Solid & hazardous materials

Environmental Science, Donald Winslow4 December 2009

Mining Minerals & rock Economic geology

1872 Mining law Metals Non-metal mineral resources Fuel Environmental effects of mining

Reducing consumption

Metals refined from mined ore

Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Hg, Sn, Cr, Mn, Pt, Au, Ag

Non-metal mineral resources

Gravel Clay Glass Salts

Fuel

Uranium Petroleum Coal

Mountaintop Removal www.ilovemountains.org

Natural gas Coal-bed methane

Powder River, Wyoming Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma

Environmental effects of mining

Acid drainage Processing

Smelting Heap-leach extraction

Reducing consumption Metals Plastics Fuels Electricity etc

Eliminating unnecessary consumption reduces waste.

Solid and hazardous waste

What is waste?

Solid “waste”

“Waste” production American waste stream Fate of American solid materials

Landfills closing Reduce, reuse, recycle Hazardous waste

American waste stream

Paper & paperboard Yard trimmings Plastic Food Metals

Fate of American solid materials

Landfills Open dumps Sanitary landfills Ocean dumping Exporting waste & environmental justice

Recycling Incineration Composting

Recycling

Sorting, cleaning, reformulating Demanufacturing Biodegradable plastics

Incineration

Pollution Cogeneration

Hazardous waste

Chemical & petroleum pollution Federal legislation & regulation

Cradle-to-grave Superfund

Electrical transformers & PCBs

Brownfields Bioremediation Retrievable storage & secure landfills