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There are three forms of energy:
1. Kinetic…the energy of motion…..
2. Potential….the energy of position
3. Electromagnetic…waves like light, xrays etc
All atoms and molecules attract each other
(but not equally); oppositely charged ions do also.
When attracting bodies are moved further apart the
Potential Energy increases.
When attracting bodies (atoms, molecules or
oppositely charged ions) move closer together the Potential Energy
decreases.
1. All molecules and atoms attract each other
The aftractions are not all equal
Mercury on glass
Water on glass
Mercury on wax
Water on wax
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1.All molecules and atoms attract each other
2.When atoms and molecules get closer together the Potential Energy gets smaller.
3.When atoms and molecules get further apart the Potential Energy gets larger.
PE
PE
KE = 1/2 Mass x (Velocity) 2
GAS
Heat energy is Kinetic Energy
The Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy is never destroyed; it just changes forms. (JUST CONSIDER POTENTIAL AND KINETIC )
PE + KE = CONSTANT
Example: 5 + 5 = 10 6 + 4 = 10 8 + 2 = 10
If PE gets bigger then KE gets smaller
1/2 M V2
Kinetic Potential Electromagnetic
Heat
For now EM isleft out of the scheme.
Within each categoryWithin each categoryenergy can go from oneenergy can go from onebody to anotherbody to another
A C
B
Can include Mass: E= MC2Macroscopic KE
Microscopic KE
D
A and B C D
Can go fromone kind of potential toanother ieGravitation to Spring energy
PE results from attracting or repelling objects being near; changing the position changes the PE. In chemistry all atomsattract and the closer they get the less the PE and more stablethey are thus forming bonds.
It freezes and molecules get closer together…does it get hot or cold?
Shows how wax molecules get closer together when they “freeze” thus PE goes down! And heat is given off!
PE + KE = Constant
WATERWATER
KClO3 + C12H22011 ---- KCl + C02 + H20
A careful analysis shows that, for example, carbonand hydrogen are much closer to oxygen after RX.