Sulphuric Acid(VI) 95% compilation revision ” S.A

Zaklady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.

Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) 1907/2006

SDS-ZChP- 003/10

version 09

Sulphuric Acid(VI) 95% The date of:

compilation revision

02.11.2010 01.02.2021

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier

Product name sulfuric acid technical

Synonyms sulfuric acid (VI), concentrated sulfuric acid, 95% sulfuric acid

Molecular formula H2SO4

CAS Number 7664-93-9

EC Number 231-639-5

Registration number 01-2119458838-20-0055

1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance and uses advised against Use of sulphuric acid: as an intermediate in manufacture of inorganic and organic chemicals incl. fertilizers; as a processing aid, catalyst, dehydrating agent, pH regulator; for extractions and processing of minerals; in the process of surface treatments, purification and etching; in gas purification, scrubbing, flue gas scrubbing; in electrolytic processes; in production and recycling of sulphuric acid contained batteries; in industrial cleaning; mixing, preparation and repackaging of sulphuric acid; as laboratory chemicals. Uses advised against have not been identified.

1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

Grupa Azoty Zaklady Chemiczne „Police” S.A. Internet: grupaazoty.com

Kuznicka 1, 72-010 Police, Poland Phone no: + 48 91 317 1090

Tele-Fax no: + 48 91 317 3103

A person responsible for Safety Data Sheet e-mail: [email protected]

1.4. Emergency telephone number

Chief Dispatcher Alarm telephone no: + 48 91 317 1616 (24h) Telephone no: + 48 91 317 4201 (24h)

SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1. Classification of the substance

Hazard Class and Category Code Skin Corr. 1A

Hazard Statement H314

Note B

Explanation phrases in section 16 Human Heath effects

Skin effect Causes severe skin burns.

Eyes effect Causes severe eye damage.

Sulphuric Acid (VI) 95% Safety Data Sheet Page 2 of 12

Swallowing It can cause damage the gastrointestinal tract.

Inhalation Vapours irritate the respiratory system, slowed pulmonary edema.

2.2. Label elements

Pictogram

GHS05

Signal Word Danger

Hazard Statement H314

Precautionary Statement

P260 P280 P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P304+P340 P305+P351+P338 P310 P405

Explanation phrases in section 16 2.3. Other hazards Sulphuric acid is neither a PBT nor a vPvB substance. The substance has not been included in the list established in accordance with Art. 59(1) of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 as having endocrine disrupting properties, no information on its endocrine disrupting properties in accordance with the criteria set out in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/2100 or Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/605.

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients 3.1. Substances

Dangerous ingredient % CAS number EC number (EINECS)

Sulphuric acid 93 - 98 7664-93-9 231-639-5

SECTION 4: First aid measures 4.1. Description of first aid measures Inhalation Get medical attention immediately. Move exposed person to fresh air. If it is

suspected that fumes are still present, the rescuer should wear an appropriate mask or self-contained breathing apparatus. Keep person warm and at rest. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel. It may be dangerous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. If unconscious, place in recovery position and get medical attention immediately. Maintain an open airway. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.

Skin contact:

Get medical attention immediately. Flush contaminated skin with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes. Chemical burns must be treated promptly by a physician. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse.

Eye Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping


contact: eyelids open. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Seek immediate medical attention.

Swallowing Wash out mouth with water. In the event of swallowing, induce patient to drink plenty of water. In addition, do not give anything by mouth. Get medical attention immediately.

4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Sulfuric acid is causes severe skin burns and eye damage is highly corrosive. Sulfuric acid is a strong oxidant of organic substance. It collects water from organic substances, which leads to its total carbonization. May assist combustion. Reacts violently upon contact with water. Highly reactive with metals and organic materials. 4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Because the possibility of occurrence of delayed pulmonary edema, patient undergoes medical observation for at least 48 hours.

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures 5.1. Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media In case of fire, use a stream of water (fog), extinguishing

foam, dry chemical or CO2 to cool the tanks. Extinguishing agents appropriate for the burning materials.

Unsuitable extinguishing media Direct stream.

NOTE: Do not get water inside the tank. 5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance In a fire or if heated, a pressure increase will occur and the container may burst. Hazardous combustion products: Decomposition products may include the following materials: sulfur oxides. Hydrogen releases when react with metals.

5.3. Advice for firefighters Fire-fighters should wear appropriate protective equipment and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) with a full face-piece operated in positive pressure mode.

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures 6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Do not touch or walk through spilt material. Avoid breathing vapour or mist. Provide adequate ventilation. Put on appropriate personal protective equipment (see section 8). In an emergency situation dress:

gas mask with canister,

use personal protective equipment isolating body (gastight suit with the isolating equipment of respiratory protection),

clothing steel.

6.2. Environmental precautions


Avoid release of the product to the environment, limit the spreading of the spill. Inform the relevant authorities in the event of a release of large amounts of the substance and if the product has caused environmental pollution (sewers, waterways, soil or air). 6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up Large spill: If there is no risk, stop or reduce the leak. Move containers from spill area. Prevent entry into sewers, water courses, basements or confined areas. Contain and collect spillage with non-combustible, absorbent material e.g. sand, earth, vermiculite or diatomaceous earth. Place in an appropriate waste disposal container. The spilled material may be neutralized with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium oxide or hydroxide. Contaminated absorbent material may pose the same hazard as the spilt product. In case of a large spill embank the place where liquid gathers and pump it out. Small spill: Stop leak if without risk. Move containers from spill area. Dilute with water and mop up or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container. This method is sufficient if the acid has leaked onto the hardened surface. In the event of acid leaking onto the ground, the soil should be acidified. Sulfuric acid should be neutralized with 10-percent lime milk used in excess. Strongly diluted acid can be neutralized with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, small amounts of spilled liquid can be covered with absorbent material and materials neutralizing acids, e.g. dolomite, calcium carbonate. Neutralize sulfuric acid in higher concentrations with e.g. calcium hydroxide. 6.4. Reference to other sections See section 1 for emergency contact information and section 13 for waste disposal.

SECTION 7: Handling and storage 7.1. Precautions for safe handling Put on appropriate personal protective equipment. Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed. Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking. Do not get in eyes or on skin or clothing. Do not breathe vapour or mist. Do not ingest. If during normal use the material presents a respiratory hazard, use only with adequate ventilation or wear appropriate respirator. Keep in the original container or an approved alternative made from a compatible material, kept tightly closed when not in use. Keep away from alkalis. Empty containers retain product residue and can be hazardous. When diluting, always add acid to water, not water to acid. 7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Store in accordance with local regulations. Store in original container protected from direct sunlight in a dry, cool and well ventilated area, away from incompatible materials (see section 10) and food and drink. Separate from alkalis. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Containers that have been opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Do not store in unlabelled containers. Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination. Store in a cool, well ventilated area with local exhaust and general ventilation. Store in an area with easily washable, and acid resistant floor sloped toward the drains, walls painted with acid resistant enamel, with an internal installation of water supply and separate sewerage. 7.3. Specific end use(s) Is recommended to use original container.


Vent waste air only via suitable separators or scrubbers. Exposure scenarios for identified uses are attached to this safety data sheet.

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection 8.1. Control parameters

Limit value – Eight hours

Limit value – Short term

mg/m³ mg/m³

European Union 0.05 thoracic fraction -

Germany (AGS) 0.1 inhalable aerosol 0.1 inhalable aerosol

(15 minutes average value)

Source of information: http://limitvalue.ifa.dguv.de/

DNEL1s for workers

Acute - local effects Inhalation 0.1 mg/m³

Long-term - local effects Inhalation 0.05 mg/m³

PNEC2 PNEC aqua (freshwater) 0.0025 mg/L

PNEC aqua (marine water) 0.00025 mg/L

PNEC STP 8,8 mg/L

PNEC sediment (freshwater) 0.002 mg/kg sediment dw

PNEC sediment (marine water) 0.002 mg/kg sediment dw

8.2. Exposure controls Exposure scenarios for identified uses are attached to this safety data sheet. Technical measures: Emissions from ventilation or work process equipment should be checked to ensure they comply with the requirements of environmental protection legislation. In some cases, fume scrubbers, filters or engineering modifications to the process equipment will be necessary to reduce emissions to acceptable levels. Install exhaust ventilation. Install safety showers and eyewash fountain wherever acid may come into contact with skin or eyes.

Personal protection measures. Eye protection Safety eyewear complying with an approved standard should be used

when a risk assessment indicates this is necessary to avoid exposure to liquid splashes, mists, gases or dusts. Recommended: Tightly-fitting goggles and face shield.

Hand protection Chemical-resistant, impervious gloves complying with an approved standard should be worn at all times when handling chemical products if a risk assessment indicates this is necessary. After contamination with product change the gloves immediately and dispose of them according to relevant national and local regulations <1 hours (breakthrough time): Fluorinated rubber – FKM. Recommended: protective gloves and shoes (for example: natural rubber - acid concentration below 20%, polyvinyl chloride - acid concentration above 20%).

Skin protection Personal protective equipment for the body should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved and should

1 DNEL Derived No-Effect Level 2 PNEC Predicted No-Effect Concentration


be approved by a specialist before handling this product. Recommended: protective clothing resistant to chemical agents. Protective clothing made of coated materials (such as viton, butyl rubber or Hypalon).

Respiratory protection

Use a properly fitted, air-purifying or air-fed respirator complying with an approved standard if a risk assessment indicates this is necessary. Respirator selection must be based on known or anticipated exposure levels, the hazards of the product and the safe working limits of the selected respirator. Recommended: Combination filter, e.g. DIN 3181 ABEK or selfcontained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Mask with the combined filter finalized a Class B-P2. In case of oxygen deficiency (concentration below 17% vol.) or the compound concentration excess 1% volume, use autonomous or stationary isolating equipment.

Hygiene measures Wash hands, forearms and face thoroughly after handling chemical products, before eating, smoking and using the lavatory and at the end of the working period. Appropriate techniques should be used to remove potentially contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated clothing before reusing. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are close to the workstation location.

Recommended monitoring procedures: If this product contains ingredients with exposure limits, personal, workplace atmosphere or biological monitoring may be required to determine the effectiveness of the ventilation or other control measures and/or the necessity to use respiratory protective equipment. Reference should be made to European Standard EN 689 for methods for the assessment of exposure by inhalation to chemical agents and national guidance documents for methods for the determination of hazardous substances. Risk management measures occupational exposure controls Environmental exposure controls Technical measures: If user operations generate dust, fumes, gas, vapour or mist, use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep worker exposure to airborne contaminants below any recommended or statutory limits.

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties 9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Substance type Inorganic compound

Appearance/physical state/colour Colourless to brown, viscous liquid

pH Strong acid

Melting/freezing point 10.4 to 10.90C (100% sulphuric acid) -1.11 to 3.00C (98% sulphuric acid) -13.89 to -100C (96% sulphuric acid) 7.560C (83% sulphuric acid)

Boiling point (at 1013 hPa) 2900C (100% sulphuric acid) 310-3350C (98% sulphuric acid) 3300C (96% sulphuric acid) 3600C (77% sulphuric acid)

Density at 200C 1.8144-1.8305 kg/L (90-100% sulphuric acid)

Particle size distribution Not required for a liquid

Vapour pressure at 148.5°C 130 Pa (97% sulphuric acid)

Vapour pressure at 20°C 214 Pa (65% sulphuric acid) 6 Pa (90% sulphuric acid)

Partition Coefficient Not relevant for ionisable substances


Water solubility at 20 0C Miscible

Surface Tension at 25 0C Not expected to be surface active

Flash point Not applicable – inorganic substance

Self-ignition temperature Not applicable – inorganic substance

Flammability Non-flammable

Explosiveness Not expected to possess explosive properties.

Oxidising properties Does not meet the criteria as an oxidizer

Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products

Not considered critical for an inorganic acid

Dissociation constant pKa= 1.92

Viscosity A viscosity of 22.5 cP (0.0025 PaS; 22.5 mPaS) is reported for 95% sulphuric acid at 200C.

9.2. Other information No data.

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity 10.1. Reactivity Highly reactive with water and alkalis. Corrosive to metals, causing the emission of hydrogen, which can cause a fire hazard. 10.2. Chemical stability The substance is stable under normal conditions of storage, use and handling.

10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactions Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous reactions will not occur. 10.4. Conditions to avoid Highly reactive with water and alkalis. Avoid combustible materials, reducing agents, strong bases. Solution with a concentration above 60% is a strong oxidant, reacts with many organic compounds and destroys clothing. The substance is a strong acid, reacts violently with the basis and is corrosive. It is hygroscopic and that causes corrosion. Reacts strongly with base metals (except lead), releasing hydrogen. 10.5. Incompatible materials Attacks many metals producing extremely flammable hydrogen gas which can form explosive mixtures with air. Reactive or incompatible with the following materials: alkalis. 10.6. Hazardous decomposition products Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous decomposition products should not be produced.

SECTION 11: Toxicological information Skin contact

Pain, serious burns. Constant or repeated exposure to diluted solutions may cause dermatitis.

Eye contact

Immediate pain, severe burns, permanent damage of the cornea that can lead to blindness.

Inhalation

Mists and vapors may cause sore throat, cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing. Longer stay in the atmosphere can cause risk of lung edema. Constant or repeated exposure to mists and vapors of sulfuric


acid can cause teeth decay and theirs decolourization, chronic irritation of the nose, throat and bronchial tubules and the possibility of.

Swallowing

It can cause severe burns to the mouth and throat and damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

11.1. Information on hazard classes as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Acute toxicity LD503 (oral) 2140 mg/kg bw – rat(Wistar) male/female

LC504 (inhalation) 375 mg/m³ air – rat(Fischer 344) male/female

Irritation/Corrosivity Skin Corrosive

Eye Corrosive

Respiratory tract Irritating

Respiratory or skin sensitisation

Not sensitizing

Mutagenicity Genetic toxicity: negative

Carcinogenicity A number of studies of the carcinogenicity of sulphuric acid have been performed using oral gavage, intratracheal instillation and inhalation exposure.

Reproductive toxicity No studies of the effects of sulphuric acid exposure on fertility have been identified.

STOT-single exposure -

STOT-repeated exposure

-

Aspiration hazard -

Repeated dose toxicity NOAEC5 (inhalation: larynx) 0.3 mg/m³ – rat (ALPK:APfSD (Wistar)) female

Toxicity for reproduction

Developmental toxicity NOAEC (inhalation)

19.3 mg/m³ – rabbit, mouse (New Zealand White, CF-1)

11.2 Information on other hazards No information on its endocrine disrupting properties in accordance with the criteria set out in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/2100 or Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/605.

SECTION 12: Ecological information 12.1. Toxicity Sulphuric acid does not fulfill the T criteria. Aquatic compartment (including sediment) Short-term toxicity to fish LC506 for freshwater fish: 16 mg/L (bluegill sunfish (Lepomis

macrochirus))

Long-term toxicity to fish EC507/LC10 or NOEC for freshwater fish: 0.025 mg/L (Jordanella floridae)

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

EC50/LC50 for freshwater invertebrates: 100 mg/L (Daphnia magna)

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

EC10/LC10 or NOEC for freshwater invertebrates: 0.15 mg/L (midge Tanytarsus dissimilis)

Algae and aquatic plants EC10/LC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae: 100 mg/L (Desmodesmus subspicatus)

Sediment organisms No data are available. No testing is proposed as significant terrestrial exposure is not predicted. Sulphuric acid will rapidly

3 LD50 Median Lethal Dose

4 LC50 Lethal concentration 5 NOAEC No Observed Adverse Effects Concentration

6 LC50 Lethal concentration 7 EC50 Half maximal effective concentration


dissociate in the environment to form the ubiquitous hydrogen (hydronium) and sulphate ions.

Toxicity to aquatic micro-organisms

EC10/LC10 or NOEC for aquatic micro-organisms: 26000 mg/L

Atmospheric compartment No data are available. No testing is proposed as significant atmospheric exposure is not predicted. Sulphuric acid has a very low vapour pressure and will rapidly dissociate in the atmosphere (on contact with atmospheric moisture) to form the ubiquitous hydrogen (hydronium) and sulphate ions. As such it is considered that there is no atmospheric risk to the environment. 12.2. Persistence and degradability Sulphuric acid does not fulfill the P or vP criteria. 12.3. Bioaccumulative potential Sulphuric acid does not fulfill the B or vB criteria.

12.4. Mobility in soil Sulfuric acid dissociates easily into hydrogen ions and sulfate ions, both of which are ubiquitous in the environment, in the soil and does not constitute a threat to the terrestrial environment. Very mobile in soil. Mobility increases with dilution. Moving in the soil can dissolve soil components, particularly components containing carbonates. 12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB assessment Sulphuric acid is neither a PBT nor a vPvB substance. 12.6. Endocrine disrupting properties No information on its endocrine disrupting properties in accordance with the criteria set out in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/2100 or Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/605.

12.7. Other adverse effects No data.

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations 13.1. Waste treatment methods

Examine possibilities for re-utilization. Product residues and uncleaned empty containers should be packaged, sealed, labeled, and disposed of or recycled according to relevant national and local regulations. Disposal of waste should be dealt with the specialized companies. Where large quantities are concerned, consult the supplier. In case of leakage or spill of sulfuric acid, see - section 6 of the safety data sheet. European Waste Code 06 01 01* – sulphuric acid and sulphurous acid Waste code for acid packaging waste 15 01 10* - packaging containing residues of or contaminated by hazardous substances Legal basis:

Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (Official Journal of the European Union of 22.11.2008, L312/3 with later changes)


Commission Decision 2000/532/EG establishing a list of wastes pursuant (Official Journal of the European Union of 06.09.2000, L226/3 with later changes)

SECTION 14: Transport information Transportation:

road, car vehicles - orange, reflective warning boards,

railway, cars - warning sticker No. 8, tankers and railway tankers - orange warning boards with identification numbers

1830

80,

warning label No. 8 14.1. UN number or ID number UN number 1830 14.2. UN proper shipping name SULPHURIC ACID 14.3. Transport hazard class(es) ADR (roads transport): class 8, classification code C1, label 8 RID (railway): class 8, label 8 IMDG (see transport): class 8, kod IMDG 8230; label 8 14.4. Packing group Packing group II 14.5. Environmental hazards See section 12. 14.6. Special precautions for user As for hazardous materials. See section 12. 14.7. Maritime transport in bulk according to IMO instruments Not applicable.

SECTION 15: Regulatory information 15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance.

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18th December 2006 concerning Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission


Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EEC and 2000/21/EC. (Official Journal of the European Union of 30.12.2006, L 396. with later changes)

Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Official Journal of the European Union of 31.12.2008, L 353. with later changes)

Regulation (EU) 2019/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on the marketing and use of explosives precursors, amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 98/2013

The acquisition, introduction, marketing, possession or use of this product by members of the general public is subject to the restrictions set out in Regulation (EU) 2019/1148. All suspicious transactions and significant disappearances and thefts should be reported to the relevant national contact point. 15.2. Chemical safety assessment The chemical safety assessment has been made.

SECTION 16: Other information

H phrases H314 - Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

P phrases P260 - Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P301+P330+P331 - IF SWALLOWED: rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting P303+P361+P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower P304+P340 - IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing P305+P351+P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing P310 - Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician P405 - Store locked up.

Category Code

Skin Corr. 1A - Skin corrosion category 1A

Training Employees should be trained in the proper handling of the substance. Read the safety data sheet before use.

Changes Section 2, 5, 6, 8, 11 - 15.

Attachments: ES 01 Production of sulphuric acid

ES 02 Use of sulphuric acid as an intermediate in manufacture of inorganic and organic chemicals including fertilizers

ES 03 Use of sulphuric acid as a processing aid, catalyst, dehydrating agent, pH regulator.

ES 04 Use of sulphuric acid for extractions and processing of minerals, ores


ES 05 Use of sulphuric acid in the process of surface treatments, purification and etching

ES 06 Use of sulphuric acid in electrolytic processes

ES 07 Use of sulphuric acid in gas purification, scrubbing and flue gas scrubbing.

ES 08 Use of sulphuric acid in production of sulphuric acid contained batteries

ES 09 Use of sulphuric acid in maintenance of sulphuric acid contained batteries

ES 10 Use of sulphuric acid in recycling of sulphuric acid contained batteries

ES 11 Use of sulphuric acid as laboratory chemicals

ES 12 Use of sulphuric acid in industrial cleaning.

ES 13 Mixing, preparation and repackaging of sulphuric acid

ES 14 Use of sulphuric acid contained batteries

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.

EXPOSURE SCENARIO ES 01

ES-01/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01

Sulphuric Acid (VI) 95%

The date of: compilation revision

02.11.2010 -

ES 01 – Production of sulphuric acid 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Production of sulphuric acid. Sector of end use (SU): – Not applicable

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC): – Not applicable

List of names of contributing worker scenarios and corresponding PROCs: PROC1 Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure

PROC2 Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure

PROC3 Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)

PROC4 Use in batch and other process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC8a Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at non dedicated facilities

PROC8b Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities

PROC9 Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC1 Manufacture of substances

Article category related to subsequent service life (AC): – Not applicable

2. Environmental exposure controls

ERC 1

Product Characteristics Physical state: liquid.

Concentration of substance in mixture or articles

93 - 98%

Amounts used 1200000 t/y (worst case production site).

Frequency and duration of use

Emission days per site: up to 365 d/y.

Environmental factors not influenced by risk management

Discharge volume of sewage treatment plant 2000 m3/d. Available river water volume to receive the emissions from a site 20000 m3/d.

Other given operational conditions affecting environmental exposure

Use and processing of sulphuric acid involves high temperatures, and high integrity contained systems with little or no potential for exposure. The production of sulphuric acid is generally a continuous production. Because of the high temperatures involved in the processes (and the nature of sulphuric acid and the produced gases) all reactors and pipelines are sealed and insulated, to prevent loss of the reaction materials and maintain the necessary temperatures, and to protect the workforce and the environment. Several processes may

EXPOSURE SCENARIO ES01 Sulphuric Acid (VI) 95% Page 2 of 4

be used to produce sulphuric acid however, the most typical industrial process is the contact process.

Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release

Production and handling of sulphuric acid involves special equipment and high integrity contained systems with little or no potential for exposure.

Technical on-site conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and release to soil

Exhaust gases may be treated by scrubbers or emissions may be measured and controlled according to local legislation; typically this removes >99% of sulphur oxides. The waste water neutralization process is extremely efficient with almost total neutralization achieved. pH alarms are in place to ensure that successful neutralization has taken place. All sludge is collected and incinerated or sent to landfill. Dilution factor of 10 (STP 2000 m3/d).

Risk management measures - air

Release to air 33.3 kg/d (Based on worst case measured emissions associated with production).

Risk management measures - water

Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on efficient neutralization).

Risk management measures - soil

Soil (direct only) Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading).

Risk management measures - other

On contact with water, sulphuric acid, as a strong mineral acid (pKa = 1.92), dissociates readily to hydrogen ions and sulphate ions (at all environmentally relevant pH’s) and is totally miscible with the water layer. At all environmentally relevant concentrations, the substance will therefore exist as the environmentally ubiquitous non-hazardous sulphate (SO4

2-) anion and hydronium (H3O

+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment 120000 mg/L. Sewage (STP effluent) 0 mg/L - Set to 0 due to on site treatment and removal. Local freshwater 0 mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Local concentration with atmospheric deposition not yet taken into account.

Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site

No data

Conditions and measures related to on-site or municipal sewage treatment plant

Chemical pretreatment or onsite STP. Waste waters are generally treated by on site WWTP which will be neutralized before it reaches the biological tower of the WWTP or will be treated on site by chemical neutralization methods before release to the municipal STP or to the environment. Discharge volume of sewage treatment plant 2000 m3/d.

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste for disposal

Sediment from STP is stored in a landfill.

Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste

Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 1, 2, 3, 4, 8a, 8b, 9.


Product Characteristics


93 - 98%

Physical state Physical state: liquid.

Amounts used No data


8 h/d, 220 d/y

Human factors not influenced by risk management

The effects of sulphuric acid following dermal exposures are local irritation and corrosivity of the skin. There is no evidence of systemic effects following dermal exposures to sulphuric acid. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment is expected to be negligible. Sulphuric acid is fully miscible in water and, as such, will not persist in any environmental compartment where indirect exposure of humans could occur. Furthermore none of the processes associated with sulphuric acid production involve any targeted environmental emissions or application and the primary receiving compartment is the on site STP where rigorous neutralizations processes and employed. Body parts potentially exposed: skin (hands, face). Respiration volume under conditions of use 10m3/d Default value for a worker breathing for a 8hrs work day Skin contact area with the substance under conditions of use 480cm2 (ECETOC default). Please note that due to the corrosive nature of sulphuric acid dermal exposure is not considered relevant for risk characterization as it must be prevented in all cases.

Other given operational conditions affecting workers exposure

Worker contact is generally very low as most operations are remotely controlled and sampling/analysis events are of short duration. Workers generally operate in a separate control room, with no direct contact to the installations housing the material. Workers involved in sampling and transfer of materials to road tankers are trained in the procedures and protective equipment is intended to cope with the worst case scenario, in order to minimize exposure and risks.


Worker exposure considered to be negligible due to the specialized systems and closed nature of the production process.

Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker

Local exhaust ventilation if required. Handling of sulphuric acid involves special equipment and controlled systems with little or no potential for exposure. Facilities involved in the production and uses of sulphuric acid are usually housed outdoors. Any gas displaced from containers is conducted via pipeline to be processed i.e. removed and scrubbed and /or filtered.

Organizational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure

Training. Monitoring/reporting and auditing systems: Equipment must be well maintained and cleaned daily. Containment plus good work practice required.

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

There is no worker exposure under normal conditions (LEV- if required, closed and controlled processes, separated control room). However there is required the use of personal protective equipment in order to minimize the risk exposure. See section 8 of the SDS.


Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-02/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 02 – Use of sulphuric acid as an intermediate in manufacture of inorganic and organic chemicals including fertilizers 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid as an intermediate in manufacture of inorganic and organic chemicals including fertilizers.

Sector of end use (SU): SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial

sites

SU4 Manufacture of food products

SU6b Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products

SU8 Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)

SU9 Manufacture of fine chemicals

SU14 Manufacture of basic metals, including alloys

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC): PC19 Intermediate








Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC6a Industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of

intermediates)



ERC 6a



93 - 98%

Amounts used Annual amount used per site 300000 t/y (worst case).


Emission days per site: 365 d/y





Use and processing of sulphuric acid involves high temperatures, and high integrity contained systems with little or no potential for exposure. The intermediate use of sulphuric acid is generally a continuous/batch production. Process is usually performed outdoors. The use of sulphuric acid as an intermediate in the production of inorganic and organic chemicals including but not limited to the production of fertilizers includes the production of oils used for lipolysis, sulphates, nitrogen fertilizers, granulation of complex fertilizers, phosphoric acid (wet process), titanium dioxide (sulphate route), hydrofluoric acid, fine chemicals and specialty chemicals. In addition to these uses the exposure scenario for intermediate use also includes reactive use in water treatment, use as a granulating agent and use as a tanning agent whereas sulphuric acid is consumed in a chemical synthesis to form sulphate.


Handling of sulphuric acid involves special equipment and controlled systems with little or no potential for exposure. Any gas displaced from containers is conducted via pipeline to be processed i.e. removed and scrubbed and /or filtered.


Exhaust gases may be treated by scrubbers or emissions may be measured and controlled according to local legislation; typically this removes >99% of sulphur oxides. The waste water neutralisation process is extremely efficient with almost total neutralisation achieved. pH alarms are in place to ensure that successful neutralisation has taken place. All sludge is collected and incinerated or sent to landfill. Dilution factor of 10 (STP 2000 m3/d).


Release to air 94.9 kg/d (Worst case measured emissions associated with intermediate use).


Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on efficiency of neutralization process).


Soil (direct only) Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading).




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment 10000mg/L Sewage (STP effluent) 0 mg/L - Complete removal due to the neutralization process. Local freshwater 0 mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving


waters. Local concentration with atmospheric deposition not yet taken into account.


No data


Chemical pre-treatment or onsite STP. Waste waters are generally treated by on site WWTP which will be neutralized before it reaches the biological tower of the WWTP or will be treated on site by chemical neutralization methods before release to the municipal STP or to the environment. Discharge volume of sewage treatment plant 2000 m3/d.




Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 1, 2, 3, 4, 8a, 8b, 9.



93-98%




8 h/d, 220 d/y


The effects of sulphuric acid following dermal exposures are local irritation and corrosivity of the skin. There is no evidence of systemic effects following dermal exposures to sulphuric acid. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment is expected to be negligible. Sulphuric acid is fully miscible in water and, as such, will not persist in any environmental compartment where indirect exposure of humans could occur. Furthermore none of the processes associated with sulphuric acid production involve any targeted environmental emissions or application and the primary receiving compartment is the on-site STP where rigorous neutralizations processes and employed. Body parts potentially exposed: skin (hands, face). Respiration volume under conditions of use 10m3/d. Default value for a worker breathing for a 8hrs work day Skin contact area with the substance under conditions of use 480cm2 (ECETOC default). Please note that due to the corrosive nature of sulphuric acid dermal exposure is not considered relevant for risk characterization as it must be prevented in all cases.


Worker contact is generally very low as most operations are remotely controlled and sampling/analysis events are of short duration. Workers generally operate in a separate control room, with no direct contact to the


installations housing the material. Workers involved in sampling and transfer of materials to road tankers are trained in the procedures and protective equipment is intended to cope with the worst case scenario, in order to minimize exposure and risks.


Worker exposure considered to be negligible due to the specialised systems and closed nature of the process.







Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-03/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 03 – Use of sulphuric acid as a processing aid, catalyst, dehydrating agent, pH regulator 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid as a processing aid, catalyst, dehydrating agent, pH regulator. Sector of end use (SU): SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial

sites

SU4 Manufacture of food products

SU5 Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur

SU6b Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products


SU9 Manufacture of fine chemicals

SU11 Manufacture of rubber products

SU23 Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC): PC20 Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralization

agents








PROC13 Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring

Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC6b Industrial use of reactive processing aids



ERC 6b



93 - 98%

Amounts used Annual amount used per site 100000 t/y (worst case).

Frequency and duration of Emission days per site 365 d/y.


use Estimate number of emission days, based on continuous use.




Use and processing of sulphuric acid involves high temperatures, and high integrity contained systems with little or no potential for exposure. The use of sulphuric acid as processing aid, catalyst, dehydrating agent or pH regulator is generally a continuous/batch production .Process is usually performed outdoors. Sulphuric acid is used in the industrial manufacture of organic chemicals and fine chemicals. These processes include using sulphuric acid in large volumes as a processing aid, catalyst or dehydration agent in the chemical process of manufacture of adhesives, explosives, acids, organic salts, dyes and pigments, biofuels, pharmaceuticals and the alkylation of aliphatics. Sulphuric acid may also be used to regulate pH in water streams and as a process aid in the leather and textiles industry.






Release to air 333 kg/d.


Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d - (Based on effective neutralization and pretreatment).


Soil (direct only) Agricultural soil 0 kg/d - (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading).




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment 8,330mg/L Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Set to 0 due to on-site treatment and removal.


Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Local concentration with atmospheric deposition not yet taken into account.


No data






Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 1, 2, 3, 4, 8a, 8b, 9, 13.



93-98%




8 h/d, 220 d/y


The effects of sulphuric acid following dermal exposures are local irritation and corrosivity of the skin. There is no evidence of systemic effects following dermal exposures to sulphuric acid. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment is expected to be negligible. Sulphuric acid is fully miscible in water and, as such, will not persist in any environmental compartment where indirect exposure of humans could occur. Furthermore none of the processes associated with sulphuric acid production involve any targeted environmental emissions or application and the primary receiving compartment is the on-site STP where rigorous neutralizations processes and employed. Body parts potentially exposed: skin (hands, face). Respiration volume under conditions of use 10m3/d. Default value for a worker breathing for a 8hrs work day. Skin contact area with the substance under conditions of use 480cm2 (ECETOC default). Please note that due to the corrosive nature of sulphuric acid dermal exposure is not considered relevant for risk characterization as it must be prevented in all cases.


Worker contact is generally very low as most operations are remotely controlled and sampling/analysis events are of short duration. Workers generally operate in a


separate control room, with no direct contact to the installations housing the material. Workers involved in sampling and transfer of materials to road tankers are trained in the procedures and protective equipment is intended to cope with the worst case scenario, in order to minimize exposure and risks.


Worker exposure considered to be negligible due to the specialized systems and closed nature of the process.







Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-04/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 04 – Use of sulphuric acid for extractions and processing of minerals, ores 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid for extractions and processing of minerals, ores. Sector of end use (SU): SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial

sites

SU2a Mining, (without offshore industries)



agents

PC40 Extraction agents

List of names of contributing worker scenarios and corresponding PROCs: PROC2 Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure



Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC4 Industrial use of processing aids in processes and products, not becoming part

of articles

ERC6b Industrial use of reactive processing aids



ERC 4, 6b.



93-98% but it may be diluted somewhat for certain applications and in the formulation of the extraction solution.

Amounts used Annual amount used per site 438 t/y (worst case extraction site).


Emission days per site 365 d/y. Estimated number of emission days, based on continuous use.




Use of sulphuric acid in the extraction and processing of minerals and ores often involves specialized processes, systems and machinery.


This use includes leaching, dissolution and enrichment of ores including zinc, copper, nickel and uranium. Metal removal from sand and clay and titanium limonite leaching are also encompassed under this use. The processes are highly specialized and during the solution preparation are fully sealed to limit emissions and environmental exposure. Furthermore waste capture strategies including the use of scrubbers and dedicated effluent treatment facilities are generally employed.






ERC 6b Release to air 1.2 kg/d (No refinement needed from tier 1, only the number of emission days has been refine). ERC 4 Release to air 1,140 kg/d (No refinement needed from tier 1, only the number of emission days has been refined).


ERC 6b Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on effective neutralization and pretreatment) . ERC 4 Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on effective neutralization and pretreatment).


ERC 6b Soil (direct only) /Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading). ERC 4 Soil (direct only)/ Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading).




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment ERC6B 36.5mg/L - ERC6b


Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Based on neutralization to around pH 7. ERC6b Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Waste water before treatment ERC4: 730mg/L - ERC4 Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Based on neutralization to around pH. ERC4 Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters.


No data






Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 2, 3, 4.



93-98% but it may be diluted somewhat for certain applications and in the formulation of the extraction solution.




8 h/d, 220 d/y


The effects of sulphuric acid following dermal exposures are local irritation and corrosivity of the skin. There is no evidence of systemic effects following dermal exposures to sulphuric acid. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment is expected to be negligible. Sulphuric acid is fully miscible in water and, as such, will not persist in any environmental compartment where indirect exposure of humans could occur. Furthermore none of the processes associated with sulphuric acid production involve any targeted environmental emissions or application and the primary receiving compartment is the on-site STP where rigorous neutralizations processes and employed. Body parts potentially exposed: skin (hands, face). Respiration volume under conditions of use 10m3/d. Default value for a worker breathing for a 8hrs work day. Skin contact area with the substance under conditions of


use 480cm2 (ECETOC default). Please note that due to the corrosive nature of sulphuric acid dermal exposure is not considered relevant for risk characterization as it must be prevented in all cases.




Worker exposure considered to be negligible due to the specialised systems and closed nature of the process.




Workers are trained in equipment procedures, General Recommendations and Good Work Practices, operations instructions.



Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-05/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 05 – Use of sulphuric acid in the process of surface treatments, purification and etching 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid in the process of surface treatments, purification and etching. Sector of end use (SU): SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial

sites

SU2a Mining, (without offshore industries)


SU15 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

SU16 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC): PC14 Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating

products

PC15 Non-metal-surface treatment products









Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC6b Industrial use of reactive processing aids



ERC 6b



93-98% Concentrated acid. Slightly diluted concentrations may also be used.

Amounts used Annual amount used per site: 10000 t/y (Worst case site).


Emission days per site 365 d/y. Estimate number of emission days, based on continuous


use.




Use of sulphuric acid a metallurgical surface treatment and etching agent involves specialized processes used to etch the surface of produced metals and to remove oxidation and surface contamination. Sulphuric acid is used in this manner to pickle metallic surface prior to electrolysis in order to remove impurities, stains, rust or other inorganic contaminants. Used pickling fluid is generally neutralized and does not have any consumer application. The processes which use sulphuric acid as metallurgical surface treatments are highly specialized and are controlled to limit emissions and environmental exposure. Generally the treatment process would be continuous.






Release to air 27,4 kg/d (No refinement needed from tier 1, only the number of emission days has been refine).


Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on effective neutralization and pre-treatment).


Soil (direct only) /Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading).




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment 833mg/L. Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Set to 0 due to on-site treatment and removal. Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Local concentration with atmospheric deposition not yet taken into account.

Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from

No data


site Conditions and measures related to on-site or municipal sewage treatment plant

Typical pretreatment or onsite STP. Waste waters are generally treated by on site WWTP which will be neutralized before it reaches the biological tower of the WWTP or will be treated on site by chemical neutralization methods before release to the municipal STP or to the environment. Discharge volume of sewage treatment




Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 1, 2, 3, 4, 8a, 8b, 9, 13.



93-98% Concentrated acid. Slightly diluted concentrations may also be used.




8 h/d, 220 d/y




Worker contact is generally very low as most operations are remotely controlled and sampling/analysis events are of short duration. Workers generally operate in a separate control room, with no direct contact to the installations housing the material. Workers involved in sampling and transfer of materials to road tankers are trained in the procedures and protective equipment is intended to cope with the worst case scenario, in order


to minimize exposure and risks.


Worker exposure considered to be negligible due to the specialized systems and closed nature of the process.




Workshop are trained in equipment procedures, General Recommendations and Good Work Practices, operations instructions.



Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-06 /SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 06 – Use of sulphuric acid in electrolytic processes 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid in electrolytic processes. Sector of end use (SU): SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial

sites


SU15 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

SU17 General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC): PC14 Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating

products

PC20 Products such as ph-regulators, flocculants, precipitants, neutralization agents






Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC5 Industrial use resulting in inclusion into or onto a matrix

ERC6b Industrial use of reactive processing aids



ERC 5, 6b.



93-98 % This concentration is used to prepare a diluted electrolyte solution.



Emission days per site 365 d/y. Estimate number of emission days, based on continuous use.



Other given operational For ES06 the processes utilizing sulphuric acid in


conditions affecting environmental exposure

electrolytic processes is highly specialized and utilizes specialized vessels, chambers and processes. The processes which use sulphuric acid as electrolytic agents are highly specialized and are controlled to limit emissions and environmental exposure. The electrolytic processes take place in a specially constructed vessel which contains a bath of sulphuric acid solution. Two electrical poles are located either side of the acid bath and these pass current through the electrolyte to achieve electrolysis






ERC 6b Release to air 6.32 kg/d (No refinement needed from tier 1, only the number of emission days has been refined). ERC 5 3,160 kg/d (No refinement needed from tier 1, only the number of emission days has been refined).


ERC 6b Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on effective neutralization and pretreatment ) ERC 5 Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on effective neutralization and pretreatment )


ERC 6b Soil (direct only) /Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading). ERC 5 Soil (direct only) /Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading).




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment ERC6b: 577 mg/L - ERC6b


Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Based on neutralization to around pH 7. ERC6b Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Waste water before treatment ERC5: 5.77mg/L ERC5 Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Based on neutralization to around pH. ERC5 Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters


No data




As the sulphuric acid acts primarily as an electrolyte the acid may be reused several times before it is considered spent and sent to the waste system. Furthermore waste capture strategies including the use of scrubbers and dedicated effluent treatment facilities are generally employed to reduce environmental emissions. Sediment from STP is stored in a landfill.


Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 1, 2, 8b, 9, 13.



93-98 % This concentration is used to prepare a diluted electrolyte solution.




8 h/d, 220 d/y


The effects of sulphuric acid following dermal exposures are local irritation and corrosivity of the skin. There is no evidence of systemic effects following dermal exposures to sulphuric acid. Indirect exposure of humans via the environment is expected to be negligible. Sulphuric acid is fully miscible in water and, as such, will not persist in any environmental compartment where indirect exposure of humans could occur. Furthermore none of the processes associated with sulphuric acid production involve any targeted environmental emissions or application and the primary receiving compartment is the on-site STP where rigorous neutralizations processes and employed. Body parts potentially exposed: skin (hands, face).


Respiration volume under conditions of use 10m3/d. Default value for a worker breathing for a 8hrs work day. Skin contact area with the substance under conditions of use 480cm2 (ECETOC default). Please note that due to the corrosive nature of sulphuric acid dermal exposure is not considered relevant for risk characterization as it must be prevented in all cases.




Worker exposure considered to be negligible due to specialized systems.


Local exhaust ventilation is not required. The nature of the process during electrolysis (including the corrosive nature of the acid and the electrical currents) all vessels, chambers, housings and pipelines are strictly controlled.




There is no worker exposure under normal conditions (closed and controlled processes). However there is required the use of personal protective equipment in order to minimize the risk exposure. See section 8 of the SDS.

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-07 /SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 07 – Use of sulphuric acid in gas purification, scrubbing and flue gas scrubbing 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid in gas purification, scrubbing and flue gas scrubbing.


sites



agents




Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC7 Industrial use of substances in closed systems



ERC 7

Product Characteristics Physical state: liquid


93-98 %



Emission days per site 365 d/y. Estimate number of emission days, based on continuous use.




ES07 encompasses the use of concentrated sulphuric acid as agent for gas purification. This includes gas scrubbing and flue gas scrubbing. The main applications of this would be in purification of gas from coke ovens and in the purification and drying of industrial gases generated from the manufacture of other substances. These processes are highly specialized and are controlled to limit emissions and environmental exposure. Furthermore


waste capture strategies including the containment of sulphuric acid in scrubbers and dedicated effluent treatment facilities are generally employed.


Working with sulphuric acid involves, special equipment and high integrity contained systems with little or no potential for exposure. Any gas displaced from containers is conducted via pipeline to be processed i.e. removed and scrubbed and /or filtered.




Release to air 5000 kg/d (No refinement needed from tier 1, only the number of emission days has been refine).


Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on effective neutralization and pre-treatment).


Soil (direct only) /Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading).




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment 2500mg/L Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Set to 0 due to on-site treatment and removal. Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Local concentration with atmospheric deposition not yet taken into account.


No data


Chemical pre-treatment or onsite STP. Waste waters are generally treated by on site WWTP which will be neutralized before it reaches the biological tower of the WWTP or will be treated on site by chemical neutralization methods before release to the municipal STP or to the environment. Discharge volume of sewage treatment plant 2000 m3/d.


Liquid wastes are treated (neutralization to neutral pH) prior to emission to remove any sulphuric acid in the waste water and sludge from the waste water treatment plant is sent for incineration or landfill and is not used


for agricultural spreading. This precludes any contamination of soil by sludge spreading.


Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 1, 2, 8b.



93-98 %




8 h/d, 220 d/y






Worker exposure considered to be negligible due to specialised systems.


Local exhaust ventilation is not required. Handling of sulphuric acid involves special equipment and controlled systems with little or no potential for exposure. Facilities involved in the production and uses of sulphuric acid are usually housed outdoors. Any gas displaced from


containers is conducted via pipeline to be processed i.e. removed and scrubbed and /or filtered.





Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-08/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 08 – Use of sulphuric acid in production of sulphuric acid contained batteries 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid in production of sulphuric acid contained batteries. Sector of end use (SU): SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial

sites

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC): PC0 Other: UCN code E10100 (Electrolytes)





Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC2 Formulation of preparations

ERC5 Industrial use resulting in inclusion into or onto a matrix

Article category related to subsequent service life (AC): AC3 Electrical batteries and accumulators


ERC 2, 5.



Diluted to 25 – 40% in electrolyte solution.



Emission days per site: 365 d/y




ES08 deals with the use of sulphuric acid in the production of lead-acid batteries. Specifically sulphuric acid is used in the production of the liquid electrolyte for batteries. The processes used in battery production are highly specialized and are controlled to limit emissions and environmental exposure. Furthermore waste capture strategies including the use of scrubbers and dedicated effluent treatment facilities are generally employed.

Technical conditions and Working with sulphuric acid involves, special equipment


measures at process level (source) to prevent release

and high integrity contained systems with little or no potential for exposure. Any gas displaced from containers is conducted via pipeline to be processed i.e. removed and scrubbed and /or filtered.




ERC 2 Release to air 625 kg/d No refinement needed from tier 1 to demonstrate safe use. As such the tier 1 value is presented here. ERC 5 Release to air 12500 kg/d No refinement needed from tier 1 to demonstrate safe use. As such the tier 1 value is presented here.


ERC 2 Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on effective neutralization and pretreatment). ERC 5 Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d (Based on effective neutralization and pretreatment).


ERC 2 Soil (direct only) /Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading) ERC 5 Soil (direct only) /Agricultural soil 0 kg/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading)




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment ERC2: 250 mg/L ERC2 Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Based on neutralization to around pH 7. ERC2 Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Waste water before treatment ERC5: 6.250 mg/L ERC5 Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Based on neutralization to around pH. ERC5 Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters.



No data




Liquid wastes are treated (neutralization to neutral pH) prior to emission to remove any sulphuric acid in the waste water and sludge from the waste water treatment plant is sent for incineration or landfill and is not used for agricultural spreading. This precludes any contamination of soil by sludge spreading. Waste water treatment is usually carried out by neutralization followed by flocculation or decantation.


Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 2, 3, 4, 9.



Diluted to 25 – 40% in electrolyte solution.




8 h/d, 220 d/y



Other given operational Worker contact is generally very low as most operations


conditions affecting workers exposure

are remotely controlled and sampling/analysis events are of short duration. Workers generally operate in a separate control room, with no direct contact to the installations housing the material. Workers involved in sampling and transfer of materials to road tankers are trained in the procedures and protective equipment is intended to cope with the worst case scenario, in order to minimize exposure and risks.




Local exhaust ventilation is not required. Handling of sulphuric acid involves special equipment and controlled systems with little or no potential for exposure. Facilities involved in the production and uses of sulphuric acid are usually housed outdoors. Any gas displaced from containers is conducted via pipeline to be processed i.e. removed and scrubbed and /or filtered.





Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-09/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 09 – Use of sulphuric acid in maintenance of sulphuric acid contained batteries 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid in maintenance of sulphuric acid contained batteries.

Sector of end use (SU): SU22 Professional uses: Public domain (administration, education, entertainment,

services, craftsmen)


List of names of contributing worker scenarios and corresponding PROCs: PROC19 Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available

Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC8b Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances in open systems

ERC9b Wide dispersive outdoor use of substances in closed systems

Article category related to subsequent service life (AC): AC3 Electrical batteries and accumulators


ERC 8b, 9b.



25-40%

Amounts used 1.5 kg/battery


Emission days 365 d/y. Estimate number of emission days, based on continuous use.




ES09 encompasses the use sulphuric acid in battery maintenance. Given that batteries are sealed articles and that the sulphuric acid involved in their maintenance is not intended for direct release, exposure to and emission from sulphuric acid in these processes should be minimal. The only exposure from the maintenance of lead acid batteries will come when the electrolyte solution is topped off or replaced with fresh de-ionized water. During routine battery maintenance, it is expected that should such operations be carried out, sufficient emission and exposure control measures are put in place to protect those carrying out the maintenance and the environment.

Technical conditions and Facilities involved in the maintenance of batteries using


measures at process level (source) to prevent release

sulphuric acid are usually housed outdoors. Any gas displaced from containers is conducted via pipeline to be processed i.e. removed and scrubbed and /or filtered.


Waste stream treatment may also be employed to reduce environmental exposure however for this wide dispersive use particular risk management measures are not needed to demonstrate environmental safe use. .Dilution factor of 10 (STP 2000 m3/d).


ERC 8b Release to air 0.686 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8b. ERC 9b Release to air 34,2 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC9b.


ERC 8b Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 13.7kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8b. ERC 9b Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 34.2kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC9b.


ERC 8b Soil (direct only)/ Agricultural soil 0 kg/d No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading. ERC 9b Soil (direct only)/ Agricultural soil 0 kg d No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading.




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment ERC8b: 6.86mg/L ERC8b Sewage (STP effluent) 0.0779mg/L ERC8b Local freshwater 0.0078mg/L - Waste water before treatment ERC9b 17.1mg/L ERC9b Sewage (STP effluent) 0.195mg/L ERC9b Local freshwater 0.0195mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters.


No data


Sulphuric acid is used in the maintenance and recycling of batteries on a large scale, generally on major chemical sites, which may have dedicated effluent treatment facilities, involving both chemical and


biological treatment, coping with many chemical substances. As such any emission to wastewater will be almost instantly hydrolyzed before even reaching the STP. Discharge volume of sewage treatment plant 2000 m3/d.


Maintenance of batteries is generally carried out by trained technicians in facilities with exposure and waste treatment procedures in place.


Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 19



25-40%




8 h/d, 220 d/y




Loading and unloading of vessels of sulphuric acid for use in maintenance of batteries is usually performed in the open air. Workers wear protective clothing (face/eye protection, helmet, anti-acid gloves boots and protective overall).



Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source

Local exhaust ventilation is not required. Handling of sulphuric acid involves special equipment and controlled systems with little or no potential for exposure.


towards the worker Facilities involved in the production and uses of sulphuric acid are usually housed outdoors. Any gas displaced from containers is conducted via pipeline to be processed i.e. removed and scrubbed and /or filtered.




There is no worker exposure under normal conditions (controlled processes). However there is required the use of personal protective equipment in order to minimize the risk exposure. See section 8 of the SDS.

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-10/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 10 – Use of sulphuric acid in recycling of sulphuric acid contained batteries 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid in recycling of sulphuric acid contained batteries.


sites




PROC5 Mixing or blending in batch processes for formulation of preparations and articles (multistage and/or significant contact)


Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC1 Manufacture of substances



ERC 1



25-40%



365 d/y




ES10 encompasses the management of sulphuric acid electrolyte (25 – 40%) in battery recycling. Given that lead-acid batteries are sealed articles and that the sulphuric acid involved in their recycling is not intended for direct release, exposure to and emission from sulphuric acid in these processes should be minimal. The process of battery recycling is aimed at recovery of the lead from the battery plates and removal of the sulphuric acid electrolyte solution. The batteries are mechanically crushed using, for example, a hydraulic


press, and the electrolyte is drained and collected.


Any gas displaced from battery containers during the recycling process is conducted via pipeline to be processed i.e. removed and scrubbed and /or filtered for recovery.


Chemical pre-treatment or onsite STP. Extracted acid may also be collected and re-used and thus not directed to waste. Waste waters are generally treated on site by chemical and/or biological methods before release to the municipal STP or to the environment.


Release to air 34.2 kg/d No refinement needed from tier 1 to demonstrate safe use. As such the tier 1 value is presented here.


Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d Based on effective neutralization and pre-treatment.


Soil (direct only)/ Agricultural soil 0 kd/d (No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading).




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment 17,1mg/L Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Based on neutralization to around pH 7. Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Local concentration with atmospheric deposition not yet taken into account.


No data


Waste waters are generally treated on site by chemical and/or biological methods before release to the municipal STP or to the environment. Discharge volume of sewage treatment plant 2000 m3/d.


Liquid wastes are treated (neutralization to neutral pH) prior to emission to remove any sulphuric acid in the waste water and sludge from the waste water treatment plant is sent for incineration or landfill and is not used for agricultural spreading. This precludes any contamination of soil by sludge spreading.


Not applicable


3. Control of worker exposure PROC 2, 4, 5, 8a.



25-40%




8 h/d, 220 d/y




Loading and unloading of vessels of sulphuric acid for use in maintenance of batteries is usually performed in the open air. Workers wear protective clothing (face/eye protection, helmet, anti-acid gloves boots and protective overall).








There is no worker exposure under normal conditions (controlled processes). However there is required the use of personal protective equipment in order to minimize the risk exposure. See section 8 of the SDS.

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-11/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 11 – Use of sulphuric acid as laboratory chemicals 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid as laboratory chemicals. Sector of end use (SU): SU22 Professional uses: Public domain (administration, education, entertainment,

services, craftsmen)

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC): PC21 Laboratory chemicals

List of names of contributing worker scenarios and corresponding PROCs: PROC15 Use as laboratory reagent

Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC8a Wide dispersive indoor use of processing aids in open systems

ERC8b Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances in open systems



ERC 8a, 8b.



93-98%

Amounts used Annual amount used per site: 5000 t/y Worst case assumption


Emission days per site 365 d/y. Estimate number of emission days, based on continuous use in at least one site per day in any particular catchment. Wide dispersive use.




ES11 covers the use of sulphuric acid as a laboratory chemical. These uses would be on a small scale, and would include use in buffers, in protein reagents and as acidification reagents.


It is expected that should such operations be carried out, sufficient emission and exposure control measures must be put in place to protect those carrying out the laboratory work and the environment. As the use of sulphuric acid in the laboratory is carried out at a large number of facilities on a relatively small scale, this use is considered widespread. It may also be the case that many dilutions of sulphuric acid may be used in laboratories as the uses of acid in laboratory science are so diverse.



In laboratory settings capture and controlled disposal of waste acids is generally employed.


ERC 8a Release to air 1,370 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8a. ERC 8b Release to air 1,370 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8b.


ERC 8a Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 1,370 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8a ERC 8b Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 27,4 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8b


ERC 8a Soil (direct only)/ Agricultural soil 0 kd/d No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading. ERC 8b Soil (direct only)/ Agricultural soil 0 kd/d No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading.




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment ERC8a: 685mg/L ERC8a Sewage (STP effluent) 7.79mg/L ERC8a Local freshwater 0.779mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Waste water before treatment ERC8b: 13.7mg/L ERC8b Sewage (STP effluent) 0.156mg/L ERC8b Local freshwater 0.0156 mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters.


No data


Municipal or other type of external waste water treatment. Effluent (of the waste water treatment plant) discharge rate 2000 m3/d.


Waste stream treatment may also be employed to reduce environmental exposure however for this wide dispersive use particular risk management measures are not needed to demonstrate environmental safe use for laboratories.



Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 15



93-98%

Physical state Physical state: liquid



240 mins exposure / day; 240 mins non-exposure/day




Uses would generally be on a smaller scale and would be expected to be highly contained. Laboratory workers involved in handing and use of sulphuric acid are trained in the procedures and protective equipment is intended to cope with the worst case scenario, in order to minimize exposure and risks.


Please note that due to the corrosive nature of sulphuric acid dermal exposure is not considered relevant for risk characterisation as it must be prevented in all cases.


Chemists and laboratory workers would generally work under exhaust/fume hoods (LEV) all day when working with sulphuric acid.


Training. Monitoring/reporting and auditing systems: Equipment must be well maintained and cleaned daily. Containment plus good work practice required


There is no worker exposure under normal conditions . However there is required the use of personal protective equipment in order to minimize the risk exposure. See section 8 of the SDS.


Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-12/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 12 – Use of sulphuric acid in industrial cleaning 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of sulphuric acid in industrial cleaning. Sector of end use (SU): SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial

sites

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC): PC35 Washing and cleaning products (including solvent based products)






PROC10 Roller application or brushing


Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC8a Wide dispersive indoor use of processing aids in open systems

ERC8b Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances in open systems



ERC 8a, 8b.



10%

Amounts used Annual amount used per site: 5000 t/y Worst case site.


Emission days per site 365 d/y. Estimate number of emission days, based on wide dispersive uses.




ES12 covers the use of sulphuric acid as a component or feedstock in heavy duty industrial cleaners. This use would not be very regular and would generally be used in cases of heavy industrial contamination. The sulphuric acid present in the cleaner is generally in quite small


concentrations and certainly is much less concentrated than in most industrial exposure scenarios.


Sulphuric acid cleaning would not be required regularly and duration of exposure would be short. Amounts used would vary by requirements and by facility but would generally be many times less than those involved with industrial processes.


Use would involve emission to the STP where removal is expected to be efficient. Emissions are on a wide scale with many small point sources.


ERC 8a Release to air 1,370 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8a. ERC 8b Release to air 1,370 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8b.


ERC 8a Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 1,370 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8a ERC 8b Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 27,4 kg/d Predicted values are those calculated by EUSES using the tonnage data and defaults for ERC8b


ERC 8a Soil (direct only)/ Agricultural soil 0 kd/d No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading. ERC 8b Soil (direct only)/ Agricultural soil 0 kd/d No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading.




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment ERC8a 685 mg/L ERC8a Sewage (STP effluent) 7.79 mg/L ERC8a Local freshwater 0.779 mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Waste water before treatment ERC8b 13.7 mg/L ERC8b Sewage (STP effluent) 0.156 mg/L ERC8b Local freshwater 0.0156 mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters.


Not applicable



Sulphuric acid is used as a chemical product on a widespread scale. Sites would usually have dedicated effluent treatment facilities, involving chemical neutralization and either on-site biological treatment, or facilities (e.g. road tanker) to transfer the neutralized effluent to a municipal STP where biological treatment is available. As such any emission to wastewater will be almost instantly hydrolyzed before even reaching the STP.


No data


Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 2, 5, 8a, 8b, 9, 10, 13.



10%




480 min/d




Workers involved in using sulphuric acid in industrial cleaning applications are trained in the procedures and protective equipment is intended to cope with the worst case scenario, in order to minimize exposure and risks.


Please note that due to the corrosive nature of sulphuric acid dermal exposure is not considered relevant for risk characterisation as it must be prevented in all cases.







There is no worker exposure under normal conditions . However there is required the use of personal protective equipment in order to minimize the risk exposure. See section 8 of the SDS.

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-13/SDS-ZChP - 003/10

version 01



02.11.2010 -

ES 13 – Mixing, preparation and repackaging of sulphuric acid 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Mixing, preparation and repackaging of sulphuric acid. Sector of end use (SU): SU3 Industrial uses: Uses of substances as such or in preparations at industrial

sites

SU10 Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or repackaging (excluding alloys)

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC): – Not applicable







Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC: ERC2 Formulation of preparations



ERC 2



93-98%

Amounts used Annual amount used per site: 300000 t/y Worst case site.


365 d/y




ES13 encompasses the use sulphuric acid during mixing, repackaging, preparation and in the production of Oleum. Oleum is produced using sulphur trioxide which is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid is used in this manner is generally recycled by dilution of the produced oleum. These processes are highly specialized and are controlled to limit emissions and environmental exposure.



Because of the high temperatures involved in the manufacturing processes (and the nature of sulphuric acid and the produced gases) all reactors and pipelines are sealed and insulated, to prevent loss of the reaction materials and maintain the necessary temperatures, and to protect the workforce and the environment.


Exhaust gasses can be filtered and scrubbed; typically this removes >99% of sulphur oxides. Environmental emissions are limited by designated waste treatment processes designed to limit environmental exposure


Release to air 205 kg/d No refinement of the emission amounts is required only the number of emission days have been altered to derive this value.


Aquatic freshwater (after STP) 0 kg/d Based on efficient neutralization.


Soil (direct only)/ Agricultural soil 0 kd/d No directly loss to soil is expected for this ERC and no sludge spreading.




+) cation. Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment 13200 mg/L Sewage (STP effluent) 0mg/L - Based on efficient neutralization Local freshwater 0mg/L. 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Local concentration with atmospheric deposition not yet taken into account.


No data


Chemical pre-treatment or onsite STP. Waste waters are generally treated on site by chemical neutralization methods before release to the municipal STP or to the environment. Discharge volume of sewage treatment plant 2000 m3/d.


Liquid wastes are treated (neutralization to neutral pH) prior to emission to remove any sulphuric acid in the waste water and sludge from the waste water treatment plant is sent for incineration or landfill and is not used for agricultural spreading. This precludes any contamination of soil by sludge spreading.


Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure PROC 1, 3, 5, 8a, 8b, 9.




93-98%




480 min/d













Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.

EXPOSURE SCENARIO

ES 14

ES-14/SDS-ZChP -

003/10

version 01


The date of:

Compilation revision

02.11.2010 -

ES 14 – Use of sulphuric acid contained batteries

1. Short title of the exposure scenario:

Use of sulphuric acid contained batteries.

Sector of end use (SU):

SU21 Consumer uses: Private households (= general public = consumers)

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC):

– Not applicable

List of names of contributing worker scenarios and corresponding PROCs:

PROC19 Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available

Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC:

ERC9b Wide dispersive outdoor use of substances in closed systems

Article category related to subsequent service life (AC):

AC3 Electrical batteries and accumulators


ERC 9b

Product Characteristics Psychical state: liquid.

Concentration of substance in

mixture or articles

25-40%

Amounts used 1.5 kg/battery

Frequency and duration of use Emission days 365 d/y. Estimate number of emission days,

based on continuous use.

Environment factors not

influenced by risk management

Discharge volume of sewage treatment plant 2000 m3/d.

Available river water volume to receive the emissions from a

site 20000 m3/d.

Other given operational

conditions affecting

environmental exposure

ES14 encompasses the use of sulphuric acid in battery

maintenance by the consumer in the form of DIY battery

maintenance/top-up kits. This would be sporadic in nature.

Given that batteries are sealed articles and that the sulphuric acid

involved in their maintenance is not intended for direct release,

exposure to and emission from sulphuric acid in these processes

should be minimal.

Conditions and measures related

to municipal sewage treatment

plant

Waste stream treatment may also be employed to reduce

environmental exposure however for this wide dispersive use

particular risk management measures are not needed to

demonstrate environmental safe use.


to external treatment of waste

for disposal

Not applicable


to external recovery of waste

No data


3. Control of consumer exposure


Concentration of substance in

mixture or articles

25-40%

Physical state Psychical state: liquid


Frequency and duration of

use/exposure

240 min/d

Human factors not influenced by

risk management

Please note that due to the corrosive nature of sulphuric acid

dermal exposure is not considered relevant for risk

characterization as it must be prevented in all cases.

Loading and unloading of vessels of sulphuric acid for use in

maintenance of batteries is usually performed in the open air.

Consumers are advised to wear protective clothing.

Respiration volume under conditions of use 10m3/d. Default

value for a worker breathing for a 8hrs work day.

Skin contact area with the substance under conditions of use

480cm2 (ECETOC default).

Other given operational

conditions affecting consumers

exposure

Process is done at room temperature.


to information and behavioral

advice to consumers

Classification and labeling of preparations containing sulphuric

acid(or less, depending on what other substances are present)

would require hazard communication according to the

legislation.


to personal protection and

hygiene

Recommended: PPE (gloves, etc).

Documents

Sulphuric Acid(VI) 95% compilation revision ” S.A