Speechact Apologies 091025034901 Phpapp02

7/24/2019 Speechact Apologies 091025034901 Phpapp02

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An English saying goesAn English saying goes"Sorry is the hardest word"."Sorry is the hardest word".This is not because it is hardThis is not because it is hard

to pronounce or spell, butto pronounce or spell, butbecause you have to admitbecause you have to admit

that you have donethat you have done

something wrong.something wrong.


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Speech Act ---ApologiesSpeech Act ---Apologies

97426026 Dolphin Lin97426026 Dolphin Lin


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Reasons for using apologiesReasons for using apologies

To say that they are sorryTo say that they are sorry

To explain hy the o!ense happene"To explain hy the o!ense happene"

To #a$e a repair for the o!ense an"To #a$e a repair for the o!ense an"

#aintain a goo" relationship ith the#aintain a goo" relationship ith thea""resseea""ressee


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%i&e possi'le strategies for%i&e possi'le strategies for

#a$ing an apology#a$ing an apology ()ohen *()ohen *+lshtain,9./+lshtain,9./

An expression of an apology An expression of an apology

2 Ac$nole"ge#ent of responsi'ility2 Ac$nole"ge#ent of responsi'ility1 An explanation or account1 An explanation or account

4 An o!er of repair4 An o!er of repair

A pro#ise of non-recurrence A pro#ise of non-recurrence


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An expression of an apologyAn expression of an apology

3er'----sorry5, excuse5, forgi&e5,3er'----sorry5, excuse5, forgi&e5, apologie5apologie5

"I am sorry that I was late""I am sorry that I was late"

"We apologize for the delay in answering"We apologize for the delay in answering

your call."your call."

ntensi8er---- really5, &ery5ntensi8er---- really5, &ery5

"I'm really very sorry.""I'm really very sorry."

nterection---- +h:5, +ops5nterection---- +h:5, +ops5


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Ac$nole"ge of responsi'ilityAc$nole"ge of responsi'ility

The o!en"er recognies his;her faultThe o!en"er recognies his;her faultin causing the infractionin causing the infraction

The "egree of recognition on the part ofThe "egree of recognition on the part of

thetheapologierot acceptthe 'la#e atall


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An explanation or accountAn explanation or account

The spea$er "escri'es the situationThe spea$er "escri'es the situation

hich cause" hi#;her to co##it thehich cause" hi#;her to co##it the

o!enseo!ense

=xplanation is use" 'y the spea$er=xplanation is use" 'y the spea$er

as an in"irect ay of apologiingas an in"irect ay of apologiing

The 'us as late5The 'us as late5

?y cloc$ "oesn@t or$5?y cloc$ "oesn@t or$5


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An o!er of repairAn o!er of repair

The apologier #a$es a 'i" to carryThe apologier #a$es a 'i" to carry

out an action or pro&i"e pay#ent forout an action or pro&i"e pay#ent for

so#e $in" of "a#age resulting fro#so#e $in" of "a#age resulting fro#

his; her infractionhis; her infraction

o can #a$e it up to you- hy "on@t 'uyo can #a$e it up to you- hy "on@t 'uy

youyou

lunch on %ri"ayB5lunch on %ri"ayB5 Coul" you 'e illing to resche"ule theCoul" you 'e illing to resche"ule the

#eetingB5#eetingB5


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A pro#ise of non-recurrenceA pro#ise of non-recurrence

The apologier co##its hi#;herselfThe apologier co##its hi#;herself

to not ha&ing the o!ense happento not ha&ing the o!ense happen

againagain

t on@t happen again:5t on@t happen again:5

ill ne&er 'e late again:5 ill ne&er 'e late again:5


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%actors that #ay a!ect ho you%actors that #ay a!ect ho you

oul" "eli&er an apology


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Apologier 'y relati&e "istanceApologier 'y relati&e "istance

of recipientof recipient


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Apologier 'y relati&e poer ofApologier 'y relati&e poer of

recipientrecipient


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Sex Di!erences an" ApologiesSex Di!erences an" Apologies

(Eanet ol#es,9.9/(Eanet ol#es,9.9/

Apologies analye" accor"ing to sex oApologies analye" accor"ing to sex o

f participantsf participantsAnalysis of apology strategies accor"Analysis of apology strategies accor"

ing to apologier sexing to apologier sex nteraction of apologier sex ithnteraction of apologier sex ith

o!ence typeo!ence type

Sex of respon"er 'y responseSex of respon"er 'y response

strategystrategy


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Apologies analye" accor"ing toApologies analye" accor"ing to

sex of participantssex of participants


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Analysis of apology strategiesAnalysis of apology strategies

accor"ing to apologier sexaccor"ing to apologier sex Apology StrategyApology Strategy Apologier SexApologier Sex

%e#ale F ?ale%e#ale F ?ale

FF

A =xplicit expression of apologyA =xplicit expression of apology 6767 2020

G Ac$nole"ge#ent ofG Ac$nole"ge#ent of

responsi'ilityresponsi'ility.4.4

) =xplanation or account) =xplanation or account 214214 2020

D An o!er of repair; re"ressD An o!er of repair; re"ress 6262

= A pro#ise of non-recurrence= A pro#ise of non-recurrence 44 22


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nteraction of apologier sexnteraction of apologier sex

ith o!ence typeith o!ence type +!ence Type+!ence Type Apologier SexApologier Sex

%e#ale F ?ale F%e#ale F ?ale F

ncon&eniencencon&enience (eg ina"eHuate goo"s or(eg ina"eHuate goo"s or

ser&ices/ser&ices/

1.1. 1919

2Space2Space (eg 'u#ping into 3/(eg 'u#ping into 3/

9494 .7.7

1Tal$1Tal$

(eg interrupting 3/(eg interrupting 3/

7979 1010

4Ti#e4Ti#e (eg $eeping 3 aiting/(eg $eeping 3 aiting/

99 2727

IossessionsIossessions

(eg "a#aging 3@s pen/(eg "a#aging 3@s pen/

00 1010

6Social ga!e6Social ga!e

(eg 'urping/(eg 'urping/

2222 4141


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Sex of respon"er 'y response strategySex of respon"er 'y response strategy

Response StrategyResponse Strategy Respon"er SexRespon"er Sex

%e#ale F ?ale F%e#ale F ?ale F

A AcceptA Accept (eg That@s o$/(eg That@s o$/ 1.01.0 277277

G Ac$nole"geG Ac$nole"ge (eg +J,(eg +J,'ut/'ut/ 0909 0606

) Reect) Reect (eg ?ar$e"(eg ?ar$e"silence/silence/

66 99

D =&a"eD =&a"e(eg Let@s #a$e another(eg Let@s #a$e another

ti#e/ti#e/

2727 22

= >o response= >o response

pro&i"e"pro&i"e"2424 4949

% +ther% +ther 44 22


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="ison@s Apology="ison@s Apology

A%T=R sin$ing the ong JongA%T=R sin$ing the ong Jong

entertain#ent orl" into its orstentertain#ent orl" into its orst

scan"al e&er, singer an" actor ="isonscan"al e&er, singer an" actor ="ison

)hen 8nally ca#e out to issue an)hen 8nally ca#e out to issue anapology on Satur"ay, %e' 9, throughapology on Satur"ay, %e' 9, through

a &i"eo release" 'y his layera &i"eo release" 'y his layer

="ison )hen #a"e a 8nal pu'licapology on %e' 2


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=xercise=xercise

)o#paring the last ="ison@s apology)o#paring the last ="ison@s apologyith the pre&ious one, hich "o youith the pre&ious one, hich "o youthin$ is #ore accepta'leB ChyBthin$ is #ore accepta'leB ChyB

Coul" it help if ="ison crie" henCoul" it help if ="ison crie" henapologiingB Chy or hy notBapologiingB Chy or hy notB

Chy ="ison apologie" in =nglish otherChy ="ison apologie" in =nglish otherthan his on language---than his on language---CantoneseCantoneseBBn other or"s, hat #ight 'e then other or"s, hat #ight 'e thefunction of using =nglish language tofunction of using =nglish language toapologieBapologieB

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Speechact Apologies 091025034901 Phpapp02