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OFFICERS AND BOARD OF TRUSTEESRobert L. Freedman, Chairman
Bruce H. Hooper, Samuel J. Savitz, John M. Templeton, Jr., Vice ChairsCharles B. Grace, TreasurerHarvey Sicherman, President
Alan H. Luxenberg, Vice President
Richard P. Brown, Jr.
W. W. Keen Butcher
Elise W. Carr
Robert E. Carr
Ahmed Charai
John Gilray Christy
Gerard Cuddy
Edward M. Dunham, Jr.
Robert A. Fox
James H. Gately
Frank Giordano
Barbara J. Gohn
Susan H. Goldberg
Jack O. Greenberg, M.D.
Hon. Alexander M. Haig, Jr.
John R. Haines
N. Peter Hamilton
Hon. John Hillen
Graham Humes
Scott M. Jenkins
Hon. John F. Lehman
Richard B. Lieb
David Lucterhand
David H. Marshall
I. Wistar Morris III
Ronald J. Naples
Shaun F. O’Malley
Marshall W. Pagon
James M. Papada III
John Piasecki
Alan L. Reed
Eileen Rosenau
J. G. Rubenstein
Lionel Savadove
Adele K. Schaeffer
Edward L. Snitzer
Bruce D. Wietlisbach
Hon. Dov S. Zakheim
James Courter
Midge Decter
Samuel P. Huntington
Robert D. Kaplan
Bernard Lewis
William H. McNeill
Martin Peretz
James R. Thompson
Richard Thornburgh
Murray Weidenbaum
Board of Advisors
Foreign Policy Research Institute1528 Walnut Street, Suite 610 • Philadelphia, PA 19102-3684
Tel. 215-732-3774 • Fax 215-732-4401E-Mail [email protected] • www.fpri.org
FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
2008 A2008 ANNUNNUALAL RREPOREPORTT
PRESENTING SPONSORSOF
THE 2008 ANNUAL DINNER
AAHMEDHMED CCHARAIHARAI
N. PN. PETERETER HHAMILAMILTTONON
DDRSRS . J. JOHNOHN & J& JOSEPOSEP HINEHINE TTEMPLETEMPLETONON
FPRI’s MISSION
FPRI is devoted to bringing the insights of scholarship tobear on the development of policies that advance U.S.national interests. We add perspective to events by fittingthem into the larger historical and cultural context ofinternational politics. We conduct research on pressingissues—homeland security and the war on terror, developmentsin the Middle East, nuclear proliferation in South Asia andNortheast Asia, relations with China, Russia, and Japan—andlong-term questions—the role of religion in internationalpolitics and the nature of Western identity and its implicationsfor the U.S. and the Atlantic Alliance. We publish a quarterlyjournal, Orbis, and books and bulletins drawing on our researchfindings and conferences. We educate the public through ourpublications, seminars, and presentations. In this way, we servethe community and the nation, the policymakers and theeducators, Wall Street and Main Street.
THE 2008 ANNUAL DINNER
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The Foreign Policy Research Institute’s
2008 ANNUAL DINNERFeaturing the presentation of
THE 4TH ANNUAL
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN PUBLIC SERVICE AWARD
to
HON. JOHN R. BOLTON
Address following the Presentation
Thursday, November 13, 2008
The Westin Hotel – Philadelphia99 South 17th Street at Liberty Place
Chair, Annual Dinner: John M. TempletonChair, Special Events: Susan H. Goldberg
Chairman of the Board: Robert L. Freedman
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THE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AWARD FOR PUBLIC SERVICE
FPRI seeks to bring the best of scholarship to bear on foreign policy issues andemphasizes the importance of public service on behalf of the nation. These twoelements are also symbolized by the career of Benjamin Franklin, who devotedhimself from an early age to public service and to resolving problems throughobjective analysis, drawing upon the best knowledge available. Franklin’sinternational career culminated in his role as a diplomat whose work provedcrucial in securing American independence.
In 2005, on the occasion of FPRI’s 50th anniversary and on the eve of BenjaminFranklin’s 300th birthday, we presented the first annual Benjamin FranklinAward for Public Service, to honor Americans whose public service exemplifiesthe ideals of Benjamin Franklin and the United States. That first award waspresented to Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, the second to Charles Krauthammer, andthe third to Philip Zelikow. This year, the trustees of FPRI are pleased todesignate John R. Bolton as the fourth honoree.
JOHN R. BOLTON
John Bolton, the former U.S. Ambassador to theUN, has a long history of public service, holdingsuch positions as Undersecretary of State for ArmsControl and International Security, AssistantSecretary for International Organization Affairs atthe Department of State, Assistant Attorney Generalin the U.S. Department of Justice, and AssistantAdministrator for Program and Policy Coordinationfor the US Agency for International Development.
He is a Senior Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and received his J.D.from Yale Law School. His memoir of his time at the UN, Surrender Is Not anOption, was published in November 2007 by Simon and Schuster.
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PROGRAM
Welcoming Remarks – John M. Templeton Jr.
Musical Presentation by Members of the
U.S. Army Band “Pershing’s Own”
DinnerPresentation of the 4th Annual
Benjamin Franklin Public Service Award
to Hon. John R. Bolton
by Robert L. Freedman, Chairman, Harvey Sicherman, President, Susan H. Goldberg, Special Events Chair, and John M. Templeton, Jr.
Keynote Address – John R. Bolton
Closing Remarks – John M. Templeton, Jr.
Musical Presentation by Members of the
U.S. Army Band “Pershing’s Own”
Adjournment
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2008 FPRI PARTNERS(Fulfilled/Pledged as of October 22, 2008)
PRESENTING SPONSORSAHMED CHARAI
N. PETER HAMILTON
DRS. JOHN AND JOSEPHINE TEMPLETON
Beneficial BankRichard P. Brown, Jr.
Robert Carr and Patricia AnninoThe Cotswold Foundation
Gerard CuddyHenry GarsonJohn R. Haines Peter Halpern
Halpern AssociatesI. Wistar Morris III
William Penn FoundationAlan L. Reed
Jerry and Bernice RubensteinSam and Selma Savitz
The Savitz Organization Adele K. Schaeffer
Booz Allen Hamilton Ronald J. Naples
Quaker Chemical CompanyHon. Dov S. Zakheim
G O L D
DIAMOND PLUS
DIAMOND
Boeing Co.Robert and Diane Freedman
Prudent Management Associates Edward and Gail Snitzer
PLATINUM
W. W. Keen Butcher Bruce and Eileen Hooper
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Elise W. CarrDechert LLP
James H. GatelyStanley Ginsburg
Frank M. GiordanoThe Glenmede Trust Company N.A.
Susan and Woody GoldbergDr. and Mrs. Jack O. Greenberg
Hon. John Hillen
Graham Humes Hon. John F. Lehman
Newell FoundationShaun F. O’Malley
Petrucci Family FoundationEileen RosenauLionel Savadove
Bruce and Binney Wietlisbach
Aqua America, Inc.Ashbridge Investment Management
John H. BallRichard Berkman
Irvin J. Borowsky and Laurie WagmanJonas Brachfeld Cephalon, Inc.
Michael Olin ClarkCMS Companies
Joseph J. Hill David Hoffman Jerome Kaplan James Kurth
Legg Mason Investment CounselMurray S. Levin
Thomas C. Lynch George Patterson
Pepper Hamilton LLP John W. Piasecki
Piasecki Aircraft Corp.Dr. Harry Rosenthal
Thomas Ruth Stephen Segal
Murray H. ShustermanPaul Silberberg
Terry and Anita Steen George Strawbridge, Jr.
Technitrol Inc.Carroll Weinberg
Robert G. Williams
B R O N Z E
S I LV E R
We also thank our Dinner Supporters
We are pleased also to thank the following individuals for their support of FPRI’sNamed Lectures: W. W. Keen Butcher, Robert Carr, Robert A. Fox, Susan and
Woody Goldberg, Rocco Martino, Harry Robinson, and John M. Templeton Jr.
James AggerWinston ChurchillCarpenter Dewey
Nancy Gilboy Richard and Mary GrahamMr. and Mrs. Harry E. Hill
Robert KleinJoseph. H. Levine
David and Sandy Marshall
George Patterson, Jr.William PotsicJohn S. Price
Robert N. ReevesBob SaldichEdwin Seave
Allen J. SimpsonGeorge P. SteeleJoseph Zuritsky
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2008 FPRI HIGHLIGHTS
Highlights of FPRI’s research, publications, events, and media coverage over the pastyear are presented below by major programmatic areas.
A NEW AMERICAN STRATEGY
America needs a long-term national strategy to meet the challenges to its security.These include not only terrorism but also the changing foreign policies ofcountries such as Russia and China and the effects of globalization. HarveySicherman, president of FPRI and a former aide to three U.S. secretaries of state,has completed his book manuscript Cheap Hawks, Cheap Doves, and the Pursuitof American Strategy (Prentice Hall, forthcoming), which addresses our nationalsecurity imperative from a geopolitical and historical perspective.
Among Dr. Sicherman’s speaking engagements this year, in February, he was apanelist, with Martin Indyk and Michael Oren, at the Washington Institute forNear East Policy’s special policy forum on “The Final Year: End-of-TermPresidents and the Middle East.” In June, he gave the keynote address to the NearEast South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA) on American foreign policy.
CENTER ON TERRORISM, COUNTERTERRORISM,AND HOMELAND SECURITY Co-chairs: Stephen Gale and Michael Radu
This Center, founded after 9/11, studies international terrorism, examinescritical vulnerabilities in America’s infrastructure, and suggests ways to improvehomeland security.
Pennsylvania Governor Edward G. Rendell gave the keynote talk at the Center’sconference on “Energy Security in Pennsylvania and the Nation” inDecember 2007.
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On May 8-9, FPRI hosted the 8th Transatlantic Editors Roundtable,“Reviving Transatlantic Cooperation: A Roundtable on Terrorism, InternationalOrder, and Global Challenges.” These roundtables are held biannually andinclude transatlantic foreign affairs journal editors. FPRI co-sponsored the eventwith the Center for Applied Policy Research in Munich; the German MarshallFund and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania supported the event. About 20editors of foreign policy journals met to debate key questions regarding thefuture of transatlantic relations with policy makers, analysts, and journalists. Theconference highlighted current challenges as well as future options for a closecooperation between Europe and America.
The Center also offers briefings on the war on terror supported in part by a grantfrom the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. These briefings are offered as a publicservice (free and open to the public). In 2008, it presented the following talks:
What Students Should Know About 9/11 and the War on Terrorism, two45-minute webcasts for secondary school classes, featuring FPRI SeniorFellow Lawrence Husick and Adam Garfinkle, editor of The AmericanInterest. More than 100 schools from around the country participated; somelocal students participated as our “live studio audience.”
Michael Horowitz, University of Pennsylvania, on the History of SuicideTerrorism
Jonathan Weinberger, former Senior Counselor for Terrorist Financingand Financial Crimes, U.S. Treasury, on De-funding Terrorism
The War on Terrorism: A collection of FPRI essays, 2001-2007 (Harvey Sicherman, Stephen Gale and Michael Radu,eds.) was released on September 11, 2007; it was reissued inFall 2008 by Transaction Publishers as The War on Terrorism:21st-Century Perspectives.
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In November 2007, Dr. Radu taught both military and civilian students at theUniversidad Sergio Arboleda in Bogota on counterterrorism/counterinsurgency.His Europe’s Ghost: Tolerance, Jihadism and Their Consequences is forthcomingfrom Encounter Press. Radu appeared this year in or on Army Times, BBC World,FrontPage.com, Radio Liberty (New York), Radio Romania, Romania Libera, andRzecspospolita (Poland’s largest newspaper) on issues including West Africa narco-trafficking, extremist websites, the Colombian hostage rescue, Vladimir Putinand Dmitri Medvedev, the Russia-Georgia conflict, Serbian fugitive RadovanKaradzic, President Bush’s European tour, NATO, arms dealer Victor Bout, andKosovo. In November 2008, Dr. Radu was a guest on Comcast’s Larry KaneVoice of Reason, which broadcasts from Maine to Virginia.
In October 2008, Dr. Gale spoke on “Evaluating the Terrorist Threat to OurCritical Infrastructure” at the Securities Industry and Financial MarketsAssociation Business Continuity Planning Conference in New York City.
Senior Fellow Marc Sageman’s Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-first Century (Univ. of Pennsylvania Press), published in December 2007, hasbeen reviewed extensively, including in Foreign Affairs and the New York Times.Dr. Sageman was interviewed for a November 2007 cover article in the New YorkTimes magazine (“Where Boys Grow Up to Be Jihadis,” by Andrea Elliott)Among other media coverage, he was quoted in January in the Economist; hiswork was featured in “The Fading Jihadists” by David Ignatius (Washington Post,February 28); he was interviewed by NPR in spring, and interviewed for “Jihadistudies: The obstacles to understanding radical Islam and the opportunities toknow it better,” Thomas Hegghammer, Times of London. His own “TheHomegrown Young Radicals of Next-Gen Jihad” was published in theWashington Post on June 8, 2008.
Senior Fellow Abdullah Schleifer was quoted in “Younger Muslims Tune In toUpbeat Religious Message,” Kevin Sullivan, Washington Post, December 2007; inthe New York Times in a January article on al Jazeera; and in “Egypt’s GrandMufti Counters the Tide of Islamic Extremism,” U.S. News and World Report,March 2008. In August he gave a lecture on “Muslim Christian Dialogue: WhereDo We Go From Here?” in Washington, D.C., for the Center for the Study ofIslam and Democracy and the RUMI Forum.
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Among other media appearances, Senior Fellow Ed Turzanski was cited in“Local Pakistani Community Reacts To Bhutto’s Assassination,” MyFoxPhiladelphia in January, and in March in the Los Angeles Times on a thwartedChinese terror plot. In Fall he was named to Philadelphia Mayor MichaelNutter’s newly created Ethics Task Force.
In February, Center executive director Gregory Montanaro worked with theU.S. House of Representatives Committee on House Administration to bringthe U.S. Capitol Police to Philadelphia to conduct a daylong briefing to local lawenforcement on the latest technologies and methodologies for preventingterrorism and ensuring effective security.
CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF AMERICA AND THEWEST – Chair: Walter McDougall
The Center for the Study of America and the West conducts research to answerthe question, what is “the West”? It also publishes original works, runs a studygroup, and sponsors a History Institute for Teachers that serves high schoolteachers from around the country.
This past year, the following papers were commissioned for and presented atthe Center’s inter-university study group, now chaired by Michael Noonan:
– February – Conservative Versus Liberal Views of Europe and the EU,Ronald J. Granieri, University of Pennsylvania
– April – European Perspectives on Jihadist Terrorism, British author andhistorian Michael Burleigh
– October - Future Warfare and U.S. Defense Policy, Michael Horowitz,University of Pennsylvania
The Center also co-sponsored with the American Council on Germany twoluncheon presentations: “Russia: Where Is It Headed?” by Klaus Segbers,Osteuropa Institut and Free University of Berlin, and “U.S.-EuropeanRelations,” by Harvey Sicherman.
The second volume of Dr. McDougall’s U.S. history,Throes of Democracy: The American Civil War Era,1829–1877, was published in March 2008(HarperCollins). Reviewer comments include:
“Pulitzer Prize winner Walter A. McDougall has writtenan exciting new multifaceted synthesis of Americanhistory between 1829 and 1877. Mr. McDougall writesvividly, often in a breezy, colloquial style. But…McDougall’s history is not dumbed down.” DanielWalker Howe, New York Sun, April 9, 2008
“The larger lesson he presents of democracy’s travails is timely and apt. MostAmericans justifiably applaud their forebears’ accomplishments in buildinga prosperous democratic republic, and McDougall joins them. He declaresthe United States the ‘greatest success story in history.’ Yet his tale delivers apoignant reminder that success didn’t come easily, and that democracy wasn’tbuilt in a year, or a decade, or even a generation.” H.W. Brands, AmericanInterest, July-August 2008.
“This exciting account of a brawling, chaotic era in American life is asignificant contribution to American studies.… Few American historianshave thought as carefully about the problems of big narrative history asMcDougall has; this extraordinary book will be equally helpful to theneophyte struggling to grasp the chronological flow of nineteenth-centuryAmerican history and to more accomplished scholars looking for insightsinto a turbulent and critical period of American history.” Walter RussellMead, Foreign Affairs, September/October 2008
McDougall’s book tour included a March interview with John Miller onNational Review Online Radio and a segment on C-Span’s BookTV. Excerpts ofThroes appeared in the April issue of First Things and in the July-August issue ofthe University of Pennsylvania’s Gazette.
The year also saw publication of James Kurth’s new edition of CarleZimmerman’s 1947 Family and Civilization, by ISI.
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PROGRAM ON NATIONAL SECURITY Chair: The Hon. John F. Lehman, Jr.; Director: Michael Noonan
What is the best military strategy for conducting the war on terror? How shouldU.S. forces be organized to provide for the common defense? FPRI helps answerthese and other important national security questions through research,conferences, and publications.
This year the Program on National Security has held numerous public and selectbriefings, including talks by Thomas Mahnken, Deputy Assistant Secretary ofDefense for Policy Planning, on the new National Defense Strategy, and AndrewExum on Hezbollah’s military strategy.
In October the Program cosponsored, with the Reserve Officers Associationand London’s Royal United Services Institute for Defense and SecurityStudies, a Press Briefing in Washington, D.C. on “Afghanistan: Is It Winnable?”RUSI panelists included Prof. Michael Clarke and Rear Admiral Chris ParryCBE.
The Program’s fellows helped to bring the best of scholarship to bear on policydebates through individual publication and through public speaking and mediaappearances. Michael Noonan gave talks in London, UK, and Ft. Leavenworth,Kansas, on counterinsurgency and advising foreign militaries and commented onmilitary matters in, among other places, the Philadelphia Inquirer, European Stars& Stripes, Marine Corps Times, Philadelphia Bulletin, and the Kansas City Star.Senior Fellow Frank Hoffman published an influential monograph Conflict inthe 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars through the Potomac Institute forPolicy Studies and had several well-received articles in the Armed Forces Journal.Orbis editor and Senior Fellow Mackubin Owens wrote on “America’s LongWar(s)” for FPRI’s E-Notes and had several other important pieces in outlets suchas the Wall Street Journal and National Review Online, where he is a contributingeditor.
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The next year will see a continuation of the Program’s activities through research,publication, and education. The Program is organizing a major conference forearly 2009 on national security “showstoppers” for the new administration.
“We cannot have an intelligent debate on defense spending without lookingat the strategic picture and looking at all of our national securityrequirements. We should not reduce defense spending in the near term as areflex action, nor should we continue to reflexively invest in raw militarypower or conventional capabilities. If there is one lesson from the ongoingLong War, it is that there is more to national security than armed mightand traditional war-fighting capabilities. Given the painful cost of thislesson, it is incumbent upon our national leaders to understand and actupon it wisely.… The time for hard choices will come back to hauntdecisions made today that do not account for truly strategic prioritiesand disciplined requirements, and not just historical patterns andfixed formulas. Thinking strategically always involves choices andtradeoffs and a rigorous evaluation of risk. There is nothingformulaic to it—or at least there should not be.” FPRI SeniorFellow Frank Hoffman, “Strategic Security Spending,” ArmedForces Journal, March 2008.
ASIA PROGRAM Director: Jacques deLisle
FPRI’s Asia Program promotes debate and analysis of the many importantdevelopments in this vital region.
In February, the Program presented “East Asian Security: A Trip Report,” bySenior Fellow Arthur Waldron, who was a guest of Japan’s Foreign Ministry fortwo weeks in December 2007. His visit included an unusual visit to Okinawaand the Sakishima Islands. The Japan Self Defense Forces also provided aChinook helicopter and crew to take Waldron and his Japanese colleagues on a
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rare flyover of the Senkaku islands, which are also claimed by China. He alsospent four days in Taiwan, where he met with top strategic analysts, and visitedthe Penghu/Pescadores Islands in the Taiwan Strait. Waldron’s report, includingextraordinary video, presented new insights into the strategic significance of thenortheast Asian states.
The Program’s April 2008 annual conference considered Political Transitionsand Foreign Policy in East Asia. This year, new presidents were elected or tookoffice in the U.S., Taiwan, and the ROK; Japan selected a new prime minister inSeptember 2007. These polities also all saw, or soon would see, legislativeelections. The conference considered the implications of election-producedchanges in leadership and regime transformations. The keynote address, “TheDemocratic Prospect in East Asia,” was given by Carl Gershman, president ofthe National Endowment for Democracy.
In April the Program also co-sponsored the Philadelphia presentation ofNationwide China Town Hall: Local Connections, National Reflections.This event provided an opportunity for participants to learn about the U.S.-China relationship and have the questions answered by leading China specialists.Norman Ornstein of the American Enterprise Institute gave the main talk.Following the national portion of the program, the Philadelphia on-site specialistwas Adam Segal of the CFR, author of Digital Dragon: High TechnologyEnterprise in China; FPRI’s Jacques deLisle was an on-site specialist for theTown Hall in Houston.
The Program’s Study Group also hosted talks this year by:
▪ Andrew Mertha, Washington University, on The Evolution of Capitalismand Innovation in China.
▪ Jacqueline Newmyer, FPRI Senior Fellow and CEO of the Long TermStrategy Group, on the Implications of China’s Military Buildup.
▪ Peter Gries, University of Oklahoma, on Problems of Perception andMisperception in U.S.-China Relations.
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In September the Program hosted the Fifth Annual four-day TrilateralConference (Shanghai-Tokyo-Philadelphia), sponsored by the ShanghaiInstitute of International Relations, the Japan Institute of International Affairs,the New World Institute (VA), and FPRI. These conferences offer anopportunity to explore on an unofficial basis key security and economic issuesaffecting the three countries.
On deLisle’s summer trip to Beijing,Shanghai, Taipei, and Hong Kong,he gave eight lectures, two in eachcity. He was also interviewed on theBeijing Olympics by Yahoo! News,the Christian Science Monitor,Philadelphia Inquirer, Wall StreetJournal, and Washington Times, and
appeared in the “Taiwan: Opportunities and Challenges” segment of the PBSTV series, “Asian America.”
On July 8, one month before the opening of the BeijingOlympics, de Lisle moderated a preview screening at theNational Constitution Center of parts of Discovery Channel’sfour-part series examining contemporary China, Koppel onDiscovery: The People’s Republic of Capitalism, anddiscussion about the U.S.-China relationship. On August 7, onthe eve of the Olympics, the Asia Program held a telephone
briefing on China and the Olympics with panelists deLisle, Monroe Price andAmy Gadsden. DeLisle also spoke to Radio Times and WHYY on this. Owningthe Olympics (Feb. 08), edited by Price and including a chapter by deLisle, madeSlate’s short list of books to read about the Games.
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DeLisle also contributed chapters to LarryDiamond and Bruce Gilley, eds., PoliticalChange in China: Comparisons with Taiwan(Lynne Rienner, 2008), and China’s ChangingPolitical Landscape: Prospects for Democracy(Brookings, 2008).
FPRI Senior Fellow Gilbert Rozman co-edited (with In-Taek Hyun and Shin-wha Lee) South Korean Strategic Thought toward Asia (Palgrave, April 2008).
On August 4, deLisle participated in an Atlantic Council (Washington, D.C.)panel discussion on “Negotiating Cross-Strait Relations: Security andPolitical Dimensions”
“Rising powers seek to change international regimes they did not shape.China, however, has compelling reasons to accept, even support the statusquo for now. It depends on participation in the global economy to sustaingrowth and stability, and it lacks the leverage to demand major changes.Still, although Chinese leaders have a strong record of putting interestahead of ideology, there is a risk that China’s heady sense ofaccomplishment and resurgent popular nationalism—both of whichwill be on display at the Olympics—will drive China to challenge therules of the game on matters ranging from trade to security. Althoughacquiescence is more likely in the near term, if and when Chinabecomes less compliant, it could pose problems for another countrythat benefits even more from the current order—the United States.”Jacques deLisle, “China is a rising star, but unusually weak andpoor,” Philadelphia Inquirer, July 6, 2008.
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PROJECT ON DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS Director: Amb. Adrian Basora
Since its formal launch in January 2005, the Project on Democratic Transitions,headed by Adrian Basora, former U.S. ambassador to the Czech Republic and aformer director for European Affairs for the National Security Council, hassought to better understand the dramatic political and economic transitions ofpostcommunist Europe and Eurasia. In its initial phase, the Project developedvaluable insights into the competing forces that have transformed formerlycommunist Europe/Eurasia since 1989. The Winter 2008 Orbis featured papersfrom the Project’s second, 2007, conference.
“The Georgian events are a wake-up call. The U.S. and its European allies mustact now to provide leadership in restoring democratic momentum not only inGeorgia but throughout the postcommunist region. For the U.S., this will meanreplacing its now-discredited, unilateralist brand of “democracy promotion” witha new policy paradigm focused on broader democratic values and partnership:sustained partnerships with the regions’ civil society groups and elected officials,and renewed partnerships with key European allies to integrate thepostcommunist nations into wider regional and international frameworks..” –Adrian Basora and Jean Boone, “The Georgia Crisis and Continuing DemocraticErosion in Europe/Eurasia,” FPRI Enotes, October 2008.
THINK TANKS AND CIVIL SOCIETIES Director: James McGann
Program Director James McGann has been appointed Assistant Director of theInternational Relations Program at the University of Pennsylvania, where he willalso serve as a lecturer. McGann maintains a database on global think tanks thatis used throughout the world; a portion of it (think tanks focusing oninternational security issues) is available at the FPRI website.
In January 2008, McGann’s “The Global ‘Go-To’ Think Tanks: The LeadingPublic Policy Research Organizations in the World,” which identified the top30 think tanks in the world, was noted in publications including La Clave(Spain), Jakarta Post (Indonesia), The Daily Yomiuri (Osaka, Japan), and the
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South China Morning Post (Hong Kong). His work will be featured in the Jan.-Feb. 2009 issue of Foreign Policy magazine, and he has been invited to addressDavos Conference in January.
McGann took a number of interns to Washington, D.C. on July 31 formeetings with various agencies of relevance to their future careers.
The Program is currently assessing the preliminary results of its Global ThinkTanks Impact Survey, the objective of which is to inform donors, policymakersand the public about the impact think tanks have on public policy and thechallenges they face as they attempt to improve public discourse and decisionmaking on a broad range of policy issues. Other projects include:
▪ Global Mapping and Assessment of Development and Environment ThinkTanks, a systematic analysis of the organizations working in these fields;
▪ Catalysts for Growth and Development in Brazil, Russia, India, Chinaand South Africa (BRICS), which looks at the policy issues these dynamiceconomies will face;
▪ Think Tanks in India, which explores the evolving role of think tanks andcivil society in India;
▪ Think Tanks in Africa, Middle East/North Africa, Latin America andSoutheast Asia, which reports on the findings of two years of datacollection and analysis that provides the first systematic assessment thinktanks in these regions;
▪ NGO Pushback, which looks at the legal and extralegal strategies to limitthe number, role and influence of NGOs in Russia, China, Venezuela,Egypt and Zimbabwe;
▪ Three Chinas, which compares the development of think tanks in HongKong, Taiwan and Mainland China;
▪ Trends in Security and International Affairs Think Tanks, whichexamines the research agendas of over 900 security and international affairsthink tanks worldwide to see if and how they are dealing with a wide rangeof security and international affairs issues; and
▪ The Fifth Estate: Think Tanks and U.S. Foreign and Domestic Policy.
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E-NOTES AND FOOTNOTES
Each week, FPRI emails Enotes, succinct analyses of some critical internationalissue, to some 25,000 key people in 85 countries directly, and reach thousandsmore indirectly by postings on the Internet at FPRI’s site (which now receives50,000 visits a month) and in repostings. Like our Footnotes, drawn fromHistory Institutes, these are frequently reprinted in or quoted by newspapersaround the world:
▪ James Fallows recommended Senior Fellow Frank Hoffman’s November2007 Enote, “Dereliction of Duty Redux?” at TheAtlantic.com.
▪ Senior Fellow Garrett Jones’ January Enote, “Understanding Kenya,” wasreposted by History News Network and the University of North Carolina’sAmericanDiplomacy.org. He was then interviewed for the January 28Congressional Quarterly Weekly article, “U.S. Gropes for Response ToViolence in Kenya.” UNC also republished Efraim Inbar’s April Enote,“An Israeli View of the Iranian Nuclear Challenge.”
▪ Andrew Wilson’s April 2008 Footnote, “China’s Early Encounters withthe West: A History in Reverse,” was published in The Straits Times, anEnglish language daily in Singapore with a circulation of 380,000.
▪ The Council on Foreign Relations referenced and linked to Senior FellowMichael Radu’s March Enote on Colombia and Venezuela.
▪ The Jerusalem Post republished Aaron David Miller’s May Enote, “The MuchToo Promised Land: America’s Elusive Search for Arab-Israeli Peace.”
▪ In Faith, Reason, and the War Against Jihadism, George Weigel cited twoFPRI Enotes, by Charles Krauthammer and Adam Garfinkle.
▪ Jane Schultz’s July Footnote on Women in the Civil War was reposted byHistory News Network.
▪ Michael Horowitz’s July Enote on the History of Suicide Terrorism wascited in the Asian Tribune and the Daily News (Sri Lanka).
▪ Senior Fellow Felix Chang’s August Enote on the Russia-Georgia war wasposted in the New York Times’ online discussion forum and reprinted by UPI.
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Orbis, a Journal of World Affairs – Mackubin T. Owens, editor
Half a century since its founding, Orbis continues to offerserious discourse on the full range of topics relating toAmerican foreign policy and national security, as well as in-depth analysis on important international developments.Orbis is available to institutional subscribers (universities,embassies, etc.) online at ScienceDirect.
Orbis 2008 contents included:
Winter 2008: ASSESSING DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS TODAY
Adrian A. Basora on Postcommunist Europe and Eurasia
Valerie Bunce on Democratic Transition and Transferability
Mykola Riabchuk on Lessons from Ukraine
Alexander Cooley on U.S. Bases in Central Asia
Tom Ginsburg on Lessons from East and South Asia
John R. Schmidt on Outsiders and Post-Conflict States
Ben Fishman on Walt and Mearsheimer
Spring 2008: STRATEGY, STATESMEN, SOLDIERS AND THE LONG WAR
Shawn Brimley and Vikram Singh on the Indirect Approach and American Strategy
David Ucko on The U.S. Military and Counterinsurgency
Frank G. Hoffman on Post-Iraq American Civil-Military Relations
Ronald R. Krebs on the United States and Moderate Muslims
Don M. Snider on Dissent and Strategic Leadership
Williamson Murray on War and the West
James Kurth on The Strange Death of Postwar Europe
Summer 2008: EUROPE AND THE WORLD
Ronald J. Granieri on Americans and European Integration
A. Wess Mitchell on Empire by Devolution: Lessons from Franz Josef I
Adam Garfinkle on How We Misunderstand Terrorism
Jeremy Black on Euroskepticism: Pathology or Reason
Marian Leighton on Middleman in the Middle East
Christos Kassimeris on Greek Foreign Policy and the Western Alliance
Fall 2008: THE FUTURE OF WAR
Williamson Murray on History, War, and the Future
David Deptula on Air and Space Going Forward
William Martel on a Strategy for Victory
H. R. McMaster on Learning from Contemporary Conflicts
Robert O. Work on the Pan-Oceanic National Fleet
Bradley L. Bowman on Avoiding a Nuclear-Armed Iran
Orbis Managing Editor Ann Hart alsonow coordinates a column forPhiladelphia’s Evening Bulletin writtenby FPRI scholars.
Orbis Contributing Editor Bruce Berkowitz’s StrategicAdvantage: Challengers, Competitors, and Threats to America’sFuture was published in Sept. 2008.
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WACHMAN CENTERDirector: Alan Luxenberg
The Wachman Center focuses on “teaching the teachers”—advancing teachers’knowledge of world affairs and aiding them in incorporating this knowledge inthe classroom. Its work is focused in four core areas:
▪ Teaching Military History
▪ Teaching Asia
▪ Teaching the Middle East and 9/11
▪ Teaching the History of Innovation
The Center reaches teachers and classrooms across the nation through Footnotes,its bulletin for educators, which are frequently reprinted in American Educatorand other education journals and posted at other websites; through webcasts forhigh school classrooms; through the books it produces with Mason Crest; andthrough its History Institutes for Teachers.
Walter McDougall and David Eisenhower co-chair the Center’s HistoryInstitute for Teachers. The Institute receives generous funding from theAnnenberg Foundation, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, the EwingMarion Kauffman Foundation, H.F. Lenfest, and the Stuart Family Foundation,and in-kind support from the Cantigny First Division Foundation, a division ofthe McCormick Foundation.
Each weekend-long program provides some 40 educators from around thecountry the opportunity to learn directly from the top scholars in their fields onsubjects teachers are often under-prepared to teach. Many more teachers accessthe videotapes, reports, classroom lessons, and other materials posted at ourwebsite. In 2008, we held four Institutes:
EDUCATION
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Teaching the History of InnovationOctober 2008Hosted by the Ewing Marion KauffmanFoundation, Kansas City, MO.
This will be followed by a webcast forstudents on Innovation on November 18, aspart of Global Entrepreneurship Week.
What Students Need to Know aboutAmerica’s Wars, Part I – 1622-1919July 2008Hosted by the Cantigny First DivisionFoundation, Wheaton, IL
America in the Civil War Era, 1829–77May 2008Hosted by Carthage College, Kenosha, WI
China’s Encounter with the WestMarch 2008Hosted by the University of Tennessee atChattanooga
The following excerpt from an article on one teacher’s experience at the March2008 history institute gives a sense of what teachers get out of these weekends:
China’s influence extends to Pennridge
By Theresa Hegel, April 10, 2008The Intelligencer
With the Summer Olympics in Beijing around the corner, China is likely todominate the media in the coming months. If you ask Pennridge world culturesteacher Jim Valletta, the history-rich country is showing its dominance in manyother arenas, though “Americans have been a little blind to (it).” He predicts thatthis century will be ruled by the Pacific world, not the Atlantic world, as was thecase in the previous century.
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Valletta, who has been teaching at Pennridge since 1994, was chosen to attenda conference last month about China’s dealings with the West. The weekend-longconference, held at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, was arranged bythe Foreign Policy Research Institute’s Wachman Center. FPRI, a Philadelphia-based nonprofit, holds a series of such history institutes to give high school teachersaccess to cutting-edge scholarship on world affairs.
Valletta said he was very impressed with FPRI and called the conference “a greatopportunity for me to be exposed to what experts have to say about China.”
In publishing, the WachmanCenter continues a partnershipbegun in 2002 with Mason Crest
Publishers. This partnership has so far produced three book series for middleschool and high school students: Making of the Middle East, Modern MiddleEast Nations, and The Growth and Influence of Islam. The Mason Crestvolumes are beautifully designed, including numerous maps and photos, and thecontent, while accessible to students, is neither “dumbed down” nor subject tothe “political correctness” characteristic of college campuses. The School LibraryJournal wrote that the Modern Middle East Nations volumes were “the bestintroductions to the political conflict currently in print for this age group.”And one reviewer wrote of Alan Luxenberg’s more recent The Palestine Mandateand the Creation of Israel, part of the Making of the Middle East series:
“The reader will be treated to a clarity of writing rarely seen in social studiesseries books for pre-college age students. S/he will also meet with a strivingfor objectivity that is the hallmark of the discipline of historical writing.…Trivia is excluded while the essentials of the historical record are told; theglossary and timeline entries are concise and devoid of propaganda…. Thisimprint has succeeded in setting a standard that puts to shame theamateurish, error-ridden, biased work one too often finds in otherpublishers’ social studies series. Includes an index, glossary, timeline, shortbibliography and list of Internet resources plus maps and archivalphotographs.” (Association of Jewish Libraries Newsletter, May-June 2008)
Currently under development or discussion are joint FPRI-Mason Crest serieson military history and on Islam and terrorism, as is an update of the ModernMiddle East Nations series.
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OTHER 2008 FPRI EVENTS
PARTNERSHIP EVENTS:
Bruce Berkowitz, How to Maintain America’s Strategic Advantage, Partners’Dinner, September 2008
Robert Kaplan gave the keynote address at FPRI’s 4th Annual ChampagneBrunch in April, on “The New Balance of Power” (seewww.fpri.org/enotes/200804.kuehner.kaplannewbalanceofpower.html)
Harvey Sicherman presenting FPRI’s first Annual RobertStrausz-Hupe Award to Irvin J. Borowsky, founder andchairman of the National Liberty Museum, at the April2008 Partnership Brunch.
MEMBERSHIP BRIEFINGS:
Russia, Georgia, Moldova, and Beyond - Vladimir Socor, Jamestown Foundation
The Failure of the Imagination: 9/11 and Beyond, Gunnar Olson, NordicInstitute for Studies in Urban and Regional Planning in Stockholm
The Iranian Nuclear Challenge, Efraim Inbar, Bar-Ilan University
Hezbollah’s Military Strategy, Andrew Exum, King’s College, London
Iraq and Pakistan, Trudy Rubin, Philadelphia Inquirer
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ROBERT CARR LECTURE ON WESTERN CIVILIZATION - James Kurth on What areWe Fightin’ For? Western Civilization in the 21st Century
ROBERT A. FOX LECTURES ON THE MIDDLE EAST:
The Future of Iran - Kenneth Pollack, Brookings Institution
Will Saudi Arabia Survive? - Rachel Bronson, Chicago Council on Global Affairs
Where is Egypt Headed? - Hon. Daniel C. Kurtzer, Princeton University
U.S. Policy Toward the Middle East - Harvey Sicherman
MARTINO LECTURE ON INNOVATION: Paul Bracken, Yale University, onTechnological Innovation and National Security,
OTHER REPORTS:
Inside Pakistan - Nicholas Schmidle, New America Foundation
From Stone to Silicon: A Brief Survey of Technology and Inventions, FPRI
Senior Fellow Lawrence Husick
Sponsor Forum, Algeria, A Trip Report - John Calvert, Creighton University
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GEORGE WEIGEL,Faith, Reason, and theWar Against Jihadism
(December 2007)
AARON DAVID MILLER,The Much TooPromised Land(March 2008)
WILLIAM I. HITCHCOCK,The Bitter Road to
Freedom: A New Historyof the Liberation of Europe
(October 2008)
BOOK TALKS
DAVID DANELO,The Border:Exploring the
US-Mexican Divide
GEORGE GRAYSON,Mexico’s Struggle with
‘Drugs and Thugs,’forthcoming,Foreign Policy
Association
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INTERNS
Former intern Sarah Eskreis-Winkler is co-author of an articlein the July/August 2008 issue ofForeign Affairs, “In the Tank:Making the Most of Strategic OilReserves” (with David G.Victor). Ms. Eskreis-Winklerreceived her B.A. from theUniversity of Pennsylvania and
was a research associate in National Security at the Councilon Foreign Relations in 2006-07. Her continuedachievements in foreign policy are all the more impressiveas she is also currently a medical student at Cornell.
Other recent FPRI interns have gone on to positions withDevelopment Alternatives, Inc., the Democratic SenatorialCampaign Committee, the Joint Economic Committee-U.S. Congress, MEC International, Peace Corps, theGreen Foundation Trust’s volunteer program in Tanzania,the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai, theCenter for European Policy Studies, Church World Service,the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM),New Energy Finance in Alexandria, VA, the Organizationof American States, the Council on Foreign Relations, andwith Plan International in Burkina-Faso.
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IN MEMORIAM
FPRI notes with sadness the passing onDecember 23, 2007, of Marvin Wachman,its president from 1983-89. As ourpresident, he initiated our publicprogramming, initially in the form of theInter-University Seminar on ForeignAffairs. Other programs soon followed,including “Global Classroom.” FPRI’seducation program today, the WachmanCenter, is named in his honor. Marvin wasalso president of both Lincoln and TempleUniversities and interim president of twoother Pennsylvania colleges.
FPRI also lost this year, on February 11,long-time trustee Frank Piasecki, anaviation pioneer who invented the big twin-rotor helicopter that has carried soldiersinto battle and rescued thousands fromdisaster.
Marvin Wachman
Frank Piasecki receives theNational Medal of Technologyfrom President Ronald Reagan
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Leigh Ann Hinton, soprano, has performed as soloist around the country from Washington,D.C. to California, most recently at venues including Avery Fisher Hall in New York City’sLincoln Center, The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.,the Music Center at Strathmore in Bethesda, Md., Bass Performance Hall in Fort Worth, Tex.,and DAR Constitution Hall in Washington, D.C. She earned her bachelor’s and master’sdegrees in vocal performance from Ithaca College. Leigh Ann is soloist with the U.S. ArmyBand “Pershing’s Own.” She was also a member of the U.S. Navy Band Sea Chanters Chorus.
Harry Watters, trombone, is a member of The U.S. Army Blues and has been featured asa soloist throughout the U.S., Europe, and Australia in venues ranging from jazz festivals,clubs, and concerts with orchestras to international military tattoos. Watters has releasedseveral solo CDs, including; “Tiger Rag,” “’S Wonderful,” “Brothers I” and “II” andmost recently “The Island of Dr. Trombone.” After graduating from the University ofNorth Texas, Watters spent four years touring and recording with the renowned Dukesof Dixieland. While working at night on Bourbon Street, Harry attended The Universityof New Orleans by day, serving as graduate assistant to Prof. Ellis Marsalis. Watters hasbeen on faculty at South East Louisiana University and The University of New Orleans.He has been a member of the United States Army Brass Quintet since 2004.
Regan Brough, bass, began playing electric bass at age 11 as part of his family steel bandcalled Pan Jam, after having spent 4 years studying the piano. He graduated magna cumlaude from Brigham Young University with a bachelor’s degree in bass performance. Anactive composer/arranger, Brough was awarded with the Outstanding InstrumentalComposition from the 2006 Lionel Hampton Jazz Festival for “I Don’t Know Why” andcontinues to compose/arrange in a variety of genres. Brough won the bass audition forThe Army Blues in 2007 and became the second bass player to hold that position in the37-year history of the group.
Harold Summey, Jr., studied at Hampton University, Eastman School of Music, andHoward University. He has performed with artists Aaron Neville, Ray Charles, ArloGuthrie, Whitney Houston, Sonny Rollins, Wynton Marsalis, The Smithsonian JazzMasterworks Orchestra, The Kennedy Center Opera Orchestra, and the AnnapolisSymphony. He is a member of the United States Army Band “Pershing’s Own.” In 1992he won first prize in the Thelonious Monk International Jazz Competition. Summey wasalso a member of the United States Navy Band in Washington, D.C. where he was apercussionist in the Concert Band from 1989-93. Summey has been on the faculty of theMile High Jazz Camp at the University of Colorado in Boulder since 1999 and was thepercussion instructor at Howard University from 1997 to 2000.
Tony Nalker is the pianist and group leader of the U.S. Army Blues, the premier jazzensemble of the U.S. Army Band. He routinely plays for the highest levels of ourgovernment and military and has performed in several USO Holiday tours to Iraq andAfghanistan. He holds an undergraduate degree in music from James Madison Universityand an M.A. in music from the University of Iowa. Tony has taught jazz piano at theUniversity of Iowa and George Mason University. He has also performed on more than80 recordings in a variety of styles including three Grammy finalists (and one winner) inthe children’s music category. He is the pianist for the Hal Leonard Jazz Play-a-long serieswhich now has more than 100 books/CDs in its collection. In addition, he performs asa member of the Smithsonian Jazz Masterworks Orchestra.
DINNER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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SUPPORT OPPORTUNITIES
As is evident from the many corporations, organizations, and individuals notedthroughout this report, there are numerous ways to partner with FPRI onlectures, events, publications, and general support. FPRI is always interested inexploring these opportunities. Please contact Alan Luxenberg, [email protected], 215-732-3774 x105 if you would like more information or to discuss your ideas.
FPRI’s Robert Strausz-Hupé Society,named after our founder, is made up ofthose individuals who have includedbequests to FPRI in their wills. Its currentmembers are W. W. Keen Butcher, JackGilray Christy, Ned Dunham, Robert L.Freedman, Frank Giordano, BobbieGohn, Charles B. Grace, Jr., Jack O.Greenberg, Bruce H. Hooper, JeromeKaplan, Rocco Martino, I. Wistar MorrisIII, Elaine Piccolomini, Alan L. Reed,Sam Savitz, and John M. Templeton, Jr.
For further information, contact Alan Luxenberg, [email protected], 215 732 3774 x105.
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We congratulate FPRIon its longstanding heritage of assuring America’s constructive role in the world and protection of international security.
And in that spirit, let us remember the timeless words of Abraham Lincoln:
“Let’s have faith that right makes might;And in that faith let us, to the end,
Dare to do our duty as we understand it.”
Colin A. Hanna, President
www.LetFreedomRingUSA.com
Congratulationsto the
Foreign PolicyResearch Institute
for another fabulous yearof information.
Peter Hamilton
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Marines have always been first to preserve our ideals, fight for our freedom, and forge the path for
our nation’s future. But that unconditional commitment to our country comes at a great personal cost—from the modest means and duress of military life, to the very real possibility of leaving a family behind—this is a life of both great honor and tremendous sacrifice.
Since 1962, the Marine Corps ScholarshipFoundation, an independent, nonprofitorganization, has answered a critical callto assist and honor Marine families. Weprovide academic scholarships to upstand-ing and deserving sons and daughters ofMarines and Navy Corpsmen serving withMarines, with particular attention givento children whose parent was killed orwounded in action.
To help Honor Marines by Educating TheirChildrenTM please visit us at www.mcsf.org. or call 1-866-IWO-JIMA (496-5462).
To support efforts in the Philadelphia area,visit www.phillymarines.com or call(610) 644-1942.
www.mcsf.org1-866-IWO-JIMA (496-5462)
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The Savitz Organization
Congratulates FPRI
on its 4th Annual
Benjamin Franklin Dinner
and
Ambassador John R. Bolton
Recipient of the 2008
Benjamin Franklin Public
Service Award
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Congratulations to FPRI:
The Education and Scholarshipthat you provide is aninvaluable commodity
in today’s world
Adele Schaeffer
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We are grateful to FPRI
for keeping us so well informed
about important issues
affecting the world and us.
Louise and Alan Reed
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for the community goodWhen people pull together, everyone benefits.
Beneficial is proud to support your efforts.
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CONGRATULATIONSon the continuing success of FPRI
To those who served and serve in ourArmed Forces, America is forever grateful!
Susan and Woody Goldberg
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Congratulations to FPRI
for another exemplary year
of keeping geopolitics
so usefully a part of our
public dialogue.
- The Honorable Dr. John Hillenformer Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs
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Roberto Díaz, President
Discover Philadelphia’s world-renowned conservatory…The Curtis Institute of Music
The Legends of TomorrowAre at Curtis Today.
Hear them at www.curtis.edu.
“Throughout the world there are many distinguished addresses for music. 1726 LocustStreet, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19103 is considered the most distinguished.Whoever has entered and left the rather unpretentious gray building, which datesfrom the turn of the century, whether as a pupil, as a teacher, or in both capacities,may count himself part of a musical aristocracy which clearly has produced only kings.”Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
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I congratulate theForeign Policy Research Institute
for their excellence inpromoting the understanding
of foreign affairs tomultiple audiences.
Eileen Rosenau
We are proud to supportForeign Policy Research Institute
Michael Olin Clark, PrincipalTwo Logan Square, Suite 1850, Philadelphia, PA 19103
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Congratulations on yourcontinuing good work!
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“America’s Gift to the Nation”-Colin Powell
CONTRATULATIONS TO FPRI ON ANOTHERYEAR OF KEEPING US SO WELL INFORMED
ABOUT THE UNITED STATES AND ITSFOREIGN POLICY.
JERRY KAPLAN
Components for a Modern World1210 Northbrook Drive, Suite 470, Trevose, PA 19053 • http://www.technitrol.com
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I applaud continued leadership by FPRI scholarsin advancing our national interests
via research, publication and education about issues bearing on policy development
Dr. Harry Rosenthal
FPRI is a great educator which creates anenvironment in which the student can learn.
Many thanks,Thomas G. Ruth
The Hill School, Emeritus
Aqua is a proud supporter of the Foreign Policy Research Institute.www.aquapennsylvania.com • 877.WTR.AQUA
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Notes
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Notes
