The IOR Technology Toolbox Key Solutions for Reservoir Mapping and Upscaling

Merete Vadla Madland & Aksel Hiorth

University of Stavanger, IRIS

The National IOR Centre of NorwayWorkshop hosted by International Energy Agency (IEA) Gas & Oil Technology Collaboration Programme

(GOT) –and Statoil, 8th June, Rotvoll, Trondheim, Norway

Integrated IOR research

• Roadmap- leading the way towards usecases

• IOR toolbox

– parts of all R&D activities

– adapted for each individual case

– Joining forces to..

• …only then will the Toolbox be most suitable for use in the field!

Haukås, Jarle; Madland, Merete Vadla; Flornes, Kristin Margrethe; Hiorth, Aksel; Valestrand, Randi; Viig, Sissel Opsahl; Stavland, Arne; Zimmermann, Udo; Jettestuen, Espen; Mebratu, A.; Bjørnstad, Tor; Klöfkorn, Robert; Skjæveland, Svein Magne; Nævdal, Geir. Integration of IOR Research Projects through Generic Case Studies. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2

The partners and observers

ConocoPhillips

The Board

Chairman: Kåre Vagle

Theme 1 Mobile and immobile oil

And EOR methods

Theme leader:

Aksel Hiorth

Task 1Core scale

Task leader: Arne Stavland

Task 2 Mineral fluid reactions at

nano/submicron scale

Task leader: Udo Zimmermann

Task 3 Pore scale

Task leader: Espen Jettestuen

Task 4 Upscaling & environmental

impact

Task leader: Aksel Hiorth

Theme 2 Mobile oil – reservoir

Characterisation to improvevolumetric sweep

Theme leader:

Randi Valestrand

Task 5 Tracer technology

Task leader: Tor Bjørnstad

Task 6 Reservoir simulation tools

Task leader: Robert Klöfkorn

Task 7 Field scale evaluation &

history matching

Task leader: Geir Nævdal

The Technical Committee

Head of Committee: Niels Lindeloff

The Management Team

Centre Director:

Merete Vadla Madland

Centre organisation

Why is Recovery Factor so Low?

𝑅𝐹 = 𝐸𝑃𝑆 × 𝐸𝑆 × 𝐸𝐷 × 𝐸𝐶

IORA. Muggeridge et al., “Recovery rates, enhanced oil recovery and technological limits”, Phil. Trans.R. Soc. A 372: 20120320, 2013

MORE WELLS – MORE OIL ?

HOW TO IMPLEMENT CHEMICAL SYSTEMS ON FIELD SCALE?

09 June 2017

4 µm

Understand, model and upscale

Mineral-fluid investigations

CaMg

Ca

Mg

𝐸 𝑓, Γ =1

𝑆ඵ𝑅

𝑓 − 𝑔 2𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 +ඵ𝑅/Γ

|𝛻𝑓| 2𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝜈|Γ|

Minde, Mona Wetrhus; Haser, Sabine; Korsnes, Reidar Inge; Zimmermann, Udo; Madland, Merete Vadla (2017). Comparative Studies of Mineralogical Alterations of Three Ultra-long-term Tests of Onshore Chalk at Reservoir Conditions. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers. ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2.M. Megawati, A. Hiorth, M.V. Madland. The Impact of Surface Charge on the Mechanical Behavior of High-Porosity Chalk. Megawati, M., Hiorth, A. & Madland, M.V. Rock Mech Rock Eng (2013) 46: 1073. doi:10.1007/s00603-012-0317-zZimmermann, Udo; Madland, Merete Vadla; Nermoen, Anders; Hildebrand-Habel, Tania; Bertolino, Silvana A.R.; Hiorth, Aksel; Korsnes, Reidar Inge; Audinot, Jean-Nicolas; Grysan, Patrick. Evaluation of the compositional changes during flooding of reactive fluids using scanning electron microscopy, nano-secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and whole-rock geochemistry. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 2015 ;Volum 99.(5) s. 791-805Wenxia Wang, Merete V. Madland, Udo Zimmermann, Anders Nermoen, Reidar I. Korsnes, Silvana R. A. Bertolino, Tania Hildebrand-Habel. Evaluation of porosity change during chemo-mechanical compaction in flooding experiments on Liège outcrop chalk. Geological Society London Special Publications 10/2016; DOI:10.1144/SP435.10Egeland, Nina; Minde, Mona Wetrhus; Kobayashi, Katsura; Ota, Tsutomu; Nakamura, Eizo; Zimmermann, Udo; Madland, Merete Vadla; Korsnes, Reidar Inge (2017). Quantification of Mineralogical Changes in Flooded Carbonate under Reservoir Conditions. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers. ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2.Kallesten, Emanuela Iedidia; Zimmermann, Udo; Minde, Mona Wetrhus; Madland, Merete Vadla. Petrological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Constraints on Hydrocarbon Bearing North Sea Reservoir Chalk. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2.Vinningland, Jan Ludvig; Jettestuen, Espen; Aursjø, Olav; Madland, Merete Vadla; Hiorth, Aksel. Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation Rate Laws Predicted from Reactive Pore Scale Simulations. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2.

A glimpse into our pore scale simulation toolbox

One-phase reactive flow (mineral precipitation)One-phase flow (streamlines)

Two-phase flow

Three-phase capillary flowNon-Newtonian flow

Hiorth, A., Jettestuen, Cathles, Madland "Precipitation, dissolution, and ion exchange processes coupled with a lattice Boltzmann advection diffusion solver." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 104 (2013): 99-110.A. Hiorth, E. Jettestuen, L. M. Cathles, R. I. Korsnes, M. V. Madland, “A fully coupled geochemical model with a pore scale lattice Boltzmann simulator-principles and first results”. Rev. Proc. Society of Core Analysts A43 (2010J.Pedersen, E. Jettestuen, J. L. Vinningland, M.V. Madland and A. Hiorth. Pore Scale Modeling of Brine Dependent Permeability. Paper SCA2013-064 presented at the International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts held in Napa Valley, California, USA, 16-19September, 2013Pedersen, Janne, et al. "Pore scale modeling of brine dependent pore space evolution in carbonates." EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition incorporating SPE Europec. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013.Pedersen, J., et al. "Improved Lattice Boltzmann Models for Precipitation and Dissolution." Transport in porous media 104.3 (2014): 593-605.Janne Pedersen, Espen Jettestuen, Merete V. Madland, Tania Hildebrand-Habel, Reidar I. Korsnes, Jan Ludvig Vinningland, Aksel Hiort. A dissolution model that accounts for coverage of mineral surfaces by precipitation in core floods. Advances in Water Resources. Volume 87, 313-327 (2016), doi:10.1016

Non Newtonian flow in porous media from first principles

FENE-P polymer modelDissipative Particle

Dynamics Lattice Boltzmann simulations

• Finitely Extensible Nonlinear Elastic model with Peterlin closure

• Beads connected by springs with max length 𝑄0 and constant 𝐻

• Salinity effects, degradation, and polymer interaction not included

• Solve expression for stress tensor together with N-S Shear-thinning fluid:

Dark is faster non-Newt. flow, white is faster Newt. flow

𝜈 ∝ ሶ𝛾 𝑛−1

• Depletion layer effect reduce viscosity

• Viscoelastic effects → shear thickening

• Adhesion of polymer

D. Shogin, P.A. Amundsen, A. Hiorth and M.V. Madland, ”Physical Modeling of Rheological Properties of Polymer Solutions for Enhanced Oil Recovery”, “Modeling the Rheology of Two-phase Polymer Flow”, EAGE/IORNORWAY 2017T. L. Palmer, G. Baardsen & R. Skartlien, «Reduction of the effective shear viscosity in polymer solutions due to crossflow migration in microchannels: Effective viscosity models based on DPD simulations» J. Disp. Sci. Tech. , 2017 A. Hiorth, E. Jettestuen, C. M. Lawrence, M. V. Madland Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 104, 99-110 (2013) “Precipitation, dissolution, and ion exchange processes coupled with a lattice Boltzmann advection diffusion solver”

Large Scale Testing

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

De

grad

atio

n b

efo

re t

o a

fte

r ch

oke

, %

Differential pressure, bar

1 3630 1000 1 3630 2000 2 3630 1000 3 3630 2000

3 3630 1000 1 AN125 1000 1 AN125 2000 2 AN125 1000

2 AN125 2000 3 AN125 1000 1 3630 10000 1 3630 1000

4 3630 1000 5 3630 1000 Choke 1 1000 ppm Choke 1 2000 ppm

Choke 2 1000 ppm 10000 ppm

12 m

Stavland, Arne; Åsen, Siv Marie; Mebratu, A.; Gathier, Flavien. Impact of Choke Valves on the IOR Polymer Flooding: Lessons Learned from Large Scale Tests. IEA-EOR 2016 - 37th Annual Workshop & Symposium; 2016-09-18 - 2016-09-22 Stavland, Arne, “Choke shear study”, EAGE/IORNORWAY 2017 Workshop

Polymers push more oil out

Foto: Elisabeth Tønnessen

Ringen, Irene; Stiegler, Hjørdis; Nødland, Oddbjørn Mathias; Hiorth, Aksel; Stavland, Arne. Polymer flooding in sandpacks with a dual-porosity. SCA Annual Symposium; 2016-08-21 - 2016-08-26Opsahl, Eystein; Kommedal, Roald. Environmental Consequences of Polymer Flooding. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2Shogin, Dmitry; Amundsen, Per Amund; Hiorth, Aksel; Madland, Merete Vadla. Modelling the rheology of two-phase polymer flow. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2.Shogin, Dmitry; Amundsen, Per Amund; Hiorth, Aksel; Madland, Merete Vadla. Physical modelling of rheological properties of polymer solutions for enhanced oil recovery. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2Nødland, Oddbjørn Mathias; Lohne, Arild; Stavland, Arne; Hiorth, Aksel. A Model for Non-Newtonian Flow in Porous Media at Different Flow Regimes. I: ECMOR XV - Proceedings of 15th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 29 August - 1 September, 2016. European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2016 ISBN 978-94-6282-193-4Nødland, Oddbjørn Mathias; Lohne, Arild; Stavland, Arne; Hiorth, Aksel. Simulation of polymer mechanical degradation in radial well geometry. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2.

We make seawater smarter

M.V. Madland, A. Hiorth, R.I. Korsnes, S. Evje, L. Cathles, T. Hildebrand-Habel, E. Omdal & Megawati 2011a. Chemical alterations induced by rock-fluid interactions when injecting brines in high porosity chalks, Transp Porous Med (2011) 87:679–702 DOI 10.1007/s11242-010-9708-3Nermoen, Anders; Korsnes, Reidar Inge; Hiorth, Aksel; Madland, Merete Vadla. Porosity and permeability development in compacting chalks during flooding of non-equilibrium brines: Insights from long-term experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth 2015 10.1002/2014JB011631Anders Nermoen, Reidar Inge Korsnes, Olav Aursjø, Merete Vadla Madland, Trygve Alexander Carlsen Kjørslevik, Geir Østensen. How stress and temperature conditions affect rock-fluid chemistry and mechanical deformation. Frontiers in Physics, February 2016, volume 4, Article 2, doi:10.3389/fphy.206.00002Sachdeva, Jaspreet Singh; Nermoen, Anders; Madland, Merete Vadla; Korsnes, Reidar Inge. How Wetting Conditions Dictate Chalk Mechanics at Uni-axial Strain Conditions – Insights from Experiments Performed at In-situ Stress, Temperature and Pore Pressure. International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts; 2016-08-21 - 2016-08-26Nair, Remya; Protasova, Evgenia; Strand, Skule; Bilstad, Torleiv. Produced Water Treatment with Membranes for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2Nair, Remya; Protasova, Evgenia; Bilstad, Torleiv; Strand, Skule. Reuse of Produced Water by Membranes for Enhanced Oil Recovery. I: SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 26-28 September, Dubai, UAE. Society of Petroleum Engineers 2016 ISBN 978-1-61399-463-4Nair, Remya; Protasova, Evgenia; Strand, Skule; Bilstad, Torleiv. Re-injection of Produced Water for Enhanced Oil Recovery by Membranes. Desalination for the Environment: Clean Water and Energy

Combine multiphase models with chemistry - interpret & upscale lab experiments

Geochemistry

Polymer, Silicate

Surfactant

MEOR

Nanoparticles?

IORCoreSim(DOUCS)

Pore scale(LB & DPD)

IORSim

Geo-chemistry

Polymer, silicate

MEORSurfactant ?

OPM …+

OPM ECLIPSE

Hiorth, Aksel; Sagen, Jan; Lohne, Arild; Nossen, Jan; Vinningland, Jan Ludvig; Jettestuen, Espen; Sira, Terje. IORSim - A Simulator for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Multi-phase Geochemical Interactions at the Field Scale. I: ECMOR XV - Proceedings of 15th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 29 August - 1 September, 2016. European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2016 ISBN 978-94-6282-193-4Hiorth, Aksel; Sagen, Jan; Lohne, Arild; Omekeh, Aruoture Voke; Nossen, Jan; Haukås, Jarle; Sira, Terje. Simulation of sodium silicate water diversion using IORSim. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2.Hiorth, Aksel; Sagen, Jan; Lohne, Arild; Nossen, Jan; Omekeh, Aruoture Voke; Stavland, Arne; Haukås, Jarle; Sira, Terje. Simulating gelation of silica for in-depth reservoir plugging using IORSim as an add on tool to ECLIPSE. IEA EOR 2016

Generic case - Objectives• Optimal macroscopic sweep:

Avoid pre-mature breakthrough of injection fluid

• Optimal microscopic sweep: Minimal residual oil left behind in swept region

• Acceptable short term and long term environmental impact

• Cost effective solution

• Production optimization

InjectorInjector

Producer

Synthetic case inspired by real field data

Production Data

4D SeismicData

Tracer Data

Model

➢ Ensemble reservoir models

➢ Robust prediction and improved decision making

➢ Digitalization and Big Data

Improved reservoir modeling and forecasting

Ould Metidji, Mahmoud; Brichart, Thomas; Bjørnstad, Tor; Ferrando-Climent, Laura. New fluorescent tracers for SWCTT. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2Bhakta, Tuhin; Luo, Xiaodong; Nævdal, Geir. Estimation of Pressure-Saturation and Porosity Fields from Seismic AVA Data Using an Ensemble Based Method. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2. s. 1-24Eikrem, Kjersti Solberg; Jakobsen, Morten; Nævdal, Geir. Baysian inversion of time-lapse seismic waveform data using an integral equation method. I: 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery/IOR Norway 2017. : EAGE - European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2017 ISBN 978-94-6282-209-2Hong, Aojie; Bratvold, Reidar Brumer; Nævdal, Geir. Robust Production Optimization with Capacitance-Resistance Model as Precursor. I: ECMOR XV - Proceedings of 15th European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 29 August - 1 September, 2016. European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers 2016 ISBN 978-94-6282-193-4.Lorentzen, Rolf Johan; Stordal, Andreas S.; Luo, Xiaodong; Nævdal, Geir. Estimation of production rates using transient well flow modeling and the auxiliary particle filter – full-scale applications. SPE Production & Operations 2016 ;Volum 31.(2) s. 163-175Luo, Xiaodong; Bhakta, Tuhin; Jakobsen, Morten; Nævdal, Geir. An Ensemble 4D Seismic History Matching Framework with Sparse Representation Based on Wavelet Multiresolution Analysis. SPE Journal 2016Andersen, Pål Østebø; Evje, Steinar. A Model for Reactive Flow in Fractured Porous Media. Chemical Engineering Science 2016 ;Volum 145. s. 196-213Standnes, Dag Chun; Andersen, Pål Østebø. Analysis of the Impact of Fluid Viscosities on the Rate of Counter-Current Spontaneous Imbibition. Energy & Fuels 2017

Kilde: OG21 strategidokument

Larger scale testing- The vital step!