session 1- power point.ppt

8/20/2019 session 1- power point.ppt

1/31

Hazard Mapping and Modeling

INTRODUCTION

Ute J. Dymon, Professor of eograp!y,

Nan"y #. $inter, P!D,

%ent &tate Uni'ersity


2/31

Session 01 2

$!at (re Hazards)

• The most concise definition of theterm “hazard”:

• Hazards are “threats to humansand what they value”.• !ates" et al" 1#$% in Perilous Progress&


3/31

Session 01 '

$!at (re Hazards)

“(hat they value” was defined )y !ates

in 1#$% in Perilous Progress.

*t includes: life" well )ein+" material

+oods and environment.


4/31

Session 01 ,

In Multihazard Identification and

Assessment *+M( defines !azards as

“-vents or hysical conditions that have the

otential to cause fatalities" in/uries" roertydama+e" infrastructure dama+e" a+riculturalloss" dama+e to the environment" interrutionof )usiness" or other tyes of harm or loss.”


5/31

Session 01 %

Webster’s Dictionary defines a

!azard as

“a source of dan+er a chance event

an accident" etc.”


6/31

Session 01

T!e Role of t!e Term -Hazard

The term “hazard” is descritive.

*t descri)es with words.


7/31

Session 01

T!e Role of t!e Term -Ris/

The term “ris3” calculates or measures with amathematical formula the li3elihood that adverseconse4uences will result from a hazardous

event.

RI&% 0 #I%+#IHOOD 1 CON&+2U+NC+&


8/31

Session 01 $

$!at is a -Disaster)

5ore than 100 eole dead or in/ured andmore than 1 million 6S 7 in dama+es

8urton et al " 1#$&.

“Hazard” reresents potential events while

“disasters” result from actual eventsinvolvin+ humans.


9/31

Session 01 #

TH+ UNI3+R&+ O* H(4(RD&


10/31

Session 01 10

Te"!nologi"al Hazard Definitions

5io"ide

a su)stance such as 99T& that is toic to manydifferent or+anisms

teratogen

an a+ent that tends to cause develomental

malformations or monstrosities in the net+eneration


11/31

Session 01 11

Resear"! Classifi"ations for Te"!nologi"al Hazards


12/31

Session 01 12

*+M(6& C#(&&+& *OR

T+CHNO#OIC(# H(4(RD&

9am ;ailures

;ires

Hazardous 5aterials -vents


13/31

Session 01 1'

Ca7sal Model of Te"!nologi"al Hazards

?eleaseof5aterialsor -ner+y

*nitiatin+-vents

@hoice ofTechnolo+y

@=6S=A S-B6-


14/31

Session 01 1,

C(U&(# &+2U+NC+ *OR 9ODI#: H(RM

*ROM ( *IR+P#(C+ H(4(RD

@=6S=A S-B6-


15/31

CONTRO# INT+R3+NTION& *OR (

*IR+P#(C+ H(4(RD

@=6S=A S-B6-


16/31

Session 01 1

INT+R3+NTION 0 MITI(TION

*ntervention at this individual level is a3in to miti+ationefforts )y society.

5iti+ation is the effort to reduce the imact of an actualor otential disaster.

5iti+ation can )roadly )e divided into structural and

nonstructural forms.


17/31

1

INT+R3+NTION& TO CONTRO# (UTOMO9I#+ H(4(RD& 1#20 J1#$0

1#20

1#'0

1#,0

1#%0

1#0 1#0

1#$0

5C9*;GT-@H?--


18/31

1$

CHRONO#O: O* H(4(RD CONTRO# *ORMINIM(T( DI&+(&+ ;?;


19/31

Session 01 1#


20/31

Session 01 20

H(4(RD (&&+&&M+NT PORTION O* TH+ H(4(RD M(N(+M+NT M(PPIN MOD+#

HAZARD

INDENTIFICATION

RISK

ESTIMATION

•revelation•intuition•extrapolation

•research•screening•monitoring•diagnosis

EVALUATION AND

RESOURCE ALLOCATION•choose control energy•implement strategy

•allocate resources•monitor & mitigate

HAZARD MAPSlocation of threat

RISK MAPS

ro!a!ilit" an# #e$reeof con%e&'ence


21/31

21

+M+R+NC: M(N(+M+NT PORTION O* TH+

H(4(RD M(N(+M+NT M(PPIN MOD+#

DISASTER MANAEMENT MA!!IN

EMER(ENC) MAPPIN(

"or !reparedness During #risis Emergency Response Recovery

!$ANNIN MA!S #RISIS MA!S RES!%NSE MA!S TIME SERIES MA!S

•a'ard

•Ris( •)ulnera*ility•"ire• police

•Evacuation Routes•Sensitive !opulations

•Shelters•Medical "acilities•#old Storage "acilities•+tilities•IS ,ase maps•$and !arcels

•Topography•Trailer !ar(s

•#ontrol o-

physical agent

•Search & rescue•Damage

assessment•Inundation

RIS. #%MM+NI#ATI%N /Through Media to !u*lic0

•Trash sites•,urn sites

•De*ris removal

planning•Red #ross stations•"ood (itchens•1ater2porta*le toilets

•Tent cities•Shelters•"EMA Disaster

Application #enters

•S Services•+nemployment services•IS ,ase maps

•"lood insurance rate

maps

•#hanges -rom physical

agent

•Damages•Rate o- repairs•Rate o- de*ris removal•In-rastructure

reconstruction

•Mitigation planning•!roperty records•Tax assessments

•Address -iles•$and parcels•,uilding

-ootprints•Road net3or( •ousing types•Street signs

eore-erenced

DATA "I$ES


22/31

Session 01 22

9(&IC RO#+& M(P& P#(: IN

+M+R+NC: M(N(+M+NT

;. *a"ilitate reso7r"eBser'i"e flo 5eforeBd7ring Bafter

emergen"y.

. Coordinate efforts of emergen"y gro7ps and ser'i"es 5y 7seof a "on"reted model.

E. Con"rete modelBg7ide for p75li" a"tion.

F. 27i"/ tra"/ing of /ey information ???at a glan"e.


23/31

2'

PIT*(##& IN PRO3IDIN +M+R+NC: M(P&

TO TH+ PU9#IC

1. how to distri)ute so thereKs availa)ility

2. how to 3ee mas uJtoJdate and availa)le after udatin+

'. what information to include

J This re4uires assumtions to )e made a)out a.& what level ofeducation the user the u)lic& will have" esecially a)out technical

issues" ).& readin+ a)ility levels and ma readin+ s3ills

,. how technically trained is the u)lic in ma readin+ and use

%. how to incororate local 3nowled+e L often this canKt )e ut on the

ma )ut needs to )e considered when doin+ the lannin+ for

emer+ency this is one of the most ro)lematic areas of emer+ency

ma desi+n&


24/31

Session 01 2,

D+*INITION *OR FREQUEN!

;re4uency is the temoral distri)ution of etreme+eohysical events natural hazards& and theirrecurrence intervals or return eriods.

Some hysical rocesses can )e delineated withinseasonal or diurnal time eriods.

Duration means a temoral eriod ran+in+ fromseconds to years.


25/31

Session 01 2%

D+*INITION *OR MA"NI#UDE

The ma+nitude of a +eohysical event is determined )y scientificmeasures of the stren+th of the hysical event.

“5easures of ma+nitude do not concern imacts of an event on thehumanJuse system" that is intensity" )ut rather the hysical

rocesses involved.” To)in" Fraham =. and 8urrell -. 5ontz.1##.Natural Hazards. ress. %'.&

9irect measurements of some hazards are difficult to ma3e in these

cases intensity ratin+s that indicate de+rees of destruction of the )uilt

environment are alied.

The Modified Mer"alli s"ale for earth4ua3es and the *7Gita s"ale for tornadoes include )uildin+ dama+e to show ma+nitude.


26/31

Session 01 2

D+*INITION *OR $U%NERA&I%I#!

ulnera)ility means how susceti)le or howresilient a society is to ne+ative conse4uencesfrom hazards" or how much ris3 eists in thatsociety.

*dentifyin+ what characteristics of the society Jhysical" social" economic Jma3e it more" or

less" resilient to hazardous events hels clarifythe societyKs vulnera)ility. @utter" Susan A. 1##,. Environmental Risks and Hazards. -n+lewood

@liffs rentice Hall&


27/31

Session 01 2

$!at is (DJU&TM+NTN

Human actions to minimize the threat of a natural hazard and tomiti+ate its effects.

These actions +ive the society the caacity to a)sor) theetreme natural event.

Three ma/or tyes of ad/ustment can ta3e lace in a community: L MODI*: TH+ +3+NT )y structural resonses that control the event or the

dama+e it causes.

L &H(R+ TH+ #O&& 9URD+N )y sreadin+ the financial )urden )y hazardinsurance or relief.

L MODI*: TH+ HUM(N?U&+ &:&T+M to reduce losses )y forecastin+"warnin+ systems" rearedness lans" evacuation lans" )etter )uildin+desi+n" etc.

@utter" Susan A. 1##,. Environmental Risks and Hazards. -n+lewood@liffs rentice Hall&


28/31

Session 01 2$

D+*INITION O* RI'I' MA((IN"

@risis mas are made onJtheJsot" often withcrude materials" durin+ the ea3 dan+er time ofan emer+ency to control the hysical a+entcausin+ the destruction or to control itsconse4uences.

9ymon" 6te M. and


29/31

Session 01 2#

DR. JOHN &NO$6& M(P

O* ( $(T+R?9ORN+ CHO#+R( &OURC+


30/31

Session 01 '0

D+*INITION O* +PID+MIO#O:

The study of eidemics" their ori+ins"causes and vectors methods or aths oftransmission of a disease.&

TIM+#IN+ O* #+I(TION TH(T &PURR+D


31/31

Session 01 '1

TIM+#IN+ O* #+I(TION TH(T &PURR+D

H(4(RD M(PPIN

1# 9isaster ?elief =ct enacted1## ro+ram & esta)lished

1#0 rotection =ct =& enacted

1#0 -nvironmental >rotection =+ency ->=& created

1#2 @lean (ater =ct amended

1# ro+ram & enacted

1# -ecutive Crder O11#$$ ;loodlain 5ana+ement

1# -ecutive Crder O11##0 >rotection of (etlands

1## -ecutive Crder O121,$ ;ederal -mer+ency 5ana+ement: ;-5= created

1#$1 @omrehensive -nvironmental ?esonse" @omensation and Aia)ility =ct

@-?@A=J Suerfund& enacted

1#$ -mer+ency >lannin+ and @ommunity ?i+ht to !now =ct of 1#$" also 3nown asS=?= Title ***

1##1 =mendments to the 1#%% =ir >ollution @ontrol =ct"

1## (eaons of 5ass 9estruction

Documents

session 1- power point.ppt