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The  2015  AMPI  Conference  in  Sydney  was  a  most  intensive  brain-­‐storming  4  days,  with  attendees  from  Australasia,  PNG,  UK,  Canada,  Sweden,  Italy,  NL.  Very  senior  port  and  shipping  companies  were  part  of  the  mixture   -­‐  whilst   the  opening  address  was  by   the  Honourable  Member   from  Wagga  Wagga.  There  was  never  a  dull  moment  and  the  lively  debate  which  followed  every  presentation  was  indicative  of  the  highest   levels   of   professionalism   and   engagement   in   managing   changes   &   challenges   in   the   very  dynamic  world  of  international  trade  &  transport.  The  brain-­‐storming  continued  outside  the  conference  room  and  there  was  no  room  for  small  talk  because  everyone  had  an  opinion,  another  question  or  an  idea   to   articulate.   Like   all   who   attended,   my  mind   is   still   percolating   new   ideas   causing   me   to   find  scraps  of  paper  to  record  the  latest  revelation  –  lest  I  forget  5  minutes  later  the  clarity  of  the  moment.  My  poor  Otago  colleagues  have  already  been  bombarded,  but  there’s  plenty  more  to  come!  The   fact   that  so  many  pilots  who  care  deeply  about   their  profession  gather   in  one  place   to  share  and  learn  is  testament  to  the  value  of  such  events.  NZ  has  largely  followed  the  great  kangaroo  leaps  made  by  our  Australian  brethren  gaining  them  (and  us)  a  superb  global  reputation  for  quality  of  service.  Though  we  be  but  Joeys  in  the  marsupial  pouch,  we  are  already  keen  to  make  a  few  leaps  of  our  own.  Great   credit   to   those   NZ   ports   who   generously   supported   the   team’s   attendance.   Especial   thanks   to  Taranaki,   Nelson,   Wellington,   Marsden   Point,   Napier   and   Otago.   (John   Barker   was   sponsored   by  Navicom  in  recognition  of  his  role  in  R&D  and  preaching  the  PPU  gospel.)  Craig  Holmes  almost  joined  us  as  a  presenter  but  his  flight  was  grounded  in  Dunedin  due  to  a  technical  fault.  Although  this  was  most  annoying  for  Craig,  it  did  show  that  the  plane  and  passengers  were  kept  safe  by  diligent  application  of  check  lists  and  the  power  of  saying  “No”  despite  commercial  pressures.  I  drunk  his  beer  for  him.  (P.  3)  

THE  PILOT  NEW  ZEALAND  MARITIME  PILOTS  ASSOCIATION  

Volume  24,  Number  3a.         www.nzmpa.org             Oct  2015  

TEAM  NEW  ZEALAND  George  Walkinshaw,  John  Barker,  Neil  Armitage,  Steve  Banks,  Neil  MacKean,  Trevor  Morrison  Nick  Bullock  (Reserve),  Hugh  O’Neill,  Matt  Ashworth(Reserve),  Dave  Duncan  (Photo:  Ben  Ranson)  

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CONFERENCE  PROGRAMME    For  the  sake  of  brevity,  most  of  the  papers  delivered  can  be  found  in  pdf  format  in  the  relevant  section  of   AMPI’s   website   (http://www.ampi.org.au/programme).   There   were   a   few   ad-­‐lib   presentations  whose  ethereal  lives  are  not  in  the  public  domain.  One  surprise  speaker  was  Sydney  Italian  comic  Vince  Sorrenti  who  could  have  caused  a   riot   in  an  empty  house.  Vince  had  some   telling  observations  about  growing  older   and  when  one   considers   the   grey  beards   in  his   audience,   that   ought   to  be   a   source  of  concern   for   the   entire   indutry.   There   is   a   global   dearth   of   pilots   and   yet   the   volume   of   shipping   (in  Australia  at  least)  is  set  to  double  in  the  next  20  years.  Quite  how  a  finite  planet  can  continue  to  grow  in  GDP    despite  Climate  Change  remains  an  incovenient  question  best  answered  by  Malthusian  ostriches.    Like  most  other  delegates,  I  took  copious  indecipherable  notes  –  BUT  in  2  different  books!  Naturally,  my  notes  would  bear  no   resemblance   to  anyone  else’s  because   certain   topics  will   interest  me  more   than  others.   Since   the   diligent   reader   has   access   to   most   Conference   Papers,   I   shall   simply   relate   my  strongest  impressions  in  chronological  disorder  and  grammatical  chaos,  hoping  that  some  themes  will  emerge  in  the  process.  Dear  Reader,  to  avoid  tedium,  you  may  prefer  to  skip  to  the  end…    Day  1   Tuesday  6th  Oct    

1. Pilotage continuous evolution to reflect changes in ships and technology. Cultures do change - if only by natural attrition. (Neil Farmer)

2. Pilots mentioned in Plato’s Dialogues and Bible. TPP increases trade! $50 Bn committed to port investment. Rail freight track from Melbourne to Brisbane $300 Million. (MP for Wagga Wagga)

3. “Everything changes and nothing stands still” – Heraclitus of Ephesus (535-475BC). Legislation also changing. “Its difficult to make predictions, especially about the future” - Niels Bohr (John Kavanagh)

4. E-Nav is descendant of 290BC Lighthouse of Alexandra via Longitude, SOLAS, Radar, GPS, Ecdis and AIS. First flight 1903 but accelerated. BRM and HCD (Human Centred Design)-Gary Prosser

5. Port Hedland Ops: Pilots train for Em’y every 2 years. 2 pilots to cope with 12 tugs! Manned Model. Due Diligence Review. Knowledge of why incident occur informs “Threat Barrier Diagram”. Its all in the Passage Plan. PPU helps in Fog and Dust-storms. DUKC overlay on PPU huge bulkies with UKC of 25cm!!! Monthly meeting all stakeholders! Regulation lags behind Best Practice. (Mark Ayre)

6. Maersk Logistics. 20 mph per crane not good enough! Aus 2nd most expensive after US. (PMPH= Port moves per hour) Aus:43. Africa:20. China:100. US:50. This guy was an automaton (Ryan Jones)

7. Culture Change in DP World: Circuit-Breakers (Seat Belts, Smoking). Banned stevedores swearing! (Say Um not F***) “Care more for people” showing respect, no bullies. Key to Satisfaction is Gratitude! Unions play a valuable role. Due TPP, no 15% Chinese tariff on Aus milk!!! More people live inside Asia than outside! Oz is a show-case of how to operate. (Paul Scurrah MD CEO DPW)

8. Melbourne’s Sustainable Project Delivery: Risk-Consequence-Remedy. (Nick Easy CEO) 9. Policy, Ports & Privatisation. Oz govt neglect of shipping vs. support in Norway, Canada, Brazil

whose govts see the importance of shipping to National Ec’y. Road & Rail healthy because of subsidies! Not shipping! Contrast with success in Air Ind’y. Open skies policy. Jetstar & Virgin co-exist and employ Oz crews. However, ore and LNG means future bright. Enlightened policy suggested to help shipping and thus provide trained personnel. (Sandy Galbraith)

10. Port Concepts: to understand the future, must understand the past. Private vs Public. RAN bases on S. Coast to protect from penguins? Port Clinton ought to be the future. (John McRobert Ch. Eng.)

 Day  2   Wednesday  7th  Oct  

1. RCCL Patrik Dahlgren. I have no notes because I was suddenly having to prepare to speak….He did mention that RCCL spends $41m p.a. on pilotage globally. (See Conclusion 6 on Page 4)

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2. Hans Hederstrom – Founder and Director of CSMART at Almere (NL). The genesis of BRM based on Aviation Industry. Once again, no notes…

3. David Christie who was the P&O driver behind CSMART as in 2006, ships cost $50m damage and repairs. He contacted Ravi who told him to spend big-time, hence CSMART and annual Proficiency Checks all deck officers. CSMART expanding and has 140 bed hotel. Course of free to all pilots: all they pay is their airfare!!! (Ed: It should be noted that Carnival Corporation is not a charity i.e. they recognize that training is a smart investment and a win-win. These huge ships cost billions and time lost in repairs does not bear thinking about – nor the bad publicity when all pax have iPhones!)

4. My moment of fame: whilst sitting reading CH’s piece in The Pilot Mag, I realized that its concerns had just been overtaken by events. Furthermore, reading from a text would be death to all. I walked to the podium still with no clear idea of my pitch – but thinking on one’s feet is what pilots do best: I explained firstly what had happened to CH. I riffed on the serendipitous evolution of 17 years piloting. Despite no concept of BRM, a Just Culture existed in London. Coming to NZ, attending Ravi’s BRM was a revelation. Next we adopted PPU, which revolutionized pilotage and gave an intrinsic understanding of ROT, vectors and predictions. And then came the big Passenger Ships where the skills acquired through BRM and PPU came into absolute focus. In this respect, Aus and NZ may have been ahead of IMPA and IMO in our adaption to the CSMART modus operandi (the pilot still has to diplomatically adjust to the diverse styles of Captains and Bridge Teams to maintain mutual respect). I understood that IMPA had to react as they had done but rejoiced that there was now closer liaison between IMPA and CSMART. I asked the floor if any had accepted the offer to attend Almere thus far but only 2 raised their hands. I finished with acknowledging that RCCL and Carnival had most definitely raised the game, and it was now incumbent on all pilots to do likewise.

5. The Svitzer style of tugs adapts to each port but works to gold-plated standards…(Steffen Risager) 6. Rotor tugs can do anything…(Marinus Jansen) 7. Damen Shipyards – a brief history (Roland Briene) 8. Pilot Training Future is bleak. New ‘ab initio’ degree (Alternative Track) lacked any financial

support. Demography shows more retiring but even more needed. (Rory Main) 9. CPD “Why Me?” UKMPA approach in line with IMO paper A960 (Nick Lee) 10. AMPI CPD points system. Evolution of skill sets, maintain currency, keep apace tech’y, learn from

others’ mistakes, develop Best Practice. Leg’n also changing. 50 points each for Prof’l Eval’n, Knowledge Skills and Emergency Response. Score 150 over 2 years. (Peter Liley)

11. SMS. 13th Century Oleron Laws: No cure, no pay, no head! Fortius and Jody FM (Marcus John) 12. Pilot Ops SMS. Origins of BRM in IMPA Conference in Melbourne 1988. Scandinavian Ferries etc.

Affluence = less children = no tolerance for accidents (Sewol, Costa Concordia). SMS based on 1950s Nuclear industry - Rasmussen & James Reason – thence N.Sea (Piper Alpha). (Ravi Nijjer)

13. Due Diligence – A new approach to SMS. Throw out ISO as inadequate to legal challenge. Moral Philosophy – The Golden Rule: Treat others as you wish to be treated. The “Reasonable Person” operates with hindsight. (Great definition of one but no notes!). Hazard vs. Precaution. Courts can only operate in Hindsight. Risk Mngt: SFAIRP vs. ALARP (so far as vs. as low as). 1 wk assess, 3 wks consolidate. Forget ISO as too laborious. “Better to be vaguely right than exactly wrong” – Gareth Read, “Logic deductive & Inductive” (1898). Best defence against Hindsight is Foresight. (V2a Due Diligence Engineers Sappideen & Stillman)

 Day  3:  Thursday  8th  Oct  

1. Human Performance under stress - QF32! Airbus 380 is heavily computerized thus slows Human brain. All pilots carry iPads, which easily hold all their documentation. Every airport has a standardized runway approach. All flight crew undergo regular Proficiency Checks on Simulator (4 p.a. over 2-year matrix – past incidents like volcanic ash, bird strike). There are SOPs for every situation with no deviation permitted. After initial briefs, team runs through the “what-ifs” and agree on appropriate response. Human Factors exam covers COMs, Sit’n Aware, Team-Work, Decision-

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Making, Leadership & Mngt. Just Culture is imperative (share concerns, identify hazards, lessons learned) Trust between Pilots and Mngt is essential to capture data and maybe change SOPs. On QF 32, Em’y was outside all contingencies. 212 alarms each with own SOP check list. Prioritize! Settle pax (fake Br. Accent): “We in charge; aircraft safe & You are safe; We are busy! Safety mode, not service!” Essential that pilot avoids overload – Prioritize, Delegate, Load-share – Aviate, Navigate, Communicate. Co-Pilots trained to RAISE (R=Relay info; A=Ask if aware; I=Indicate Concern; S=Offer Solution; E=Em’y: You must act now!) (Dave Evans)

2. Peer Supporters need training. Learn to listen, not diagnose: Empathise. Each year of stress costs 6 years off life! Fixed by peer support, social bonds, humour. Humans could communicate 60,000 yrs before language i.e. still hard-wired to understand body language, vocal effects etc. Feelings often beyond linguistic expression. Altruism is elixir. Peer Supporters VG team bond (Marcus Romanic).

3. Fatigue Mngt. < 5 hours sleep, error rate doubles. Errors common: fatigue slows error-detection. 17 hours no-sleep = performance worse than drunk! Machines no sleep – Humans must! (Matt Thomas)

 Day 4: Friday 9th Oct

1. IMPA guide on Pilot Ladders. Pilotage is Art & Science. Responsible to Joe Public not Corporates! Licensed by State. Resist Economic Pressures. BRM Paramount. Only option is to maintain highest standards in knowledge, technology, mental and physical fitness. IMPA liaise with Carnival: only IMO can alter the role of pilots. Carnival systems subject to IMPA review. Unity is strength local, national and international. No compromise in commitment to excellence! (Simone Pelletier, IMPA Pres.).

2. IMPA active in IMO (only UN body in UK). Big flags more powerful lobbies thus bullies. Competition in pilotage a disaster wherever tried. Race to bottom in service but costs rise not fall; Private pilots 20% more expensive than State – plus damage to ships & ports (Cutmore)

3. Practical Application of PPU. Surveyors & Cartographers like Masters & Pilots i.e. Complementary but different. Filter data. Better berth detail than ENC! Consistency PPU & Ecdis. Replace XT Error with XT Dist. Pax ships say “Error” but Pilot knows OK (different ref pts.). Delineate safe margins. IMO says ships plan Berth-to-Berth thus conflict PPU & Ecdis. (“We not follow your line”). Passage Plan vs. Pilotage Plan (Antonio di Lieto)

4. PPU: Increase Accuracy & Decrease Risk! Training is vital! (Peter Selwyn)  

CONCLUSIONS  1. “Change is the only constant” thus pilots must be dynamic and flexible in their response yet

never lose sight of the fundamental role and responsibilities. 2. Managed risk is better than unmanaged risk thus an onus to engage technologies like PPU and

BRM philosophy to provide resilience and prove that Due Diligence has been followed. Litigation is a growing threat since laws also change with time.

3. Training is the principal strategy to meet new challenges but training needs to undergo a major overhaul in line with Aviation Industry. At the same time, ports must adopt BRM principles to create Just Culture in which errors are reported, analysed and lessons shared. The Public tolerance for error is zero thus scapegoats must be found (Schetinno & Sewol).

4. Corporate Power can usurp Government Agencies via lobbies and TPP. IMO votes can be ‘influenced’. Professionals can no longer hide behind legal minima but need act according to International Best Practice. The safest course is to train to the highest standard to minimize risk (so far as is reasonably possible) and avoid litigation at all costs. Training is thus a very smart investment (Corporates make financially-smart decisions) and a psychological defence.

5. Pilots take a long time to make, but can be very fragile. Safety is likewise a sound investment. 6. The $41 million paid to pilots globally each year left me wondering whether accountants can

calculate how that cost compares to the annual bill for the (Bridge Team) ice cream. Might the cost of a pilot equate to the cherry on top - and add significant value?