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Welcome!!
Snow and Ice
ENSC 454/654
Contact Info
• Instructor: Stephen Déry
• Office: 8-414
• Office hours: MW 1-2 p.m.
• Phone: 960-5193
• Email: [email protected]
• Course website:
http://cirrus.unbc.ca/454/
Definition
• The cryosphere is the portion of the
earth where natural materials (water,
soil, etc.) occur in frozen form.
• The cryosphere is one of the 5 major
components of the climate system
(along with the atmosphere,
lithosphere, hydrosphere, and
biosphere).
The Climate System
The hydrological cycle
Location Area
(×106 km2)
Volume
(×106 km3)
Sea Level
Equivalent
(m)
Greenland Ice
Sheet
1.7 2.9 7.1
Antarctic Ice
Sheet
13.3 25.4 56.2
Mountain
Glaciers
1.1 0.22-0.38 0.56-0.97
Permafrost/
Frozen Ground
22.8 0.01-0.04 0.03-0.10
Area and Volume of the Cryosphere
Perennial Ice
Source: Marshall (2012)
Location Min. Extent
(×106 km2)
Max. Extent
(×106 km2)
Mean Extent
(×106 km2)
Arctic Sea Ice 6.6 15.5 11.8
Antarctic Sea Ice 3.0 18.8 12.0
Northern Hemi-
sphere Snow
3.1 46.7 24.9
Southern Hemi-
sphere Snow
13.9 15.1 14.3
Area and Volume of the Cryosphere
Snow and Sea Ice
Source: Marshall (2012)
Global Distribution of the Cryosphere
Source: Marshall (2012) and Wikipedia
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
1 Holiday 2 All –
UNBC
closed
3 4 Introduction
5
6 7
8 9 Snowfall
formation
10 11 Snowfall
formation
12 13 14
15 16 Snowcover
distribution
17 18 Snowcover
distribution
19 20 21
22 23 Snowpack
ablation
24 25
Snowpack
ablation
26 27 28
29 30 Remote
sensing of
snow (guest)
31
January 2017
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
1 Snow
survey
description
2 3 4
5 6 Mid-
term exam
7 8 9 10 11
12 13 Break/no
classes
14 15 Break/no
classes
16 17 18
19 20 Glaciers
(guest)
21 22 Glaciers
(guest)
23 24 25
26 27 Ice
sheets
28
February 2017
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
1 Ice
sheets
2 3 4
5 6 Sea ice 7 8 Sea ice 9 10 11
12 13 Lake/river
ice
14 15 Lake/river
ice
16 17 18
19 20 Permafrost
21 22 Permafrost
23 24 25
26 27 Snow
survey talks
28 29 Climate
change
30 31
March 2017
Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat.
1
2 3 Climate
change
4
5 Review
6 7 8
9 10 11
12
13 14 Good
Friday
15
16 17 Easter
Monday
18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
April 2017