TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Submitted By:Mamta Purswani

MBA

The textile industry is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design or manufacture of clothing as well as the distribution and use of textiles.

Textile -A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibers often referred to as thread or yarn.

Yarn is produced by spinning raw wool fibers, flax, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibers’ together

DEFINITION

COTTON TEXTILESILK TEXTILELEATHER TEXTILEJUTE

TYPES OF TEXTILES

GinningGinning is the method of separating the cotton fibers from the seedpods, and sometimes with the sticky seeds. This is done in the cotton field with the help of machines. 

SpinningSpinning is the succeeding step to ginning. This process involves the making of yarn from the cotton fiber. The cotton yarns are made of different thickness in this stage.

WeavingWeaving is the most important process in the making of cotton cloth. In this process, two yarn is placed to make warp and weft of a loom which successively turn them into a cloth. 

Fabric finishes and treatmentsAfter weaving the cotton fabric passes through different processing stages till it reaches to the state of final product

COTTON MANUFACTURING

Singeing - This process burns off the fibers sticking in the goods.

Scouring - The cleaning part of the fabrics are involved in this process.

Bleaching - The fabrics are bleached here to make it more whiter and lighter.

Mercerizing - In this process, the fabric is immersed in alkali to make it more strong, shining, durable, shrink free and stretch free.

Dyeing - This process involves the changing of the fabric color by the treatment with a dye.

Finishing - In this process, the fabric is treated with some chemicals or other useful agents to make it qualitatively more better, for e.g. cotton is made sun protected by treating it with UV protecting agent.

STAGES

From Cocoon to Yarn The worms feed on mulberry leaves and increases their body size by nearly

10,000 times in a short span of time.

The worm ceases to eat by the end of thirty days and attach itself to a piece of straw and begins to spin its cocoon.

After the spinning of cocoon and before the hatching of the worm into a moth, the cocoon is soaked in hot water unraveling and producing long size thread. This fine thread is the basic component of silk yarn and fabric.

Washing and bleaching of the silk threadsThe natural fiber extracted from the silkworm holds some glutinous substance (gummy substance or glue) which is removed by washing and bleaching.

SILK MANUFACTURING

WeavingWeaving is a process where the fabric is created by interlacing the warp yarns and the weft yarns.

It is either done by machines or hand.

Hand woven fabric is better than the machine woven. It can make delicate designs with different colored thread.

Dyeing

There are two main types of silk fabrics.

1. Yarn-dyed or dyed-woven, like taffeta, duchess satin and many pattern-woven fabrics.

2. Piece-dyed fabrics, which is carried out after weaving, like crepes, twills, etc. The dyeing process gives the silk different shades.

Embroidery process gives embellishment and the perfect finish to the fabric to make it look more beautiful.

Finishing

Final soaking in a chemical solutionThis process helps to preserve the sheen and luster of the silk fabric. It adds weight and makes the fabric soft, smooth, easy to iron and wrinkle resistant.

Printing is giving pattern to the fabric. It is either done by

Block-printing method,Roller-printing method or Screen printing. Screen printing is widely

used in silk fabrics.

A good quality of silk begins with a warp of approximately 2,000 threads for one meter width. 1,600 threads or 1,800 threads are considered to be poor quality fabric. Loosely woven fabrics are difficult to sew. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF SILK

Textile industry is constituted of the following segments

Readymade GarmentsCotton Textiles including Handlooms (Mill made

/ Power loom/ Handloom)Man-made TextilesSilk TextilesWoolen TextilesHandicrafts including CarpetsCoirJute

STRUCTURE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Strengths: Indian Textile Industry is an Independent & Self-Reliant industry. Abundant Raw Material availability helps industry to control costs and

reduces the lead-time across the operation. Availability of Low Cost and Skilled Manpower provides competitive

advantage to industry. Availability of large varieties of cotton fiber and has a fast growing synthetic

fiber industry. India has great advantage in Spinning Sector and has a presence in all

process of operation and value chain. India is one of the largest exporters of Yarn in international market and

contributes around 25% share of the global trade in Cotton Yarn. The Apparel Industry is one of largest foreign revenue contributor and holds

12% of the country’s total export. Industry has large and diversified segments that provide wide variety of

products. Growing Economy and Potential Domestic and International Market. Industry has Manufacturing Flexibility that helps to increase the productivity. 

SWOT Analysis

Weaknesses:

Indian Textile Industry is highly Fragmented Industry.Industry is highly dependent on Cotton.Lower Productivity in various segments.There is Declining in Mill Segment.Lack of Technological Development that affect the

productivity and other activities in whole value chain.Infrastructural Bottlenecks and Efficiency such as,

Transaction Time at Ports and transportation Time.Unfavorable labor Laws.Lack of Trade Membership, which restrict to tap other

potential market.Lacking to generate Economies of Scale.Higher Indirect Taxes, Power and Interest Rates.

Opportunities:Growth rate of Domestic Textile Industry is 6-8% per

annum.Large, Potential Domestic and International Market.Product development and Diversification to cater global

needs.Elimination of Quota Restriction leads to greater Market

Development.Market is gradually shifting towards Branded Readymade

Garment.Increased Disposable Income and Purchasing Power of

Indian Customer opens New Market Development.Emerging Retail Industry and Malls provide huge

opportunities for the Apparel, Handicraft and other segments of the industry.

Greater Investment and FDI opportunities are available. 

Threats:Competition from other developing countries,

especially China.Continuous Quality Improvement is need of the hour

as there are different demand patterns all over the world.

Elimination of Quota system will lead to fluctuations in Export Demand.

Threat for Traditional Market for Power loom and Handloom Products and forcing them for product diversification.

Geographical Disadvantages.International labor and Environmental Laws.To balance the demand and supply.To make balance between price and quality.

1) Arvind Mills 2) Raymonds 3) Reliance Textiles 4) Bombay Dyeing Ltd 5) Grasim Industries 6) Indogulf Company 7) Nirma Stainless Steel 8) Balaji Overseas 9) Euro Bridge 10) Hydrodrive Systems and Controls Pvt Ltd

Major Players in Textile Industry

ESTABLISHED -1930 The three brothers, Kasturbhai,

Narottambhai and Chimanbhai decided to put up a mill to produce the superfine fabric.

1987-88 Arvind entered the export market for two

sections –Denim for leisure & fashion wear andHigh quality fabric for cotton shirting and

trousers.

ARVIND MILLS LTD.

Head Quarter -Ahmedabad

Employee strength-26000

ProductionArvind produces 1600 million meters of Denim per year and

it is the third largest producer of Denim in the world. Board of DirectorsMr. Sanjay S. Lalbhai  -Chairman & Managing

Director

Major Brands and ProductsFabric

Denim Shirtings Khakis Knitwear Voiles

Garment Exports Shirts Jeans

Arvind Brands (owned) Flying Machine Newport Ruf & Tuf Excalibur

Arvind Brands  Arrow Lee Wrangler

AWARDS

Gold medal winner in exporting denim Won silver medal in the category of highest global exports

DISTRIBUTIION

Showroom outlets of all the Apparel Brands Leading exporter of denim

  

Established in 192560% market share in India

Board of directors

Anirudha Deshmukh President Gautham Hari Singhania Chairman

and MD

RAYMONDS

Bombay Dyeing is one of India's largest producers of textiles.

Establishment -1879Parent Group –Wadia GroupHeadquarter -MumbaiProduction The daily production at Bombay Dyeing

exceeds 300,000 meters of fabrics Employee Strength -1001-2500

Bombay Dyeing

Board of DirectorsChairman –Nusli Wadia Jt. Managing Director – Ness Wadia Major Products• Suitings and Shirtings• Home Textiles –Bed Sheets, Curtains etc.

DistributiionIt has a distribution chain consisting of 600 plus exclusive

shops spread all over the countryIt exports to advanced countries such as USA, countries in

European Union, Australia and New Zealand

Establishment- 1948Parent Group - Aditya Birla GroupMajor plants - Bhiwani Textiles (Haryana) Vikram Woollens (Madhya Pradesh)• Headquarter – Mumbai• Employee Strength-5001 & above

Board of DirectorsChairman –Kumar Manglam BirlaGroup Executive President-Vikram D. Rao

Grasim Textiles

Major ProductsLouis Philippe, Van Heusen, Peter England, Allen Solly, SF Jeans a global supplier to global buyers such as Marks &

Spencer’s, Polo  DistributiionGrasim's strong nationwide retail network includes

exclusive showrooms, wholesalers and multi-brand outlets

Grasim caters to international fashion houses in the USA and UK supplying fabric to them for manufacturing of garments,

Reliance TextilesReliance Textile Industries is a leading

manufacturer and exporter of home textiles

Establishment- 1966Parent Group - Dhirubhai AmbaniHead Quarter -Mumbai Employee Strength-6000

Board of Directors Mr. Mukesh Ambani Chairman Shri A. K. Purwar, Director  of Vardhman

Textiles

Major Brands

1. VIMAL2. HARMONY3. REANCE, 4. RUEREL AND 5. V2.

 Gujarat to set up textile parks for cotton

Ahmedabad The Gujarat government is planning to set up separate industrial parks for spinning cotton

  Arvind Mills spurts after new tie-up

Arvind Mills surged on Monday after the company said Arvind Brands, a division of the company has signed an agreement with Philips-Van Heusen Corporation for designing, distribution and retailing.

 Denim fades, Arvind focuses on retail

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