07a Burners

7/25/2019 07a Burners

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Saudi Aramco EDP 2004/2005

Fired Heaters 7a-1

Burners

Training Services

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Fired Heaters 7a-2

Section Outline

Pilot

Gas

Combination

Low NOx

Emissions

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Fired Heaters 7a-3

Pilot – ST-1S Assembly

HTR-R00-58

301 Pilot Tip

302 Pilot Nipple

303 Pilot Mixer 304 Orifice Spud

305 Air Door

306 Pilot Hub307 Port Cover

301

302

306

303

305

304

307

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Fired Heaters 7a-4

Pilot

UOP specifies continuous pilots for safety concerns

Natural gas is recommended fuel

John Zink ST-1S or equal

Pilot is a small inspirated gas burner with glow plug

head

Works at lower fuel pressure than standard gas

burners

Air adjusted at inspirator to maintain good airmixing

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Fired Heaters 7a-5

Pilot Burner Problems

Long Yellow Flames Prone to Blowout

Insufficient Primary Air

Open Air Register

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Fired Heaters 7a-6

Pilot Burners

Zink ST-1S

Ignition Source

Safety Device

90% Premix Burner

Short Blue Flame

Orange Color Tip

Blue Flame Spikes

on Side

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Fired Heaters 7a-7

Pilot Burners

Callidus Pilot

Similar to ST-1S

Flame Spikes

Glowing Tip

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Fired Heaters 7a-8

Premix Gas

Inspirated Air Burners (Premix)

– Advantages

• Little fouling/plugging in tips

• High efficiency air-fuel mixing

– Disadvantages

• Flashback (flame speed exceeds mixing speed)

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Fired Heaters 7a-9

Premix Gas Burner

HTR-R00-59

Air

Gas

Air

Pilot Gas

Primary Air

Secondary Air

3

2

3

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Fired Heaters 7a-10

Premix Gas Burner

Oldest Burner Design

Inspirates 30-50% of

Combustion Air

Self Correcting on Excess Air

with Gas Pressure Large Gas Orifice - No Fouling

High Noise

Potential Flashback (FlameSpeed Exceeds Mixing Speed)

High NOX

Air

Gas

Air

Pilot Gas

PrimaryAir

Secondary

Air

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Fired Heaters 7a-11

Premix Gas Burner

John Zink HEDV Burner

Round Flame Premix

Glowing Tile Indicates Improper

Tip Position

Gas Tips Should be 25/20 Cr/Ni

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Fired Heaters 7a-12

Premix Gas Burner

John Zink PFH

Flat Flame Premix

Improper Round Tile

Early 1970’s Design

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Fired Heaters 7a-13

Premix Gas Burner

John Zink PFH

Flat Flame Premix

Proper Rectangular Tile

1990’s Revamp

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Fired Heaters 7a-14

Raw Gas

Raw Gas or Nozzle Mix Burners

– Advantages

• High turndown ratio

• No possibility of flashback

• Can burn wide variety of fuels

– Disadvantages

• Fouling/plugging in tips

• Lower efficiency air-fuel mixing

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Fired Heaters 7a-15

Raw Gas Burner

HTR-R00-60

Air

4

1

2 3

Gas

Air

Pilot Gas

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Fired Heaters 7a-16

Raw Gas Burner

Simple Construction

Can Burn Wide Range of Fuels

Short Flames

High Turndown Ratio No Possibility of Flashback

Potential Fouling of Tips

Air Air

Gas

Pilot Gas

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Fired Heaters 7a-17

Raw Gas Burner

110 ppm NOX

Slight Haze on End of Flame

Low Excess Air (2%)

Hot Flame Temperature Bright Refractory Color

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Fired Heaters 7a-18

Raw Gas Burner

Improper Tile

Installation

High Air Close to Pilot

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Fired Heaters 7a-19

Raw Gas Burner

Flame Cone Located

too Low

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Fired Heaters 7a-20

Combination Burner

HTR-R00-62

OilPilot Gas

Gas

Steam

Damper Control

Air

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Fired Heaters 7a-21

Oil Burners

Oil gun atomizes oil to fine spray of oil

droplets that approximate gas firing

Atomization done with steam, air, or

mechanically (high pressure)

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Fired Heaters 7a-22

Oil Burner

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Fired Heaters 7a-23

Dual Tube Oil Gun

Used for light oils

Prevents flashing andpressure fluctuation with

light oils and naphtha

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Fired Heaters 7a-24

Combination Burner

Combines Raw Gas and

Oil Burner

Use Either Fuel When in

Service

Not Recommended to

Run Both Fuels at SameTime

Light Oil Gun Off Main

Gas – Not Pilot Startup on Gas Until

Firebox is Hot

OilPilot Gas

Gas

Steam

Damper Control

Air

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Fired Heaters 7a-25

Combination Burner

Oil Gun in Center of

Primary Tile, 1” (25 mm)

Below Tile Ledge

Gas Tips Located Between

Primary and Secondary

Tiles

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Fired Heaters 7a-26

Combination Burner

Oil Firing on Right Burner

High Emissivity Oil Flame

Gas Firing on Left Burner

Low Emissivity Gas Flame

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Fired Heaters 7a-27

Oil Gun Location

Proper position is critical to proper spray

pattern and air mixing

Proper location Too far in Too far back

HTR-R00-97

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Fired Heaters 7a-28

Combination Burner

Looking at Oil Flame

Through Primary Tile

Flame Recirculation

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Fired Heaters 7a-29

Combination Burner

Looking at Oil Flame

Through Primary Tile

Flame Recirculation with

No.2 Oil with Staged Air

Burner

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Fired Heaters 7a-30

Combination Burner

Oil Ash (Sodium

Vanadates) AttackRefractory

Use 94% Alumina on

Primary Tile

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Fired Heaters 7a-31

Combination Burner

94% Alumina on Primary

Tile

60% Alumina on Secondary

Tile

Use Plywood Template toAlign Secondary Tile Pieces

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Fired Heaters 7a-32

Burner Excess Air Adjustment

Opening/closing air register or damper

Registers – large clearances – will pass 50% of

design air when fully closed

Dampers - tighter clearances – will pass 12-25%

of design air when fully closed Keep all burners lit if possible

Minimum pressure drop 0.10-0.15 in H2O

80% of burner pressure drop in throat – 20% indamper/register

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Fired Heaters 7a-33

Burner Air Controls

Concentric Register

Prone to Sticking

Difficult to Adjust

Leaks 50% Air when

Closed

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Fired Heaters 7a-34

Burner Air Controls

Damper Control

Tight Shutoff

Positive Position

Good Excess AirControl

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Fired Heaters 7a-35

Burner Excess Air Adjustment

HTR-R00-65

100

75

50

25

Burner Air

Register Completely

Closed at this Point

025

% E

x c e s s A i r i n F l u e G a s

Burner Air Register

Completely Closed

at this Point

% of Burner Design Firing Rate

Burner w/ Inlet Damper

Register Type Burner

0 50 75 100

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Fired Heaters 7a-36

Emissions

National/local governments restrict emissions of:

– NOx

– SOx

– CO

– Particulate

– Unburned hydrocarbons

– Heavy metals

– Others

Documents

07a Burners