Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:Global Developments Section 2:Section 2:The United Nations Section 3:Section 3:Human

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Chapter Menu

Chapter Introduction

Section 1: Global Developments

Section 2: The United Nations

Section 3: Human Rights

Visual Summary

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Chapter Intro 1

As global economic interdependence grows, the different parts of the world are growing closer together. What happens in other countries affects the United States in many ways, while what Americans believe and do has a greater impact around the world than ever before.


Chapter Intro 2

Section 1: Global Developments

The exchange of goods and services helps create economic interdependence among people in different places and different countries. We live today in an era of global economic interdependence, in which countries depend on one another for goods, services, and natural resources.


Chapter Intro 2

Section 2: The United Nations

Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals. The United Nations was formed to promote common aims of the world’s countries and has won some successes, but has suffered some failures as well.


Chapter Intro 2

Section 3: Human Rights

Economic, social, and political changes create new traditions, values, and beliefs. In spite of important advances around the world for human rights and democracy, many people still do not live in freedom.


Chapter Preview-End


Section 1-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

The exchange of goods and services helps create economic interdependence among people in different places and different countries.


Section 1-Key Terms

Guide to Reading

Content Vocabulary

• protectionism

• acid rain

• conservation

• refugee

Academic Vocabulary

• cooperate

• access


A. A

B. B

Section 1-Polling Question

Do you think it is important for the United States to rely on other countries for goods and services?

A. Yes

B. No

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Section 1

Global Interdependence

We live today in an era of global economic interdependence, in which countries depend on one another for goods, services, and natural resources.


Section 1

Global Interdependence (cont.)

• Global economic interdependence means that all countries depend on other countries for some products, services, or raw materials.


Section 1


• Global trade can be both good and bad.

– Businesses can make more money

– Competition may create a better selection of lower-priced products

– Competition may also force some businesses to close


Section 1


• Protectionism harms global economy


Section 1


• U.S. imports:

– Over two-thirds of oil used comes from other countries

– Must maintain good relations with oil-producing nations

– Also imports raw materials used in manufacturing


Section 1


• U.S. exports include:

– Computers

– Telecommunications equipment

– Farm machinery


Section 1


• Small, poor countries look to U.S. for food, medicine, and weaponry


Section 1


• Free trade policies

– Eliminate tariffs and economic barriers

– The European Union (EU)

– The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)


A. A

B. B

Section 1

Do you agree that free trade agreements are important for the success of global trade?

A. Agree

B. Disagree

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Section 1

Global Issues

The world community faces many serious global problems.


Section 1

Global Issues (cont.)

• One of the most serious global issues is inequality among nations.

Hourly Compensation Costs, Selected Nations


Section 1


• Developed countries are rich and industrialized

– Abundant natural resources

– Large industries

– Educated, healthy citizens

– Produce many manufactured goods

– Most in Northern Hemisphere


Section 1


• Developing countries are poor countries trying to develop

– Some have few natural resources

– Cannot produce enough food

– Most have few exports

Projected Water Use, 2025


Section 1


– High unemployment, disease, poverty

– Average life expectancy under 40 years

– Most in Southern Hemisphere

• Developed and developing countries are interdependent


Section 1


• Environmental destruction

– Poisonous metals pumped into air and water

– Acid rain from sulfur dioxide

– Oil spills


Section 1


• Conservation limits pollution

• Debate over conservation

– Slows economic growth versus long-term benefits

– Poor countries think conservation rules favor developed nations


Section 1


• Other global issues

– International drug trafficking

– Natural catastrophes

– Immigration

– Refugees


A. A

B. B

Section 1

Do you agree that poor nations should not be required to follow antipollution regulations so that they may develop their own industries?

A. Agree

B. Disagree

0%0%


Section 1-End


Section 2-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

Political and economic institutions evolve to help individuals and groups accomplish their goals.


Section 2-Key Terms

Guide to Reading

Content Vocabulary

• internationalism

• charter

• globalization

• multinational

Academic Vocabulary

• maintain

• promote

• mutual


A. A

B. B


Do you agree that the goals of the United Nations are important to the entire world?

A. Agree

B. Disagree

0%0%


Section 2

Purpose of the UN

The United Nations was formed to promote the common aims of the world’s countries.


Section 2

Purpose of the UN (cont.)

• The United Nations promotes internationalism.


Section 2


• United Nations

– Charter drafted in 1944 by United States, Great Britain, and Soviet Union

– 50 countries signed in 1945

– Mission to maintain peace, develop friendly relations, promote justice, find solutions to global problems


Section 2


• United Nations Today

– 191 members

– Main headquarters in New York City


A. A

B. B

Section 2

Do you think the UN would be a weaker organization if the United States was not an active participant?

A. Yes

B. No

0%0%


Section 2

UN Activities

The United Nations had some success in solving world problems, but lack of cooperation has hampered its efforts.


Section 2

UN Activities (cont.)

• The UN has been successful in solving some world problems, but lack of cooperation of some members has hurt the organization’s efforts.

Organization of the United Nations


Section 2


• Successes of UN

– Meeting place for discussion

– Settled wars between nations

– Special agencies fight sickness, poverty, ignorance


Section 2


• Lack of cooperation has made the UN less effective in preventing wars.


Section 2


• New, larger role in peacekeeping

– Sustain cease fires

– Oversee elections

– Humanitarian aid


Section 2


• UN works to keep globalization a positive force


Section 2


• 1992 Earth Summit

– Major conference on environment

– 178 nations pledged to protect environment


Section 2


• 1997 Earth Summit II

– Some progress made

– Much still needs to be done


Section 2


• 2006 UN response to economic inequality

– World divided into rich and poor nations

– Multinationals asked to help economic, social, and environmental development


A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Section 2

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

What may be considered the biggest success of the United Nations?

A. Serving as a meeting place where nations can discuss problems

B. Settling wars between nations

C. Forming special agencies to fight sickness, poverty, and ignorance

D. Placing trade sanctions on countries not keeping peace


Section 2-End


Section 3-Main Idea

Guide to Reading

Big Idea

Economic, social, and political changes create new traditions, values, and beliefs.


Section 3-Key Terms

Guide to Reading

Content Vocabulary

• human rights

• tribunal

• genocide

• apartheid

• sanction

• satellite

• Cold War

Academic Vocabulary

• commission

• adequate

• policy


A. A

B. B


Do all citizens of the United States enjoy the same basic human rights?

A. Yes

B. No

0%0%


Section 3

Standards for Human Rights

Although basic human rights have spread to more countries, they are still not respected in many parts of the world.


Section 3

Standards for Human Rights (cont.)

• Not all countries offer their citizens basic human rights.

• Human rights include rights to food, shelter, safety, and so on


Section 3


• In democracies, people have additional rights

– Freedom of worship

– Freedom of speech

– Freedom to read and write


Section 3


• Several countries accused of human rights violations

– China

– Indonesia

– Myanmar (Burma)

– Iran

– Cuba

– Sudan


Section 3


• Commissions have investigated abuses of past governments in South Africa, Haiti, and El Salvador


Section 3


• 1948 United Nations adopted Universal Declaration of Human Rights

– Statement demonstrating not the way things are but how they should be

• Humans born equal in dignity and rights

• Humans deserve civil and political rights

• Humans should have economic, social, and cultural rights


Section 3


• UN High Commissioner for Human Rights oversees human rights programs

• Security Council establishes international tribunals

– Tries cases for acts such as genocide


A. A

B. B

Section 3

Should the UN establish more national commissions to investigate countries that may be guilty of abusing human rights?

A. Yes

B. No

0%0%


Section 3

Spread of Democracy and Liberty

Democracy has spread to more countries over the last 50 years, aided by support from democratic nations and the collapse of the Soviet Union.


Section 3

Spread of Democracy and Liberty (cont.)

• The past century has seen a steady increase in democracy throughout the world.


Section 3


• Growth of Democracy

– Beginning of twentieth century: about 12% of world’s population lived in democracy

– 1950: some 31% of world’s population lived in democracy

– 2001: almost 60% of world’s population lived in democracy


Section 3


• Freedom in the World—annual evaluation of rights of over 190 countries

– 2005—89 countries with free, democratic governments

• 54 partly free countries

• 49 countries not free – often terrible human rights violations


Section 3


• South Africa ended apartheid in 1990s

– Protests and economic sanctions helped

– Nelson Mandela first black president in 1994

Population Living Under Various Types of Government


Section 3


• Fundamentalist Taliban controlled 80% of Afghanistan by 1996

– U.S. helped topple Taliban

– UN working to protect human rights there


Section 3


• Global advancement of democracy a main objective of U.S.


Section 3


• The Cold War

– Soviet Union dominated Eastern Europe

– Forced countries to become satellites

– Two camps: democratic nations and Communist nations

– Cold War involved clash of ideas and arms

– Soviet domination ends in 1991


Section 3


• War against terror a reaction to September 11, 2001 attacks


A. A

B. B

Section 3

Do you agree that the United States should continue to promote the global advancement of democracy?

A. Agree

B. Disagree

0%0%


Section 3-End


VS 1


VS 2


VS 3


VS-End


Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

TIME Trans

DFS Trans 1

DFS Trans 2

DFS Trans 3

Vocab1

protectionism

policy of trade restrictions to protect domestic industries

Vocab2

acid rain

rain containing high amounts of chemical pollutants

Vocab3

conservation

the careful preservation and protection of natural resources

Vocab4

refugee

person who has willingly left his or her home to escape war, famine, or other disaster

Vocab5

cooperate

to help

Vocab6

access

as way or means of approach

Vocab7

internationalism

involvement in world affairs

Vocab8

charter

a written document granting land and the authority to set up colonial governments; or a government document granting permission to organize a corporation

Vocab9

globalization

individuals and nations working across barriers of distance, culture, and technology

Vocab10

multinational

firm that does business or has offices in many countries

Vocab11

maintain

to keep up

Vocab12

promote

to encourage the acceptance or recognition of

Vocab13

mutual

shared feelings

Vocab14

human rights

fundamental freedoms of individuals

Vocab15

tribunal

courts established by the UN to hear cases of violations of international human rights laws

Vocab16

genocide

mass murder of a people because of their race, religion, ethnicity, politics, or culture

Vocab17

apartheid

system of laws that separated racial and ethnic groups and limited the rights of blacks in South Africa

Vocab18

sanction

measure such as withholding economic aid used to influence a foreign government’s actions

Vocab19

satellite

nation politically and economically dominated or controlled by another, more powerful country

Vocab20

Cold War

conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union dating from the later 1940s to the late 1980s, when the two countries competed for world influence without declared military action

Vocab21

commission

a special committee

Vocab22

adequate

acceptable

Vocab23

policy

a guiding course of action

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Splash Screen. Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:Global Developments Section 2:Section 2:The United Nations Section 3:Section 3:Human