The New Deal

Chapter 221932-1941Page 730

Section 1FDR offers Relief

• Obj: analyze the impact of FDR on the American people

• Describe the programs that were part of Frist new deal

• Identify critical responses to New Deal

• Americans elect FDR to find ways to end the Great Depression

A. FDR

• Hoover no chance in Election of 1932• FDR wins in a landslide• Came from a rich family and upper class

upbringing • Served in New York Senate• Diagnosed with polio in 1921• Married to Eleanor Roosevelt- most active first

lady ever

B. New Deal

• Promised a “New Deal” for Americans• Made a cabinet to be his “Brain Trust”– Not just yes men– Included both Reps and Dems. • Francis Perkins• Henry Wallace• Harold Ickles

C: First 100 Days

• Congress passed 15 bills• 3 goals- Relief, recovery, reform• Day after inauguration, enacted four day bank

holiday– Gave banks opportunity to get accounts in order

• Fireside chats? Restore national confidence– Something is being done

D. Reform Financial system

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- insured bank deposits.

• People have confidence in banks• Won’t withdraw money with every panic

• SEC- Regulate stock market

E: Help to Farmers

• (AAA)- • Agricultural Adjustment Act- • Regulate production by manipulating pricers• Pay subsidies to not farm part of their land• CRP

F: TVA

• Tennessee Valley Authority• Built series of dams to generate electricity• Prevent flooding• Bring cheap electricity to rural areas

G. Direct Relief

• CCC- Civilian Conservation Act- provided jobs to 2 million men

• Replant forest, built trails, dug irrigation ditches

• FERA- Federal Emergency Relief Act- gave funds directly to un-employed

• HOLC- loaned money to homeowners • FHA- Federal Housing Administration- loans to

repair houses

• NRA- National Recovery Administration- developed codes for fair competition in industry- minimum wages and price controls

• PWA- Public Works Administration- built dams, power plants, government buildings

H. Opposition

• Republicans- FDR going too far• “Challenges to Liberty” ??• American Liberty League- also fought new

deal legislation

• Some on Left say “not enough”• Huey Long-• Francis Townshend-• Father Charles Coughlin-

Funny

Bet I know what his New Years resolution is.

Hey, what’s your name? You wanna be my friend?

Section 2The Second New Deal

• Obj: Discuss the programs in the Second New Deal

• Explain how New Deal legislation affected the growth of organized labor

• Describe the impact of Roosevelt’s court packing plan

• 1935, many problems still facing the nation. FDR- more needs to be done

A: More Programs

• FDR re-elected in 1936• Second New Deal- 1935- address the • problems of elderly, poor, and unemployed• WPA- 5 billion for new jobs- improve roads,

dredge rivers, promote soil conservation– Spent 11 billion to but 8 million people to work– Used deficit spending to finance- 4.4 billion in

debt– John Maynard Keynes- pump priming?

B. Social Security Act

• Social Security was “old age” insurance and insurance on un-employment

• Still around today

C. REA

• Rural Electrification Act- loaned money to rural electric companies to build power lines

• Before-10%• After- 80%

D. Unions

• Wagner Act?• Collective Bargaining?• Fair Labor Standards Act?

Election of 1936

• FDR won an overwhelming victory• 61 percent of vote• Beat Alfred M. Landon

E. Challenges to New Deal• Supreme Court ruled most of the New Deal

Legislation unconstitutional in 1936• Roosevelt Ticked off• FDR tries to “Pack the Supreme Court” what

was this?• Fails- hurt FDR’s popularity • 1936- RDR reduced spending, economy wasn’t

ready took a dive.

• Conservatives gain ground as economy takes a dive in 1935-36

• Democrats still had majority, but lost support of Southern Dem.

• To keep support, FDR moved away from reform, especially Jim Crow laws.

• “Packing” the Supreme Court– FDR was frustrated

that a conservative dominated court found many New Deal programs unconstitutional

– Tries to add new justices

– Must retire by age 70

– His efforts to “Pack” court fails

– Upsets many in Congress and American people

Section 3Effects of the New Deal

• Obj: Describe how the New Deal affected different groups in American Society

• Analyze how the New Deal changed the shape of American Party Politics

• Discuss the impact of FDR on the presidency

• The New Deal, whether successful or not, had a lasting impact on the U.S.

Life During the Roosevelt Years

• A. Minority groups– African Americans- most would miss out on the

benefits of New Deal Programs– Roosevelt first Prez to put African Americans in

key cabinet positions– Would come to be called the Black Cabinet– However- no major civil rights legislation was

passed

Mexican Americans

• Before the 1930’s, no limit to immigration was put on Mexicans

• People from Mexico would start to face prejudice during 1930’s because they often worked for less and drove down wages

American Indians

• Really only Minority group to make progress during the Depression

• Bureau of Indian Affairs- halted allotment of land to individuals

• Indian New Deal-• Indian Re-organization Act-• Reestablished tribal ownership of land, made loans

available for native owned businesses, set up programs to teach new methods of land development

Legacy of New Deal

• 1937- Roosevelt tries to balance the budget• Throws the U.S. back into a recession

• Many not sure if New Deal programs actually helped the country

• People seemed to either hate FDR or love him• War would bring the U.S. out of Great

Depression as wartime production put people to work

Legacy

• 1. Extended power of Federal Gov’t- gov’t still plays a much greater role in people’s lives

• 2. Extension of Power of Prez- presidents after FDR were expected to be strong leaders and push legislation

• 3. Deficit Spending- National debt 260 billion after FDR- most gov’t budgets after GD would operate under deficit spending

• 4. Federal Social Programs- the U.S. became a welfare state- gov’t expected to care for the people

• 5. Greater concern for workers- recognized unions rights to exist- protect workers- raise minimum wage

• 6. Conservation gains- new deal programs helped promote conservation practices

• 7. Renewal of Faith in Democracy- Carried U.S. through a time of hardships- democracy could survive hardships and see the people through

• 8. Reorganization of political Parties- New Deal Coalition

• 9. Government tries to regulate the economy

Section 4Culture of the 1930’s

• Obj: trace the growth of radio and the movies in the 1930’s

• Describe the major themes of literature of the New Deal Era

A. Movies and Radio

• By end of 1930’s 9 in 10 have a radio• Americans going to movies at least once a

week• A way to forget about troubles• Rise of networks like NBC, CBS• Rise of movie producers like Fox, Paramount,

MGM

B. Films

• Wizard of Oz• Snow White• Most famous ever- Gone with the Wind• G-Men• Public enemy• MR. Smith Goes to Washington• War of the Worlds- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs0K4ApWl4g minute 23:45

C. New Deal Art

• Federal Art Project- ??– Paid artists to create murals

• Dorothea Lange- FSA photographer- capture the plight of the farmer on film

D. Literature

• Overlooked by 1920’s lit• John Steinbeck’s “Grapes of Wrath”– About??

• Lillian Hellman- wrote plays featuring women • Comic strips- – Dick Tracey – Superman