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Spanish in the Pharmacy: What You Need to Know

Edward L. Rogan, PharmD, BCACPCynthia S. Valle-Oseguera, PharmD, APh, BCACP, BCGP Veronica T. Bandy, PharmD, MS, BCACP, FCPHA, FCSHP

University of the Pacific Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health SciencesStockton, California

BACKGROUND OF LANGUAGE AND SIMILARITIES TO ENGLISH

SPANISH vs. ENGLISHOrigins

ENGLISH

• Germanic language family

• Vocabulary from:– Latin (over 60%)

• French

– Greek

– Old English

– Many other languages

SPANISH

• Latin or Romance language family

• Vocabulary from: – Latin (over 90%)

– Other languages• Arabic

• Native American languages

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SPANISH vs. ENGLISHComponents

ENGLISH • SVO language• Uses Latin alphabet• Nouns are neuter• Over 15 vowels using 6

letters• Verbs don’t conjugate• Adjectives precede nouns• Consonants basically the

same

SPANISH• SVO language• Uses Latin alphabet• Nouns have gender• 5 vowels using 5 letters• Verbs conjugate• Adjectives follow nouns• Consonants basically the

same

HISPANIC FACTS FROM CENSUS DATA

Hispanic Population by % 2010

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% Change in Latino Population2000-2010

Facts• 119 million --The projected Hispanic population

of the United States in 2060 making it 28.6 % of the nation’s population.

• 8 --The number of states with a population of 1 million or more Hispanic residents in 2014 —Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, New Jersey, New York and Texas.

• 55% --The percentage of all the Hispanic population that lived in California, Florida and Texas as of July 1, 2014.

• Source: US Census 2014 Population Projections

HISPANIC CULTURE

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What is “Culture”?

Sias JJ, Loya AM, Rivera JO, Shenberger-Trujillo JM. Cultural Competency. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey L. eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 10e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Hispanic/Latino Culture

• It is NOT one uniform culture

• It is NOT a race• Differences exist:

– Country of origin

– Generation of Immigrant/amount of time in the US

…Many differences exist between Hispanics

Hispanic Culture and Healthcare

Sias JJ, Loya AM, Rivera JO, Shenberger-Trujillo JM. Cultural Competency. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey L. eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 10e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Larkey LK, Hecht ML, Miller K, Alatorre C. Hispanic cultural norms for health-seeking behaviors in the face of symptoms. Health Educ Behav. 2001;28(1):65-80.

Juckett G. Caring for Latino patients. Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(1):48-54.

Health Seeking

Behaviors

Health Seeking

Behaviors

Health and Religion

Health and Religion

Healthcare Practices

Healthcare Practices

Alternative Medicine

Alternative Medicine

FamilyFamily

CommunicationCommunication

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In the Pharmacy…

• Prescriptions and Refills

• Asking questions or questioning authority?

• Last names

• Dates

…A little Spanish goes a long way towards building patient trust!

PRONUNCIATION

English Pronunciation

• Comb

• Bomb

• Tomb

• Tear

• Tear

• Worm

• Storm

• Youth

• South

• Fever

• Ever

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Can you pronounce this?

• Seven is right, but so is even,• Hyphen, roughen, nephew Stephen,• Monkey, donkey, Turk and jerk,• Ask, grasp, wasp, and cork and work.• Won’t it make you lose your wits,• Writing groats and saying grits?• It’s a dark abyss or tunnel:• Strewn with stones, stowed, solace, gunwale,• Islington and Isle of Wight,• Housewife, verdict and indict.• Finally, which rhymes with enough,• Though, through, plough, or dough, or cough?

Pronunciation-English Vowels

These letters are vowels in English– A, E, I, O, U, and sometimes Y

The letter Y can be a vowel or a consonant– Examples--cry, sky, yellow, yacht

Vowels can have different “lengths”– Example – bite vs bit

There are about 20 different ways to pronounce the 5 vowels in English!

Spanish Pronunciation

• Very easy compared to English

• 5 vowels are always the same

• Combinations of vowels are almost always pronounced separately

• Por ejemplo “Puede”– Poooh—aye—day

• Vowel “length” not very important

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Spanish Vowels

AAAAAAAAAAAH

Spanish Vowels

EAYE

Spanish Vowels

IEEEEEE

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Spanish Vowels

OOH

Spanish Vowels

UOOOOH

Spanish Pronunciation

• Consonants

• Most are pronounced like English

• Exceptions to follow next slide

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PronunciationLetter Pronunciation Example

c

Before an ‘e’ or ‘i’—”s” or “th”

CincoCerritoPaciente

All other times – hard “c” like cat

ComerComidaTaco

gBefore an ‘e’ or ‘i’ – “h”

as in hatInteligenteLos Gigantes

All other times as a “g” in game

GrandeGato

PronunciationLetter Pronunciation Example

h“SILENT” unless preceded by a

“c”

HolaHombreChicharrón

J Like the English“h”

La MujerLa Jolla Jalapeño

LL Like “y” in beyond

LlamarTortillaLlantas

Ñ Like “ny” in canyon

El NiñoEl Baño

Pronunciation Letter Pronunciation Example

q Like “K” in key QueQueso

rr Rolled “r”s– not in English

Burrito Cerrado

v Like English “b” VerVive

z Like “s” in English- usually

CervezaZapato

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Stress and Accents

When Stressed Syllable Example

Words ending in a consonant last

El hospitalPreguntarEl bistec

Words ending in a vowel, -s or -n

2nd to last syllable

El banco Los abrelatas

El examen

Any words that have an accent

(note - ñ is not a stress accent)

on the accent

GuantánamoComóÁndale

Pronunciation Active Exercises

• Preguntar

• Tomar

• La tableta

• La cuchara

• El recibo

• La tarjeta

• La jolla

• La emulción

• Tómelo

• El hígado

• Las pestañas

• La cabeza

• Explique

• Explíqueme

VOCABULARY

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Cognates

• A cognate is a word that looks similar and means the same thing as a word you already know

Medical Related CognatesEnglish Spanish

accept aceptarbaby bebébottle botellacalm calmacase casoclear clarocolor colorcombine combinarcomplete completarcondition condicióncontrol control

Medical Related CognatesEnglish Spanish

cost costoday díadecide decidirdepend dependerdifferent diferentedificult difícildoctor doctordollar dólarduring duranteeffect effectoexamine examinar

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Medical Related CognatesEnglish Spanish

family familiafirm firmagas gasgeneral generalgrain granohistory historiahospital hospitalhour horaimmediate inmediatoimportant importantelimit límite

Medical Related CognatesEnglish Spanish

line líneamedical médicomedicine medicinaminute minutomove movermuch muchonecessary necesariono nonumber númeroor opatient paciente

Medical Related CognatesEnglish Spanish

person personaprevent prevenirprice preciorare rarosalt salsecond segundoseparate separarsevere severosuffer sufrirsugar azúcartelephone teléfono

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Medical Related CognatesEnglish Spanish

temperature temperaturaterrible terribletreat tratarurgent urgenteuse usarvisit visitazero cero

You already knew 62 medically related spanish words!

False Cognates

• These are words that appear similar but do not actually mean the same thing

False Cognates ExamplesSpanish English Confused with English

Actualmente Currently Actually (En realidad)El campo The field The camp (el campamento)Embarazada Pregnant Embarrassed (avergonzado)Largo Long Large (grand)Sopa Soup Soap (Jabón)Molestar To annoy To molest (a propararse)El preservative The condom The preservative (el

conservante)La advertencia The warning The advertisement (el anuncio)La carta The letter The cart (el carro)Chocar To crash To choke (a ahogarse)

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Key VerbsEnglish Spanish

apply apliqueapply to aplique adissolve desuelvainhale inhaleinject inyecteinstill pongaput pongatake tomegargle with gargarize conwash laveopen abra

English Spanishapply sparingly aplique

levementechew mastiquegive deinhale contents of

inhale

swish in mouth enjuague en la boca

insert insiertashampoo champúuse usespray rocíe

Key NounsEnglish Spanish

expiration la caducidadcash register la caja (la

registradora)change el cambiomoney el dineroexpiration date la fecha de

caducidadline la líneaprice el precioinsurance card la tarjeta de

seguroanalgesic el analgésico

English Spanishpain el dolorredness el enrojecimientonausea la náuseadiscomfort la incomodidaddizziness, nausea el mareosymptom(s) el (los)

síntoma(s)tablet la tabletacapsule la cápsulacup la tazaquantity la cantidaddrop la gota

Key NounsEnglish Spanish

food la comidaconstipation el estreñimientoitchiness la comezónchest congestion

la congestióndel pecho

sneeze el estornudophlegm la flemairritation la irritaciónmucus la mucosadrowsiness la somnolenciasleepiness el sueño

English Spanishcough la toscomit el vómitorunny nose la rinorreacramp el calambreointment la pomadapharmacy la farmaciasore throat un dolor de

gargantamedication un

medicamentoprescription una recetaallergy alergia

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Key Parts of the BodyEnglish Spanish

body el cuerposkin la pielhead la cabezabrain el cerebrohair el pelo, el

cabellonose la narizface la caraeyes los ojosears las orejasmouth la boca

English Spanishlips los labiosteeth los dienteschin el mentón, la

barbillaneck el cuellochest el pechoshoulder el hombroback la espaldaarm el brazoelbow el codohand la mano

Key Parts of the BodyEnglish Spanish

finger el dedoleg la piernaknee la rodillafoot el pietongue la lenguanostril La ventana de la

narizcheek la mejillathroat la gargantatummy la panzastomach el estómago

Intake Form VocabularyEnglish Spanish English Spanish English Spanish

1 uno 11 once 30 treinta2 dos 12 doce 40 cuarenta3 tres 13 trece 50 cincuenta4 quatro 14 catorce 60 sesenta5 cinco 15 quince 70 setenta6 seis 16 dieciséis 80 ochenta7 siete 17 diecisiete 90 noventa8 ocho 18 dieciocho 100 cien9 nueve 19 diecinueve10 diez 20 veinte

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Practice

• How would one say 27?

• How would one say 638?

• How would one say 95728?

• How would one say 209-123-8327?

Intake Form VocabularyEnglish Spanish

What is today’s date? ¿Qué fecha es hoy?What is your name? ¿Cuál es su nombre? o ¿Cómo se llama?

What is your last name (paternal)? ¿Cuál es su apellido paterno?What is your date of birth? ¿Cuál es su fecha de nacimiento?What is your address? or Where do you live?

¿Cuál es su dirección? o ¿Dónde vive?

In (From) what city? In (From) what state? ¿En (De) qué ciudad? ¿En (De) qué estado?

What is your zip code? ¿Cuál es la zona postal de su domicilio?

What is your telephone number? Your cell? Your e-mail address?

¿Cuál es su número de teléfono? ¿de celular? ¿su correo electrónico?

Intake Form VocabularyEnglish Spanish

Do you have your health insurance card?

¿Tiene su tarjeta de aseguranza?

Do you have any medication allergies?

¿Tiene alergias a algún medicamento?

Sign at the bottom of the page (on the screen) please.

Firme por favor al pie de la página (en la pantalla).

Is this prescription for you? ¿Esta receta es para usted?

Do you have any other questions? ¿Tiene alguna otra pregunta?

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ACTIVE EXERCISE USING INTAKE FORM

GRAMMAR

Speaking to Patients

• Use polite tense– Tú (you- informal) vs. Usted (you- formal)

– ¿Cómo estas tú? vs. ¿Cómo esta usted?

• Commands (mandatos)– Use formal/polite form

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Speaking to PatientsTablet• English

– “Take 1 tablet every 8 hours”

• Spanish (formal)– “Tome 1 tableta cada 8

(ocho) horas”• Spanish (informal)

– “Toma 1 tableta cada 8 (ocho) horas”

Oral Inhaler• English

– “Shake the inhaler”• Spanish (formal)

– “Agite el inhalador”• Spanish (informal)

– “Agita el inhalador”

Insulin Injection

• English

– “Inject 10 units in the morning”

• Spanish (formal)

– “Inyecte 10 unidades en la mañana”

• Spanish (informal)

– “Inyecta 10 unidades en la mañana”

Eye Drops

• English

– “Instill the drops”

• Spanish (formal)

– “Aplique las gotas”

• Spanish (informal)

– “Aplica las gotas”

Great Resources for Reference and Learning

• ¡SpanishDict¡– Phone App and Website

• DuoLingo– Phone App and Website

• Rosetta Stone

• Babbel

ACTIVE LEARNING EXERCISES

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SPANISH TO ENGLISH TRANSLATION

¿Para qué es esta medicina?

A. Where is your medication?

B. What is this medication for?

C. Do you need your medication refilled?

D. When do you need your medication?

¿Cómo va a tomar estamedicina?A. Where did you put your medication?

B. Do you take your medication daily?

C. Do you want your medication delivered?

D. How are you going to take this medicine?

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¿Cuáles son los efectossecundarios?A. Can you please wait a second?

B. Which one do I take second?

C. What are the side effects?

D. How does this medication affect you?

Hábleme más despacio, porfavor.A. Please speak more slowly

B. Please sing despacito to me

C. Please tell me more

D. Please refill this right away

¿Cuál es su fecha de nacimiento?A. Do you have free calendars?

B. Can you get a prior authorization?

C. How much is the co-pay?

D. What is your birthday?

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ENGLISH TO SPANISH TRANSLATION 5 QUESTIONS

Take 1 capsule three times a day with foodA. Tome una capsula dos veces al dia

B. Tome una capsula tres veces al dia

C. Tome un tableta diariamente

D. Tome dos tabletas tres veces al dia

Put 2 drops in both eyes daily

A. Tome dos pastillas en los dos ojos

B. Inyecte dos unitades en los dos oidos.

C. Ponga dos gotas en cada ojo diariamente

D. Applique una gota en cada poro de nariz

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Take 1 tablet every 6 hours for 10 daysA. Tome una capsula cada seis horas por

diez dias

B. Ponga una tableta cuatro veces al dia

C. Dele una cuchara cada seis horas porveinte dias

D. Tome una tableta cada seis horas pordiez dias

Apply sparingly to affected areas twice daily for 7 daysA. Mastique un poco dos veces al dia por un

semana

B. Use la crema tres veces al dia

C. Applique levemente a areas afectadasdos veces al dia por siete dias

D. Enjuague en boca dos veces al dia

Inhale 2 puffs every 4-6 hours as needed for shortness of breathA. Tome dos puffs cuatro a seis veces al dia

por la boca

B. Inhale dos soplidos cada cuatro a seis horascomo necesite para falta de respiración

C. Applique dose soplidos en la bocadiariamente

D. Ponga dos puffs en los pulmones sieteveces al dia por la asthma

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MEDICATION CONSULT EXAMPLE

Lets Practice!!!!

• Consult on following prescription:

• Keflex 500 mg 1 PO QID x 7 days

Lets Practice!!!!

• Consult on following prescription:

• Lisinopril 10 mg 2 tablets PO QD for blood pressure

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Lets Practice!!!!

• Consult on following prescription:

• Ortho-Novum 1/35 1 PO QD

Lets Practice!!!!

• Consult on following prescription:

• Amoxicillin 250/5ml 1 teaspoon (5ml) PO QID x7 days.

Lets Practice!!!!

• Consult on following prescription:

• Albuterol MDI #1 Inhale 2 puffs every 6 hours as needed for wheezing.

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Lets Practice!!!!

• Consult on following prescription:

• Humalog U100 #1 vial

• Inject 10 units SQ TID before each meal

Quiz time!!!

• Each person in the room will get a prescription

• You will have 5 minutes to translate using the provided guide

• Each person will then translate their prescription out loud

¡Gracias!

Speaker Contact Information:

Edward L. Rogan

University of the Pacific Phone: (209)946-2435Email: erogan@pacific.edu