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New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning
Progressive Science Initiative
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www.njctl.org
1st Grade PSI: Unit 1
The Sun
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Table of Contents: The Sun
· Objects in Our Sky
· Sun Facts
· What is the Sun made of?
· The Daytime Sky
Click on the topic to go to that section
· Solar Energy
· Patterns of the Sun
· Review
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Objects in Our Sky
Return to Tableof Contents
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Vocabulary
Astronomy - the study of the stars and other parts of the universe beyond Earth's atmosphere.
Atmosphere - the gases surrounding Earth.
Sky - the region of the atmosphere and outer space seen from Earth. Sphere - a round object with a surface like a globe or a ball.
Surface: - the upper outside layer of something.
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An astronomer is someone who studies the stars and space.
The sky is also known as the "celestial dome".
The sky is everything that is above the surface of Earth, including the atmosphere and outer space.
Astronomers
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The Celestial sphere (or dome) is what we see when we look up and see the sun, stars, planets, and the moon.
These celestial bodies appear to travel across the dome.
Celestial Dome
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EARTH
Celestial Dome
It is called a dome because it appears to be a "rounded roof" above Earth.
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Atmosphere
An astronomer must look through the atmosphere to study the stars and planets.
The atmosphere is made of the layers of gases which surround Earth.
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Objects In Our Sky : Our Moon
The Moon is a huge mass of rock that does not give off its own light.
The Moon orbits Earth.
We can see the Moon in both the day and the night sky!
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The Sun is the star that is closest to Earth.
We only see the sun during the daytime.
Objects In Our Sky : The Sun
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A star is an object in the sky that gives its own light.
They appear to glow in the night sky.
Objects In Our Sky : Stars
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Objects In Our Sky : Constellations
The groups of stars we see in the night sky are known as constellations.
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1 The sky is everything above the surface of the Earth.
True
False
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1 The sky is everything above the surface of the Earth.
True
False
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Ans
wer
True
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2 The sun is a star?
YesNo
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2 The sun is a star?
YesNo
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Ans
wer
Yes
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3 We know the sun as the star closest to _______.
A The Sky
B The Moon
C Earth
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3 We know the sun as the star closest to _______.
A The Sky
B The Moon
C Earth
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Ans
wer
C - Earth
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4 A star gives it own light.
True
False
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4 A star gives it own light.
True
False
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Ans
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True
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5 What is a sphere most like?
A a box
B a ball
C a triangle
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5 What is a sphere most like?
A a box
B a ball
C a triangle
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Ans
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B - a ball
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6 The moon is ________.
A hot
B a sphere made of rock
C a star
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6 The moon is ________.
A hot
B a sphere made of rock
C a star
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Ans
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B - a sphere made of rock
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Working with your group, complete the worksheet.
You will need to write facts about each thing.
Remember that a fact is a piece of true information.
Classwork: Objects in the Sky
1234
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It is time for our first quiz!
Everyone is going to do very well!
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The Daytime Sky
Return to Tableof Contents
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Daytime Sky
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What do you know about the sky during the day?Fill in the first 2 columns now and we will fill in the last
one after our activity.
What we know What we want to know What we have learned
K W L
LET'S BRAINSTORM!
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Lab 1: OBSERVING THE DAYTIME SKY
Materials you will need:
1 piece of white construction paper
pencils,colored pencils,markers or crayons.
Directions:
1. Weather permitting go out side and spend some time looking at the daytime sky.
2. Draw what you observe when looking up at the sky.
3. When you are done, come back inside and finish the third column of your KWL chart.
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ACTIVITY 2: THE DAYTIME SKY
Follow up questions:
1. Did you see the sun?
2. Did you see any clouds?
3. What color was the sky?
You probably saw that during the day, the sky usually appears to be blue and you can see the sun and clouds.
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Sometimes during the day you can see the moon too. Did you see it today?
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7 If it is daytime and cloudy, the sun is still in the sky.
YesNo
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7 If it is daytime and cloudy, the sun is still in the sky.
YesNo
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Ans
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Yes
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8 Can you see the moon in the sky during the day?
A AlwaysB SometimesC Never
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8 Can you see the moon in the sky during the day?
A AlwaysB SometimesC Never
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Ans
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B - Sometimes
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Return to Tableof Contents
What is the Sun made of?
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The sun is the star at the center of our Solar System.
It is just like any other star in the night sky.
The sun is just the closest star to us!
The sun is so bright, we cannot see the other stars during the day.
The Sun
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.
The sun is the most important star to us.
This is because it is important for life on Earth.
The Sun
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The sun is made of gas.
It is mostly hydrogen gas.
H
The Sun
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The sun formed millions of years ago, from heated up
hydrogen atoms.
H
Atoms are pieces of matter.
Matter is the Stuff Around You .
Matter is everything around you.
Remember:
Atoms of The Sun
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These atoms were drawn together to become bigger and bigger
and formed the Sun.
H
H
H
H
H
H H
H
H
H
HHH
Atoms of The Sun
The heat energy from the atoms gets released to make the "sunshine"
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9 The only star we can see during the day is
A the moon
B the Big Dipper
C the Sun
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9 The only star we can see during the day is
A the moon
B the Big Dipper
C the Sun
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Ans
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C - the Sun
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10 The sun is mostly made of hydrogen gas.
TrueFalse
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10 The sun is mostly made of hydrogen gas.
TrueFalse
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Ans
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True
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11 The small pieces of gas that make the sun are called ___________.
A RocksB AtomsC Circles
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11 The small pieces of gas that make the sun are called ___________.
A RocksB AtomsC Circles
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Ans
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B - Atoms
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LOOK AND IMAGINE!
Steps: 1. Crumble pieces on a tray or desktop. (atoms)
2. Gather all of the pieces to form a ball. (The pieces are getting bigger and bigger)
3.The pieces are like the sun's energy coming together to eventually be released to make the sunshine.
Watch as your teacher will use play-doh to help you imagine the atoms coming
together!
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Sun Facts
Return to Tableof Contents
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The sun is 4.5 billion years old
Facts About the Sun
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The sun is 4.5 billion years old
Facts About the Sun
The Sun is HOT! The sun’s average surface temperature is 5700o C. The
Earth’s average temperature is only 20o C!
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The sun is 4.5 billion years old
Facts About the Sun
The Sun is HOT! The sun’s average surface
temperature is 5700o C. Earth’s average temperature is only 20o C!
(a million Earths would fit inside it!)
The sun is HUGE!
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Click here to see another video about the size of the Sun
Video About the Sun
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The Sun and the Solar System
The Sun creates gravity that keeps our planet and the other planets of the solar system in their place in space.
We also have gravity here on Earth.
Click here for a song about
Gravity!
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The sun is 93 million miles away from the Earth.
Sun's Distance
One mile is 4 times around a track, that means you would have to run around the track 372 million times to go the distance between Earth and the sun.
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The sun gives us heat.
The sun gives us light.
The energy from the sun warms the earth.
What does the sun do?
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Without the sun life on Earth could not exist!
Life Without the Sun?
It would be so cold that no living thing would be able to survive and our planet would be completely frozen.
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12 The sun defines our seasons.
YesNo
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12 The sun defines our seasons.
YesNo
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Ans
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Yes
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13 The sun gives us heat and __________.
A lightB gasC fire
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13 The sun gives us heat and __________.
A lightB gasC fire
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Ans
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A - light
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It is time for our next quiz!
Everyone is going to do very well!
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Solar Energy
Return to Tableof Contents
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Let's Brainstorm!Do we need the Sun?
Tell me why.
We need the Sun because...
Super Sun Video
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14People, animals, and plants do not need the sun.
True
False
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14People, animals, and plants do not need the sun.
True
False
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Ans
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False
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The Sun gives us ENERGY!
We get light from the Sun, which is a great thing because without it, there would be no life on Earth!
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Plants need the light from the Sun to grow.
Sun = Energy
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Animals need to eat plants.
Sun = Energy
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Plants cannot live without the sun.
Animals need plants.
The sun helps makes food.
We need food to live.
Sun = Life on Earth
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15Life on Earth would survive even without the sun.
True
False
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15Life on Earth would survive even without the sun.
True
False
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Ans
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False
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16 All of the Earth's energy comes from the _______.
A Moon
B ocean
C Sun
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16 All of the Earth's energy comes from the _______.
A Moon
B ocean
C Sun
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Ans
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C - Sun
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The sun's energy has always been used by people.
Solar Energy
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The sun provides solar energy, which means heat from the sun.
We use solar energy to heat our pool water, and to dry our clothes.
Solar Energy
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17 We use the heat and light from the sun for __________________. (choose all the right answers)
A drying clothesB building homesC heating poolsD growing plants
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17 We use the heat and light from the sun for __________________. (choose all the right answers)
A drying clothesB building homesC heating poolsD growing plants
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A drying clothesB building homesC heating poolsD growing plants
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Today the sun's energy is also used to create electricity. Every year solar technology has improved. Solar power is an alternate source of energy like coal and oil.
Solar Energy
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We turn light from the sun directly into electricity, using solar panels.
Solar Energy
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Solar cells can be used to power calculators.
Does your calculator use solar energy?
Does your calculator use batteries for energy ?
Or does your calculator use both?
.
Solar Energy
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Large numbers of solar cells are put together to create solar panels.
Have you seen solar panels?
Where?
Solar Energy
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Solar Energy
You may have seen solar panels in open fields or on top of houses near where you live.
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Solar electric panels are made up of something called silicon, the same thing that makes up sand.
Making a solar panel is hard and costs a lot of money.
The silicon has to be heated to super high temperatures and then made in to very skinny panels.
Solar Energy
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When the sunlight hits a solar panel, it makes the small particles (kind of like sand) that are in the panel move through the wires
that are inside of the panels and that creates electricity.
Solar Energy
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There is a huge solar plant in the Mojave desert.
Why would a desert be a good place to put many solar panels?
Solar Energy
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What do we know about the suns energy?
Why is it important to use the sun for our own energy here on Earth?
Solar Energy
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18 The sun gives us
A lightB light and heatC light, heat, and energy
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18 The sun gives us
A lightB light and heatC light, heat, and energy
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Ans
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C - Light, heat, and energy
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19 Solar energy comes from...
A the moon
B the cloudsC the sun
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19 Solar energy comes from...
A the moon
B the cloudsC the sun
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Ans
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C - the sun
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20 Solar energy can create electricity.
True
False
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20 Solar energy can create electricity.
True
False
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Ans
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True
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21 We can power toys, calculators, and lights with solar panels.
Yes
No
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21 We can power toys, calculators, and lights with solar panels.
Yes
No
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Ans
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Yes
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22 In the Mojave desert you will find...
A big solar panels
B a poolC a water park
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22 In the Mojave desert you will find...
A big solar panels
B a poolC a water park
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Ans
wer
A - big solar panels
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It is time for our next quiz!
Everyone is going to do very well!
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Patterns of the Sun
Return to Tableof Contents
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Horizon: the line where the sky and the Earth appear to meet
East, West, North, South: the four directions on the compass
Semi-circle: the shape of half a circle
Vocabulary
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Patterns in the day sky
Sunrise: to come up
Sunset: to go down
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The line where the sky and the Earth appear to meet
Horizon
Horizon
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When the sun is rising and setting on the horizon, it looks like a semi-circle or half a circle.
Semi-Circle
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Where is the sun?
In the morning I see the sun
___________________________.
In the evening I see the sun
____________________________.
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23 Does the sun stay in the same place in the sky all day long?
YesNo
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23 Does the sun stay in the same place in the sky all day long?
YesNo
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Ans
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No
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North
West East
South
Four Directions
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Four Directions
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24 Which way is the arrow pointing?
A NorthB SouthC EastD West
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24 Which way is the arrow pointing?
A NorthB SouthC EastD West
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Ans
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A - North
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25 Which way is the arrow pointing?
A NorthB SouthC EastD West
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25 Which way is the arrow pointing?
A NorthB SouthC EastD West
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C - East
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26 Which way is the arrow pointing?
A NorthB SouthC EastD West
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26 Which way is the arrow pointing?
A NorthB SouthC EastD West
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Ans
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D - West
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27 Which way is the arrow pointing?
A NorthB SouthC EastD West
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27 Which way is the arrow pointing?
A NorthB SouthC EastD West
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Ans
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B - South
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In the morning, the Sun rises in the east.
Sun Rise
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The Sun rises higher and higher in the sky. It goes across the sky to the west.
During the Day
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In the evening, the Sun sets in the west.
Sunset
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When the sun comes up in the morning, it is called "sunrise."
When it goes down in the evening, it is called "sunset."
Click for a video with lots of pictures of sunrises and sunsets.
Sunrise & Sunset
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28 Look outside. Where in the sky is the Sun right now?A It is morning, it is in the east.
BIt is afternoon, the Sun is high in the sky.
CIt is late in the day, the Sun has started to set.
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29 The sun rises in the ________.
A WestB East
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29 The sun rises in the ________.
A WestB East
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B - East
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30 The sun sets in the _______.
A WestB East
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30 The sun sets in the _______.
A WestB East
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Ans
wer
A - West
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Lab 2: The Effect of Time on the Sun's Position & Shadows
1. Draw a circle on a piece of paper.
2. Take it outside and put it on the ground.
3. Stick a pencil in the center so it stands up.
4. Make a line where the shadow of the pencil is on the paper.
5. Where is the Sun in the sky?
6. Wait one hour or more. Look at the paper and shadow again. Is it in the same place?
7. Draw where the shadow is now.
8. Where is the Sun in the sky now?
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Lab 2: The Effect of Time on the Sun's Position & Shadows
1. Draw a circle on a piece of paper.
2. Take it outside and put it on the ground.
3. Stick a pencil in the center so it stands up.
4. Make a line where the shadow of the pencil is on the paper.
5. Where is the Sun in the sky?
6. Wait one hour or more. Look at the paper and shadow again. Is it in the same place?
7. Draw where the shadow is now.
8. Where is the Sun in the sky now?
[This object is a pull tab]
Not
e
Instead of using paper, you can also have students trace their feet with sidewalk chalk and then trace their shadow. Go out at least three separate times of the day and have them trace their shadow again. Discuss the changes in their shadows in relation to the position of the sun and the time of day: morning, noon, afternoon.
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Did the shadow change places? Can you explain why? Use words or pictures.
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The Sun moves in the same path EVERY DAY.
Earth
Our School
The Sun's Movement
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31 See the position of the Sun? Where will we see it next?
A B
C
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31 See the position of the Sun? Where will we see it next?
A B
C
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer C
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Actually, the Sun seems to be moving, but it is not moving.
The Earth is spinning around the Sun, and from the ground it looks like the Sun is moving.
Really the Earth is Moving!
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Actually, the Sun seems to be moving, but it is not moving.
The Earth is spinning around the Sun, and from the ground it looks like the Sun is moving.
Really the Earth is Moving!
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Earth Moves Around the Sun
Earth orbits the sun. It takes the Earth one whole year to go all the way around the
sun.
Click here to see a quick video of Earth orbiting the Sun
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Earth's Orbit Creates Seasons
Earth's axis is tilted. It orbits the sun on a
tilted axis. This is what causes the seasons.
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Earth's Orbit Creates Seasons
Summer
Winter
Because of Earth's tilt, the top half of the Earthis getting a lot more sun than the bottom half.
Summer happens when the part of Earth is tilted towards the sun.Winter happens when part of Earth is tilted away from the sun.
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Earth's Orbit Creates Seasons
During autumn and spring,the top and bottom of Earth gets the same amount of sunshine.
Click here to see a video of the seasons.
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32 Which statement is correct?
A The sun orbits Earth.
B Earth orbits the sun.
C Earth stays still.
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32 Which statement is correct?
A The sun orbits Earth.
B Earth orbits the sun.
C Earth stays still.
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Ans
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B - Earth orbits the sun
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33 The seasons happen because Earth orbits the sun on a tilted axis.
True
False
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34 Winter occurs when
A that part of the Earth is tilted towards the sun.
B that part of the Earth is tilted away from the sun.
C Earth is not tilted.
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How can you tell the Sun is shining on these plants?
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While the sun stays still, the Earth spins in a circle everyday.
Earth Spins Everday
Click to see a video of the Earth spinning. The part of the Earth that is dark is in night and the part of the Earth in
the light from the sun is in the daytime.
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Patterns help us predict what will happen next.
This is an Important Pattern
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If you are on the part of the Earth that is tilting toward the sun it would be daylight and warm.
Earth Moves Around the Sun
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Lab 3: The Spinning Earth Causes Sunrise and Sunset
Materials: Globe or ball; flashlight, volunteer
1. Have one student hold the ball or globe.
2. Mark where your town is on the globe or ball.
3. Darken the room, have one student hold a flashlight pointing at the ball.
4. Have the student holding the ball or globe slowly start to spin the globe or ball.
5. Have other students say when your town is in the night or in the day.
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It is time for our next quiz!
Everyone is going to do very well!
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Review
Return to Tableof Contents
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A ___________ is a line where the Earth and the sky seem to meet.
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A ___________ is a line where the Earth and the sky seem to meet.
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Ans
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horizon
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35 The sun appears in the west in the morning.
Yes
No
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35 The sun appears in the west in the morning.
Yes
No
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Ans
wer
No
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36 In the afternoon we will see the sun in the _______ .
A North
B SouthC East
D West
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36 In the afternoon we will see the sun in the _______ .
A North
B SouthC East
D West
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
D - West
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37 The horizon is
A when we see the moon in the day time sky
B a line where the sky meets the landC when we see the sun
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37 The horizon is
A when we see the moon in the day time sky
B a line where the sky meets the landC when we see the sun
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Ans
wer
B - a line where the sky meets the land
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38 Is there a pattern in the day time sky?
Yes
No
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38 Is there a pattern in the day time sky?
Yes
No
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Ans
wer
Yes
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The Sun is a _______.
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The Sun is a _______.
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Ans
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Star
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The ________ is the center of our solar system .
The sun is very old and is made out of gases
The sunlight comes from atoms
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The ________ is the center of our solar system .
The sun is very old and is made out of gases
The sunlight comes from atoms[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
Sun
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The sun is important for all life on Earth.
Without the sun, plants could not live.Do you know why?
Animals could not live without the sun.Do you know why?
People could not live without the sun .Do you know why?
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The sun is much _________ than Earth.
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The sun is much _________ than Earth.
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Ans
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Bigger
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The sun creates two types of energy
1.________ (temperature)
2.________ (used by the panels we talked about!)
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The sun creates two types of energy
1.________ (temperature)
2.________ (used by the panels we talked about!)
Ans
wer
heat
solar
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Why do we need heat from the sun?
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Why do we need light from the sun?
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If I look on a compass I see
N for _____________
S for _____________
E for_____________
W for _____________
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What happens every morning and every afternoon?
That is a pattern!
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Does the sun move across the sky ?????
Does the sun look like it moves across the sky?
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Every morning the sun appears in the Eastern sky.It appears to move up higher in the sky.Then it looks like is gets lower in the Western sky until it looks to disappears.
What is that called?
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39 The sun is a planet.
Yes
No
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39 The sun is a planet.
Yes
No
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Ans
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No
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40 The sun is a star in the center of
A our solar system
B the day time sky
C the night time sky
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40 The sun is a star in the center of
A our solar system
B the day time sky
C the night time sky
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Ans
wer
A - our solar system
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41 The sun is closer to Earth than other stars.
True
False
Slide 149 / 153
41 The sun is closer to Earth than other stars.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer True
Slide 149 (Answer) / 153
42 The Sun is smaller than Earth.
True
False
Slide 150 / 153
42 The Sun is smaller than Earth.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
False
Slide 150 (Answer) / 153
43 The sun is very hot.
Yes
No
Slide 151 / 153
43 The sun is very hot.
Yes
No
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
Yes
Slide 151 (Answer) / 153
An ______________ is someone who studies the sky.
The sky is everything above the Earth's surface.
Slide 152 / 153
An ______________ is someone who studies the sky.
The sky is everything above the Earth's surface.
Ans
wer
astronomer
Slide 152 (Answer) / 153
Return to you KWL chart and complete.
Slide 153 / 153
