Synchrophasors and Next Generation Energy

Management Systems (EMS)

Celebrating the Visions of Synchrophasor

Pioneers: Arun Phadke and Jim Thorp

May 9th, 2013

Manu Parashar

Changing Landscape

Analog Computer

SCADA & Load

Frequency Control

An

alo

g

Operator Terminal Operating System – Digital Computer

Database & Development Environment

SCADA

Generation

Applications

Operator Console

Transmission

Applications D

ata

Ac

qu

isit

ion

Training

Simulator

Real-Time Applications

60’s & 70’s Analog / Hardwired

80’s & 90’s Digital /Study Mode / Modeling

Economics Reliability

Late 90’s Energy Markets

Vertically Integrated Industry Deregulation

Offers “predictive” capabilities… Centralized systems… Adds uncertainty…

Power System

(Generators & Tielines)

p2

PMU Deployment within North America North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI)

Currently 200+

PMUs Installed.

Expected to exceed

800+ PMUs by 2013

(under SGIG Investments)

Source: NASPI Website (www.naspi.org)

Energy Management Systems of the Future

» Control Center -PDC

PMU MEASUREMENT-BASED

Analysis

Traditional MODEL-BASED

Analysis

(EMS)

SCADA & Alarms WAMS

State Estimator

State Measurement

Other EMS Applications

New Applications

Small Signal Stability

Oscillation Monitoring

Transient & Voltage Stability

Stability Monitoring & Control

Island

Management

Island Detection,

Resync,&

Blackstart

p4

Integrated “measurement-based” & “model-based” Analysis…. A nice marriage, indeed!

PMU Measurement-based analysis

PhasorPoint

»PREDICT & MITIGATE

TRUE

LIMIT

GRID

OPERATING POINT

Model-based analysis:

Corrective actions based on „what-if‟ analysis

EMS

Limit

NEW

Limit

Wide Area Visualisation

RTUs

Alstom Solution Architecture

PhasorPoint Workbench

Synchrophasor Framework

PMU & RTU Aggregation Applications

e-terrabrowser

e-terravision

PMUs

Energy Management System

Dynamic Security

Assessment

»Copyright ALSTOM Grid

SynchroPhasor Applications for the Control Center

High Voltage

e-terravision Displays PG&E SynchroPhasor Project Vahid Madani – Project Technical Leader

PG&E Proof of Concept (PoC) Laboratory Vahid Madani – Project Technical Leader

PG&E POC facility has been instrumental in gathering the expertise to provide the industry with direction and a fast track process for maturing the standards such as the IEEE C37.118.2, C37.238, 242,244, and IEC-61850-90-5

-- "Going Beyond the Abstract"

Copyright ALSTOM Grid

Generalized Security Assessment

Wide Area Visibility

Situation Awareness Visualization

Steady State

Security

Dynamic Stability

Synchrophasor

Applications

EMS

Applications

DSA

Applications

“Measurement-based” Applications

Network Model-based Apps

Correlation

Non-operational

Data

Condition

Monitoring

RT & Look-ahead trends

Production

Forecast

Weather

conditions

Improving Situational Awareness in the Control Room

»Copyright ALSTOM Grid

SynchroPhasor Wide Area Visualization (e-terravision)

Angle Difference monitoring to assess “wide-area” grid stress

Node Pair definitions and associated alert/alarm thresholds

»Copyright ALSTOM Grid

Dynamic (Oscillatory) Stability Management

“The interconnected electric power grid is one of the largest dynamic system of today”

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• Numeric SCADA displays today

• With synchro-phasors – high resolution trend display

Rapidly changing digits on a numeric display

-5 0 5 10 15 20 2559.98

59.99

60

60.01

60.02

60.03

60.04

60.05

60.06

Time (sec)

Freq

uenc

y (H

z)

Western Interconnection Frequencies - August 4 2000 Oscillation

Grand Coulee

Malin

Devers

Oscillations seen by SCADA and PMU data

-5 0 5 10 15 20 2559.98

59.99

60

60.01

60.02

60.03

60.04

60.05

60.06

Time (sec)

Freq

uenc

y (H

z)

Western Interconnection Frequencies - August 4 2000 Oscillation

Grand Coulee

Malin

Devers

Oscillatory Modes Observed in Colombia (2009)

Inter-area mode at 0.49Hz

(Colombia-Ecuador). Opposing

phase in South

p12

1/F MODE FREQUENCY

MODE AMPLITUDE

A

MODE DECAY TIME

EXP(-t/ )

MODE PHASE

Mode Frequency

Mode Amplitude

Mode decay time

Mode Phase

Exp(-t/ )

Measured P / f /

Operations

Planning Dynamic model validation / plant performance

Early warning alarms of poor damping

Australia

Queensland – NSW

Interconnector

Great Britain

Scotland – England

Interconnector

Transmission Corridor

Net Transfer Capacity

+300MW

+300MW

Model limitwith margin

Limit withmeasureddamping

Thermallimit

AREA 1

AREA 2

Congestion Relief Dynamic Stability

p13

In distribution network, increase connection capacity by constraining by angle

»Marginal reduction of capacity factor

More capacity

More energy

Renewables Integration – Scotland (2012)

A single phase to ground fault with resistance of 100 ohm on Line ID#37768062

p15

Distribution Fault Location using Synchrophasors

Wide Area Protection Scheme – Iceland (2012)

SW FREQ

E FREQ

Smelter load

Main generation area

Loss of Large Smelter in SW

Frequency rises rapidly

Nearby generators change speed/angle

quickly

Frequency rises more

slowly

Trip Gen proportionally in correct zone

Angle difference increase

Smart Grid in the Future:

Protective control schemes that dynamically adapt to current power system conditions, to preserve the “integrity of the grid” as an entity.

Tightly integrate fast sub-second measurements with fast sub-second controls (FACTS, HVDC, etc)

p16

Islanding, Resynchronization and Blackstart

System split »Vectors:

Voltage Phasors

Identify islanding quickly

Alarm raised

Islands clearly visualized

Reduce time to resynchronize

Improve system visibility in blackstart

Ice slide destroys 2 transmission towers, IRB used to monitor system to maintain synchronisation for 2 weeks

Synchrophasors: The New Heartbeat of the Grid! Enabling Intelligent Decentralized Grid Monitoring & Control

EMS

Dynamic Security

Assessment

State Estimation

Contingency

Analysis

Offline

Analysis

Modelling

Root Cause

Analysis

Wide Area

Controls

Post-Event

Generator & ISO

Compliance

New Smart Grid

Applications

Distribution

DMS

Distributed

Generation

Demand

Response

SynchroPhasors:

„the new heartbeat of the grid‟

Local

Controls

Synchrophasor

Analytics

www.alstom.com

Thank You