Energy Resources

Two Types of Energypotential and kinetic clip

Potential Energy• Stored energy

Kinetic Energy• Energy in motion (click on)

Summarizer Activity

• View Energy Conversions PPT• How does energy change form?

Summary of Energy

video review

Two Types of Resources

Frayer Diagram

Energy Resources

• Primary Energy Resources

N RO EN SR OE UN RE CW EA SBLE

Fuels and Energy text pgs. 164-165 answer ?s 1-5 of reading guide

• A fuel is a substance that provides a form of energy--such as heat, light, electricity, or motion—as a result of a chemical change. Energy can be converted (changed) from one form to another.

Activity: Rub your hands together quickly for several seconds.

Did you feel them becoming warmer? When you moved your hands, they had mechanical energy, the energy of motion. The friction of rubbing your hands together converted some of this mechanical energy to thermal energy, which you felt as heat. Energy is converted from one form to another.

The process of burning a fuel is called combustion.

• Science Geeks combustion

• Energy stored in fuels can be used to generate electricity.

What are Fossil Fuels?

Text pgs. 166-167 RG #s 6-15

Formed hundreds of millions of years ago from the remains of:

• dead plants

• dead animals

Three main fossil fuels:

1. Coal

2. Oil

3. Natural gas

Fossil fuels are made of hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are energy-rich chemical compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. During combustion, the carbon and hydrogen combine with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide and water. This process releases energy in the forms of heat and light.

Fossil fuels have more hydrocarbons per kg than most other fuels. For this reason, they are excellent source of energy. Combustion of one kg of coal, for example, provides twice as much heat as burning one kg of wood. Oil and natural gas provide three times the energy of wood.

Combustion of Fossil Fuels

Hydrogen

Carbon

Energy

Production of Electricity Energy 101- Electricity Generation

Fuels contain stored chemical energy, which can be released by burning. The process of burning a fuel is called combustion. For example, most cars use a fuel called gasoline. The energy stored in fuels can be used to generate electricity. In most power plants, the thermal energy produced by burning fuel is used to boil water, making steam. The mechanical energy of the steam turns the blades of a turbine. The shaft of the turbine is connected to a generator. The generator consists of powerful magnets surrounded by coils of copper wire. As the shaft rotates, the magnets turn inside the wire coil, producing an electric current. The electric current flows through power lines to homes and industries.

How is electricity made and distributed

First – some type of fuel is combusted and used to heat water and changes to steamNext – Turns a turbine (or piston)Next – energy is collected in a generator, producing electricityNext – transformer will step up the voltageNext – travels through high voltage linesNext – a substation transformer reduces power to be used locallyNext – Distribution lines take it to your homeLast – You turn on the lights!

Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed from plant remains.

Stages of CoalPete Likes Biting Ants

Stages of coal:• 1. Peat (hence the

word Pete)• 2. Lignite • 3. Bituminous• 4. AnthraciteCoal is mined from the ground either by stripping the land or digging deep mines.

Coal Formation

triangle GO

Oil and Natural GasText pgs. 168-169

RG #s 16-23

• Oil – LIQUID fossil fuel• Oil directly from the earth is called CRUDE

oil.• Oil must be REFINED or cleaned before it

can be used• Natural Gas – GAS found above oil

deposits

Fossil Fuel Shortages

• Fossil fuels are limited (nonrenewable) they take a very long time to replace)

• Conservation of fossils fuels is the best way to provide energy for the future!

Make sure your dishwasher is full Turn your refrigerator down Turn the water off while brushing your teeth Turn off the lights when you leave a room Keep your heat a little lower and your air conditioning a little higher Walk, ride a bike or take public transportation when possible

Fossil Fuels

Advantages Disadvantages

Cost (relatively cheap to produce)Already have FF plants

Pollution (both land and air) Nonrenewable resource (we will eventually run out of FF)

Nuclear Energy• Non-renewable even though we have plenty of Uranium

to last a very long time.• Nuclear fis sion – the splitting of an atomic nucleus (of

a Uranium 235 atom) into two smaller nuclei, during which nuclear energy is released. This energy produces heat which boils water which spins the turbine which drives the generator to produce electricity.

• Once the first nucleus is split, it continues to split in a process called a nuclear chain reaction.

Nuclear Energy

Advantages Disadvantages

Nonrenewable resource but TONS of Uranium around to last a LONG time!No air pollution

Harmful radiationRadioactive wastesMeltdown Security

R R

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O W U A R B C L E E S

1-2 Energy from the Sun

Energy From the Sun

Passive Solar Heating• In passive solar-heating systems, the windows of a building are positioned

so that sunlight enters directly and heats the building. Shades keep the heat in at night. Awnings are constructed to keep too much heat from entering during the summer.

Active Solar Heating• Energy from the sun

heats tubes filled with water in the solar collector. This heated liquid travels to the water storage tank. The water in the tank is heated up because of the hot tubes. This heated water is sent to various areas in the house for hot water.

Solar Cells• Solar Cells (AKA photovoltaic cells) convert sunlight directly into electricity. Silicon is used to stimulate a flow of electrons across the cell. This flow of electrons IS an electric current!

Power Towers• An array of mirrors

focuses sunlight onto a boiler mounted on a tower. The boiler produces steam which spins the turbine to drive the generator which creates electricity.

Solar Energy

Advantages Disadvantages

RenewableTremendous potential

Cost - very expensiveNo sun = no energy

Wind Power• Indirect form of solar

energy because without the sun we would have no wind!

• Wind spins the turbine to drive the generator which creates electricity.

Wind Energy

Advantages Disadvantages

Renewable resourceNo pollution

No wind = no energyTakes up a lot of spaceBirds getting caught in turbines

Water Power (Hydroelectric)

• Indirect form of solar energy because without the sun we would have no water cycle!

Water Energy

Advantages Disadvantages

Renewable resourceNo pollution

Limited locationsHarmful to environment (flooding, plant and fish life)

Geothermal Energy• Energy produced

from the heat energy within the Earth itself.

• Steam from geysers can heat homes

• Well can be dug where water is heated to produce steam

Geothermal Energy• Energy produced

from the heat energy within the Earth itself.

• Steam from geysers can heat homes

• Well can be dug where water is heated to produce steam

Geothermal Energy

Advantages Disadvantages

Renewable resourceNo pollution

Limited locations

Tidal Energy• When the movement

of water going from high tide to low tide is captured, energy can be produced.

• The movement of water turns the turbine…etc.

• Disadvantages – very limited locations

Tidal Energy• When the movement

of water going from high tide to low tide is captured, energy can be produced.

• The movement of water turns the turbine…etc.

• Disadvantages – very limited locations

Tidal Energy

Advantages Disadvantages

Renewable resourceNo pollution

Limited locations (only along coastlines)

Biomass

• Any materials that come from living things.• This material can be burned to produce

heat.

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SUGARCANE

SEAWEED

SUN-FLOWER

CORN HUSKS

Biomass

• Any materials that come from living things.• This material can be burned to produce

heat.

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G

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SUGARCANE

SEAWEED

SUN-FLOWER

CORN HUSKS

Biomass Energy

Advantages Disadvantages

Inexhaustible fuel source Alcohols and other fuels produced by biomass are efficient, viable, and relatively clean-burning Available throughout the world

Could contribute a great deal to global warming and particulate pollution if directly burned Still an expensive source