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New England Colonies~1620~
The Thirteen Colonies
Puritans
Most English people attended the Church of England
A group wanted to “purify” the religion to concentrate on the word of God found in the Bible
Persecuted in England for going against the church, called separatists
Separatists wanted to separate from the English church entirely, while Puritans wanted to purify it
William Bradford lead a group of wandering Puritans and seperatists( known as Pilgrims) to the Netherlands.
The Beginning of Change
September 1620~ Left Netherlands, felt like visitors
35 Pilgrims and 67 hired craftsmen
Headed for Virginia on Mayflower to start settlement
Blown off course, landed off Cape Cod on December 26th, 1620
Should they stay or sail down the coast to find VA?
Plimoth PlantationArea First discovered by Champlain
Mayflower Compact
Some wanted to go onto VA, some wanted to stay
Men had to sign an agreement before leaving the ship
Stated “for the good of the colony, everyone would obey the leaders and stay together to start a settlement”
Contract provided for a government and set laws for the colonists
Elected John Carver as first governor
Smoothe Sailing?
Winter, no time to plant
Ground not fertile, climate wet and cold
Hardships were many
sickness, half died
buried with unmarked graves
Indians~1621
Heard many frightening stories about
Weren’t expecting Samoset
Limited English
Asked to spend the night
Samoset
Algonkian chief
Squanto- Tisquantum
Learned English from traders
Became a trusted friend to the Pilgrims
Lessons from Squanto
Burying fish in the ground
Where wild herbs grew
Which berries and plants were safe to eat
Where to fish
How to hunt without guns
Served as translator, made peace treaty with Chief Massasoit (Wampanoag)~lasted until Massasoit’s death in 1661 (King Philip’s War began)
Could not have survived without Squanto!
Peace Treaty with Wampanoag Indians
Pilgrims and Wampanoag would never attack each other
Help defend each other from other attacks
No stealing
Return anything taken previously (tools and corn)
Change of Leadership
• John Carver died
• People chose William Bradford as the new Governor of Plimoth (Plymouth)
• To thank the Indians Bradford invited them to a harvest celebration
• Colony thrived and grew over the next 10 years
Massachusetts Bay Colony
1630
Another group of English colonists led by John Winthrop
Puritan communities grew and prospered
Established Harvard, first college in America for young men
Not all Puritans believed in harsh rules
Puritan Beliefs Lead to New Colonies
No dancing
No playing cards
Harsh punishments, locked in stocks, branded, or banished
Must belong to one church and follow all rules
Roger Williams
Disagreed with Puritan leaders and rules
Thought it wrong to take Algonquin land and to punish other’s for religious beliefs
Put on trial and to be sent back to England
Governor Winthrop let him slip away
1636~Began a new settlement in Rhode Island after getting a charter from England
First to separate government and religion
Anne Hutchinson
Came from England 1634
Believed each individual has a personal relationship with God whether Puritan or not
Took power away from ministers
Made women have a voice
Brought to trial and banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony ~1638
Fled to RI and then New York
Mary Dyer
Friend of Anne Hutchinson
Followed Quaker beliefs that all people were equally important to God
Banished from MA
Returned and continued spreading beliefs
Hanged on May 31, 1660
Maine Colony
Many Native American tribes prior to English and French exploration
1622 England gave Maine and NH to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason
1629 Split the land up. Gorges took Maine
1677 Massachusetts bought Maine from Gorge’s heirs
New Hampshire
Founded on a land grant in 1622
When split, Capt. John Mason took NH
Names NEW Hampshire after Hampshire England
Thomas HookerConnecticut
Puritan clergyman who was ordered to appear before the court for nonconformist preaching
Fled to Holland, finally to Newtown (Cambridge)
Had a disagreement with a Puritan leader and was banished
Went in 1636 to found Hartford Conn. along with approx. 86 others
Shared in writing the Fundamental Orders (1st constitution)
Middle Colonies
Colony of Pennsylvania
1681 Started by a Quaker, William Penn
Gave up wealth and prestige for religious freedom, left England
Asked King Charles II for a large piece of North America
Named land “Penn’s Woods”
Wrote the Charter of Liberties
New York
1624 Peter Minuit bought Manhattan from the Algonquin for $24
New Jersey
Delaware
Southern Colonies
Colony of Maryland
Started by a catholic, Lord Baltimore (George Calvert) seeking religious freedom
Provided a safe place to practice their religion