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8/13/2019 Sulphuric Acid Production
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SULFURIC ACID
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GROUP MEMBERS SALMAN SHEIKH (2012-CH-
100) UMER ALI (2012-CH-
76)
UMER TAHIR (2012-CH-
72)
EMAD ALI (2012-CH-
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INTRODUCTION
King of chemicals
Oil of vitriol
Highly corrosive
Colorless
Oily liquidViscous liquid
Dibasic
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Molecular Formula H2SO4
Molar mass 98.079 g/mol
Appearance Clear, colorless, odorless liquid
Density 1.84 g/cm3, liquid
Melting Point 10 C, 283 K, 50 F
Boiling Point 337 C, 610 K, 639 F (Whensulfuric acid is above 300 C, it will
decompose slowly)
Solubility In water miscible
Acidity 3, 1.99
Viscosity 26.7 cP (20 C)
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GRADES OF SULFURIC ACID
Mass fractionH2SO4
Density(kg/L)
Concentration(mol/L)
Common name
10% 1.07 ~1 dilute sulfuric acid
2932% 1.251.28 4.25battery acid
(used in lead-acidbatteries)
6270% 1.521.60 9.611.5 chamber acidfertilizer acid
7880% 1.701.73 13.514tower acidGlover acid
98% 1.83 ~18
concentrated
sulfuric acid
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIESOxidizing property
Fe (s) + H2SO4(aq) H2(g) + FeSO4(aq)
Reaction with non metal
C(s) + 2 H2SO4(conc) CO2(g)+ 2SO2(g)+ 2 H2O(l)
Exothermic propertySO3(g) + H2O H2SO4(aq)(88kj)
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DEHYDRATION PROPERTY
C12H22O11(WHITE SUCROSE) + SULFURIC ACID (conc)12 C(BLACK GRAPHITIC FOAM)+ 11 H2O (steam) + SULFURIC
ACID/WATER MIXTURE
ACID BASE PROPERTIES
CuO (s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4(aq) + H2O (l)
DISPLACE WEAKER ACID
H2SO4(CONC)+ CH3COONA (s) NaHSO4(aq) + CH3COOH(l)
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USES OF SULFURIC ACID
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INDUSTRIAL USAGEELECTROLYTE PETROLEUM REFINING
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CATALYST PAINTS
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DETERGENTS EXPLOSIVE
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WASTE WATER
TREATMENT
FERTILIZER
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DOMESTIC USAGE
ACIDIC DRAIN CLEANER HEALTH
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PROCESS FOR SULPHURIC
ACID PRODUCTION
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PROCESS
LEAD CHAMBER PROCESSCONTACT PROCESSSingle Absorption contact process
Double absorption contact process
Wet contact process
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LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS
GLOVER TOWERConcentration of tower acid
Stripping of nitrogen dioxide
Tower/ glover acidLEAD LINED CHAMBERSChamber acid or fertilizer acid
62% - 68%H2SO4
GAY LUSSAC TOWERWash with cooled concentrated acid
78-80% H2SO
4
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LEAD CHAMBER PROCESS
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CONTACTPROCESS
Catalysis Conversion Vanadium pentaoxide catalyst over PHILLIPS
Platinum catalyst
Double catalysis process Double absorption tower used
For further purification
Wet contact process Moist sulfur dioxide-containing gases
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Single Absorption
Contact Process
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CONT..There are five steps in the manufacture of
sulphuric acid by the contact process:
Production of sulphur dioxide
Purification of gases
Oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide
Absorption of sulphur trioxide in sulphuric acid Dilution of oleum
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BASIC FLOW DIAGRAM
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Reaction Chemistry
Sulphur BurnerS(aq)+ O2(g) SO2(g) H = -298.3 kJ, 25C
4 pass converterSO
2(g)+ O
2(g) SO
3(g) H = -98.3 kJ, 25C
Oleum TowerSO3(g)+ H2SO4(aq) H2S2O7(aq) H = -130.4 kJ, 25C
Absorbtion towerH2S2O7(aq)+ H2O(g) H2SO4(aq)
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PROCESS FLOW
DIAGRAM
Process Flow Diagram
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Process Flow Diagram
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EQUIPMENT'S Cooler
Centrifugal pump
Blower
Drying tower
Sulfur burner
Waste heat boiler
Electrostatic dust precipitator
Heat exchanger
4-pass converter
Economizer
Absorbing tower
Scrubber
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COOLER An induced draft cooling tower.
Acid cooler over absorbing tower maintain the temperature
of it.
Acid cooler over drying tower to maintain the concentration
of H2SO4and also used for drying air.
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
ACID PUMP
TO CIRCULATE THE ACID OVER THE DRYING AND
ABSORPTION TOWER.
SULFUR PUMP
PREVENT THE SULFUR FROM COOLING AND
SOLIDIFICATION.
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BLOWER
To propel the air at high pressure. React with sulfur in a burner. Major energy consumer.
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DRYING TOWER
To remove moisture from air by H
2
SO4
(93 98%.)
In first tower, air is enter and pure by H2SO4
In second tower, moist air is enter from scrubber.
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SULFURBURNER
The temperature of burner is 1000 -
1200C.
Dry enters in burner.
Dry air react with molten Sulfur to give SO2.
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WASTE HEAT BOILER
First boiler, maintain the temperature of SO2andpass it to precipitator.
second boiler, maintain the temperature of SO3
which come from second round of converter from( 510 to 450C)and alsoproduce steam from SO2and SO3.
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ELECTROSTATIC DUST PRECIPITATOR
It separate the unwanted particle by electrostaticattraction.
Separate the dust andsmoke particles from SO2and push to scrubber.
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HEAT EXCHANGER
First time, when SO3exchange heat with air(steam)for sulfur burner.
Second time, exchange the heat of SO3 by air tomaintain the temperature of 4-pass converter from(600 to 450C).
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4-PASS CONVERTER
Basically a reactor that
converts SO2into SO3in
areversible process
It uses vanadium pentoxideas catalyst
It operates usually at 450-
500 degree celcius with 1-2atm pressure.
Give 98-99% conversion into
so3
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ECONOMIZER
The SO3 which is come from 4-pass converter,temperature is 535C.
To control heat of SO3 and produce steam.
Improves the economy.
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ABSORBING TOWER
After economizer, first tower absorb water to convertoleum.
Second tower, convert it into fuming H2SO4. leave the stack gases.
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SCRUBBER
To remove the dust particle from SO2gas byspraying liquid.
It give the moist SO2 and give
it to the drying tower formaximum drying SO2 .
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THE END