Section 3

• 2300 B.C. Pharaohs lost control• 200 years of confusion

• New dynasty in Thebes• Restored order and stability

• 2050 B.C. to 1670 B.C.- Golden age of stability, prosperity, and

achievement

Tribute

Tribute

Tribute- forced

payments

Canal

SYRIA

ART –Middle Kingdom

literaturearchitecture

Tombs and temples- scenes of deities and daily life.

Large wall carvings and statues of pharaohs as men, not gods

Poets wrote love songs and poems to the pharaohs

Pharaohs had tombs cut into

cliffs

Valley of the Kings

Hyksos• Nobles trying to get control of Egypt (1670 B.C.)• Outside force from western Asia• Mighty warriors• Horse-drawn chariots and bronze/ iron weapons• Egyptians fought on foot with copper and stone

ReviewWhere did Pharoahs prefer to be buried during the

Middle Kingdom of Egypt?

Tombs cut into cliffs…Valley of the Kings.Why was it important for the Egyptians to build a

canal from the Nile to the Red Sea?

Transportation…Trade!What two areas did Egypt take over during the Middle

Kingdom? (map)

Syria and Nubia

MORE SECTION 3…

13

Hyksos Rule• 150 years• 1550 B.C.• Egyptian prince

Ahmose• Drove the Hyksos

out of Egypt

• End of Hyksos Rule

The New Kingdom

Ahmose – 1st Pharaoh

1550 B.C. to 1080 B.C.

“The New Kingdom”

Richer More powerful

Woman RulerHatshepsut 1473

Queen For her nephewMade herself Pharaoh

Trade

WoodMediterranean

Sea

Wood Crafts

Paper

Gold

Copper

Tools

Thutmose III• Hatshepsut’s nephew

• Expanded Egypt

• Euphrates River in Mesopotamia

• Took back Nubia

• RICH from Trade and Tribute• Enslaved prisoners of war and took

their goods.

• Who does this remind you of?

Assyrians

Amenhotep and Nefertiti

Religious Reforms

• Priests were gaining power

• Amenhotep introduced a new religion

• One god named Aton

• Many priests were removed when they resisted the change.

• Akhenaton- “Spirit of Aton”

Resistance by Egyptians to believe in one god

Akhenaton neglected his Pharaoh duties

Inexperienced officials took over for priests

Hittites attack and Akhenaton does

nothing…

Egypt loses land in

Asia

Tutankhamen

• Son-in-law of Akhenaton• 10 years old• Restored old religion• Ruled for 9 years

Murdered? Fell?

He only ruled for 9 years!Why is he so famous?

• 1922- archaeologist Howard Carter found his tomb

• Many great treasures– Brilliant gold mask

• Most other tombs - robbers

King “Tut”

The Last Great Pharaoh

• 1200s- working to make Egypt great again

• Ramses II – ruled 66 years• Expanded to Western Asia

• Constructing major temples

Page 185

Temples• Great temples built

during the New Kingdom

• Karnak at Thebes

• Largest, Most Famous

Temples… • Regular services were not held at

these great Temples• house of gods and goddesses• daily rituals by priests

                                                                                              

Egypt’s Decline

• After Ramses II

• Loosing control of surrounding countries

• Outsiders attacked through the Mediterranean Sea- using iron weapons

• By 1150 B.C. Egypt only had control of the Delta

• 900 B.C. Libyans- west

• 750 B.C. Kush

• 670 B.C. Assyrians

Outsiders taking over…

REVIEWWho was the “Last Great Pharaoh”?

Why did Egyptians not hold daily services in their “grand” temples?

Name one group that ruled over the area of Egypt after Egypt’s decline.

Rames II

They believed them to be the houses of the gods.

Libyans, Assyrians, Kush

Section 4

The Civilization of

Kush

Nubia

To the south of Egypt-

The Nubians settled in farming villages.

Nubia would later be known

as Kush

Herders brought their herds in to graze on the savannas-

2000 B.C.

Nubian Villages

Grew some crops but they were great

hunters.-very good with bows and arrows

Nubians began forming armies

Growing Villages…• More powerful villages took over weaker

ones

• Formed the kingdom of Kerma

Is this similar to what was going on in Egypt?

YES

Neighbors

• Egyptians traded for Kerma’s…• cattle, gold, ivory, and enslaved people• Egypt hired Nubian warriors to fight in

armies

Hello Learners!

Kerma became rich…

Artisans – pottery, jewelry,

metal goods Kings of Kerma were buried in

tombs with great treasures.

Why did Egypt Invade Nubia?

• Under Thutmose III

• Egyptian armies went into Nubia-1400 B.C.

• 50 years of war

• Egypt in Nubia for 700 years

• 1

• 2

• 3

Page 189

Section 4 - Rise of Kush

1. Egypt is declining

2. Nubian – break away 850 B.C.

3. Formed the kingdom – Kush

4. Capital- Napata–Good location–Trade caravans–Gold, ivory, and valuable woods

5. Rich and Strong

6. Kashta- 750 B.C.

7. Moved north with a powerful army–Wanted Egypt

8. Piye- Kashta’s son

9. Took over Egypt in 728 B.C.

10. 25th Dynasty that ruled Egypt and Kush from Napata

Kush liked Egyptian culture…

• Sandstone temples

• Monuments

• Small pyramids

Importance of Iron

Pg. 190

A New Capital:Questions

• Why?

• To be further away from the Assyrians

• Where?

• Meroe

• Was it a good move?

• Yes, because of its good trade and iron ore.

• Kush’s kings rebuilt Meroe to look like an Egyptian city.

Building a Profitable Trade

• Received leopard skins and woods from the interior of Africa

• Traded these, iron products, and enslaved workers -Mediterranean and Indian Oceans

• 600 years- STRONG

• 200s A.D.- Kush is weakening

• Axum – 350 A.D.

Pg. 191