TARMAC GROUP SHE STANDARD - 07A EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING ... · TARMAC GROUP SHE STANDARD - 07A EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING OPERATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Contents Section Contents

TARMAC GROUP SHE STANDARD - 07A

EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Contents Section Contents

0. Table of contents and revision notes

Appendix 2. Ammonium nitrate storage

1. Aim Appendix 3. Fall prevention systems

2. Scope Appendix 4. Standard authorisation letters

3.

Competency and authorisation Appendix 5. Explosives Authorisation request form plus - explosive supervisor and shotfirer appraisal forms

4.

Storage, security and transportation of explosives

Appendix 6. Explosives supervisors appointment register

5.

Drilling Operations Appendix 7. Method Statement and Risk Assessment for toe and horizontal blasting

6.

Use of explosives Appendix 8. Blasting Sequencing Form

7.

Fall prevention systems Appendix 9. Borehole probe – field check recording form

8. Monitoring Appendix 10. Face profiling laser – field check recording form

9. Documentation Appendix 11. Blasting specification Information Pack

Definitions

Appendix 12 Explosives audit

Appendix 1.

Quarry explosives rules

REVISION NOTES

Reason for change

This document replaces ‘Tarmac Group SHE Policy 07 – Explosives and Blasting Operations.

Approved by: A R Crawshaw Position: Head of Safety, Health and Environmental Version: 01 Date: January 2009

UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT WHEN PRINTED

The controlled document is held on the Tarmac Intranet

Tarmac Group SHE Standard 07A – Explosive and Blasting Operations

Version 01 2 of 78 January 2009

1. Aim

1.1 To ensure that explosives are stored, handled and used safely.

1.2 To ensure that only competent, authorised persons and explosive supervisor and shotfirer

are allowed access to drilling and blasting operations on company premises.

1.3 To prevent falls over face edges during profiling, drilling and blasting operations.

2. Scope

2.1 This standard shall only apply to all International operations, locations and activities outside of the United Kingdom that the company has responsibility for, even when the function is contracted, and/or when the legal responsibility under local law is with the contractor, or a consultant.

2.2 The Standard covers the use of all explosives, under any application.

2.3 Where a contractor is appointed to undertake any explosives duty covered by this Standard, the contractor shall be appointed in the same manner as for an employee undertaking the same duty.

2.4 Golden Rule 7 - Quarrying Operations is a Tarmac safety ‘Golden Rule’ and profiling, drilling and shotfiring operations are covered by the golden rule, and in particular relates to the blue bullet points in 2.4.1:

2.4.1 Quarrying Operations Do not: • Enter restricted areas without permission • Work within 5 metres of a face edge without a fall prevention system being in place • Work below a face without protection from falling material or objects • ‘End Tip’ over faces or on stockpiles Always Work faces and stockpiles in accordance with local rules.

2.5 Explosives and Blasting Operations must comply with the requirements of local legislation and Tarmac SHE Standard 007. Where internationally legislative blasting standards are less onerous or of a lesser standard than that of Tarmac Rules, the higher standard will apply.

2.6 Blasting operations must always be carried out in accordance with the quarry design and face height restrictions stated.

3. Competency and Authorisation

3.1 Anyone involved in the onsite storage, transportation, handling and use of explosives (including blast design) shall be competent and authorised in writing (See Appendix 4 and 5).

3.2 No shotfiring activities shall be undertaken without competent and authorised personnel present. Where Internationally this is not permitted, the responsible manager must work as closely as possible with the local explosive supervisor to ensure the safety of those on site or those who could be affected by the blasting operations.

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3.2 In some International countries, Tarmac management cannot legally appoint Shotfirers or

Explosive Supervisors. In such areas Local Management must work with the overriding authority to do everything they can to ensure the competence of such personnel and that full control is maintained over shotfiring operations.

3.3 Where a new shotfirer or explosives supervisor is employed references from previous employers shall be obtained and verified.

3.4 Before being appointed as an explosives supervisor or shotfirer, candidates must undertake a practical assessment and interview, carried out by a responsible manager, who themselves have been appointed as competent for the role they are assessing, using the forms in Appendix 5. If local management does not have the required expertise, arrangements should be made with a Tarmac approved local consultant or a member of the International Operations team on their next visit to conduct the assessment and interview, using the forms in Appendix 5.

3.5 All authorisations shall be made in writing. Authorisation records shall be kept on site and a copy given to the appointee. Authorisation records shall be retained at the Quarry for at least four years after that appointment ceases.

3.6 Where Internationally it is considered that National legislative requirements are below that of Tarmac requirements, a programme of training in shotfiring and/or blast design is to be completed for its blasting teams. International courses are to be developed on Shotfiring and Blast design. These courses are to be made available to the international businesses by May 2009.

3.7 For authorisations of roles 1, 2 and 3 in section 3.8, the responsible manager shall complete and submit an Authorisation Request form (See appendix 5) to the Operations or Production Director, who will, if satisfied, authorise the individual. For roles 4 – 10. The competent person detailed in 3.4 (normally the quarry manager) can make such appointments.

3.8 Authorisation (subject to 3.2) is required to carry out the following duties. Standard letters have been produced for each authorisation. Such letters may need to be modified depending on the country for which they are intended. Where in such countries authorisation of individuals is not permitted by local legislation, a record of this must be made.

Role Authorisation made by: 1. Explosives supervisor (who is QM) (Appendix 4.1) Operations or Production

Director 2. Explosives supervisor (who is not QM) (Appendix 4.2) Operations or Production

Director 3. Shotfirer (Appendix 4.3) Operations or Production

Director 4. Explosives storekeeper (Appendix 4.4) Responsible manager 5. Trainee shotfirer (Appendix 4.5) Responsible manager 6. To handle or transport explosives on site (Appendix 4.6) Responsible manager 7. To handle or transport ammonium nitrate on site (Appendix 4.7) Responsible manager 8. To act as a shotfiring sentry (Appendix 4.8) Responsible manager 9. Profiler and surveyor (Appendix 4.9) Responsible manager 10.Driller (Appendix 4.10)

Responsible manager

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3.9 There can only be one acting explosives supervisor at a quarry at any one time. The

responsible manager shall ensure that an ‘explosives supervisor authorisation register’ is maintained, stating clearly who the current Explosives Supervisor is (Appendix 6). In some international businesses where compliance to 3.9 cannot be achieved the reasoning for this must be detailed in the local blasting rules.

3.10 Where the responsible manager is not the explosives supervisor they shall still retain overall responsibility for the safety, health and environmental management of the quarry. In countries where they have no control over the blasting operations they must ensure the safety of those that may be affected by the blasting.

3.11 The explosives supervisor is a contractor not based at that site, the responsible manager will retain the responsibility for the safety and security of any explosives held in the explosives store on that site. Unless the store is under the direct control of the contractor and demarcated outside the quarry managers control. When explosives are outside the store or have been transferred from the delivery company’s truck, the explosives supervisor will then have responsibility for their safe custody, handling and use.

3.12 It is the intent that all International businesses comply with the requirements of 3.11. However it is recognised that in some countries the local manager has no direct authorisation to be involved in the process of storage or handling of explosives. For completeness in such cases however this must be written into local procedures and any explosive store maintained on the site must be demarcated outside of Tarmac Control.

3.13 Where the explosives supervisor is not available to sign over his authorisation to someone else (eg due to sickness), the responsible manager shall make a clear note in the register as to why the previous explosives supervisor has not countersigned the register.

4. Storage, security and transportation of explosives

4.1 Explosives can either be delivered by the explosive manufacturer directly to the blast site or delivered and stored on site. When explosive is stored on site the requirements of 4.2 – 4.4 must be complied with.

4.2 Explosives shall be kept in a secure store in line with local legislation.

4.3 Explosives and detonators must be kept in separate stores or in separate compartments within a store.

4.4 Ammonium nitrate shall be kept in a secure store in line with company requirements. (Appendix 2)

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A WELL MAINTAINED EXPLOSIVES STORE

4.5 Accurate records shall be kept of all explosives acquired, kept and used on site (including ammonium nitrate), and recorded in the ‘Tarmac Record Book for the Recording of Explosives Acquired and Kept at Quarries’ (available from the Tarmac Stationery Department at Wolverhampton). A locally produced translated equivalent would also be acceptable.

4.6 Any suspected losses should be notified to the relevant authority, following an immediate investigation within 24 hours, involving the responsible line manager and the SHE Adviser.

4.7 Explosives shall be transported on site in purposely designed or adapted vehicles.



PHOTOGRAPH OF EXPLOSIVES VEHICLE

4.8 The keys to the explosive store should be split between two authorised persons to ensure that no individual has sole access to the store.

4.9 The explosive store should be alarmed and the alarm monitored by an external security company.

4.10 The responsible manager should physically check the explosives store record at least monthly and record this with a date and signature in the stores record book.

4.11 Each country must ensure that sites hold all relevant consents and licences required by local legislation for receiving storing and using explosives, these may include:

• valid explosive store licence • valid Recipient Competent Authority (RCA) document to transfer or receive explosives • valid certificate to acquire and keep explosives • valid licence to mix ammonium nitrate on site.



5. Drilling Operations

5.1 Down the hole (DTH) drilling rigs shall normally be used for normal production blast hole drilling. Where due to face height or geological conditions borehole deviation surveying demonstrates that hole drifting is evident then the face height should be reduced to such a height that the hole drift would not be sufficient to go below the minimum burden as indicated in the blast design.

5.2 Technology relating to Top Hole Drilling Rigs is improving however their use should normally be restricted to development work only. The use of this rig for other purposes must be authorised by the International Operations Director.

5.3 No horizontal holes (those holes that are within 20 degrees of the horizontal) are to be drilled without the written approval of the International Operations Director and only after completion and submission to him of the specific Risk Assessment and Method Statement (Appendix 7).

6. Use of explosives

6.1 Explosives shall normally only be used for the purpose of primary blasting.

6.2 The use of explosives for the purpose of secondary blasting of large stones is prohibited unless there are exceptional circumstances, which are subject to detailed Risk Assessment, blast design and approval by the International Operations Director

6.3 The use of explosives for any other purpose eg demolition of buildings, shall be subject to approval by International SHE Manager.

6.4 Each blast shall be subject to a detailed design verified by a competent person (normally the explosive supervisor). The purpose of the design is to ensure good fragmentation, leaving a secure face and to prevent the projection of rock during blasting.

6.5 All sites shall have local rules to ensure blasting operations are carried out in a controlled manner. The quarry explosives rules shall provide requirements for: • authorisations • explosives storage and security • explosives transport • fall prevention systems • drilling • face and shot hole surveying • blast specification • shotfiring operations • misfire procedure • monitoring • trainee shotfirers.

6.6 Each quarry shall have its own site-specific explosives rules based on the Company Generic Rules (appendix 1). Changes to the generic rules shall be limited to those elements that are likely to differ from quarry to quarry.

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7. Fall prevention systems

7.1 Anyone working within 5m of a quarry face shall be protected by an approved fall prevention

system (Appendix 3).

PHOTOGRAPH OF POST AND WEBBING FALL PREVENTION SYSTEM

8. Monitoring

8.1 The explosives supervisor shall monitor adherence to the explosives rules on a day-to-day basis. Any person not undertaking their duties in accordance with these requirements of the explosives rules shall be made aware of the failings and informed of the correct action to take in future. A written record of any such instructions shall be made by the explosives supervisor and kept in the quarry SHE files.

8.1.1 Only 3D profiling shall be used. The use of 2D laser systems will not be permitted beyond 28 February 2009. Only MDL or Pulsar 3D laser systems will be permitted. Should a different 3D laser system wish to be used the written authorisation of the International Operations Director must be sought. For a definition on 2 and 3D laser systems see Explosive and Blasting Standard 07 section 10.4 and 10.5 definitions.

8.1.2 All holes must be physically examined before being surveyed. All areas of the face to be blasted (do not forget side faces to the main blast) shall be surveyed by use of a 3D laser. This equipment shall either be an MDL 3D laser or Pulsar 3D laser. Should a different laser wish to be used, the written authorisation of the International Operations Director must be sought. Where the explosives supervisor is not satisfied with the reliability or accuracy of the information from the 3D laser they should refer to the site’s permanent calibration self check site (see appendix 10) and should the laser prove to be inaccurate, shall clearly state why they have arrived at that decision on the blasting checklist and state what equipment and information has been used in the preparation of the blasting specification.



Home In all circumstances relating to free face blasting a borehole deviation-surveying probe shall be

used to measure all holes. If due to exceptional circumstances a borehole deviation probe cannot be used the reason shall be stated on the blasting specification and blasting checklist along with details of what methods have been used to survey each hole. Where the explosives supervisor is not satisfied with the reliability or accuracy of the information from the borehole deviation-surveying probe they should refer to the site’s permanent calibration self check hole (see appendix 9) and if the probe proves to be inaccurate, shall clearly state why they have arrived at that decision on the blasting checklist and state what equipment and information has been used in the preparation of the blasting specification.

8.2 Where an individual disregards any instructions given to them disciplinary procedure shall be applied. Where contractors are involved a review meeting shall be held and appropriate action taken to deal with the matter.

8.3 The responsible manager with their line manager shall jointly, on an annual basis, carry out an explosives audit, using the Tarmac explosives and blasting operations audit format (Appendix 12).

8.4 Where an explosives and blasting operations audit identifies a failure to comply with any of the explosives rules a written report detailing such failure shall be sent by the auditor to the explosives supervisor, responsible manager, responsible line manager, SHE adviser and the production director.

8.5 Due to the varied activities to be assessed during the explosives and blasting operations audit it may need to be completed over a number of days and visits.

9. Documentation

9.1 Records are required to be kept for every blast carried out on a premises operated by Tarmac. Where blasting activities are carried out by a contractor they are required to submit a full blasting specification record to the manager of the site before blasting takes place and gather his approval to continue with the loading and firing of the shotholes.

9.2 The manager must ensure that copies of all blast records are maintained in the quarry office, regardless of records being maintained by contractors elsewhere. Such records should be kept for no less than 4 years

9.3 The appendices to this Standard provide additional support to managers, detailing local rules, appointment requirements and proforma’s to detail all blasting information upon. Such appendices are for guidance and their use is not mandatory. If however other forms and documents are to be used, the manager must ensure that the full content of each appendix is fully covered by the local documents provided and their use checked and confirmed as fully compliant by the local SHE Advisor.

9.4 A brief description of what each appendix covers is detailed in 9.4.1 – 9.4.12 below:

9.4.1 Appendix 1 – Quarry Explosives Rules: these are draft local site rules that should be extracted from this document and amended by local management, the blasting team and local SHE Advisor to make the rules specific to the site being operated.



Home 9.4.2 Appendix 2 – Ammonium Nitrate Storage: this Appendix is only applicable to sites that store

ammonium nitrate. Where such storage does occur the requirements in Appendix 2 are to be complied with.

Appendix 3 – Fall Prevention Systems: these cover the methods that can be adopted to prevent falls during pre drilling set up, drilling and shotfiring operations. One or a number of these systems must be in place at all times during such operations

Appendix 4 – Standard Authorisation letters: these authorisation letters cover each job function used during the process of blasting. The letters are drafts and can be expanded to include any local requirements. All personnel involved in blasting must be authorised using one of the letters to carry out their duties. It is recognised that in some international countries this may not be possible legally. Where this is the case local management should work with the authorities to ensure that where possible these requirements are carried out.

Appendix 5 – Explosives Authorisation Request Form: The form is used to gain authorisation to appoint personnel. The detail of who can authorise the various positions is detailed in section 3.7 and 3.8 of this Standard.

Appendix 6 – Explosive Supervisors Appointment Register: This form should be used for the explosive supervisor to sign in and out at an operation. The explosive supervisor only needs to sign out where a different explosive supervisor will be used for the next shot.

Appendix 7 – Method Statement and Risk Assessment for toe and horizontal blasting: Where such activities are being considered these documents must be completed and submitted fort approval.

Appendix 8 – Blasting sequencing form: This form is to help explosive Supervisors ensure that all required actions are carried out during the drilling and blasting process.

Appendix 9 – Borehole Probe – Field Check recording form: Blast hole probes need to be checked periodically to ensure that they remain within calibration limits, the form can be used to detail such tests.

Appendix 10 – Face Profiling laser – Field Check recording form: the 3D laser needs to be checked periodically to ensure that they remain within calibration limits, the form can be used to detail such tests.

Appendix 11 – Blasting Specification Information Pack: This appendix covers the index and the required documents that should be in place as part of the blasting specification submitted to the manager prior to blasting taking place.

Appendix 12 – Explosives audit: The audit has been prepared to help managers identify the areas they need to concentrate on to ensure their drilling and blasting operations comply with the requirements of this Standard. A yes should only be recorded when that issue is fully compliant. Where a no is recorded an action should be placed on the Quarry Development Plan

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10. Definitions

10.1 ‘Relevant authority’: the regulatory or other body responsible for permitting or regulating the

storage and use of explosives at a quarry.

10.2 ‘Explosives supervisor’: the person who is in overall, day-to-day, charge of work with explosives at a quarry.

10.3 ‘Prohibited person’: a person prohibited, by the requirements of this standard, from handling and using explosives, because he/she has a criminal conviction (other than those for minor motoring offences).

10.4 ‘2D Laser system’: a 2D laser system only measures the face directly in front of each blast hole. This system is not permitted.

10.5 ‘3D Laser system’: a 3D system utilises a different type of laser and software than that used by 2 dimensional laser systems. 3D lasers scan systematically at minimum 0.5m centres over the full area of the face to be blasted. Each individual measurement is coordinated to GPS coordinates and the result is a 3 dimensional image of the face being produced. This enables accurate burdens to be identified when used in conjunction with a boretrack or probe system.

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APPENDIX 1 – QUARRY EXPLOSIVES RULES

(Name of quarry) (Name of business area)

QUARRY EXPLOSIVES RULES

CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Authorisations and responsibilities 3. Explosives receipt, security and storage 4. Transport of Explosives 5. Fall prevention systems 6. Drilling Operations 7. Face and shot hole surveying 8. Blast specification 9. Shotfiring operations 10. Misfire procedure 11. Monitoring 12. Trainee drillers and shotfirers

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1. Introduction

1.1 These explosives rules have been prepared by the company to ensure, so far as is

reasonably practicable, that all explosives are stored, transported and used safely and securely in accordance with legal and company requirements.

1.2 The rules are based upon the company generic explosives rules and have been amended to take account of local circumstances. The rules have been prepared by the responsible manager in consultation with the explosives supervisor and have been approved by the responsible manager’s line manager.

1.3 A copy of these rules (or the relevant sections) must be issued and explained to all persons who have responsibilities or duties placed upon them by them.

1.4 All persons must comply with the requirements placed upon them by the rules. Failure to do so could endanger life and lead to disciplinary action by the company or prosecution by the local enforcing authority.

Status Position Signature Date Prepared by

Responsible manager

Reviewed by

Senior SHE Adviser or SHE Manager

Approved by

Responsible Line Manager

Note - These generic rules are to be amended to suit local circumstances, changes are to be kept to the minimum and those sections likely to require changes making have been highlighted (as shown within this panel) or shown in bold italics. The site specific versions should have the shading and italics removed. 2. Authorisations and Responsibilities

2.1 General

2.1.1 The company will not knowingly appoint or authorise any person to carry out any explosives

duties, if that person has been: • convicted of any offence involving explosives at any time • sentenced to imprisonment or custody for life; detention in a young offenders institution,

youth custody or corrective training for a term exceeding thirty months • has been sentenced to imprisonment or youth custody, or detention in a young

offenders institution, or corrective training for a term exceeding six months, but not exceeding thirty months, and less than ten years have passed since the conviction for the crime for which sentenced, or less than five years for those under seventeen at the time of conviction, or

• has been sentenced to imprisonment or youth custody, or detention in a young offenders institution for a term not exceeding six months, and less than seven years have passed since the conviction for the crime for which sentenced, or less than three and a half years for those under seventeen at the time of conviction.

Amend the bullets to detail what offences would prohibit a person from working with explosives in your country

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2.1.2 All persons who work with or handle explosives must be authorised or appointed in writing by the company.

2.1.3 A copy of all authorisations shall be retained in the health and safety files at the quarry.

2.2 Responsible manager

2.2.1 The responsible manager has the responsibility to co-ordinate all health, safety and environmental measures on site including those involving explosives.

2.2.2 Note: optional paragraph where the explosives supervisor is not the responsible manager The responsible manager shall liaise regularly with the explosives supervisor.

2.2.3 The responsible manager shall ensure that only one person acts as explosives supervisor at anyone time and the explosives supervisor authorisation register is maintained.

2.2.4 Note: optional paragraph where the explosives supervisor is not the responsible manager The responsible manager will be responsible for the security and safe keeping of explosives within the licensed explosives store where the explosives supervisor is not based at the site, eg another Tarmac employee at another quarry or a contractor. When explosives are issued from the store (or delivered directly to the blasting site) the explosives supervisor has the responsibility to ensure the explosives rules are complied with until explosives are returned to the store and are secured inside.

2.3 Explosives supervisors

2.3.1 The explosives supervisor shall have the day-to-day control of the storage, handling and use of explosives at the quarry.

2.3.2 The explosives supervisor shall ensure that: • explosives are stored, handled and used in a manner that is without risk to the health

and safety of persons on or off site, and bring anything which may adversely affect this to the responsible managers attention immediately

• an adequate written blasting specification is produced for each blast and approved by him or herself

• the explosives rules relating to the storage, handling and use of explosives are followed • equipment used for shotfiring is suitable and safe and site conditions are in line with the

blast specification before work with explosives begins • unsafe equipment is taken out of use immediately • explosives are only kept in the approved store unless they are being transported or are

being used and accurate records are maintained • they carry out a physical stock check of the explosives store at least once per month

and record this in the Tarmac Record Book for the Recording of Explosives Acquired and Kept at Quarries.

• only authorised persons carry out work with explosives • they carry out (or ensure that) a second check of all surface connections before they

are covered • they monitor and audit adherence to the explosives rules in line with company policy.

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2.4 Shotfirer

2.4.1 Shotfirers shall ensure that the explosives rules and blasting specification are adhered to

and ensure that: • only equipment, which is authorised, suitable and safe is used for shotfiring, and site

conditions are in line with the blast specification before work with explosives begins • trainee shotfirers work under their direct close personal supervision.

2.4.2 Before any shot is fired: • check the shotfiring system or circuit to ensure that it has been connected correctly • where electrical detonators are used, ensure they have been correctly connected to the

shotfiring system or circuit and that the shotfiring system or circuit is tested with a suitable instrument (continuity and resistance). The resistance required should be calculated and checked against the value obtained for the purpose from a position of safety

• where appropriate, check that the electrical integrity of the shotfiring system or circuit to minimise the risk of a misfire

• ensure that a second person has checked all surface connections prior to covering.

2.4.3 Ensure that all shots are fired from a purpose built blasting shelter in a safe location generally behind and/or above the shot being fired.

2.5 Trainee shotfirer

2.5.1 Work under the direct close personal supervision of the shotfirer at all times and comply with the quarry explosives rules.

2.6 Explosives storekeeper

2.6.1 The explosives storekeeper has the day to day control of the receipt, storage and issue of explosives and shall ensure that: • the quarry explosives rules relating to the storage, handling and use of explosives are

followed • explosives are stored in a manner, which is without risk to the health and safety of

persons on or off site, and bring anything, which may adversely affect this to the attention of the explosives supervisors and responsible manager immediately.

2.7 Persons appointed to handle explosives

2.7.1 Comply with the unit explosive rules and only work under the direct supervision of an

explosives supervisor or shotfirer.

2.8 Shotfiring sentries

2.8.1 Take up the position designated by the shotfirer in the specified time before the blast takes place.

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2.8.2 Ensure that no person enters the danger zone following the initial audible alarm/signal prior

to the blast taking place.

2.8.3 Signal to the shotfirer if anyone enters the danger zone prior to the blast taking place in the manner set out in these rules.

2.8.4 Shall not leave position until the all clear audible alarm/signal has been given.

2.9 Profilers and surveyors

2.9.1 Carry out their duties in accordance with the quarry explosives rules and the training received for the correct use of the profiling equipment and software.

2.9.2 Ensure the surveying equipment is tested and checked in accordance with the training given each time it is used.

2.9.3 If for any reason the equipment or software is not functioning correctly the explosives supervisor shall be notified immediately.

2.10 Drillers

2.10.1 Carry out their duties in accordance with the quarry explosives rules.

2.10.2 Ensure that the site approved fall prevention system(s) and equipment is used at all times when within the 5 metres of a face edge.

2.10.3 Carry out the daily health, safety and environmental checks on the rig and record these on the checklist. Report any defects, which could affect SHE immediately to the responsible manager.

2.10.4 Ensure that the rig is set up correctly in accordance with the drilling plan and a full and accurate drilling log is made for each hole.

3. Explosives receipt, security and storage

3.1 Receipt - packaged explosives

3.1.1 The storekeeper, explosives supervisor or shotfirer shall check delivery notes before accepting deliveries to confirm the materials are as ordered and the quantities are correct.

3.1.2 A copy of the delivery note must be obtained, passed to the explosives storekeeper who will complete an entry in the Tarmac Record Book for the Recording of Explosives acquired and kept at quarries and retained on site in the health and safety files.

3.1.3 Where detonators are delivered directly to the blast site they shall only be transferred to a suitably constructed lockable container.

3.2 Receipt - bulk explosives

3.2.1 Where bulk explosives are used the shotfirer shall check that the consignment note is completed correctly regarding quantity delivered etc and ensure material is not left unattended.

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3.2.2 Where detonators are delivered directly to the blast site they shall only be transferred to a suitably constructed lockable container.

3.2.3 On completion of a blast using materials delivered directly to site the consignment notes must be passed to the explosives storekeeper who will complete an entry in the Tarmac Record Book for the Recording of Explosives Acquired and Kept at Quarries.

3.3 Storage

3.3.1 Note – amend where there is no explosives store on site. Explosives must be kept in the licensed explosives store unless they are under the constant supervision of an authorised person. All explosives must be returned to the licensed store at the end of the working day.

3.3.2 For security reasons access into the explosives store shall be by a dual-key system:

3.3.3 Each door of the explosive store shall have two unique locks fitted to it.

3.3.4 Two key holders shall hold the lock keys. No one key holder shall have access to or

custody of keys to both locks

3.3.5 Key holder 1 shall normally be the authorised storekeeper. Key holder 2 shall normally be the responsible manager or explosives supervisor.

3.3.6 When not in the custody of the key holder the keys shall be kept separately, locked away in a safe or other secure place.

3.3.7 The dual-key system shall ensure that both key holders have to be present in order to access the explosives store.

3.3.8 Spare lock keys shall be kept and accessed in the same manner to ensure no one person has access to them.

PHOTOGRAPH OFINSIDE OF AN EXPLOSIVES STORE



Home3.3.9 Each time explosives or detonators are received or issued from the store a record shall be

made in the Tarmac Record Book for the Recording of Explosives Acquired and Kept at Quarries.

3.3.10 The store capacity of? kg must not be exceeded. Check statutory licence where applicable.

3.3.11 Explosives may only be issued to an authorised person at the quarry on the instructions of the explosives supervisor or shotfirer.

3.3.12 Explosives shall be stacked away from the store walls and stock rotated so that the oldest stock is used first.

3.3.13 The store must be kept clean and free of grit or dirt. Nothing other than explosives, a broom and rubber overshoes may be left in the store. Detonators must be stored separately in the detonator compartment provided.

3.3.14 The explosives store shall have an intruder alarm fitted to it. The alarm system must be reset as soon as possible after the store has been locked.

3.3.15 Any damage or deterioration to the store must be reported to the explosives supervisor and the responsible manager immediately.

3.3.16 Any loss or discrepancy in explosives must be notified to the explosives supervisor and responsible manager immediately.

3.3.17 To minimise the risk of fire, the area within 25m of the store shall be kept free of vegetation, combustible or organic material, sources of ignition and any fuel and oil spills shall be cleaned up and removed.

3.4 Ammonium nitrate

Delete 3.4 where ammonium nitrate is not used enter ‘Ammonium Nitrate not used on site’

3.4.1 Ammonium nitrate shall only be kept in the designated store sited at?

3.4.2 Keys to the ammonium nitrate store must be kept locked in the site office safe unless they are in the custody of the explosives supervisor, shotfirer or explosives storekeeper. Accurate records shall be kept of all ammonium nitrate acquired, kept and used at the quarry.

3.4.3 The store shall be kept clean, dry and well ventilated and shall only be used for the storage of ammonium nitrate.

3.4.4 No fuel, oil or other organic material shall be stored within 25m of the ammonium nitrate store.

3.4.5 To minimise the risk of fire the area within 25m of the store shall be kept free of vegetation, combustible or organic material, sources of ignition and any fuel and oil spills shall be cleaned up and removed.



Home 3.4.6 Ammonium nitrate and fuel oil shall be transported separately to the blast site prior to

mixing on site, unless the fuel is within a separate fixed container on a mixing machine.

3.4.7 Ammonium nitrate shall be mixed in accordance with the Licence Number ? (insert details of unit licence)

3.4.8 The requirements for the safe and secure storage of ammonium nitrate are detailed in Appendix 2 ‘Storage of ammonium nitrate’ (Appendix 2)

4 Transport of explosives

4.1 Explosives shall be transported in designated vehicles. Bulk explosives trucks and other vehicles (and their drivers) used by suppliers are considered to be designated vehicles and authorised persons and do not need a specific authorisation unless they are involved in the shotfiring operations at the quarry.

4.2 Before using a site vehicle to transport explosives the vehicle daily checks shall be completed by the driver. All vehicles transporting explosives shall: • prominently display an ‘explosives’ sign • have a roof mounted amber or red beacon • carry at least 1 x 2kg dry powder fire extinguisher (in the cab) where 51kg or less of

explosives are carried • carry at least 1 x 2kg dry powder (in the cab) and 1 x 9kg dry powder fire extinguisher

(readily accessible on the vehicle) where more than 51kg of explosives are carried • be clean and free of grit or dirt • only carry essential shotfiring equipment with explosives and detonators • where a trailer is used a safety chain fitted between the trailer and the vehicle, which will

operate the trailer brakes should it become uncoupled • where a trailer is used attach to the vehicle by the approved tow bar and the safety pin

must be in place. • Where a trailer is used the contents must be secured in with a purpose designed sheet

or net.

4.3 Detonators shall only be transported in the detonator compartment, which must be locked during transit and must remain so until the detonators are required for charging.

4.4 All explosives shall be transported in a secure condition to ensure they do not move during transit or fall off the vehicle. This may involve the use of ropes and sheets. Explosives shall be transported in the manufacturers packaging and shall only be opened immediately prior to use.

4.5 Nothing which may create a fire hazard or detonation risk may be carried when explosives or ammonium nitrate are being transported, (paint spray cans, should be carried in a secure container.

4.6 The explosives vehicle must not be left unattended whilst explosives or detonators are on board. The authorised person must retain the vehicle keys at all times. When parking the vehicle it shall be positioned across any gradient with the handbrake firmly applied. The wheels should be chocked as a precaution if there is any risk of the vehicle moving whilst parked.



Home4.7 The detonator compartment shall be of strong construction, lined with shock absorbing anti

static material, kept clean and shall only be used for transporting detonators The detonator compartment shall only be unlocked to allow detonators to be inserted or removed.

5 Fall prevention systems

5.1 No person shall enter within 5 metres of an open face edge unless a fall prevention system is in place.

5.2 Details of the local system and procedure for installation and removal to be inserted.

5.3 Where a person has to enter the danger zone to erect the fall prevention system or to dress a face edge or for profiling, a harness and line must be used to prevent the person coming within 1 metre of any face edge.

5.4 The safety line shall be attached to a secure anchor point and the length of line adjusted to prevent the person coming closer than 1 metre of the face edge.

6 Drilling operations

6.1 Off-loading plant and equipment

6.1.1 Where plant (drill rig, compressor etc) is transported to site on a low loader etc it shall only be off loaded or unloaded on a firm level area designated for this purpose by the responsible manager. Only competent persons shall off-load equipment and the person in charge shall ensure no one else is within the area around the equipment should it overturn whilst being moved. Two people should be in attendance as a minimum when equipment is being loaded or unloaded.

6.1.2 Loading and unloading of plant shall only take place during hours of daylight unless specific arrangements are in place to provide suitable and sufficient artificial lighting (minimum lighting level is 50 lux).

6.2 Travelling within the site

6.2.1 Only designated and assessed access routes or haul roads will be used to track the drill rig/compressor to the work area.

6.2.2 Operators will ensure that safety chains are attached between the drill rig and the compressor or ancillary equipment to prevent disengagement of the plant items. All rods, tools, airlines etc must be secured before moving the rig.

6.2.3 Safety chains and whiplash preventers must be in position across all flexible compressed air hoses and connections.

6.2.4 The rig must not be moved with the mast in a raised position unless moving to an adjacent hole and it is safe to do so.

6.2.5 Check with the responsible manager regarding the travelling route to be taken before setting off. Do not take the rig into areas which are not suitable or potentially unstable.

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6.3 Setting up plant

6.3.1 Compressors should be sited on firm level ground with the brakes applied and be readily

accessible for refuelling. Additional chocking of the wheels may be required on sloping ground. The compressor should be sited up wind from the rig if at all possible.

6.3.2 The drilling location shall be checked to ensure that all hole positions can be safely accessed, any problems should be reported to the responsible manager for instructions before starting work.

6.3.3 Before starting work check the following items are available and in good condition: • mast and attachments are in good condition

• all guards are in position

• all compressed air connections are secure and safety chains and whiplash preventers are fitted across all flexible joints

• the dust collector and attachments are in good condition

• an accurate inclinometer is available for setting up the mast

• all controls are checked to ensure they are fully functional

• a fire extinguisher (min 1 x 9 kg dry powder) is available

• there is sufficient airline between the rig and the compressor to prevent stretching or straining it

• the centraliser and braking spanners are in good condition

• where possible the rig controls shall be sited at the furthest side from the quarry face.

6.3.4 Before drilling and charging toe holes, the Risk Assessment and the method statement for toe and horizontal blasting must be completed by the responsible manager (or his nominated deputy) with the explosives supervisor driller and shotfirer. A copy shall be provided to anyone who has a responsibility (appendix 7). Approval by the International Operations Director must be given before commencing the drilling operation.

6.3.5 The daily checks and inspections must be completed before the rig is used each day The plant inspection sheet must be completed and be passed to (state who to) on a weekly basis. Any defects, which affect the safety of the rig, must be reported to the responsible manager immediately.

6.4 Drilling

6.4.1 No horizontal holes (those holes that are within 20 degrees of the horizontal) are to be drilled without the written approval of the International Operations Director and after completion of the specific Risk Assessment and Method Statement (Appendix 7). Only Down The Hole (DTH) drilling rigs shall be used for normal production blast hole drilling. Where due to face height or geological conditions borehole deviation surveying demonstrates that hole drifting is evident then the face height should be reduced to such a height that the hole drift would not be sufficient to go below the minimum burden as indicated in the blast design.

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6.4.2 Should there be a need to utilise a ‘top hammer’ (drifter) drilling rig for development or other specialist works, written authority must be obtained in advance from the International Operations Director

6.4.3 No drilling will take place within the 5 metre danger zone of a face edge unless the approved fall prevention system(s) is in place.

6.4.4 The driller will not commence work unless they have been provided with a drilling plan sheet detailing the intended pattern, burden, spacing, angle, depth etc. as well as any localised workplace hazards.

6.4.5 The Driller must ensure that the mast is properly aligned before commencement of drilling each hole by using the inclinometer. Where machines are fitted with an in-cab inclinometer, unless the mast angle deviates there is no requirement to stop drilling after 2 meters. Where manual inclinometer are in use. The mast angle will be rechecked after approximately 2 metres and adjusted as necessary. This should be noted on the drilling log.

6.4.6 Always wear the appropriate PPE when outside the cab of the drill rig (eye protection, ear

protection, hard hat, full overalls, safety boots and gloves), do not wear loose clothing, which could become entangled in the rig.

6.4.7 Should the dust collection system become ineffective it shall be repaired immediately. If it cannot be repaired stop drilling and inform the responsible manager.

6.4.8 Do not work in inadequate light, during high winds or inclement weather. If in doubt contact the responsible manager.

6.4.9 All completed holes shall be protected to prevent debris falling into them.

6.5 Drilling log

6.5.1 Holes will be numbered right to left as the driller approaches the face from the top. The position of the holes should be pre marked using paint by the shotfirer.

6.5.2 The drilling log must be completed fully and accurately and contain details of any geological anomalies, cavities, broken ground, clay bands, joint planes, bedding planes or discontinuities etc.

6.5.3 The completed depth of each hole must be checked with a tape measure and recorded (in metres) on the drilling log.

6.5.4 The drilling log must have the ‘completed’ details of all holes (angle, burden, spacing, depth etc) and be passed to the shotfirer on completion.

6.5.5 If any holes cannot be drilled as intended the explosives supervisor or shotfirer should be contacted for further advice without delay.

6.6 Shutting down

6.6.1 Operators shall ensure that all levers are in neutral prior to switching off the compressor.

6.6.2 All plant will be secured and immobilised at the end of the shift to ensure no unauthorised use.

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6.6.3 All tools and equipment will be stored safely and the work area will be left in a tidy state.

6.6.4 Any rubbish or waste shall be disposed of in accordance with the local procedures for waste.

7 Face and shot hole surveying

7.1 Operation

7.1.1 Only 3D profiling shall be used. The use of 2D laser systems will not be permitted beyond 28 February 2009. Only MDL or Pulsar 3D laser systems will be permitted. Should a different 3D laser system wish to be used the written authorisation of the International Operations Director must be sought. For a definition on 2 and 3D laser systems see Explosive and Blasting Standard 07 section 8.4 and 8.5 definitions.

7.1.2 The profiler must ensure that the equipment being used is in good condition and in particular that: • the tripod being used is sturdy and undamaged • the surveying stick is straight and has a levelling bubble • the laser, probe and data-mats are kept clean • the tape is not damaged.

7.1.3 The profiler must ensure that an accurate resection is carried out before each survey, with

accurate triangulation of the three marker points.

7.1.4 The laser must be placed in a sensible position to carry out profiling and in particular: • away from the possibility of being hit by a falling rocks • not placed on main haul routes without effective protection • not placed within 5 metres of a quarry edge without edge protection in place • make use of a quarry vehicle suitably positioned with the roof beacon operating to

warn people of the presence of the profiling activity.

7.1.5 The section of the face surveyed must cover an area outside that of the first and last hole.

7.1.6 Any features within the face (such as broken ground, cavities, slips etc) must be individually surveyed thus providing additional coverage in these potentially vulnerable areas. These additional features shall be clearly recorded on the blasting specification and survey sheet.

7.1.7 Any open end within the blast area must also be surveyed.

7.1.8 Should the survey require more than one location, care must be taken to ensure accurate effective bearing and distance techniques are used.

7.1.9 Care must be taken to accurately determine the face crest and floor level.

7.1.10 Each hole must be surveyed in accurately. On upper faces that slope away from the edge this may involve the need to complete the task using bearing and distance.

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7.1.11

All holes must be physically examined before being surveyed. All front row holes (including any intermediate and back row holes which are adjacent to a free face) shall be surveyed by use of a borehole deviation-surveying probe. In all circumstances relating to free face blasting a borehole deviation-surveying probe shall be used. If due to exceptional circumstances a borehole deviation probe cannot be used the reason shall be stated on the blasting specification and blasting checklist along with details of what methods have been used to survey each hole. Where the explosives supervisor is not satisfied with the reliability or accuracy of the information from the borehole deviation-surveying probe they should refer to the site’s permanent calibration self check hole (see Appendix 9 – Borehole probe) and shall clearly state why they have arrived at that decision on the blasting checklist and state what equipment and information has been used in the preparation of the blasting specification.

7.2 Computerised data processing

7.2.1 All data variables must be set up and not changed.

7.2.2 Care must be taken in setting up the shot hole and azimuth data.

7.2.3 Burdens of concern must be identified and highlighted during data processing.

7.2.4 All the holes must be processed.

7.2.5 Once processing is complete a copy should be taken down to the blast site and a visual check made to ensure the processed data accurately reflects what is physically there.

7.3 Equipment field checks

7.3.1 All equipment used for the surveying of boreholes and quarry faces shall be checked on a quarterly basis by an appointed profiler and surveyor, in line with the manufacturer’s or other professional body’s guidelines.

7.3.2 All equipment field checks (and calibration certificates) shall be recorded using the ‘surveying equipment field check record’ sheets for borehole probes and lasers face profilers (Appendix 9 – borehole probe) and (Appendix 10 – laser) These will be held at the quarry within the health and safety files for equipment owned and leased by Tarmac. Where equipment is mobile (including contractor’s equipment) a copy of the calibration certificates and surveying equipment register shall be available wherever the equipment is being used.

7.3.3 Surveying equipment shall be examined and recalibrated at regular intervals as recommended by the manufacturer and whenever there is reason to believe it may not be accurate and working correctly or if it has been subject to damage. A fixed survey point for the purposes of calibration will be installed and maintained in an area within the operation designated for this purpose, in an area that is unlikely to be disturbed. From this location three fixed reference points must be able to be surveyed and the distances verified and tabulated against their original known values.

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7.3.4 Three pre drilled holes with different angles of around 3,5, and 10 degrees shall be provides for the purposes of calibration and maintained in an area within the operation designated for this purpose, that is unlikely to be distributed. From this location the three holes will be probed and the results verified and tabulated against their original known values.

7.4 Profiler and surveyor competence

7.4.1 The profiler and surveyor must be competent to carry out the profiling and hole surveying. It is the explosives supervisor’s responsibility to ascertain whether the profiler and surveyor have the necessary practical and theoretical knowledge to complete the task accurately.

7.4.2 Only profiler and surveyors that have successfully passed an accredited profiling and surveying course and have been certified as competent will be permitted to carry out profiling and surveying operations. Profiler and surveyors shall be re-assessed at intervals not exceeding five years.

8 Blasting specification

8.1 The explosives supervisor shall ensure that an adequate blasting specification is prepared (either by themselves or by someone qualified in blast design) for each blast to ensure so far as is reasonably practicable that when such firing takes place it will not give rise to danger. The blasting specification must be signed by the person producing it and shall be approved (and countersigned) by the explosives supervisor.

8.2 The specification shall be designed to: • ensure that the risk of fly-rock being projected outside of the declared danger zone is as

low as reasonably practicable, and should state any special precautions required to achieve this

• minimise the risk of misfires • enable the location of any misfired shots to be determined accurately; and • ensure faces are left in a safe condition after a blast.

8.3 The blasting specification will have a unique identifying number and must address the following matters when planning and preparing for and undertaking a blast:

• the part of the quarry where minerals are to be broken up or loosened by the blast, shown on a plan

• the intended hole positions, marked on a drilling plan, showing the length, diameter and the angle of inclination and direction at which the drill is to be set for each hole

• the surface position and number or other identifier for each shot hole referenced to the OS grid

• the angle of inclination, direction, length and diameter and the extent of any sub-grade drilling for each completed shot hole

• where the minerals form a face, the profiles or other data required to determine the burden around each shot hole

• any geological anomalies including orientation of bedding plane changes, which could affect the blast, in particular those identified during drilling and inspection. These



include the presence of cavities, clay-bands, joint planes, bedding planes or discontinuities

• using the available information, particularly that from items 4, 5 and 6, shown using plans and sections, the burden for each shot hole should be determined and consequently the amount, type and placement of explosives to be used, so that the blast can be carried out safely

• the amount, type and position of explosives, the description and position of any detonator and the type and position of any stemming actually used for each shot hole

• the system of initiation, including full details of any delay sequence and timing

• the danger zone, shotfiring position and sentry positions should be determined (these must be marked on a plan)

other precautions required to minimise the risk of: • material being projected by the blast • misfires • injury during inspection of the site before and after the blast • the date and timing of the blast and prevailing weather conditions.

8.4 The specification shall take account of: • experience gained from previous blasts at the quarry • any unusual circumstances which are present or likely to arise; and • the design of the excavation.

8.5 The explosives supervisor is responsible for checking the adequacy (and approval) of the design if it has not been prepared by themselves and carrying out a pre blast inspection of the blast site to check for any anomalies or potential problems, which could adversely affect the safety of the blast which have not been identified previously.

8.6 As part of the blasting operations the blasting sequencing form shall be completed (Appendix 8). This is to ensure that all the relevant activities and checks have been carried out to ensure the blast is performed safely.

8.7 The danger zone shall be determined by the explosives supervisor in consultation with the shotfirer and the responsible manager and shall be clearly drawn on a topographical plan of the quarry. The position of the blasting shelter must be recorded on the plan along with the position of all sentries.

9 Shotfiring operations

9.1 General

9.1.1 All shotfiring operations must be carried out under the direct supervision of an appointed shotfirer or explosives supervisor who will ensure that the blasting specification and explosives rules are adhered to.

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9.1.2 The site approved fall protection system(s) must be in place before any shotfiring operations commence.

9.1.3 No person shall smoke within 25 metres of any explosives or detonators, or take any naked flame within 25 metres of any explosives or detonators.

9.1.4 Explosives and detonators shall not be used on or in any machinery and should not be taken into any room containing machinery, other place where people congregate or any room in which there is an exposed element or naked flame.

9.1.5 The blast charging site should be kept as tidy as possible and as few people as necessary should be allowed in the area. Shock-tubes are easily damaged and care should be taken by all persons to avoid stepping on them or disturbing them at any time, but especially after they have been connected.

9.1.6 Mobile phones and two way walkie talkie radios are not permitted at the blast site. All equipment utilised at the blast site must be intrinsically safe. All back rows should be back marked prior to the blast taking place. This will provide a clear indication of where the next shotholes should be drilled. At the same time (where applicable) if spansets are used the post locating holes should be drilled at the same time.

9.2 Shotfiring equipment

9.2.1 All exploders including sparkers must have been tested within the last six months and a record of that test shall be available on site for at least four years. Any exploder, which is associated with a misfire, shall be removed from service until it is re-tested (unless it is known that the misfire was from some other cause).

9.2.2 Tools used for piercing cartridges, mixing explosives, or for use in shotholes shall be made of materials such as wood, anti static plastic or non-ferrous metal.

9.2.3 The explosives supervisor shall ensure that all equipment used for shotfiring is in good condition and suitable for the task.

9.3 Charging of shotholes

9.3.1 The shotfirer must have a copy of the blasting specification at the blast site during the loading of the shot.

9.3.2 If it is not possible to conform to the blasting specification, or the danger zone appears to be different from that shown, shotfiring operations should be suspended until any change in the blasting specification has been authorised by the explosives supervisor.

9.3.3 No more than one container of each type of explosives shall be open at any one time.

9.3.4 If the shotfirer leaves the charging area, he shall ensure that: • all charging ceases

• no detonators, explosives or charged holes are left unattended

• all detonators are locked away in the container, to which the shotfirer holds the key

• a competent person is instructed to guard the blast area when the shotfirer or explosives supervisor is absent.

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9.3.5 Where in hole initiation is used ie with the detonator placed inside the hole, two detonators are needed for each deck or full column of explosives to avoid misfires.

9.3.6

All shotholes are to be charged in accordance with the approved blasting specification: • the rise of explosives in the holes shall be checked and recorded at regular intervals,

and not exceeding every 25kg for packaged explosives. • the rise of loose ANFO shall be monitored at least every 3 metres of planned column

rise or every 25kg whichever is reached first. • where bulk explosives trucks are used in competent rock (igneous) the rise of

explosives will normally be monitored by the withdrawal of the hose from the hole. In other formations the monitoring of the rise of explosives should be determined by the explosives supervisor taking into account the potential for overcharging the hole due to cavities broken ground etc The rise may also be monitored using a tape.

• where there is a potential for losing bulk explosives (including ANFO) within the shot

hole the Explosives Supervisor should use packaged explosives, stem the area or use a sleeve to line the hole and contain the charge.

9.3.7 Should the column of explosive fail to rise then the shotfirer shall take all reasonable steps

to stem the hole with chippings prior to further charging: • the shotfirer shall check the rise every 5kg when using packaged explosives thereafter

until he is confident that the cavity has been stemmed • when using bulk explosives/loose ANFO the rise should be checked as often as

practical and at least after 1 metre of planned charge has been added thereafter until they are confident that the cavity has been stemmed

• details of additional stemming etc. shall be recorded on the charging sheet • Should it become necessary through loss of rise of ammonium nitrate column, it is

possible to desensitise the ammonium nitrate using water. This process must be strictly controlled by the explosives supervisor with the prior agreement of the quarry manager.

9.3.8 Any stemming used in the column or to stem up the hole, will be chippings of between 10-

14mm, Drilling fines shall not be used as stemming.

9.3.9 The shotfirer may increase the specification by up to a maximum of 10% of the explosive charge weight per hole, as specified on the blast design any variation above this must be authorised by the explosives supervisor. Any change shall be clearly noted on the blasting specification.

9.3.10 The shotfirer shall record the actual position of all explosives and detonators etc on the blasting specification.

9.3.11 When charging is complete any surplus explosives and detonators shall be removed from the blast site prior to firing. They shall be returned to the explosive store as soon as possible and in the event no later than the end of the working shift.

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9.3.12 Where a site is not permitted to store explosives on site or remove surplus explosives from site, the Explosive Supervisor will put into place additional procedures in this section, which ensures there is a secure and safe method of disposal. The International SHE Manager should approve the disposal process

9.4 Ammonium nitrate (may not be required)

9.4.1 Ammonium Nitrate can be utilised either in a bagged pre mixed form or be site mixed subject to the requirements in 9.4.2 and 9.4.3 below.

9.4.2 Pre mixed Ammonium Nitrate should only be used when it is contained bags with a maximum weight of 25kg bag. The mixture should utilise ammonium nitrate that is in a prillex form.

9.4.3 Ammonium nitrate shall only be mixed at the shot hole immediately prior to loading subject to any local legislative restrictions and use ammonium nitrate in a prillex form. Any mixing will take place on a purpose made non ferrous plastic or stainless steel tray and not by tipping gas oil into a bag, shaking it and leaving it to soak in.

9.5 Checking surface connections

9.5.1 Shock-tube connections

9.5.1.1 All connections shall be checked by the person who makes them and then be identified as having been made and checked by wrapping them with a piece of high-visibility insulating tape on spraying with paint (colour of tape or spray paint needs to be stated and be clearly distinguishable from the colour of the tubes and connectors).

9.5.1.2 The connections shall be checked by a second person (normally the explosives supervisor, where they have not been directly involved with the charging of the shot. Where they have, then another competent person who has not been involved shall make the checks) who will wrap the joints with a piece of insulating tape or spray paint of another colour to signify they have been double checked. (colour of tape needs to be stated and be clearly distinguishable from the colour of the tubes and connectors).

9.5.1.3 Once the blasting checklist has been completed and signed by the shotfirer the surface connectors shall be covered prior to firing the shot. All surface connectors shall be covered with a minimum depth of 200mm of dust on top of the connector block and 200mm either side.

9.5.1.4 When all shotfiring activities have been completed the, area cleared of tools, equipment, explosives and packaging the fall prevention system can be dismantled ready for blasting to take place.

9.5.2 Electrical detonators

9.5.2.1 The electrical connections at the surface shall be visually checked by a second person (normally the explosives supervisor, where they have not been directly involved with the charging of the shot. Where they have, then another competent person who has not been involved shall make the checks) to ensure all holes and detonators have been connected into the circuit correctly and that all joints have been taped.

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9.5.2.2 Prior to firing electrical circuit the continuity and resistance must be tested and checked against the calculated required resistance in ohms.

9.5.3 Electronic detonators

9.5.3.1 Electronic detonators will only be used by specially trained and competent individuals who understand the workings of the equipment used. Where such a system is utilised the electronic connections at the surface shall be visually checked by a second person (normally the explosives supervisor, where they have not been directly involved with the charging of the shot. Where they have, then another competent person who has not been involved shall make the checks) to ensure all holes and detonators have been connected into the circuit correctly and that all joints have been taped.

9.6 Firing the shot

9.6.1 Only the shotfirer shall have access to the exploder or initiator for the shot.

9.6.2 The shot shall only be fired from the safety of the purpose design blasting shelter in the position agreed with the explosives supervisor, the use of vehicles as blasting shelters is prohibited.

9.6.3 When using a ‘sparker’ to initiate the surface lead line at least 1 metre shall be cut from the end and test fired to establish that both the sparker and lead line are satisfactory. The sparker unit shall be retained in the shotfirer’s procession for his period of duty.

9.6.4 When using electrical delay detonators, no person shall use a detonator unless a number indicating the period of delay is clearly marked.

9.6.5 The shotfirer in charge of the shotfiring apparatus shall:

• not place the removable handle or key in position in the exploder until he is about to use the exploder to fire the shot after it has been tested with an ohmmeter

• withdraw the removable handle or key from the exploder immediately after firing a shot,

or attempting to fire a shot • keep the removable handle or key in his possession throughout his period of duty • when firing shots electrically, the shotfirer shall ensure that the cable is of sufficient

length and in good condition to enable him to do so from a place of safety ie the designated blast shelter. The shotfiring cable should be checked for continuity and resistance prior to connecting it to the circuit

• all testing of cables and circuits connected to detonators shall be done from the

designated shelter. The testing should be carried out immediately prior to firing once the blast area has been cleared and the signal warning of an impending blast has been given.

9.7 Shotfiring times and warning system

9.7.1 The explosives supervisor shall ensure that there is sufficient visibility for preparatory work

for shotfiring, the shotfiring operation and any site inspection after the shot is fired so they can be carried out safely.

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9.7.2 Fog, rain and snow may reduce visibility and make it unsafe to blast. These factors and the normal number of daylight hours available shall be considered as part of the blasting specification for each shot by the explosives supervisor.

9.7.3 The firing of shots will take place between 0900 hours and 1700 hours Monday to Friday. Shots will normally be fired at 1200 hours.

9.7.4 No shotfirer shall fire a shot unless he is satisfied it is safe to do so.

9.7.5 The shotfirer will be responsible for the withdrawal of persons from the danger zone prior to firing the shot.

9.7.6 The danger zone is determined by the placing of sentries in positions marked on the blasting specification, which will be arranged between the responsible manager (or his nominated deputy), the explosives supervisor and the shotfirer.

9.7.7 Sentries on duty on the public highway and along the public footpath, will carry a red flag as an aid, to warn people of the blast. The following people are to be informed by telephone of the blast taking place:

• Tarmac Topmix - 813559 • Jewsons building supplies - 812606 • Mrs Jones - 863123

Should the blast exceed 6mm/s on the vibrograph or there be a complaint following the blast the local environmental health officer, Mr K Davies, Clwyd County Council must be informed by telephone 869876. Note: this is the preferred system of warning signals. The audible signal for blasting will be:

• five minutes prior to blasting the warning siren will be sounded continuously for one minute before firing

• all persons not involved in shotfiring duties will shelter (state where) until the

all clear is given • the all clear will only be given after the shotfirer has signalled that the shot

has been fired successfully using the site radio system • the siren will be sounded again for two short periods of ten seconds

indicating - ALL CLEAR.

9.7.8 After each blast the shotfirer shall carry out a post blast inspection once the area is clear of

fume, to check that all holes have fired successfully. The crest shall be examined from a safe distance to check for back-break, overhangs and misfires.

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9.8 Disposal of packaging, deteriorated explosives, fuses and detonators

9.8.1 All packaging that has contained explosives or detonators must be thoroughly examined to

ensure no explosives or detonators remain hidden or lodged within any of the packaging.

9.8.2 The packaging shall be removed to a safe distance from the blast, or any other area where personnel or machinery are present.

9.8.3 After blasting and checking of the stocks, the packaging will be taken apart and burnt under the supervision of an appointed person.

9.8.4 Any deteriorated explosives shall be disposed of upon the advice of the manufacturers and suppliers.

9.9 Unfired shotholes

9.9.1 The shotfirer will be responsible for informing the explosives supervisor and the responsible manager of any unfired shots left at the end of the working day and following advice from the responsible manager and responsible line manager, arrangements shall be made for the close supervision of those shots, by a competent person, until the following day. (For the purpose of supervising unfired shots; competent means someone who has knowledge of explosives and the risks associated with the unfired shots)

10 Misfire Procedure

10.1.1 The responsible manager must report the misfire to the local SHE adviser immediately. Where there is a legal requirement to report misfires to the relevant authority it must be reported in accordance with the Authorities reporting requirements. Any material recovered following a misfire must be retained within an explosives store until the relevant authority have had the opportunity to examine it and have it tested at a laboratory of their choice if they so wish. An entry must be made in the stores record book for the appropriate amount retained. Where there is no store on site where the relevant authority has a requirement this will be adhered to otherwise the material will either be destroyed or immediately sent back to the manufacturer for analysis, via the same transport method that it arrived. The supplier of the explosives shall also always be notified of any misfire. Details shall be recorded in the explosives stock record book.

10.1.2 Misfires shall be reported and investigated in line with company SHE incident requirements.

10.1.3 Misfires shall be dealt with by the explosives supervisors and shotfirer. Basic rules are detailed below, however more comprehensive information is available from industry code of practice publications The explosives supervisor will have to assess each situation individually. Assistance may be required from the explosives suppliers and or the SHE adviser.

10.1.4 When a misfire occurs sentries must remain in position until told otherwise by the explosives supervisor or shotfirer.



Home 10.1.5 Warning signs must be available and be strategically placed to warn any person of the

area where a misfire has occurred and that entry is restricted.

10.1.6 The all clear shall not be sounded until the misfire has been dealt with or the danger zone re-evaluated. This may involve restricting access to the danger area using misfire signs until the shot has been fired or explosives have been retrieved.

10.1.7 A misfire means an occurrence in relation to the firing of shots where:

• type ‘A’ - testing before firing reveals broken continuity which cannot later be rectified; or

• type ‘B’ - A shot or any part of a shot fails to explode when an attempt is made to

fire it.

10.2 Type ‘B’ misfires - sparkers

10.2.1 If a sparker is being used - cut 1 metre of tube and attempt to fire the section of shocktube. If this is successful connect and try again.

10.2.2 If the shocktube off cut will not fire disconnect the starter line and replace with a completely new line. Carry out normal pre check by cutting a 1m section and test fire. If this is successful then attempt to re-fire.

10.2.3 Should the shot not fire after the attempts (detailed above) then a replacement sparker or a detonator exploder should be used.

10.3 Type ‘B’ misfires - exploders

10.3.1 If the detonator fires but does not initiate the starter line then a replacement detonator and starter line shall be used.

10.3.2 Where the misfire is a partially fired shot, a full assessment of the balance of the shot must be undertaken by the explosives supervisor. This may require: • re-profiling of the remaining face • use of buffer materials • assessment of the remaining connectors.

10.3.3 Following a misfire an assessment of the remaining confirmed holes needs to be made by the explosives supervisor. If there are charged holes with insufficient burden to allow them to be fired safely, they should be disconnected from the shot. The explosives supervisor shall determine the method of recovery of unfired explosives from the shotpile.

10.3.4 Should explosives be found in the shotpile or if there is a need to bring the rock face down without firing one or more hole(s) a systematic search of the shotpile must be undertaken, following the preparation of a detailed Risk Assessment and Safe System of Work, under the close and effective supervision of the explosives supervisor. Mineral shall not be processed until the explosives supervisor is satisfied that the mineral is free of explosives.



Home 10.3.5 Any explosives material found within the shotpile must be removed and placed in the

explosives store as soon as practicable. Once the explosive material is removed the mineral can then be processed. Where there is no store on site the material must be disposed of as required by the local authorities, destroyed or removed from the site using the explosive truck it was delivered in

10.3.6 In worst case where it is suspected that explosives may have passed through the processing plant, it may be necessary to carry out an inspection of the plant and all materials on site in bins and stockpiles, under the supervision of the explosives supervisor.

10.3.7 Where explosives are being searched for or retrieved site staff must be briefed regarding the retrieval process and access to the search and retrieval area is restricted to authorised personnel only. Where unfired explosives are visible within the shotpile, the explosives supervisor and the responsible manager shall agree how the explosives are to be guarded until they can be recovered.

10.3.8 Where ammonium nitrate is being used and a hole is not being fired water should be used to de-sensitise the ANFO before firing the balance of the shot.

10.3.9 Where there are explosives visible within the shotpile, the explosives supervisor shall make arrangements for a sentry to prevent access to the area.

11. Monitoring

11.1 Monitoring of adherence to these explosives rules will be carried out at regular intervals in accordance with the Tarmac SHE standard for explosives and blasting operations.

12 Trainee Drillers and Shotfirers

12.1 Trainee Drillers and shotfirers will work in accordance with a written training plan produced by the Explosives Supervisor.

12.2 Trainee Drillers and shotfirers will work under the close personal supervision of an appointed shotfirer at all times.

12.3 Trainees Drillers and shotfirers will undertake an approved shotfiring course as soon as they are deemed ready by the shotfirer.

12.4 On completion of a course of training (practical and theoretical), the trainee shotfirer should be able to demonstrate an adequate understanding of the types of explosives, detonators and shotfiring equipment available, their characteristics and properties.

12.5 The responsible manager shall submit an Explosives Authorisation Request form (appendix 5) when the trainee is considered to be competent to be appointed a shotfirer.

12.6 The responsible manager shall submit an Explosives Authorisation Request form (Appendix 5) when the trainee is considered to be competent to be appointed a driller or shotfirer.

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APPENDIX 2 - AMMONIUM NITRATE STORAGE

1. General requirements

1.1 As a result of previous terrorist activity in the UK the following security and storage

requirements for ammonium nitrate have been developed for all Tarmac sites where such material is stored.

1.2 The requirements apply to the storage of ammonium nitrate on site only, not for ready mixed ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (AN/FO), which is an explosive and must be stored in accordance with the requirements for the storage of explosives.

1.3 The storage of ammonium nitrate must be kept to a minimum. If ammonium nitrate is used regularly, a minimum quantity may need to be stored for each shot but irregular usage should wherever possible be covered by delivery on the day.

1.4 Consideration must be given to using alternative blasting methods such as a blend explosive, supplied by contractors on the day of the blast.

1.5 Within the International Businesses the local legislation requires differing requirements for ammonium Nitrate storage, The required variations to this standard must be brought to the attention of thn International SHE Manager who must sign of any variations.

2. Storage building

2.1 Bagged ammonium nitrate shall be stored securely when not in use in a dedicated store. Only authorised persons shall have access to the store.

2.2 Ammonium nitrate must be stored away from sources of ignition, at least 25m from any fuel or oil storage and protected from spillage. The area around the store must be kept free of flammable material, including vegetation.

2.3 The storage area should be secure, ideally a steel framed shed/container with lockable doors.

2.4 Avoid storing ammonium nitrate outside where there is public access or where it is visible from a place to which the public have access. Where ammonium nitrate is stored outside, always fully cover to conceal the product and to assist in detecting any tampering.

2.5 Storage areas should be constructed to avoid drains, channels or pits where a fire from molten ammonium nitrate could become confined. Where the presence of drains, etc is unavoidable, they should be protected so that molten ammonium nitrate cannot run into them.

2.6 Notices should be kept to a minimum and should not draw unnecessary attention to the contents. Notices to display are:

• no smoking • authorised persons only • oxidising material.

The site emergency procedure should identify the ammonium nitrate store as a potential hazard.



Home2.7 Ensure regular inspections and maintenance of electrical equipment and fittings are carried

out as part of the site maintenance checks

2.8 To help protect ammonium nitrate from fire and to allow access to stacks in an emergency leave a space of at least 1m between the stack and the walls, roof or any electric lights or heating pipes. Ammonium nitrate is an oxidising agent, which in the event of a fire assists other material to burn (ie chemically reacts producing oxygen).

PHOTOGRAPH OF AN AMMONIUM NITRATE STORE

3. Security

3.1 If ammonium nitrate is to be stored in an external compound within the site an effective way is to construct the compound using security fencing.

3.2 Gates shall be of the same security standard as the fence and be fitted with anti-lift hinges.

3.3 Padlocks used to secure gates should be of the closed or concealed shackle type (unless a shroud is provided on the gate itself) and be tested or evaluated to BS EN standard 12320 or equivalent.

3.4 Maintain strict key control for access to the store and ensure that the store keys are secured and can be accounted for.

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3.5 External door sets (including frame, hinges and locks) giving access to the store should

have loss prevention standard 1175 security rating two or equivalent. Existing doors can be reinforced using external steel sheeting - hinge bolts ensuring that locks are fitted.

3.6 Accessible windows, such as those on the ground floor or adjacent to flat roofs, shall be protected by key operated window locks (tested to BS EN 12051), opening restrictions and fitted with 7.5mm laminated glass.

3.7 Tools, plant and vehicles that might be used as a means to gain access to the ammonium nitrate store should be stored securely and immobilised. ANFO mixers should be drained of ammonium nitrate and oil when not in use.

PHOTOGRAPH INSIDE AN AMMONIUM NITRATE STORE

3.8 Ensure that existing security measures are well maintained, regularly inspected and working correctly eg fences, lighting, locks, alarms, CCTV systems.

4. Records and stock control

4.1 A full and complete record of opening stock, receipts, usage and closing stock must be kept and this must be physically checked after each shot using ammonium nitrate and, as a minimum, at least once per week.

4.2 Stock levels should be kept to a minimum.

4.3 The ammonium nitrate store shall be checked visually (externally and internally) for signs of interference as part of the quarry’s daily SHE inspection scheme.



4.4 If checks reveal suspected losses, the responsible manager must check himself to make

sure any differences are not caused through arithmetical or record keeping errors.

4.5 In the event of a suspected theft, the responsible manager must contact their line manager immediately, who will contact the SHE department. the relevant local authority with explosive responsibility must be informed.



APPENDIX 3 - FALL PREVENTION SYSTEMS

The use of fall prevention systems should be considered in order of their

inclusion in this standard, Both methods 1 and 2 are considered equally safe however method 3 and 4 should only be adopted in situations where methods 1 and 2 cannot reasonably be utilised. Method 4 should also be the preferred method when either there is no face protection in place or when installing or removing the post and webbing system.

1. Method 1 – post and webbing system

A system of using steel posts inserted into pre-drilled holes, approximately 1m deep (or utilising

shotholes) connected together by tensioned nylon webbing to provide a physical barrier between the face edge and the drilling and shotfiring operations.

1.1 Equipment

1.1.1 Steel or aluminium posts approximately 2.2m long (1m below ground, 1.2m above ground) with anchor points for webbing strap at 650mm and 1100mm above ground. Posts to be painted yellow or red and white etc to make them highly visible from a distance. Tested to SWL of 3.5 tonnes.

1.1.2 Webbing straps – 15-18m long with ratchet tensioning device at one end. Tested to SWL of 3.5 tonnes.

1.2 System of work

1.2.1 A series of 1m deep holes are pre-drilled 1-2m in front of the line holes to be drilled for the next production shot.

1.2.2 The position of the ‘post holes’ to be determined by a competent person prior to drilling taking place, taking account of likely back break etc. The holes should extend 5m either side of the ‘face’ to be drilled. 5m is only applicable where no other edge protection (eg bund) is in place: • posts are placed in the pre-drilled holes

• the nylon webbing is connected between two posts using the hooks at either end

• the webbing is tensioned using the ‘ratchet system’ attached to the webbing strap

• once tensioned the whole system is examined for signs of fraying etc.

1.2.3 Always work facing the open edge when setting up the post and webbing straps. When working within 5m of the face edge additional fall prevention/restraint system must be used.

1.2.4 The system should be left in position until all the holes have been drilled and charged and be removed once all shotfiring operations have been completed prior to blasting. Where recovery of posts and webbing is required within 5m of face edge restraint system to be used.

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1.2.5 Where a corner has to be protected additional posts and straps will be required.

1.2.6 Should for any reason someone have to work on the face side of the barrier a safety harness and line shall be worn, attached to the webbing straps. (Webbing straps – not a running line, and dangerous practice).

PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ROPE AND CLIP SYSTEM ATTACHED TO THE HARNESS

1.2.7 The working length of the safety line shall be of such a length that it prevents anyone approaching within 1m of the face edge.

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PHOTOGRAPH OF THE ROPE AND CLIP SYSTEM ATTACHED TO THE DRILL RIG

PHOTOGRAPH OF A POST AND WEBBING SYSTEM



Diameter to suit shotholes

1.1m

0.65m

1.2m

1.0m

Ground Level

STEEL POSTS

2. Method 2 - bunding using aggregates

A physical bund similar to those used alongside vehicle haul roads is created along the face edge using any available aggregates or material. The height should be a minimum of 1.1m.

2.1 Equipment

2.1.1 Loading shovel to place material.

2.1.2 Supply of aggregates – any material (other than dust) can be utilised providing it will form a barrier and will not create quality problems within the shotpile.

2.2 System of work

2.2.1 Loading shovel should position bund prior to the previous shot being fired, so as to ensure the loading shovel does not go within 5m of the face edge.

2.2.2 If any part of the bund collapses when the shot is fired causing the bund height to fall below 1.1m. It shall be rebuilt to at least 1.1m before any drilling or shotfiring operations take place. If necessary a long reach excavator or similar machine shall be used to rebuild the bund – under no circumstances should a loading shovel approach within 5m of the face edge.

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2.2.3 A competent person (manager, assistant manager) shall assess the face conditions regarding: • stability • working space • need for a banks man • gradient before plant is used to position the bund.

2.2.4 Aggregates are placed along the edge of the face before any drilling or shotfiring operations

take place.

3. Method 3 – ‘A’ frame barrier

A system of ‘A’-frame barriers 1.1 – 1.2m high x 2 – 2.5m long placed between the driller and shotfirer and the face edge.

3.1 Equipment

3.1.1 Sufficient sets of barriers to provide protection along the length of face where work is being carried out. A minimum of three sets will be required for drilling.

3.1.2 Where the barriers are used to give protection for shotfiring sufficient barriers will be required for the full length of the shot.

3.1.3 Barriers are to be painted yellow or red and white to be highly visible at a distance.

3.2 System of work

3.2.1 The barriers are placed between the open edge and the working area.

3.2.2 Barriers are removed prior to blasting.

2-2.5 m long

0.65m

0.65m

1.2m

1.1m

A- FRAME BARRIER

Mild steel tubeing 50mm outside diameter 46mm inside diameter

Ground Level

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4. Method 4 - individual harness and Belay line

A system of securing the person using a safety harness and running line as for method 1

attached to a Belay line (anchor Belay posts as described in method 1).

4.1 Equipment: • safety harness for driller or shotfirer

• Running line (method 1) such that the working length will not allow the use to approach

within 1m of the face edge

• secure Belay line or anchor point.

4.2 System of work

4.2.1 The person wears the safety harness with the running line and attaches it to the anchor point or belay line whenever approaching within 5m of the face edge.

Belay Line

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Belay line post Intermediate post Home



APPENDIX 4 – STANDARD AUTHORISATION LETTERS (appendix letters, 4.1 – 4.10) 1. Letter of authorisation for an explosives supervisor (who is also the responsible

manager)

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Dear Letter of Authorisation - explosives supervisor (who is also the responsible manager) health and safety responsibilities You are appointed as an explosives supervisor for (name of quarry) as from (date) and have the day-to-day control of the storage, handling and use of explosives at the quarry. You are required to ensure that: • explosives are stored, handled and used in a manner, which is without risk to the health and safety of persons on

or off site, and bring anything which may adversely affect this to the responsible manager’s attention immediately • an adequate written blast specification is produced for each blast • the quarry explosives rules relating to the storage, handling and use of explosives are followed • equipment used for shotfiring is suitable and safe and site conditions are in line with the blast specification before

work with explosives begins • that explosives are only kept in the approved store unless they are being transported or are being used and

accurate records are maintained • carry out a physical stock check of the explosives store at least once per month and record this in the store

record book • only authorised persons carry out work with explosives • monitor and audit the explosives rules in accordance with the company requirements. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities or any other imposed on you by legislation or company standard you should bring the matter to the attention of your line manager immediately. You have been provided with three copies of this authorisation letter, will you please sign all the copies, retain one for your own personal records, file one copy in the quarry SHE management system files and return one to myself. Yours sincerely (Name) Production director Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation as explosives supervisor for (name of quarry) quarry effective from (date). I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules, I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities. I am not a prohibited person as defined by Tarmac. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print…………………………………………..



2. Letter of authorisation for an explosives supervisor (who is not the responsible

manager)

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Dear Letter of authorisation - explosives supervisor (who is not the responsible manager) health and safety responsibilities You are appointed as an explosives supervisor for (name of quarry) as from (date) and have the day-to-day control of the, handling and use of explosives at the quarry. The responsible manager has the responsibility for the storage of explosives within the Explosives store and the overall responsibility to co-ordinate all activities on site including those involving explosives. You shall liaise with the responsible manager at all times You are required to ensure that: • explosives are handled and used in a manner which is without risk to the health and safety of persons on or off

site, and bring anything which may adversely affect this to the responsible managers attention immediately • an adequate written blast specification is produced for each blast • the quarry explosives rules relating to the storage, handling and use of explosives are followed • equipment used for shotfiring is suitable and safe and site conditions are in line with the blast specification before

work with explosives begins • that explosives are only kept in the approved store unless they are being transported or are being used and

accurate records are maintained • only authorised persons carry out work with explosives • monitor and audit the explosives rules in accordance with the company requirements. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities or any other imposed on you by legislation or company standard you should bring the matter to the attention of the responsible manager immediately. You have been provided with three copies of this authorisation letter, will you please sign all the copies, retain one for your own personal records, return one to the responsible manager (to be filed at the quarry) and return one to myself. Yours sincerely (name) Production director Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation as explosives supervisor for (name of quarry) quarry effective from (date). I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules. I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities. I am not a prohibited person as defined by Tarmac. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print…………………………………………..



3. Letter of authorisation for a shotfirer

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Dear Letter of authorisation - shotfirer health and safety responsibilities You are appointed as a shotfirer for (name of quarry) quarry as from (date) and have the day-to-day control of shotfiring operations involving the use of explosives at the quarry and the supervision of trainee shotfirers. You are required to ensure that: • the quarry explosives rules relating to the storage, handling and use of explosives are followed • equipment used for shotfiring is suitable and safe and site conditions are inline with the blasting specification

before work with explosives begins • trainee shotfirers work under your direct close personal supervision. Before any shot is fired: • check the shotfiring system or circuit to ensure that it has been connected correctly • where electrical detonators are used, ensure they have been correctly connected to the shotfiring system or

circuit and that the shotfiring system or circuit is tested with a suitable instrument for the purpose from a position of safety

• where appropriate, ensure that the electrical integrity of the shotfiring system or circuit is such as to make a misfire unlikely

• ensure that all shot are fired from a safe place. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities or any other imposed on you by legislation or company standard you should bring the matter to the attention of your explosives supervisor immediately. You have been provided with three copies of this authorisation letter, will you please sign all the copies, retain one for your own personal records, return one to the responsible manager (to be filed at the quarry) and return one to myself. Yours sincerely (name) Production director Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation as shotfirer for (name of quarry) effective from (date). I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules. I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities. I am not a prohibited person as defined by Tarmac. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print…………………………………………….



4. Letter of authorisation for a trainee shotfirer

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Dear Letter of authorisation - trainee shotfirer health and safety responsibilities You are appointed as a trainee shotfirer for (name of quarry) quarry as from (date) You will work under the close personal supervision of the shotfirer at all times. Your development will be assessed by the explosives supervisor in consultation with the shotfirer and myself. Particular assessment shall be made to your attitude regarding safety and security of explosives. You are required to ensure that: • the quarry explosives rules relating to the storage, handling and use of explosives are followed. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities or any other imposed on you by legislation or company standard you should bring the matter to the attention of your supervising shotfirer immediately. You have been provided with two copies of this authorisation letter. Will you please sign both copies, retain one for your own personal records and return the other to myself. Yours sincerely (name) Responsible Manager Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation as trainee shotfirer for (name of quarry) effective from (date) I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules. I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities. I am not a prohibited person as defined by Tarmac. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print…………………………………………..



5. Letter of authorisation for an explosives storekeeper

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Dear Letter of authorisation - explosives storekeeper health and safety responsibilities You are appointed as an explosives storekeeper for (name of quarry) quarry as from (date) and have the day-to-day control of the storage of explosives at the quarry. You are required to ensure that: • the quarry explosives rules relating to the storage, handling and use of explosives are followed • explosives are stored in a manner, which is without risk to the health and safety of persons on or off site, and

bring anything which may adversely affect this to the explosives supervisor’s attention immediately • the store capacity is not exceeded. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities or any other imposed on you by legislation or company policy/procedure you should bring the matter to the attention of your explosives supervisor immediately. You have been provided with two copies of this authorisation letter. Will you please sign both copies, retain one for your own personal records and return the other to myself. Yours sincerely (name) Responsible Manager Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation as an explosives storekeeper for (name of quarry) effective from (date). I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules. I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities in accordance with sections 2.6 2.7, and all of section 3. I am not a prohibited person as defined by Tarmac. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print…………………………………………….



6. Letter of authorisation to handle explosives

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Dear Letter of authorisation - to handle explosives health and safety responsibilities You are appointed to handle explosives for (name of quarry) quarry as from (date) to assist with the storage, handling and use of explosives at the quarry. You are required to ensure that: • the quarry explosives Rules relating to the storage, handling and transportation of explosives are followed • you only work under the instruction and supervision of the explosives supervisor, explosives storekeeper or

shotfirer. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities or any other imposed on you by legislation or company standard you should bring the matter to the attention of your explosives supervisor immediately. You have been provided with two copies of this authorisation letter. Will you please sign both copies, retain one for your own personal records and return the other to myself. Yours sincerely (name) Responsible Manager Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation to handle explosives for (name of quarry) effective from (date). I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules. I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities in accordance with sections 2.7 and all of section 4. I am not a prohibited person as defined by Tarmac. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print…………………………………………..



7. Letter of authorisation to handle ammonium nitrate

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Dear Letter of authorisation - to handle ammonium nitrate health and safety responsibilities You are appointed to handle ammonium nitrate for (name of quarry) quarry as from (date) to assist with the storage, handling and use of explosives at the quarry. You are required to ensure that: • the quarry explosives rules relating to the storage, handling and transportation of ammonium nitrate are followed • you only work under the instruction and supervision of the explosives supervisor, explosives storekeeper or

shotfirer. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities or any other imposed on you by legislation or company standard you should bring the matter to the attention of your explosives supervisor immediately. You have been provided with two copies of this authorisation letter. Will you please sign both copies, retain one for your own personal records and return the other to myself. Yours sincerely (name) Responsible Manager Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation to handle ammonium nitrate for (name of quarry) effective from (date). I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules. I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities in accordance with sections 3.4. I am not a prohibited person as defined by Tarmac. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print…………………………………………..



8. Letter of authorisation to act as a shotfiring sentry

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Dear Letter of authorisation - to act as a shotfiring sentry health and safety responsibilities You are appointed to act as a shotfiring sentry for (name of quarry) quarry as from (date) You are required to ensure that: • you take up the position designated by the shotfirer in adequate time before the blast takes place • you must ensure that no person enters the danger zone you are responsible for prior to the blast taking place • you must signal to the shotfirer if anyone enters the danger zone prior to the blast taking place in the manner set

out in the quarry explosives rules • you must not leave your position until the all clear signal has been given. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities you should inform your explosives supervisor immediately. You have been provided with two copies of this authorisation letter. Will you please sign both copies, retain one for your own personal records and return the other to myself. Yours sincerely (name) Responsible Manager Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation to act as a shotfiring sentry for (name of quarry) effective from (date). I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules. I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities in accordance with sections 2.8 & 9.7. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print…………………………………………….



9. Letter of authorisation for a profiler or surveyor

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Dear Letter of authorisation - to act as a profiler surveyor health and safety responsibilities You are appointed to act as a profiler surveyor for (name of quarry) quarry as from (date) You are required to ensure that: • you carry out your duties in accordance with the quarry explosives rules and the training you have received in the

correct use of the profiling equipment and software • your duties will include the profiling of faces and the surveying of shotholes • you shall ensure the surveying equipment is tested and checked in accordance with the training you have been

given each time it is used • if you have any reason to believe the equipment or software is not functioning correctly you should notify the

explosives supervisor immediately. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities you should inform you explosives supervisor immediately. You have been provided with two copies of this authorisation letter. Will you please sign both copies, retain one for your own personal records and return the other to myself. Yours sincerely (name) Responsible Manager Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation to act as a profiler surveyor for (name of quarry) effective from (date). I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules. I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities in accordance with sections 2.8, and all of section 7. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print……………………………………………



10. Letter of authorisation for a driller

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Dear Letter of authorisation - to act as a driller health and safety responsibilities You are appointed to act as a driller for (name of quarry) quarry as from (date) You are required to ensure that: • carry out your duties in accordance with the quarry explosives rules • ensure that adequate and effective fall prevention system(s) and equipment is used at all times when

within the 5 metre danger zone of a face edge. • carry out the daily health, safety and environmental checks on the rig and record these on the checklist.

Report any defects which could affect HS&E immediately to the explosives supervisor or responsible manager

• ensure that rig is set up correctly and a full and accurate drilling log is made for each hole. Should you find you are unable to comply with these responsibilities you should inform you explosives supervisor and responsible manager immediately. You have been provided with two copies of this authorisation letter. Will you please sign both copies, retain one for your own personal records and return the other to myself. Yours sincerely (name) Responsible Manager Acknowledgement of authorisation I acknowledge my authorisation to act as a driller for (name of quarry) effective from (date). I have been issued with a copy of the quarry explosives rules. I have read and understand my health and safety duties and responsibilities in accordance with sections 2.10, and all of section 5 & 6. Signed ……………………………………….. Date ………………………….. Print……………………………………………



APPENDIX 5 – AUTHORISATION REQUEST FORM 1. Explosives authorisation request form

TARMAC LIMITED EXPLOSIVES AUTHORISATION REQUEST FORM

Unit: Business area:

Name of applicant :

Name and address of employer if a contractor:

Authorisation requested (* delete those NOT required) Explosive supervisor* Shotfirer* Storekeeper* Trainee

shotfirer* To handle explosives*

Profiler/ surveyor*

Driller*

Qualifications and experience EPIC Explosives Supervisor Certificate no.: Date of issue:

EPIC blast design Certificate no.: Date of issue:

NVQ shotfiring Certificate no.: Date of issue:

NVQ Explosives Supervisor Certificate no.: Date of issue:

Other give details:

Training and experience:

References (required for contractors and new employees, attach copies to this request)

Practical assessment and on site interview Assessment checklist to be completed and attached to this form (Appendix 4 section 2&3)

Carried out by: Position:

Carried out at: Date:

Comments:

Prohibited Persons (to be signed by the appointee): I confirm that I do not have any convictions (and none are pending), which would prohibit me from being employed to handle or use explosives. Signed : Date :

On the basis of the enquiries and checks made I am satisfied that the above named individual is competent to fulfil the authorisations requested

Action Signed Position Date

Prepared*/approved* by: Responsible manager

Prepared*/approved* by: Responsible line manager

Approved by: Production director * Delete as appropriate



2. Explosives Supervisor Assessment Checklist

ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST for an

EXPLOSIVES SUPERVISOR AUTHORISATION Aspect

Yes/No

Understanding of legal requirements, explosives supervisor’s role and quarry explosives rules

The importance of the security of explosives

Understanding of store control and record keeping

Edge protection and barrier requirements

Interpretation of profile and probe information for hole setting

Face inspection and setting out position of blast holes for the driller

Organising and planning the blast

Completing the blasting specification - understanding of profiles, probes and drilling information, required blast sequencing and pattern - including any anomalies

Liaison with shotfirer detailing instructions for the shotfiring operation including danger zone, loading rates, blasting time and sentry requirements

Understanding of procedure for misfires and company reporting requirements

Understanding of procedure for explosives supervisor authorisation register and handover procedures

Ordering and stock control

Environmental considerations such as warning neighbours and vibration monitoring

Understanding of the monitoring and audit requirements.

Name of person being assessed

Signature of assessor

Date

The completed form should be attached to the Explosives Authorisation Request Form

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3. Shotfirer Assessment Checklist

ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST For an

SHOTFIRER AUTHORISATION Aspect

Yes/No

Understanding of regulations, shotfirer role, quarry explosives rules

The importance of the security of explosives

Pre-blast face and shot hole inspections

Condition of vehicle and tools used for shotfiring

Liaison with explosives supervisor and site personnel re blasting time location and danger zone

Storage, carriage and handling of explosives and detonators (including store records where appropriate

Understanding and adherence to blasting specification and specific loading requirements

Loading techniques, stemming quality, connector and detonator coupling including record of loading and rate of checks in each hole

Ensure second person check of connections prior to good coverage of connectors and shock tubing

Returns any surplus material to store - never leaves the site unattended

Control of actual blast including, clearance of danger zone, placing of sentries, warning signals and blast itself

Post blast inspection from side and/or below (shows understanding of what looking for)

Understands what constitutes a misfire and what procedure is for dealing with

Ensures that no explosive residue in boxes before burning in safe place post blast

Completes paperwork following blast and has adequate de-brief with explosives supervisor

Name of person being assessed

Signature of assessor

Date

The completed form should be attached to the Explosives Authorisation Request Form

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Tarmac Group SHE Standard 007 – Explosive and Blasting Operations

Version 01, Draft 05 Page 59 of 78 January 2009

APPENDIX 6 - EXPLOSIVES SUPERVISOR APPOINTMENT REGISTER

EXPLOSIVES SUPERVISOR APPOINTMENT REGISTER

Quarry:

Business area: Page:

This register records the appointment of the explosives supervisor and the period the appointment is effective. The responsible manager shall ensure that only one person acting as explosives supervisor at any one time. Name (Print) Effective from Until Signed explosives supervisor Signed responsible

manager date time date time Home


APPENDIX 7 – RISK ASSESSMENT METHOD STATEMENT FOR TOE/HORIZONTAL DRILLING AND BLASTING RISK ASSESSMENT AND METHOD STATEMENT FOR TOE/HORIZONTAL DRILLING AND BLASTING Extra caution should be exercised when drilling and blasting holes below faces. This document will be used as an addition to the normal method statements and risk assessments and will be incorporated into the blasting specification. The following assessment should be carried for all operations carried out under a face by the explosives supervisor, driller shotfirer and responsible manager. Be aware that drilling holes at the base of a face is likely to breach the Golden Rules. It is far better to leave the toe and come back to it once subsequent blasts have been cleared and the toe is away from the face. A copy shall be given to anyone affected by these operations. 1. Are toe/horizontal holes the only option? Yes / No

2. How stable is the face? Good /

Moderate / Loose

3. Is there sufficient space to set the rig up at least one drill rod away or is a remote control rig being used?

Yes / No/ remote control rig

4. Is a second person required? Yes / No

5. Who is responsible for the supply of the second man? Operator / Contractor

6. Is there other plant operating in the vicinity? Yes / No

7. Is it considered safe to carry out the operation? Yes / No

If after the above points have been considered and it is considered safe to continue the following method will be adopted. 1. The drill rig will be set up with the mast as far from the face as practical and in a manner that does not

leave the driller with no means of escape or a remote control rig is to be used.

2. The driller will spend a minimum of time as possible at the rig and position the plant in order that it offers the maximum amount of protection from falling objects

4. No work shall be carried out on the face above whilst activities are being carried out below and access to the top of the face will be restricted by the following method(s):State method to be used

5. Where a second person is required then they will have an agreed means of communication.

6. When charging then only the minimum number of people should be in the vicinity.

7. Initiation systems will be covered to prevent damage from falling rocks including the use of rubber matting and minimum 200mm of mill waste to help prevent projected material.

Unit manager

Date

Explosives supervisor and shotfirer

Date

(page 1 of 2) Home



Risk Assessment for Drilling and Blasting below faces Site: Blast Ref: Date: Blast Location:

Toe/Horizontal hole blasting (Check appropriate box)

Final face production drilling Has the use of horizontal holes been approved in accordance with section 5.3 of SHE standard 007

(Page 2 of 2)

Are toe/horizontal holes the only option? Yes/No

Does the geotechnical assessment indicate any hazard making it unsafe to commence? Yes/No

Will remedial work or cessation of other operations remove the hazard? Yes/No

Is the face stable and free from potential falling rock? Yes/No

Brief description of works/actions

Have works removed hazard? Yes/No /no more required

Is a second man required to spot minor falling rocks? Yes/No

Who is to supply second man? Operations/Contractor

Commence with vigilance and care. Complete right hand column as indicated Do not commence work

Yes No

Yes

No

No

1.Risk assessment completed and considered safe to continue. Sign Print Date Site ___ ____ ____ Supervisor Shotfirer

2.Risk re-assessed by driller and safe to drill. Sign Print Date Driller ___ ___ ___ Day 1 Driller ___ ___ ___ Day 2 Driller ___ ___ ___ Day 3 Driller ___ ___ ___ Day 4

3.Risk re-assessed by shotfirer and prior to charging. Sign Print Date Shotfirer ___ ___ ___ Day 1 Shotfirer Shotfirer ___ ___ ___ Day 2

No operations to commence until part 1 signed by site supervisor and shotfirer. You must re-assess the risk at the start of each day and sign if safe before continuing work. IF YOU ARE CONCERNED IN ANY WAY ABOUT THE RISK STOP AND SEEK HELP FROM YOUR SUPERVISOR.

Is it necessary to undertake final face blasting Yes/No

Yes

Yes

Yes No

No

No

No

More reqd.

Yes

Yes

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APPENDIX 8 – BLASTING SEQUENCING FORM BLASTING CHECKLIST Quarry: Blast ref.: Area of quarry: Drilling Date holes were drilled Has the drilling log been completed and used as part of the blast design? Yes / No If no state why: Surveying Has the face been surveyed? Yes / No By whom: Date surveyed: If no state why and what methods were used: Has the holes been surveyed using a probe or boretrack? Yes / No By whom: Date surveyed: If no state why and what methods were used: Blasting specification Has a physical examination of the blast area been carried out to ensure that actual conditions are reflected in the blasting specification

Yes / No

By whom: Date : Has a blasting specification been prepared and countersigned by the explosives supervisor as being adequate?

Yes / No

Prepared by Date : If no state why? Has the danger zone and blasting time been agreed between the responsible manager, explosives supervisor and shotfirer and marked on a plan?

Yes / No

If no state why? Is a blasting shelter available in a safe location to fire the shot Yes / No Shotfiring checks Has the shot been loaded in accordance with the blasting specification If no give details:

Yes / No

Were chippings (10 – 14mm) used for any stemming Yes / No Have all surface connectors been checked by a second person and covered with at least 200 mm dust for protection

Yes / No

By whom: Date : Having made all the necessary checks is the shot safe to fire? Yes / No Comments: Position Signed Date: Time: Explosives supervisor Shotfirer Responsible manager

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APPENDIX 9 – BOREHOLE PROBE – FIELD CHECK RECORDING FORM BOREHOLE DEVIATION-SURVEYING PROBE - FIELD CHECKS Site : Region: Probe and boretrack: details serial no etc. Azimuth: +/-2% Inclination : +/- 0.5% Depth : +/- 0.1m Hole 1 Hole 2 Hole 3 Azimuth Inclin. Depth Azimuth Inclin. Depth Azimuth Inclin. Depth Sign Date Standard Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009 Q2 2009 Q3 2009 Q4 2009 Q1 2010 Q2 2010 Q3 2010 Q4 2010 Comments: Home



APPENDIX 10 – FACE PROFILING LASER – FIELD CHECKS RECORDING FORM LASER FACE-PROFILING EQUIPMENT - FIELD CHECKS Site : Region: Laser: details serial no etc. Residuals Spread of heights Fault conclusion Maximum tolerance

0.3m Maximum tolerance 1.0m

Faulty item Action taken

Pass Fail

Pass Fail

Target Laser Site rectified

Factory check

Sign Date

Q1 2008 Q2 2008 Q3 2008 Q4 2008 Q1 2009 Q2 2009 Q3 2009 Q4 2009 Q1 2010 Q2 2010 Q3 2010 Q4 2010 Comments: Home


APPENDIX 9 – Blast Specification – Information Pack Blast Specification Contents List 1 Blasting Sequencing Form (app 8) including - Blast Reference number

2 Blast Summary Report

3 Explosive Supervisors Pre-Blast check sheet

4 Drillers log

5 Shothole Loading diagrams

6 Face inspection Record

7 All Laser profiling and Boretrack information - printouts

8 3D Printout of the shot to be fired

9 Initiation Plan

10 Quarry plan showing danger zone and sentry positions

11 Blast Loading Record

12 Delivery Record

13 Store Record

14

Explosives Supervisor ____________________________ Shotfirer ____________________________ Assistants ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Date of Blast ____________________________ Time fired ____________________________ ____________________________ Signed Quarry Manager Home



Drill and Blast Report Date _________________________ Blast Quarry Name ______________________ Reference Rig Number __________________________ Customer Order ___________________ Number Average Burden ____________________m Post Blast Comments ______________ Average Spacing ____________________m ________________________________ ________________________________ Average Face Height ____________________m ________________________________ Rock Density ____________________T/cm ________________________________ No of Holes ____________________ MIC _____ Kg Blast Ratio ____T/Kg Total Tonnage ____________________ T

Seismograph serial number Hole Diameter ______________________mm Shotfirer ______________________ Blast Time ______________________

Location :

AOP dBI PPV mm/s

Quarry Authorisation/Supervisor ______________________________ Total Explosives Purchased/Used Type Qty Kg Type Qty No

Truck Details Truck Number Truck Supplier Arrival/start time Excess Items Destroyed in Blast

Extra Costs to be charged Drilling Section Total Hole depth fired _________________mPost Holes total _________________m Re-drilling total _________________m

Drill log sheet no ______________________ Total Metres drilled ___________________m Driller ______________________________

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Explosives Supervisors Pre blast - Check Sheet

Site ____________________________ Blast Reference ________________________ Site Preparation Access Roads Clear Restraint system in place Edge Protection Face Survey

Inspection carried out All profiles present Plan view Modifications noted In hole measurements Drill log complete Angles of inclination and direction measured Blast design Loading Diagrams approved Sequence approved and checked Modifications noted Danger Zone identified Shotfiring Blast loaded as planned Blast sequence as planned Shelter in safe position Direct Notification of personnel required Post firing inspection comments Blast Records Complete Home



DRILLING LOG 20652 Site Name _____________________________ Blast No _______________________ Location ____________________________________________________________ Drill Rig No _________________ Nominal Burden __________________m Nominal Spacing ________m Face Height _______m Hole Diameter _______m Date Hole no Angle Depth in Metres Hole log Legend

.. Hard rock SR Soft Rock LR Loose Rock SH Shale CL Clay O Cavity // other

Design Actual Design Actual 0 – 2 2 – 4 4 – 6 6 – 8 8 – 10 10 – 12 12 – 14 14 – 16 16 – 18 18 – 20 20 -22 22 – 24 24 - 26 Comments

Authorised signature ___________________________________________ Drillers Name ___________________________________________ Drillers Signature ___________________________________________

Plan/Other Remarks

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SHOTHOLE LOADING DIAGRAMS

Blast reference Quarry Name Sheet ________ of ______

Location of blast in Quarry

Hole

No

Ta

rget

Actua;l Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 S 2 S 2 S 2 S 2 S 2 S 2 S 2 S 2 S 2 S 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

Comments or loading problems attention

Total Charge – kg

Key S Stemming AD Air Deck P Primer

Nominal burden m Hole diameter mm Min critical burden m Loading Rate kg/m Nominal Spacing m Designed Charge total kg

MIC - kg

Designer Date Approved Shotfirer Explosives Supervisor



Quarry ________________________________________________ Face Inspection Sheet Blast No _______________________________________________ Sheet _________________________ of ________ FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FI FI Comments

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 HOLE NO

Depth in m 0 – 1

1 – 2

2 – 3

3 – 4

4 – 5

5 – 6

6 – 7

7 – 8

9 – 10

11 – 12

13 – 14

15 – 16

17 – 18

19 – 20

21 – 22

Legend .. Hard Rock SR Soft Rock LR Loose Rock SH Shale CL Clay 0 Cavity // Other FV = front view SV = side view Shotfirer _______________________________________ Date ___________________________________

Explosives Supervisor ____________________________________________ Date ____________________________________ Home



INITIATION PLAN

Sketch blast detonation sequence for the blast here.

Items required Key

Starter line

17ms 25ms 33ms 42ms 67ms 109ms Other

Designer _____________________________ Date __________________________ Approved ________________________

Explosives Supervisor


APPENIDX 11 – EXPLOSIVE AND BLASTING OPERATIONS AUDIT EXPLOSIVES AUDIT Page: 1 of 7 Quarry :

Region:

1. Explosives rules Carried out by : Date : 1.1 Have the generic explosives rules been revised and made site specific?

Yes/ No

1.2 Have these been approved by the responsible line manager and SHE adviser?

Yes / No

1.3 Is there evidence that these have been issued and explained to each person who has a responsibility under them?

Yes / No

1.4 Are the rules displayed in a prominent place?

Yes / No

2. Authorisations Carried out by : Date : 2.1 Are all persons involved with the storage, handling or use of explosives

and drilling operations authorised and are copies retained within the SHE files?

Yes / No

2.2 Is the explosives supervisor appointment register being maintained?

Yes / No

3. Explosives receipt and storage Carried out by : Date : 3.1 Are delivery notes being signed by the storekeeper and being filed in the

SHE document?

Yes / No

3.2 Are detailed records of all explosives being received or issued being maintained in the Tarmac Record Book for the Recording of Explosives Acquired and Kept at Quarries?

Yes / No

3.3 Is access into the explosives store by two-man dual-key system? Are keys kept in a secure place when not in the custody of the key holders

Yes / No

3.4 Are explosives stacked well away from the store walls and is stock being rotated?

Yes / No

3.5. Is the store capacity being adhered to? State store capacity:

Yes / No

3.6 Is there a valid store licence? State expiry date:

Yes / No

3.7 Is there a valid acquire and keep certificate? State expiry date:

Yes / No

3.8 Is the store clean and free of dirt/grit and contains nothing other than explosives, a broom or rubber overshoes?

Yes / No

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EXPLOSIVES AUDIT Page: 2 of 7 3.9 Is the storekeeper aware of the need to set the alarm as soon as

possible after closing the store?

Yes / No

3.10 Is the area around the store (25m) kept free of weeds or any other source of fire

Yes / No

Ammonium nitrate NA Carried out by : Date : 3.11 Is the ammonium nitrate store clean, dry and well ventilated?

Yes / No

3.12 Is the store and the area around it (25m) free of vegetation, fuel or oil including spillages?

Yes / No

3.13 Are ammonium nitrate and fuel oil transported separately to the blasting site?

Yes / No

3.14 Does the store comply with the current regulations relating to security? Yes / No

4. Transport of explosives Carried out by : Date : 4.1 Are there designated vehicles for transporting explosives?

Yes / No

Do they: 4.1.1 Display an explosives sign?

Yes / No

4.1.2 Have a roof mounted red or amber beacon?

Yes / No

4.1.3 Carry suitable fire extinguishers?

Yes / No

4.1.4 Is the part of the vehicle used to carry explosives clean and free of dirt/grit?

Yes / No

4.1.5 Is only essential shotfiring equipment carried in the vehicle?

Yes / No

4.1.6 Is a safety chain used with any trailer?

Yes / No / NA

4.1.7 Is the trailer tow bar connected by the proper coupling with a safety pin in place?

Yes / No / NA

4.2 Is there a compartment for transporting detonators and does it meet the design criteria in the explosives and blasting rules section 4.9? is it kept locked until the detonators are required at the blast site?

Yes / No

4.3 Is an approved route for the transport of explosives shown on the blast plan?

Yes / No

4.4 Is the vehicle parked securely at the blast site?

Yes / No

Home Version 01, Draft 05 Page 73 of 78 January 2009


EXPLOSIVES AUDIT Page: 3 of 7 5. Fall prevention systems Carried out by : Date : 5.1 Is a fall prevention system in use for drilling and Shotfiring activities?

Give details of system used:

Yes / No

5.2 Is there a formal inspection regime in place to ensure that the fall prevention system is used and well maintained?

Yes / No

5.3 Have there been any instances within the last 6 months of the system not having been used? If yes give details

Yes / No

6. Drilling Carried out by : Date : 6.1 Are safety chains and whiplash preventers used between all flexible hose

connections on airlines?

Yes / No

6.2 Are the rig, dust collector, compressor and ancillary equipment in good condition? If no give details:

Yes / No

6.3 Is the mast guard in place and being used?

Yes / No

6.4 Does the driller have an inclinometer in good condition to set up the rig?

Yes / No

6.5 Is the driller provided with a drilling plan setting out the layout of the holes including burden, spacing, angle, depth etc?

Yes / No

6.6 Does the driller produce an accurate drilling log? Yes / No

7. Face and shot hole surveying Carried out by : Date : 7.1 Is all the surveying equipment in good condition?

Yes / No

7.2 Is 3D profiling used? If no state why not

Yes / No

7.3 Are all front row and open end shotholes checked using a down the hole probe/boretrack as a minimum? If not state why not

Yes / No

7.4 Are regular field checks of the equipment made and recorded on the surveying equipment register?

Yes / No

7.6 Are calibration and service records available?

Yes / No

Are all persons carrying out surveying and profiling certificated?

Yes / No

8. Blasting specification Carried out by: Date : 8.1 Are adequate blasting specifications being prepared for each blast?

Do they address:

Yes / No



EXPLOSIVES AUDIT Page: 4 of 7 8.1.1 The part of the quarry where minerals are to be broken up or loosened by

the blast, shown on a plan.

Yes / No

8.1.2 The intended hole positions, marked on a drilling plan, showing the length, diameter and the angle of inclination and direction at which the drill is to be set for each hole.

Yes / No

8.1.3 Does each shot have a uniquely identifiable blast number and the surface position and number or other identifier for each shot hole referenced to the OS grid?

Yes / No

8.1.4 The angle of inclination, direction, length and diameter and the extent of any sub-grade drilling for each completed shot hole.

Yes / No

8.1.5 Where environmental blast monitoring takes place are the results stored with the blasting specification documentation

Yes / No

8.1.6 Where the minerals form a face and provide the profiles or other data required to determine the burden around each shot hole.

Yes / No

8.1.7 Any geological anomalies, which could affect the blast, in particular those identified during drilling and inspection. These include the presence of cavities, clay bands, joint planes, bedding planes or discontinuities.

Yes / No

8.1.8 Using the available information, (particularly that information from items 4, 5 and 6, shown using plans and sections), the burden for each shot hole should be determined and consequently the amount, type and placement of explosives to be used, so that the blast can be carried out safely.

Yes / No

8.1.9 The amount, type and position of explosives, the description and position of any detonator and the type and position of any stemming or air decking actually used for each shot hole.

Yes / No

8.1.10 The system of initiation, including full details of any delay sequence and timing.

Yes / No

8.1.11 The danger zone, shotfiring position and sentry positions should be determined (these must be marked on a plan).

Yes / No

8.1.12 The visibility and other precautions required to minimise the risk of:

• material being projected by the blast • misfires and • injury during inspection of the site before and after the blast.

Yes / No Yes / No Yes / No

8.1.13 The date and timing of the blast and prevailing weather conditions.

Yes / No

8.2 Does the explosives supervisor check and authorise the adequacy of the blast design?

Yes / No

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EXPLOSIVES AUDIT Page: 5 of 7 8.3 Are the blasting checklists completed prior to each blast?

Yes / No

8.4 Is the danger zone agreed by the explosives supervisor, shotfirer, relevant Local Authority (where applicable) and responsible manager and is it clearly marked on a plan?

Yes / No

9. Shotfiring operations Carried out by : Date : 9.1 Are all shotfiring operations carried out under the supervision of an

appointed shotfirer or explosives supervisor?

Yes / No

9.2 Is fall prevention in place during shotfiring operations?

Yes / No

9.3 Are smoking and naked lights prohibited within 10m of the blast site?

Yes / No

9.4 Are suitable primers being used (if required) and placed in the correct location within the shothole as detailed on the loading sheet?

Yes / No/ NA

9.5 Does the location of the blasting shelter take into account the safety of those using it?

Yes / No

9.6 Is no more than one container of explosives (of any one type) open at any time?

Yes / No

9.7 Are two detonators used within each hole or deck/column?

Yes / No

9.8 Is the column rise checked regularly as required in the manager’s rules?

Yes / No

9.9 Are 10-14mm chippings used to stem the holes?

Yes / No

Connecting shocktubes 9.10 Are all connections checked by the person making them and then

wrapped with tape or sprayed with paint?

Yes / No

9.11 Are all connections double-checked by a second person and the wrapped with insulating tape or sprayed with paint?

Yes / No

9.12 Are all surface connections covered with at least 200mm of dust/chippings?

Yes / No

9.13 Is the blast area kept clean and tidy?

Yes / No

Firing the shot 9.14 Does only the shotfirer have access to the exploder and sparker?

Yes / No

9.15 Is a purpose made blasting shelter provided and used to fire the shot from?

Yes / No

9.16 Are sentries posted according to the danger zone plan prior to blasting taking place?

Yes / No



EXPLOSIVES AUDIT Page: 6 of 7 Post Blast Inspection 9.17 Is a post blast inspection carried out from a place of safety?

Yes / No

9.18 Are the blasting techniques creating safe and stable faces? If no give details:

Yes / No

9.19 Is the rock pile that is produced suitable or the processing and equipment in use?

Yes / No

9.20 Has there been an improvement in the blast ratio since the last audit also state the previous and current blast ratios?

Yes / No

9.21 Has the type of explosives or manufacturer changed in the last 12 months?

Yes / No

9.22 Has this change of explosive or manufacturer adversely affected blasting performance?

Yes / No

Disposal of packaging etc 9.23 Is all packaging searched for explosives before being burnt on site?

Yes / No

9.24 Is all packaging burnt on site?

Yes / No

10. Monitoring Carried out by : Date : 10.1 Is there evidence that the explosives supervisor has been carrying out

regular blasting checks

Yes / No

10.2 Is the explosives rules monitoring log being maintained?

Yes / No

10.3 Is photographic evidence taken prior and post the blast?

Yes / No

10.4 Is Video footage taken of each blast? Yes / No

10.5 If the answer to 10.4 is ‘yes’ is it taken from a safe position? Yes / No

10.6 Has there been any misfire’s reported since the last audit? Yes / No

10.7 Is there any evidence that a misfire has occurred and not been reported since the last audit?

Yes / No

10.8 Is there environmental monitoring required? Yes / No

10.9 If environmental monitoring is required have any of the specified limits been exceeded since the last audit?

Yes / No

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EXPLOSIVES AUDIT Page: 7 of 7 Comments or observations Explosives Audit Carried out by (Responsible Manager):

Date :

Carried out by (Responsible line manager):

Date :

Copies of the audit report should be sent to: • SHE Adviser • Production Director • Copy filed on site

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