THE 5 THEMES THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHYOF GEOGRAPHY

DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHYDEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHY

ge·og·ra·phyge·og·ra·phy11 :: a science that deals a science that deals with the description, with the description, distribution, and distribution, and interaction of the diverse interaction of the diverse physical, biological, and physical, biological, and cultural features of the cultural features of the earth's surfaceearth's surfaceSource-Merriam Webster Collegiate DictionarySource-Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary

Where did it come from?Where did it come from?

►The five themes were written in 1984 The five themes were written in 1984 by the Joint Committee on Geographic by the Joint Committee on Geographic Education of the National Council for Education of the National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE) and the Geographic Education (NCGE) and the Association of American Geographers Association of American Geographers (AAG). They are outlined in greater (AAG). They are outlined in greater detail in the NCGE/AAG publication detail in the NCGE/AAG publication Guidelines for Geographic Education, Guidelines for Geographic Education, Elementary and Secondary Schools.Elementary and Secondary Schools.

THE FIVE THEMES OF THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHYGEOGRAPHY

►LocationLocation►PlacePlace►Human-Environment Human-Environment

InteractionInteraction►MovementMovement►RegionsRegions

LOCATIONLOCATIONWhere are we?Where are we?

►Absolute LocationAbsolute Location A latitude and longitude A latitude and longitude

(global location) or a street (global location) or a street address (local location).address (local location).

Paris France is 48Paris France is 48o o

North Latitude and North Latitude and 22oo East Longitude. East Longitude.

The White House is The White House is located at 1600 located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. Pennsylvania Ave.

►Relative Relative LocationLocation Described by Described by

landmarks, time, landmarks, time, direction or direction or distance. From distance. From one place to one place to another.another.

Go 1 mile west Go 1 mile west on main street on main street and turn left for and turn left for 1 block.1 block.

LatitudeLatitude

► Latitude:Latitude: ““I'm climbing the Ladder of I'm climbing the Ladder of

latitudes, latitudes, latitudes. latitudes, latitudes, latitudes. I'm climbing the ladder of I'm climbing the ladder of

latitudes, all around the latitudes, all around the world.”world.”

Latitude is measured from Latitude is measured from the equator, with positive the equator, with positive values going north and values going north and negative values going south.negative values going south.

LongitudeLongitude

► Longitude:Longitude: ““It's a LONG, LONG way It's a LONG, LONG way

from pole to pole, pole to from pole to pole, pole to pole, pole to polepole, pole to poleIt's a LONG, LONG way It's a LONG, LONG way from pole to pole, so we from pole to pole, so we call those LONGITUDES.”call those LONGITUDES.”

Longitude is measured Longitude is measured from the Prime Meridian from the Prime Meridian (which is the longitude, (which is the longitude, with positive values going with positive values going east and negative values east and negative values going west. going west.

► Latitude and Longitude GridLatitude and Longitude Grid► Combining latitude and longitude results in a grid that Combining latitude and longitude results in a grid that

covers the globe. Every point can be defined by a covers the globe. Every point can be defined by a north/south degree and an east/west degree. north/south degree and an east/west degree.

► For example, Seattle, Washington, USA is at latitude 47° For example, Seattle, Washington, USA is at latitude 47° North and longitude 122° West. From the center of the North and longitude 122° West. From the center of the earth, look up 46° from the equator and turn right (west) earth, look up 46° from the equator and turn right (west) 122° from the Prime Meridian and you will be looking 122° from the Prime Meridian and you will be looking right at Seattle. right at Seattle.

PLACEPLACE

What is it like there, what kind of place is it?What is it like there, what kind of place is it?

►Human Human CharacteristicCharacteristicss

►What are the main What are the main languages, languages, customs, and customs, and beliefs?beliefs?

►How many people How many people live, work, and visit live, work, and visit a place?a place?

►Physical Physical CharacteristicCharacteristicss

►Landforms Landforms (mountains, (mountains, rivers, etc.), rivers, etc.), climate, climate, vegetation, vegetation, wildlife, soil, etc.wildlife, soil, etc.

PLACEPLACE

►What kind of place is it?  What do you think of What kind of place is it?  What do you think of when you imagine China?  Egypt? Mexico? when you imagine China?  Egypt? Mexico?

► Places have both Places have both humanhuman and and physicalphysical characteristics, as well as images. characteristics, as well as images.

► PhysicalPhysical characteristics include mountains, characteristics include mountains, rivers, soil, beaches, wildlife, soil.   rivers, soil, beaches, wildlife, soil.  

► Places have Places have humanhuman characteristics also.  characteristics also.  These characteristics are derived from the These characteristics are derived from the ideas and actions of people that result in ideas and actions of people that result in changes to the environment, such as changes to the environment, such as buildings, roads, clothing, and food habits. buildings, roads, clothing, and food habits.

PLACEPLACE►Place is a theme of geography that

conjures up a mental picture of a place with people going about their everyday lives in the familiar environment. Place is the personality of geography.

►How is your hometown connected to other How is your hometown connected to other places?  places? 

►What are the human and physical What are the human and physical characteristics of Gilbert? characteristics of Gilbert? 

►How do these shape our lives? How do these shape our lives?

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONINTERACTION

►How do humans and the How do humans and the environment affect each other?environment affect each other? We depend on it.We depend on it.

►People depend on the Colorado River for People depend on the Colorado River for water.water.

We modify it.We modify it.►People modify our environment by People modify our environment by ►heating and cooling buildings for comfort.heating and cooling buildings for comfort.

We adapt to it.We adapt to it. ►We adapt to the environment by wearing We adapt to the environment by wearing

clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.winter (coats), rain and shine.

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONINTERACTION

► All places on Earth have advantages and All places on Earth have advantages and disadvantages for human settlement.  One disadvantages for human settlement.  One person's advantage may be another person's advantage may be another person's disadvantage.  person's disadvantage. 

► Some like the excitement of large cities Some like the excitement of large cities whereas others prefer remoteness.   whereas others prefer remoteness.   Environment is not just trees, spotted owls, Environment is not just trees, spotted owls, and rain forests.  Environment is a feeling. and rain forests.  Environment is a feeling. 

► What is the environment of a big city?  What is the environment of a big city?  Boston?  Los Angeles?  Dallas? Boston?  Los Angeles?  Dallas?

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONINTERACTION

►Given the choice, where would you Given the choice, where would you live?  Why?  What is the live?  Why?  What is the environment?  How do people environment?  How do people interact with the environment?  How interact with the environment?  How do the physical features affect us? do the physical features affect us?

►How have we adapted to or changed How have we adapted to or changed our landscape? our landscape? The construction of Hoover Dam on the Colorado River, for example, changed the natural landscape, but it also created a reservoir that helps provide water and electric power for the arid Southwest.

Higley, AZ - ThenHigley, AZ - Then

Higley, AZ - NowHigley, AZ - Now

MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

►How are people, goods, ideas moved How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place?from place to place? Human MovementHuman Movement

►Trucks, Trains, PlanesTrucks, Trains, Planes

Information MovementInformation Movement►Cell Phones, computer (email), mailCell Phones, computer (email), mail

Idea MovementIdea Movement►How do fads move from place to place? How do fads move from place to place?

TV, Radio, MagazinesTV, Radio, Magazines

MOVEMENTMOVEMENT► The movement of people, the import and export of The movement of people, the import and export of

goods, and mass communication have all played major goods, and mass communication have all played major roles in shaping our world.  People everywhere interact.  roles in shaping our world.  People everywhere interact.  They travel from place to place and they communicate.  They travel from place to place and they communicate.  We live in a global village and global economy. We live in a global village and global economy.

► People interact with each other through movement.  People interact with each other through movement.  Humans occupy places unevenly on Earth because of Humans occupy places unevenly on Earth because of the environment but also because we are social beings.  the environment but also because we are social beings.  We interact with each other through travel, trade, We interact with each other through travel, trade, information flows (E-Mail) and political events. information flows (E-Mail) and political events.

► Not only do humans move but also ideas move; fashions Not only do humans move but also ideas move; fashions move; fads move.  What is an example of an idea that move; fads move.  What is an example of an idea that moves?  Fashion?  Fad?  How do we depend on people in moves?  Fashion?  Fad?  How do we depend on people in other places?   How would our lives change if our other places?   How would our lives change if our movement options changed?  What would happen if we movement options changed?  What would happen if we traveled by camel or horse?  How do we move from traveled by camel or horse?  How do we move from place to place?  How do we actually get food? place to place?  How do we actually get food?

REGIONSREGIONS

►A A regionregion is the basic unit of study in is the basic unit of study in geography.  A geography.  A regionregion is an area that is is an area that is similar in terms of the government, similar in terms of the government, language, or possibly the landform or language, or possibly the landform or situation.  situation. 

►Regions are human constructs that Regions are human constructs that can be mapped and analyzed. can be mapped and analyzed.

►There are 3 basic types of regions: There are 3 basic types of regions: Formal regions, Functional regions, & Vernacular regions.

REGIONSREGIONS

► How are Regions similar to and different How are Regions similar to and different from other places?from other places? Formal RegionsFormal Regions

►Regions defined by governmental or Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities)Countries, Cities)

►Regions defined by similar characteristics Regions defined by similar characteristics (Southwest region, Rocky Mountain region, (Southwest region, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown).Chinatown).

Functional RegionsFunctional Regions►Regions defined by a function (newspaper Regions defined by a function (newspaper

service area, cell phone coverage area).service area, cell phone coverage area). Vernacular RegionsVernacular Regions

►Regions defined by peoples perception Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the southwest, etc.)(middle east, the southwest, etc.)

REGIONSREGIONS

► What region do we What region do we live in?  What type of live in?  What type of region is it?  What are region is it?  What are its characteristics?    its characteristics?    

► What states do you What states do you define as the South?  define as the South?  The Northeast?  The The Northeast?  The Bible Belt?  What Bible Belt?  What characteristics and characteristics and perceptions go along perceptions go along with these regions? with these regions?

Remembering the 5 themesRemembering the 5 themes

► If you can’t remembering what they If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!!are just ask MR. HELP!!!

►MM – Movement – Movement►RR – Regions – Regions►HEHE – Human Environment – Human Environment

interactioninteraction►LL – Location – Location►PP - Place - Place

ReviewReview

Why is it Important?Why is it Important?

►The 5 Themes of Geography are used in Social The 5 Themes of Geography are used in Social Studies and History lessons throughout the Studies and History lessons throughout the school year. school year.

►You need to be familiar with each theme of You need to be familiar with each theme of geography, provide examples of each, and geography, provide examples of each, and understand its importance.understand its importance.

►Geographers use the 5 Themes of Geography to Geographers use the 5 Themes of Geography to study and learn about the world.study and learn about the world.

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Take a QuizTake a Quiz

http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=five-themes-geography_2

5 Themes of Geography Poster Project

► Pass out project description and review expectations with students.