The Interpretation Method of Christ and

His Disciples

The Inductive Method

The Problem• There is ongoing discussion over whether

modern man can, or was ever intended to, understand God’s will for his life by reading scripture.– Some say the Holy Spirit speaks to each through

the Bible in a unique way.– They conclude it is not surprising we do not

understand the Bible alike or worship in the same way.

– They also believe that we are all on the way to heaven, though we use different paths.

– Scripture reveals Christ and his apostles had a quite different view of scriptural authority.

The Sadducees Trap

• The Sadducees did not believe in the spirit world, angels or life after death.

• They attempted to trap Jesus with a hypothetical question (Matthew 22:23-28)– A woman married a man and each of his 6

brothers as each, in turn, died childless (Levirate marriage described in Genesis 38:6-11; Deuteronomy 25:5-10)

– Then, the woman died– “Therefore, in the resurrection, whose wife of the

seven will she be? For they all had her.”

The Lord’s Answer

• The Pharisees assumed marriage continued in the resurrection and could not answer the dilemma presented.

• The Lord refuted it based on his own authority, stating that those in the resurrection are neither married nor given in marriage.

• Instead, in the resurrection, they would be like the angels (Matthew 22:29-30).

Examining the Doctrine• “…the basal principle of their infidelity was the

denial of spirits. It was, as it were, the tree trunk from which their other errors sprang as branches. If there were such things as spirits, it was not worth while to deny there was an order of them known as angels. If a man had a spirit which could survive the body, it was reasonable to believe that God, having so fashioned him that a body is essential to his activity and happiness, would in some manner restore a body to him” (J. W. McGarvey, The Fourfold Gospel, Cincinnati: The Standard Publishing Company, pp. 600-602).

The Tense of One Word• The Lord proved man has a spirit by using

the tense of one word (Matthew 22:31-32).– The word was in the Pentateuch, which the

Sadducees accepted as delivered by God through Moses (Exodus 3:6, 15).

– The Lord spoke to Moses of those who had been dead for a long time.

– Yet, Jesus asked, “But concerning the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what was spoken to you by God, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.”

The Sadducees Defeated• “But the Sadducees held that a dead man had

ceased to exist, that he had vanished to nothingness. According to their view, therefore, God had styled himself the God of nothing” (McGarvey).– Such a powerful argument based upon the tense

of one word could only be made by one who believed in the plenary verbal inspiration of the Bible.

– Further, it is evident the Lord believed God revealed his will in such a way that man can understand and use it to reason precisely the meaning and application in his daily pursuits.

The Road to Emmaus

• Jesus joined 2 disciples on their walk to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-24).– There was great confusion among the disciples

following the resurrection of Jesus.– Two on the road to Emmaus were talking about

reports concerning the same.– Jesus, unrecognized by them, asked what they were

talking about and why they were sad.– They marveled at his ignorance of the happenings in

Jerusalem, briefly reporting Jesus’ crucifixion, the women finding the empty tomb and the angel’s report that he was alive.

Jesus’ Response

• “Then He said to them, ‘O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken! Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?’ And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself” (Luke 24:25-27).

Reporting to the Eleven

• After breaking bread with them in Emmaus, their eyes were opened to recognize Jesus.

• When he vanished, they went back amazed to the 11 and those with them.

• They reported the Lord was risen and had appeared to Simon.

• They told how he was made known to them in the breaking of bread.

Jesus’ Words to the Assembly

• Jesus appeared, pronounced peace upon them, told them to handle his feet & hands to confirm he was flesh, not spirit and ate some food.

• “He then said to them, ‘These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me.’ And He opened their understanding, that they might comprehend the Scriptures” (Luke 24:36-45).

Choosing Matthias

• Peter stood in the midst of about 120 disciples and presented 2 verses.– Psalm 69:25– Psalm 109:8

• He reasoned from those verses that another should be chosen to take Judas’ place.

• Matthias was selected (Acts 1:15-26).

Peter’s Pentecost Presentation

• When the 12 began to speak in other languages, a multitude assembled wondering how it had happened (Acts 2:1-13).

• Peter said this is that spoken of by Joel (Acts 2:16-21; Joel 2:28-32).

• He said David foretold Jesus’ resurrection (Acts 2:25-32; Psalm 16:8-11).

• David also prophesied the Father would make Jesus the Christ (Acts 2:33-36; Psalm 110:1).

Stephen’s Sermon: Abraham

• God’s call and promise to Abraham– Called in Ur – Acts 7:2; Genesis 11:31-32– Called in Haran – Acts 7:3; Genesis 12:1– The move to Canaan – Acts 7:4; Genesis

12:5-7– The promised land and son – Acts 7:5;

Genesis 12:7; 13:15; 15:4, 18; 17:8; 26:3– Bondage in Egypt prophesied – Acts 7:6-7;

Genesis 15:13-14– Circumcision commanded – Acts 7:8;

Genesis 17:9-14; 21:1-5

Stephen on Joseph

• Joseph, sold by his brethren, but God was with him– Acts 7:9-10a; Genesis 37:26-28; in Potiphar’s

house 39:5; in prison 39:21-23; and in interpreting the prisoners’ dreams 40:6-23.

• Joseph, the governor of Egypt– Governor because of the wisdom God gave him

– Acts 7:10b; Genesis 41:1-43.– As governor, he met with his brothers and father

– Acts 7:11-14; Genesis 41:46-47:12.– Both Jacob and his sons were buried in Canaan

– Acts 7:15-16; Genesis 47:13-50:14.

Stephen on Moses Birth and Call to be a Deliverer

• The Pharaoh who knew not Joseph – Acts 7:17-19; Exodus 1:1-22.

• Moses’ birth and adoption – Acts 7:20-22; Exodus 2:1-10.

• Moses flees from Egypt to Midian – Acts 7:23-29; Exodus 2:11-22.

• Moses’ call to be God’s deliverer – Acts 7:30-35; Exodus 3:1-4:31.

God Brought Them Out

• Acts 7:36

• God showed wonders and signs in Egypt – Exodus 5:1-12:51.

• God showed wonders and signs in the Red Sea – Exodus 13:17-14:31.

• God showed wonders in the wilderness – Exodus 16:1-17:16; Leviticus 10:1-7; Numbers 11:1-2.

Stephen’s Comments on Moses

• Acts 7:37-41

• Moses prophesied God would raise up a prophet like him from among his brethren – Deuteronomy 18:15, 18-19.

• Moses received God’s word – Exodus 19:3.

• Yet the people would not follow God but asked Aaron to build an idol, which they worshiped – Exodus 32:1-6.

God Gave Israel Up

• Acts 7:42-44a

• God turned from his people and gave them up to worship idols devoted to all the heavenly host – Amos 5:25-27.

• Yet, they had the tabernacle witnessing to the true God, which was made according to the pattern – Exodus 25:40.

The Tabernacle and Temple

• Acts 7:45b-47• Israel had received the tabernacle and

taken it with them into the land of promise – Joshua 3:14; 18:1.– God drove the Gentiles out before them –

Joshua 23:9.

• David asked to build a temple for God, but God gave that task to Solomon – 2 Samuel 6:1-7:13; 1 Kings 6:1-38.

God Dwells in Heaven

• God Most High does not dwell in man made temples – Acts 7:48-50; 1 Kings 8:27; Isaiah 66:1-2; Psalm 102:25.

• Stephen concluded the Jews had always rejected God and his Spirit – Acts 7:51-53.– They persecuted the prophets.– They killed John the baptizer.– They betrayed and murdered the Just One,

having received the Law through angels, but refusing to keep it.

Lessons in the Response• The audience response stopped Stephen

before more could be said (Acts 7:54-60).– They perfectly understood the conclusions he was

drawing from a careful review of scripture and reacted violently.

– The stoning is evidence the inductive method can be used to understand God alike.

– It is further evidence that some will reject truth, even responding with violence.

– However, such rebellion does not prove the method is erroneous.

– Instead, it shows man continues to read God’s word and go his own way.