Sport Books Publisher1 The Mental Side of Human Performance
Chapter 13
Slide 2
Sport Books Publisher2 INTRODUCTION
Slide 3
Sport Books Publisher3 History of Sport Psychology Chinese and
Greek Civilizations Healthy mind in a healthy body 1800s First
sport psychology research Effects of audience on performance of
cyclists Past Three Decades Increased recognition and growth of
sport psychology discipline
Slide 4
Sport Books Publisher4 Growth of Sport Psychology Sport
psychology has only recently developed and grown due to:
1.Expansion of scientific knowledge and emergence of different
branches 2.Increased media attention
Slide 5
Sport Books Publisher5 Outline In this section you will be
introduced to the following sport psychology issues: Influence of
personality on performance Effects of sport on personality
Relationship between anxiety and performance Effects of motivation
on sport performance Effects of the audience on athletic
accomplishments
Slide 6
Sport Books Publisher6 PERSONALITY AND THE ATHLETE
Slide 7
Sport Books Publisher7 Personality: Pattern of characteristic
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish one person from
another and persist over time and situations.
Slide 8
Sport Books Publisher8 The study of personality in sport
psychology can help us answer the following questions: Do athletes
possess different personality characteristics than nonathletes? Do
winners possess different personality profiles than losers? Does
personality determine sport preference, or does a particular sport
mold our personality accordingly? Can personality be changed or
does it remain relatively fixed throughout involvement in
sport?
Slide 9
Sport Books Publisher9 Personalities of Athletes Versus
Nonathletes
Slide 10
Sport Books Publisher10 Personalities of Athletes Versus
Nonathletes Compared to nonathletes, athletes are more: Stable
Extroverted Competitive Dominant Self-confident
Achievement-oriented Psychologically well-adjusted Conservative
with respect to political views Authoritarian Persistent Display
higher levels of self-esteem
Slide 11
Sport Books Publisher11 Personalities of Athletes Versus
Nonathletes Although differences exist, a clear pattern of
differences has yet to emerge
Slide 12
Sport Books Publisher12 Personality Profiles of Athletes
Differing in Skill Level
Slide 13
Sport Books Publisher13 Definitions Personality traits:
psychological characteristics of the athlete which remain
relatively stable over time Personality states: right now kinds of
feelings which are situation-specific State-trait controversy:
disagreement of the relative merits of studying states versus
traits Interactional theory: the best state-trait approach, which
considers personality traits and states, as well as
situation-specific factors
Slide 14
Sport Books Publisher14 It is NOT yet possible to distinguish
between successful and unsuccessful athletes using personality
traits However, it is possible to distinguish between the elite
athletes and the lesser skilled in terms of mood states
Slide 15
Sport Books Publisher15 Mood States of Elite Versus Nonelite
Athletes Mood states of elite athletes versus lesser skilled
athletes are below in: And are markedly higher in: Tension
Depression Anger Fatigue Confusion Vigor
Slide 16
Sport Books Publisher16 Iceberg Profile This mood state profile
resembles an iceberg and is therefore often referred to as the
iceberg profile
Slide 17
Sport Books Publisher17 Developmental Effects of Sport on
Personality
Slide 18
Sport Books Publisher18 Are personality differences due to the
athletic experience? Or Do certain personality traits cause the
individual to go out for certain sports (gravitational hypothesis)?
Evidence tends to support the gravitational hypothesis HOWEVER,
participation in sports can also enhance personality
development
Slide 19
Sport Books Publisher19 Personality and the Athlete:
Conclusions Athletes tend to be more extroverted, independent, and
self-confident than nonathletes; they also tend to be less anxious
Elite athletes can be distinguished from lesser skilled athletes by
means of the iceberg profile; it is not possible, however, to
distinguish between winners and losers Individuals with certain
personality traits tend to gravitate toward sports; sport also has
the potential to enhance certain personality traits