A colonial blacksmith (late 18th century).

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The American colonies developed economically and socially during the first half of the 18th century.

The Colonies Develop,17001753

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The Colonies Develop,17001753

New England: Commerce and Religion

The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

SECTION 4 The Backcountry

The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery

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Section 1

New England: Commerce and ReligionFishing and trade contributed to the growth and prosperity of the New England Colonies.

Distinct Colonial Regions Develop Between 17001750, colonial population

doubles, then doubles again

1SECTION

3 regions: New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies

New England: Commerce and Religion

Backcountryregion along Appalachian Mountains

Continued . . .NEXT

continued Distinct Colonial Regions Develop

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1SECTION

Several factors make each colonial region distinct

Southern Colonieswarm climate; good soil; use enslaved African labor

Middle Coloniesshort winters, fertile soil; settlers from all over Europe

New Englandcold weather, rocky soil; mostly English settlers

Backcountryclimate, resources vary; many Scots-Irish

The Farms and Towns of New England

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1SECTION

Subsistence farmingproduce enough for themselves, little extra to trade

Congregation settles the town, divides land to members of church

Farmers live near town because plots of land sold to Puritan congregation

Short growing season causes New Englanders to do subsistence farming

In towns, farmhouses center around greencentral square

Harvesting the Sea

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1SECTION

Fishing provides great economic opportunity in New England

Coastal cities like Boston, Salem, New Haven, Newport grow rich

New Englands fish, timber become valuable trading articles

New Englands forest provides wood for ships

http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/amer_hist_recon/resources/htmls/animations/seaport_anim/ah04_anim_neseaport.html

Atlantic Trade

1SECTION

New England has three types of trade: - with other colonies - direct exchange of goods with Europe - triangular trade

Triangular trade has three stops: - in Africa, trade goods for slaves - in West Indies, trade slaves for sugar,

molasses - take sugar, molasses back to New England

Continued . . .NEXT

http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/amer_hist_recon/resources/htmls/animations/ah04_anim_coltrade.html

continued Atlantic Trade

1SECTION

England passes Navigation Acts to get money from colonial trade (1651): - use English ships or ships made in English

colonies- sell products only to England and its

colonies - European imports to colonies must pass

through English ports - English officials tax colonial goods not

shipped to England

Continued . . .NEXT

1SECTION

Many colonial merchants ignore Navigational Acts

Importing or exporting goods illegallysmugglingis common

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continued Atlantic Trade

African Americans in New England

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1SECTION

Few slaves in New England; slavery not economical in region

Some enslaved persons save enough to buy freedom

Some slaves hired out to work; they can keep portion of wages

Some people in town have slaves: house servants, cooks, gardeners

Changes in Puritan Society

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1SECTION

In early 1700s, gradual decline of Puritan religion:- drive for economic success competes with

Puritan ideas - increasing competition from other religious

groups - legislation weakens Puritan community

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Section 2

The Middle Colonies: Farms and CitiesThe people who settled in the Middle Colonies made a society of great diversity.

A Wealth of Resources

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Immigrants from all over Europe come to Middle Colonies

2SECTION

Dutch and German farmers bring advanced agricultural methods

The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities

Long growing season, rich soil; grow cash cropscrops sold for money

The Importance of Mills

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2SECTION

Take corn, wheat, rye to gristmillcrush grain to make flour, meal

Use product to bake bread; gives colonists a lot of grain in their diet

The Cities Prosper

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2SECTION

Excellent harbors along coast ideal for cities

Trade also causes rapid growth in New York City

In Philadelphia trade thrives; wealth brings public improvement

Merchants in cities export cash crops, import manufactured goods

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2SECTION

Middle Colonies have remarkable diversity, or variety, of people

Diversity causes tolerance among people Many Germans arrive (17101740); good

farmers, craftspeople

A Diverse Region

German artisans, or craftspeople, are ironworkers; make glass, furniture

Build Conestoga wagonsgood for rough terrain; use to settle West

A Climate of Tolerance

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2SECTION

Dutch and Quakers practice religious tolerance

Quakers protest slavery

Quakers believe men and women are equal, have women preachers

African Americans in the Middle Colonies

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2SECTION

7 percent of Middle Colonies population are enslaved

In New York City, enslaved Africans do manual labor, assist artisans

Citys free African-Americans work as laborers, servants, sailors

Tensions lead to violence; in 1712, 24 slaves rebel; punished horribly

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The economy of the Southern Colonies relied heavily on slave labor.

Section 3

The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery

The Plantation Economy

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Soil, climate ideal for plantation crops; need a lot of workers to grow

3SECTION

Plantations self-sufficient; large cities rare in Southern Colonies

The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery

Growing plantation economy causes planters to use enslaved African labor

The Turn to Slavery

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3SECTION

In mid-1600s, Africans and European indentured servants work fields

Planters use more enslaved African laborers

Try to force Native Americans to work; they die of disease or run away

Indentured servants leave plantations and buy their own farms

By 1750, 235,000 enslaved Africans in America; 85 percent live in South

Plantations Expand

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3SECTION

Slavery grows, allows plantation farming to expand

Eliza Lucas introduces indigo as a plantation crop

Enslaved workers do back-breaking labor; make rice plantations possible

On high ground, planters grow indigoplant that yields a blue dye

The Planter Class

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3SECTION

Enslaved labor makes planters richer; planters form elite class

Planter class controls much land; gains economic, political power

Small farmers cannot compete, move west

Some planters are concerned about their enslaved workers welfare

Many planters are tyrants, abuse their enslaved workers

Life Under Slavery

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3SECTION

Planters hire overseers to watch over and direct work of slaves

Enslaved people live in small cabins, given meager food

Enslaved workers do exhausting work 15 hours a day in peak harvest

Africans preserve customs and beliefs from their homeland

3SECTION

Africans fight against enslavement; purposely work slowly, damage goods

Stono Rebellion (1739):- 20 slaves kill several planter families - join other slaves, seek freedom in Spanish-

held Florida - white militia captures rebellious slaves,

executes them

Resistance to Slavery

Continued . . .NEXT

NEXT

3SECTION

Stono and other rebellions lead planters to make slave codes stricter

Illegal for slaves to meet with free blacks

Slaves now forbidden from leaving plantations without permission

continued Resistance to Slavery

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Section 4

The BackcountrySettlers moved to the Backcountry because land was cheap and plentiful.

Geography of the Backcountry

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Appalachian Mountainseastern Canada south to Alabama

4SECTION

Backcountry in or near Appalachian Mountains Begins at fall linewhere waterfalls block

movement farther upriver

The Backcountry

Beyond fall line is piedmontplateau leads to Appalachian range

Backcountrys resources make farming possible

Backcountry Settlers

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4SECTION

First Europeans trade with Native Americans

Farmers live in log cabins made of logs with mud, moss filling

Then farmers follow, often clash with Native Americans

Many farmers go to Backcountry to escape plantation system

The Scots-Irish

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4SECTION

Scots-Irish come from the border area between Scotland and England

Form clanslarge groups of families with a common ancestor

To escape hardships, Scots-Irish head to Backcountry

Clan members suspicious of outsiders, band together against danger

Backcountry Life

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4SECTION

Backcountry farmers are isolated, depend on themselves

Women work in cabins, fields; learn to use guns and axes

Hunt, fish, grow corn to feed families, livestock

Other Peoples in North America

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4SECTION

Native Americans live in Americas for thousands of years

Spanish colonists bring horses to Americas; Native Americans start riding

France and Spain claim a lot of territory in North America

Backcountry settlers often fight with Native Americans

French traders afraid English settlers will move west, take away trade

In 1718 Spaniards build fort to guard mission (later renamed the Alamo)

Advanced US History Mr. Sarver

Chapter 4 Interactive Quiz/Game

For review purposes only