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7/29/2019 SDP Inception.pdf
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LocalPolicy
Sefort
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Contents1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Backgroundofthestudy........................................................................................................... 6
1.2 Objectivesofthestudy............................................................................................................. 7
1.3 Scopeofthestudy.................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Deliverables.............................................................................................................................. 8
1.5 Understandingonthescopeofflexibilityofthestudy............................................................ 9
2. Mobilization,StaffingandInteractionwithPSU............................................................................ 10
2.1 Commencement..................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Staffing.................................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 ManagementandAdministration.......................................................................................... 10
2.4 OrganizationalArrangements................................................................................................. 11
2.5 InteractionwithPSUandotheragencies............................................................................... 11
3. ApproachandMethodology............................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Approaches............................................................................................................................. 12
3.2 Methodology.......................................................................................................................... 13
StakeholderMapping.................................................................................................... 13
Convergingtheviewsofsectorstakeholders................................................................ 14
ParticipationandConsultationProcess......................................................................... 15
ConsultationMethodsandTools................................................................................... 17
3.3 Phase1Activities.................................................................................................................... 18
SubjectsofSDPRevision................................................................................................ 18
PreparingshorttermSIP............................................................................................... 19
AddendumonCHT......................................................................................................... 20
ReviewandupdateexistingSDP................................................................................... 20
SWApdevelopment....................................................................................................... 20
3.4 Phase2Activities.................................................................................................................... 24
IncorporationofSpecialElements................................................................................. 24
StrategicDevelopmentApproaches.............................................................................. 24
ThirdNationalWorkshop.............................................................................................. 25
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FinalizingtheSecondSDP.............................................................................................. 25
4 InitialWorks.................................................................................................................................. 26
4.1 PresentSituationandChallengesintheSector...................................................................... 26
RuralWaterSupply........................................................................................................ 26
Pourashavas................................................................................................................... 26
Cities.............................................................................................................................. 27
Sanitation....................................................................................................................... 27
RecentDevelopments................................................................................................... 28
4.2 PreparationfortheInceptionWorkshop............................................................................... 29
4.3 Stakeholderssurveytools....................................................................................................... 29
4.3 Subjectsofrevision................................................................................................................. 30
5. OutstandingIssues......................................................................................................................... 33
5.1 Agreementonthesubjectsofrevision................................................................................... 33
5.2 AdditionalStaffrequirement.................................................................................................. 33
5.3 Agreementontheconsultationprocess................................................................................ 33
5.4. WorkPlanandManningSchedule.......................................................................................... 34
6. AdditionalBudget.......................................................................................................................... 35
Annexes
AnnexA: TORofthestudy A2A12
AnnexB: Consultantstaffmembers A13A15
AnnexC: BackgroundnoteandscheduleoftheInceptionWorkshop A16A18
AnnexD: Donorsurveyquestionnaire A19A24
AnnexE: LGDdiscussionchecklist A25
AnnexF: CHTdiscussionchecklist A26
AnnexG: WorkPlan A27A38
AnnexH: ManningSchedule A29A30
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ListofAcronyms
ADB AsianDevelopmentBank
ADP AnnualDevelopmentProgramme
CHT ChittagongHillTracts
DANIDA DanishInternationalDevelopmentAssistance
DfID DepartmentforInternationalDevelopment(UK)
DPHE DepartmentofPublicHealthEngineering
GoB GovernmentofBangladesh
HDC HillDistrictCouncil
LGD LocalGovernmentDivision
LGED LocalGovernmentEngineeringDepartment
LGI LocalGovernmentInstitution
M&E MonitoringandEvaluation
MLGRD&C MinistryofLocalGovernment,RuralDevelopmentandCooperatives
MOU MemorandumofUnderstanding
MTBE MidTermBudgetFramework
NGO NonGovernmentOrganisation
NGOForum NGOForumforDrinkingWaterSupplyandSanitation
O&M OperationandMaintenance
PEDP PrimaryEducationDevelopmentProgramme
PSU ProgrammeSupportUnit
SDP SectorDevelopmentProgramme
SDC SwissAgencyforDevelopmentandCooperation
SIMS SectorInformationManagementSystem
SIP SectorInvestmentPlan
SWAp SectorWideApproach
TOR TermofReference
UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme
UNICEF UnitedNationsChildrenFund
UP UnionParishad
UZP UpazilaParishadWASA WaterSupplyandSewerageAuthority
WB WorldBank
WSS WaterSupplyandSanitation
ZP ZilaParishad
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SummaryIn2005thefirstSectorDevelopmentProgrammefortheWaterandSanitationSectorinBangladesh(SDP
2005)waspreparedandsubsequentlyapprovedbythegovernmentin2006.SDP2005provideda
frameworkfordevelopmentintheWaterandSanitationsectorforaperiodof10years(20052015).
ThetotalinvestmentrequirementforSDP2005wasratherhigh.Noadequatefinancialcommitmentswere
receivedfromthegovernmentorfromtheexternalsupportagencies.SubsequenttotheSDP2005,there
were some significant developments in the sectors. The projects or investment in the sector is now
preferredtobeunderacommonframeworkoraSectorWideApproach(SWAp).Moreover,thecontextsof
thecountry,especiallythatofthesectorhavechangedwithnewprioritiesandcommitments.Thereisalso
astrongneedtoensurebroadparticipationofthestakeholders insuchan importantnationalendeavor.
Thus the government felt it necessary to review and revise the SDP 2005 and prepare a Second Sector
DevelopmentProgramme(SecondSDP).
DevConBETS, a Joint Venture of two consulting companies, won the contract for preparing the SecondSDP.We(i.e.DevConBETS)startedtheassignmenton15January2009.Aprojectoffice isestablished in
Baridhara with all modern facilities; necessary staffs are mobilized. This Inception Report presents the
objectivesand scopeof the studyand thedetailedapproachesandmethodology.TheReportalsogives
someinitialfindings.
Thestudyisdividedintotwophases.Phase1wouldmakeapreliminaryassessmenttofindthemainareas
of revision and prepare a shortterm Sector Investment Plan (SIP). Phase2 would carry out detailed
analysisandpreparationoftheSecondSDP. Itwasdecided inthecontractnegotiationmeeting thatthe
InceptionReportwilldetailtheactivitiesforphase1.Attheendofphase1,theactivitiesofphase2willbe
detailed.
Stakeholder consultation is a corner stone of the study. In our approach and methodology we had
elaboratedonhowwewilltakeforwardthisstudyinaparticipatoryway.DevelopingaSWApfortheWater
and Sanitation sector is another corner stone. Details procedure for its development will be designed
throughaparticipatoryprocessduringthecourseoftheassignment.However,anoutline isdiscussed in
thisReport.
Wehavealsocarriedoutsomeother initialworks like literaturereview, identifyingkeysector issuesand
challenges, preparation for the Inception Workshop and identifying draft subjects of revision. We have
identifiedsomeoutstandingissues.Theseare:
Agreementonthesubjectsofrevision Agreementontheproposedconsultationprocess Additionalconsultantstaffrequirement
Decisionsontheabovewillhavebudget implications;anestimateofadditionalfundrequirement isalso
given. The above issuesare suggested to be reviewed and an early decision taken so the works can be
carriedoutsmoothly.
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1 Introduction
1.1 Backgroundofthestudy
In2005thefirstSectorDevelopmentProgrammefortheWaterandSanitationSector inBangladesh
(SDP 2005) was prepared. It was approved by the government in 2006. SDP 2005 provided a
frameworkfordevelopmentintheWaterandSanitation(WSS)sectorforaperiodof10years(2005
2015). Itoutlined the sector targetsofcoverageand service levels, the rolesof thesectorpartners
including those of the government, nongovernment agencies, private sector and external support
agencies,therequiredorganizationalreformsandtheinvestmentrequired.
However, the sector targets and coverage for certain subsectors (e.g. urban sanitation) being veryambitious because of taking targets of high coverage against a low existing coverage, the total
investment requirement for SDP 2005 was rather high. No adequate financial commitments were
receivedfromthegovernmentaswellasfromtheexternalsupportagencies.SubsequenttotheSDP
2005, there were some significant developments in the sectors. After Paris Declaration in 2005, in
which Bangladesh is a signatory, there are international and national efforts to harmonize the
differentdevelopmentprojectsandalignthemwithgovernmentsplan.Theprojectsorinvestmentin
the sector is preferred to be under a common framework or a Sector Wide Approach (SWAp).
Moreover,thecontextsofthecountry,especiallythatofthesectorhavechangedwithnewpriorities
and commitments. Many areas in the country like the Chittagong Hill Tracts have different socio
economiccontextanddifferentsetsofproblemsforwhichspecialattentionisneeded.ThereisalsoastrongneedtoensureparticipationofthestakeholdersintensivelyinanationalendeavorlikeSDPso
thatitisownedandeventuallycanbeeasilyimplemented.
ThusthegovernmentfeltitnecessarytoreviewandrevisetheSDP2005andprepareaSecondSector
DevelopmentPlanfortheWSSsector(SecondSDP);themainreasonsforpreparingtheSecondSDP
are:
Incorporategovernmentsnewcommitmentsandtargets IncorporateSWApintheWSSsector Ensureparticipationofallstakeholders PreparerealisticSectorInvestmentPlan(SIP) IncludethespecialdevelopmentneedsofChittagongHillTracts(CHT) UpdateandmakenecessaryadjustmentsinSDP2005tomeetthepresentandfuture
challenges
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The Water Supply and Sanitation Programme Support Unit (PSU) is established by the Local
GovernmentDivision(LGD)tosupportLGDinpolicyimplementationandsectorcoordination.PSUhas
takenuptheassignmentincloseconsultationwithothersectorstakeholdersforpreparingtheSecond
SDP. A subcommittee of the National Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation has been
formedtoguideandassisttheSecondSDPpreparationprocess.PSUisactingassecretariattothesub
committee.
We,i.e.,DevConBETS,aJointVentureoftwoconsultingcompanies,wonthecontractforReviewing
andRevisionoftheSDPand isappointedbyPSU.This inceptionreportpresentstheobjectivesand
scopeofthestudyandthedetailedapproachesandmethodology.Thereportalsogivessome initial
worksdonebyusandidentifiessomeunderstandingissuesforreviewandapproval.
1.2 Objectivesofthestudy
TheoverallobjectiveofthestudyistoestablishanoperationalSDPincludingSIPownedandmanaged
bytheGoBandagreedbythedonors,NGOsandotherstakeholdersthroughaneventualSectorWide
Approach
Specific Objectives: The specific objectives are divided into two phases. Phase1 would make a
preliminary assessment to find the main areas of revision of SDP 2005 and prepare a shortterm
SectorInvestmentPlan(SIP).Phase 2wouldcarryoutdetailedanalysisandpreparationoftheSecond
SDP.Thespecificobjectivesofthetwophases,asmentionedintheTOR,aregivenbelow.
Phase 1
1. PrepareanoperationalshorttermSectorInvestmentPlan(SIP)withfullstakeholderscommitmenttobesharedwithallstakeholders;
2. ReviewandupdateoftheexistingSIPtopresentsituationincludinginvestmentsoutsidetheannualdevelopmentplan(ADP)ofGoB;
3. AssesstheissueofaseparateSDPfortheCHTormakecleardemarcationsfortheareaintheNationalSDPinlightoftherecentGoBCircularontheissueandmakerecommendationsfor
neededdocumentstobepreparedduringPhase2onthissubject.
4. Makeconsultationswithallstakeholdersthroughdistributedpapers,meetingsandworkshopswherefindingsandscenarioswillbediscussed;
5. PreparefinaldraftoftherevisedshorttermSIPandaSDPAddendumontheCHTissueforpresentationandapprovalintheNationalForumforWaterSupplyandSanitationofthe
items.
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Phase 2
1. AnalyzethepolicystatementsandstrategiesdescribedintheSDPandproposealternativescenarioswhererelevant,particularlyontheissuesidentifiedbytheSubcommittee;
2. PreparespecificstrategicdevelopmentapproachforLargeCityWaterSupplyandSewerage/Sanitation,TownsWaterSupplyandSewerage/SanitationandRuralWaterSupplyand
Sanitation
3. PreparetheSDPCHTdocumentsrecommendedinPhase14. ProvideguidanceandrecommendationstoGovernmentanddonorsonharmonization,aid
managementmodalities,partnershipimplementationstrategies,informationshoring,and
accesstogloballearning,etc.
5. PreparefinaldraftoftherevisedSDPincludinglongtermSIPforpresentationandapprovalintheNationalForumforWaterSupplyandSanitation
1.3
Scopeof
the
study
The scope of the study both for phase1 and phase2 is provided in the TOR. In phase1 the main
activitiesarereviewingSDP2005,reviewingthesector,consultationwithstakeholders, identification
ofareasof revision, review the CHT statusandpreparean addendum toSDPandpreparation of a
shorttermSIP.
Inphase2 themainactivitiesarereviewingthepoliciesandstrategies,preparingstrategicplanand
eventually formulate the second SDP. The detailed activities as suggested in the TOR is shown in
AnnexA.
1.4 Deliverables
Themaindeliverablesandeventsofthisstudyare
Deliverables Timeframe InceptionReportandInceptionWorkshop 1month ShorttermSIPandAddendumonCHTissuetobeplacedto
theNationalWSSForumforapproved
5month
DraftReviewandUpdatetobediscussedinaNationalWorkshop
7month
DraftSecondSDPtobediscussedinaNationalWorkshop 10month SecondSDPtobeapprovedbytheNationalWSSForum 11month PrintedcopiesofSecondSDPinEnglishandinBangla 13month
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1.5 Understandingonthescopeofflexibilityofthestudy
WeunderstandthattheareasofemphasisontheSecondSDPwilldependonthesectorreviewand
onthestakeholderconsultation.ThisisrecognizedandspecificallymentionedintheTORofthestudy;
forexample,thestaffcompositionandstafftimerequiredinthephase2isonlyindicative.Thisissue
wasdiscussedduringthenegotiationmeetingwithPSUandtheyhadrespondedpositively.
OurteammembershavecarriedoutapreliminaryreviewoftheSDP2005andthesectorstatus.We
had extensive discussions with PSU on several occasions and received valuable guidance. Our
suggestions on how best to carry out the study are given in the following sections for review and
approval.
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2. Mobilization,StaffingandInteractionwithPSU
2.1 Commencement
DevConBETS signed the contract for the assignment on 24th December 2008. Earlier a contract
negotiation meeting was held with the DevConBETS on 7 December 2008 where some important
administrativedecisionswere taken. Theminutesof themeetingwaspublishedandhadbecomea
partofthecontract.
We started the assignment on 15th January 2009 with a kickoff meeting with Mr. Shariful Alam,
ProjectDirectorofPSUandotherPSUmembersandDevConBETSconsultantteam.Dr.TanveerAhsan
istheteamleaderoftheconsultantteam.
2.2 Staffing
Theconsultantstaffsaremobilized.A listofthestaffmembers isgiveninAnnexB.Afteracceptance
of this Inception Report and agreement on the subjects of revision, the present staffmix and
responsibilitiesmayneedtobeadjusted.
2.3 ManagementandAdministration
Aprojectofficeisestablished.Theofficialaddressisasfollows.
DevConBETSJV
HouseNo.4,RoadNo.13
Baridhara,Dhaka1212
Tel: 88028826558,8823228,8822113
Fax:88028826305
Email:[email protected](General);[email protected](TeamLeader)
The office has all necessary facilities like computers, highspeed internet connections, printing,
copying
and
secretarial
facilities.
There
is
also
a
meeting
room
with
multi
media
facilities
for
regular
meetings,brainstormingandothergroupexercises.
Twocarsareprovidedfortheconsultantteam.
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2.4 OrganizationalArrangements
TheconsultantswillworkundertheadministrativeandmanagementcontroloftheProjectDirectorof
PSU.FortechnicalmatterstheconsultantswillconsultwithPSUandalsowiththeSubcommitteeof
theNational WSS forum (subcommittee).PSUwillact as the secretariatof theSubcommittee. An
organizationalsetupofisshownbelow.
Figure1OrganizationalSetup
2.5 InteractionwithPSUandotheragencies
Weare interactingwithPSUonaregularbasis,attwiceaweektoupdateontheprogressandseek
advice.Theconsultantswillalso interactwithgovernmentministriesandagencies, localgovernment
institutes,donors,NGOs,etc.onmattersrelatedtotheproject.TheconsultantswillappraisePSUon
theoutcomeofthoseinteractions.
Consultants
(DevConBETSJointVenture)
LocalGovernment
Division
NationalForumfor
WSS
TeamLeader ProjectDirector
PSU
SubCommitteeofthe
NationalWSSForum
Expertsfromother
developmentpartners
ConsultantTeam
Members
PSUTeam
Members
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3. ApproachandMethodology
The basis of the proposed approach and methodology is those mentioned in our proposal for theconsultancy contract and our initial assessment of the needs. The process of formulation of the
Second SDP is dynamic; it would depend on factors like results of situation analysis, views of the
government and other stakeholders and outstanding sector challenges. It is difficult to predict the
exactscopeofworksandmethodology.Thusitwasdecidedinthecontractnegotiationmeetingthat
the Inception Report will detail the activities for phase1. At the end of phase1, the activities of
phase2willbedetailed.
Thefollowingsectionsgiveoverallapproachestothestudy,adetaileddescriptionofthemethodology
and the activities for phase1 and a general description of the methodology and the activities of
phase2.
3.1 Approaches
Ourapproachestoachievethestudyobjectivesareasfollows.
TheSDP2005asaStartingPoint:TheexistingSDP2005willbeourpointofdeparture.Wewillmakean intensivereview;ourpreliminaryreviewsuggeststhatmanyaspectswhichareworthconsidering
and at the same time some aspects need updating. At the same time we will review relevant
literature.Wehavegivenourinitialassessmentinthefollowingsections.
ParticipatoryApproach:Development isnotan isolatedprocess; rather it should take intoaccounttheconsiderationofthestakeholdersespeciallythepeopleforwhom it is intended.Webelieve it is
criticaltoobtainviewsofallstakeholders,bothatcentralandatlocallevels.Oneofthedrawbacksin
the process of preparing the SDP 2005 was the limited time available for consultation, which
contributedto its lessownershipbystakeholders.Theabsenceofadequatecommunicationafter its
approvalwasanotherfactor.Wewillfollowaparticipatoryprocesswiththesectorstakeholdersand
encouragetheirparticipationfromtheveryonsetofthepreparationprocess.Inourmethodologywe
haveelaboratedtheparticularconsultationprocessandhowthisprocesswillhelptobuildconsensus
amongthestakeholders.
DrawingLessons:Wewilldraw lessonsfromourownexperience inNepal intransportsectorSWAp.We will obtain information on SWAp experiences from other developing countries like Kenya.
Importantly,wewillcriticallyevaluatetherecentBangladeshexperiences,bothwhatworkedwelland
whatwentwrong,especiallywith theSecondPrimaryEducationDevelopmentProgram (PEDP II)or
Education SWAp and the Health SWAp. The ongoing WSSPS II is a kind of subsector SWAp, its
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experiencesinplanningandimplementationwillalsobehighlyvaluable.Inthemethodologywehave
givenourfirstthoughtsonhowwewanttoincorporateSWApinWSSsector.
FeedbackBasedApproach:Wewillrelayonfeedbacksfromourstakeholderstoobtaininsightswhichwill enrich our works. During the course of the study we will have intensive discussion with the
stakeholders;workshopswillbearrangedatstrategictimestodisseminateourfindingsaswellasto
serveasasoundingboardforourideasandoutputs.Inaddition,severalothermeetingsandthematic
workshopswillbearrangedtoanalyzeimportanttopics.
IntegrativeApproach: Many interventions in the sector have resulted in number of projects withdifferent approaches. Many institutions have undertaken tasks which sometimes have overlapping
scopes. This has increased the complexity of implementing various developmental activities. We
would therefore strive to follow an integrative approach as far as our engagement is concerned
wherein we would involve all the stakeholders, distil their feedback and come up with coherent
outputs. Capacity building of the communities and practice of good governance and other cross
cuttingissueswillalsobeintegrated.
Synergy Creation: For such large scale developments endeavor like the SDP it is imperative thatsynergiesaredevelopedbetweenvariousrelatedaspectslikesocialdevelopment,ruraldevelopment,
health,urbanplanningandinfrastructureplanning.Oureffortswillbedirectedsothatthesesynergies
areidentifiedandleveragedupon.
Focus on Implementability: Any developmental activity which ignores the core aspect ofImplementabilityisboundtobeunsuccessful.Wewillbringinthevastexpertisethatwehavegained
overtheyearsinthedesignandimplementationofwaterandsanitationandothersectorprojects.
3.2 Methodology
StakeholderMapping
OurinitialassessmentfindsthattherearefivemaingroupsofstakeholdersintheWSSsector:
1. Government(ministries,divisionsandagencies)2. LocalGovernmentInstitutions3. Donors4. NGO/PrivateSector5. CivilSocietyandacademicians6. Users
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OneremarkfrommanystakeholdersmadeonthepreparationofSDP2005wasthatnotenoughtime
wasavailable forproperconsultation.Thuswhilepreparing the revisedversion i.e.theSecondSDP,
extensive stakeholders participation for the planning process would be ensured. A stakeholder
mappingexercisewasdoneinconsultationwiththePSUandsomestakeholdersareinitiallyidentified.
Thesixstakeholdergroupsare:
StakeholderGroupsinWSSsectorGovernment: LocalGovernmentDivision(LGD),DPHE,LGED,CHTMinistry,
PlanningCommission,MinistryofFinance,etc.
LGIs: CHTRegionalandDistrictCouncils,UpazilaParishads,Union
Parishads(UPs),MunicipalitiesandCityCorporations
Donor: WorldBank,ADB,IBD,DanidaDFID,AusAID,Dutch,UNICEF,
SDC,,etc.
NGOs/Private
Sectors:
BRAC,NGOForum,WaterAidBangladesh,PlanBangladesh,
Oxfam,etc/PrivateProducersofWaterandSanitation
hardware,SmallScalePrivateServiceproviders,etc.
CivilSociety
/academicians
Intellectuals,civilrightactivists,media,sectorprofessionals,
etc.
Users: Communities,individualhouseholds,etc
Thesestakeholderswillbeconsultedatvariousstages.Theoutcomesoftheconsultationprocesswill
betakenintoconsideration,andincorporatedintotheSecondSDP.
Convergingtheviewsofsectorstakeholders
At present different stakeholders have different views and approaches in the sector. They have
different implementation modalities and do not operate under a common framework. As a result
there is not much consensus among them and lack harmony in operations. One of the expected
outcomes of the Second SDP preparation process is that it would help to build consensus and
eventuallyincreasetheownershipoftheSDP.
TheideaofConvergencebyConsultationisshownschematicallyinFigure2.Atthebeginningoftheconsultationprocessthecommonareaofconsensusamongthesixmaingroupsofstakeholders is
small(Figure2a).WiththeparticipationofthestakeholdersintheSDPplanningprocessandthrough
regularconsultationandexchangeofviews it isexpected that thestakeholderswouldcomecloser.
Thecommonareawouldincrease(Figure2b)indicatingmoresenseofownership.
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(a)Presentsituation (b)Expectedsituationaftersectorconsultation
Figure2 Schematicdiagramsshowingthestatusofconsensusorthecommonareasamongthemain
stakeholdergroups:(a)presentsituationand(b)expectedsituationaftertheconsultation
process.
ParticipationandConsultationProcess
The process forparticipationandconsultationwillbeparticipatoryand feedbackoriented. A setof
participatorymethodsandtoolswillbeused tocarryouttheconsultationprocess.Before finalizing
theconsultationprocessactionplan, thequestionsofhowmanyeventsandwithwhomandwhere
the consultation would take place need to be clarified. These questions are crucial, specifically for
consultationwiththestakeholdersatlocallevels.
Consultationwillbedoneattwolevels
Field Headquarters
FieldLevelConsultation:Thecountrywouldbedividedintofourgeographicalregionssothatthemajordifferentcharacteristics
ofthecountryarereflected.Theregionsare:
1. Hillyareas(particularlytheCHTdistricts)2. FloodplainandHaorareas3. Coastalbeltdistricts4. LowWaterTable/droughtproneareas
Fromtheseregionsthestakeholderswouldberandomly/purposivelyselected.Fromeachofthefour
geographical regions one Upazila Parishad (UZP) will be selected. The selected UZP will then be
requested to organize a Regional Workshop with the Union Parishads (UPs), local private
operators/service providers and other line departments. Consultants will facilitate the UPZ in
Common
Area
Common
Area
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organizingtheworkshop.Similarly,selectedPourashavasandtheCityCorporationswillbeintervened
inthesameregion.TheparticipantsoftheseLGIs(e.g.bothmaleandfemalemembers)willrepresent
local communities as well as they will ensure equitable representation of men and women of the
communitiesconcerned. Table1showsthedifferentregions,representativedistricts,stakeholdersto
beconsultedandmethodandtoolstobeused.
Table1:Stakeholdersconsultationindifferentregions
Regions Representative
districts
Stakeholders
tobe
consulted
Methods Tools
Hilly CHTdistricts UZP1
UPs 8to10
PS 3to5
HDC 1
Pourashava1
RegionalWorkshop
SmallGroup
Discussion
Interviewing
Workshopprogramme
outline;
Discussion
checklist/guideline;
Questionnaire;
Floodplain/Haor Jamalpur,
Sunamganj,
Brahmanbaria,
etc.
UZP1
UPs 8to10
PS3to5
Pourashava2
RegionalWorkshop
SmallGroup
Discussion
Interviewing
Workshopprogramme
outline;
Discussion
checklist/guideline;
Questionnaire;
Coastalbelt Barisal,
Noakhali,
Khulna,etc.
UZP1
UPs 8to10
PS3to5
Pourashava2
RegionalWorkshop
SmallGroup
Discussion
Interviewing
Workshopprogramme
outline;
Discussion
checklist/guideline;
Questionnaire;
Lowwater
table/drought
Rajshahi,Bogra,
Pabna,etc.
UZP1
UPs8to10
PS3to5
Pourashava3
RegionalWorkshop
SmallGroup
Discussion
Interviewing
Workshopprogramme
outline;
Discussion
checklist/guideline;
Questionnaire;
Note:UZPUpazilaParishad;UPUnionParishad;PSPrivateSector,HDCHillDistrictCouncil.
From the plain district regions two old district Pourashavas, two new district Pourashavas and two
smallPourashavaswillbeselectedforsmallgroupdiscussions.OnePourashavaofCHTdistrictHQwill
beselectedforthepurpose.
TheRegionalCouncilofthehilldistrictsandtwoCityCorporationsofDhakaandChittagongalongwith
oneCityCorporationofthefour(e.g.Khulna,Rajshahi,SylhetandBarisal)otherswillbeconsultedat
thelaterpartoftheprocess.
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HeadquarterslevelConsultationDhakabased other important stakeholders such as government ministries, donors, etc will be
consulting with. Through this process, about 1520 donor agencies, government ministries and
departments(i.e.LGD,DPHEandLGED),57nationalandinternationalNGOsandsomeotherprivate
sectoragencieswillbeinterviewed.Asetofquestionnaire/checklistwillbeused.Ifrequired,number
ofsmallgroupdiscussionswillbeconductedwithNGOsandprivatesector.
Three National Workshops will be organized for national level stakeholders including government
agenciesanddonors.ThefirstoneistheInceptionWorkshop.Itwillbediscussthemethodologiesand
initialfindingsandobtainfeedbackontheSDPpreparationprocess.Thesecondworkshopwillbefor
sharingtheworkprogressesanddraftoutputsoftheassignment.Thethirdandfinalworkshopwillbe
forpresentingthedraftfinalreport.
ThematicworkshopsSomethematictopicsare importantbecauseofthetechnicalorstrategic implicationsbutthetopics
arelessdiscussedwithinthesectorprofessionals.Thematicworkshopsonspecifictopicsareproposedtobeorganized.Presentationswillbemadebymembersofconsultantteamandguestlecturerswho
arerenownedinthosethemes.
Weproposetoorganizetheseventhematicworkshopsonthetopics.
1. WaystointroduceSWApinWSSsector2. Sanitationforlargecities3. PrivateSectorModelsforPourashavawatersupply4. RuralWaterSupply:Reachingthehardtoreachpeopleandplaces5. Sustainablesolutionsforarsenicmitigation6. Diversity,challengesandsolutionsforCHT7. Improvedhygieneandsanitationpractices
Theexchangeofknowledgeandviews throughsucheventswouldassist inselectionofappropriate
technologicaloptions, institutionalarrangementsand identifytherequirementsofreformsorpolicy
changes.Moreover,thiswillbuildconsensusbeamongthesectorprofessionalwhichissoimportant
toimplementtheSDP.
ConsultationMethodsandTools
Following
are
the
key
methods
that
will
be
applied
for
consulting
the
stakeholders
at
various
levels
of
thelocalgovernment,donorsandprivatesectors:
RegionalWorkshop:Oneregionalworkshopwillbeorganizedineachgeographicalregion(atselectedUpazila level) with the representation of local government, private sector service providers and
government linedepartments.Participantsoftheworkshopswillbefacilitatedbytheconsultantsto
shareandexchangetheirviewsonthecurrentandfutureSDPs.Moreimportantly,theywillbeurged
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18
clearlyexpresstheirexpectationsandsuggestionsonthefuturedevelopmentofthesector.Different
programme schedule will be developed. Both Dhaka and Chittagong City Corporations shall have
separateprogrammes.Theirviewsandcommentswillbetakeninseparateworkshops.
SmallGroupDiscussion:ThismethodwillbeappliedwhileconsultingwiththePourashavasandCityCorporations. The responsible persons and departments of the entities will be intervened in small
groups.Achecklist(tobedeveloped)willbeusedtoguidethediscussionssessions.
Key Informant Interview:Thekeypersonsof themajor stakeholders suchasCHTRegionalCouncil,smalland secondary town Pourashavas, UpazilaParishadand UP Chairmanand specially thedonor
representativeswillbeinterviewedindividually.Separatesetsofsemistructuredquestionnairewillbe
used for interviewingthedonors,governmentcounterparts,LGIsatdifferenttiersandNGOswillbe
developed.
3.3 Phase-1Activities
TheTORsuggeststhreegroupsorstreamsofactivitiesduringphase1
i) determiningthesubjectsofSDPrevision,ii) preparingshorttermSIPandiii) assessingandpreparingaddendumonCHT
However,consideringnecessities ofcarryingoutsomeactivitiesearlier(e.g.SWApstrategy)andalso
theheavywork loadand thepossibility of time constrains inphase2, we suggest tobring forward
someactivitiesofphase2inphase1.Theseactivitiesstreamsare
iv) ReviewandupdateexistingSDPv) SWApstrategydevelopment
Not all,but some selectedactivities of theabove activity streams (or groups)willbecarriedout in
phase1andtheotherswillbedoneinphase2.Thedetailsaregivenintheworkplan(Section5).
SubjectsofSDPRevision
IntheSubjectsofSDPrevisionactivitystreamtheexistingSDPwillbereviewedanddraftsubjectsof
SDPrevisionprepared.Thesubjectsareexpectedtoinclude:i)newlydevelopedii)notcoveredearlier
orwith
iii)
lack
of
consensus.
Wehavealreadypreparedadraftlistofsubjects(discussedinnextchapter)andhadinitialdiscussion
withPSU.OncetheSubcommitteeapprovesthedraftsubjectswewillfocusourstudyaccordingly.
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PreparingshorttermSIP
TheactivitygroupofShorttermSIPwillstartwithreviewoftheexistingSIP.Wehadalreadystarted
with a stakeholder mapping exercise and preparing tools for surveying the sector financiers.
Questionnaire forthedonorsarepreparedandcirculated.Furtherdescriptionoftheworksdoneso
far is given in next chapter. Eventually a draft short term SIP will be prepared based on the
stakeholderssurvey.
ThetimeframefortheSIP is initiallythoughttobe35years.Wewillconsultwithstakeholders,PSU
andsubcommitteeontheexacttimeframe.
Wewillconsidergovernmentsourcesaswell.Thefollowingdocumentswillbeconsulted.
theMidTermBudgetFramework(MTBF)oftheLGD thegovernmentagencies(e.g.DPHEandLGED)3yearrollingbudget PlanningCommissions5YearPlans
ThedraftSIPwillbeforthreesubsectors:i)largecities(metropolitancities),ii)smallcitiesandtowns
(Pourashavas)and iii)ruralareas.ThisdraftSIP,alongwithsomekey findings,willbediscussed ina
NationalStakeholdersWorkshop.Suggestionsfromtheworkshopwillbeconsideredandafinaldraft
shorttermSIPwillbeprepared.DuringthisprocesstheconsultantswilldiscusswithcloselyPSUand
theSubCommittee.PSU/SubCommitteewillplacethefinaldrafttotheNationalForumforapproval.
It isexpectedthatanMOUwillbesignedwiththesectordevelopmentpartnersregarding financing
andmilestonesforrecommendedsectorreforms.
However,therearesomeareasregardingthepreparationofshorttermSIPwhichmayberevisited:
We feel that the timeframe of preparing the short SIP (one month from acceptance ofInception Report) is rather limited. Many activities like consultation with donors and
governmentministriesistimetakingandoftenbeyondthecontroloftheconsultants.
TheshortSIP,conceptually,asapartofthelongtermSIPwhichwouldbepreparedinphase2based on some strategic consideration and sector consultation. We are analyzing this issue
andwillcomeupwithsuggestiononhowbestthiscanbedoneinphase1.
The TOR mentions that the donors will sign a MOU with the government confirming theirfinancing to the sector. Donors agreement with the government is guided by the
administrativeproceduresofthedonorcountryoragencies.Moreover,whatmightencourage
the donors to commit funds is a realistic development plan with reform agenda. In other
words,thisSDP.Assuch,beforeSDPcomingtoashapeitwouldbedifficultforthedonorsto
commitfunds,especiallyifwearetalkingofincreasedleveloffunding.
WewilldiscusstheaboveissueswithPSUandsubcommittee,ifneeded,andcomeupwithafeasible
timeframetocompleteshortSIP.WeexpecttocompletethedraftSIPwithinthephase1.
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AddendumonCHT
WewillreviewtheexistingCHTsituation,ourconsiderationswillinclude
itsdifferentlocalgovernmentstructure differentsocioeconomiccondition differentculture,valuesandlanguage governmentanddonorshavemanystandaloneprojectsforCHT needfordifferentwaterandsanitationtechnologies(often)thaninplainland
TogiveespecialattentiontotheCHTsituationbecauseof itsuniquenesswewillarrangeaRegional
Stakeholders Workshop in CHT. The participants would be the local government agencies, local
governments(regionalcouncil,districtcouncil,headman,etc.),NGOsanddonors(particularlyUNDP).
We will also meet, individually and in group, with local stakeholders. Details of our consultation
processaregivenearlier(seeTable1).AfterwardswewillprepareadraftAddendumonCHT.
We will consult the draft Addendum with LGD and the MOCHT in the context of the GovernmentCircularandthefindingsoftheCHTreview.OntheirrecommendationwewillpreparedraftfinalCHT
Addendum.PSU/SubcommitteewillplacetheAddendumtotheNationalForumforapproval.Wewill
supportbypreparingnecessarybriefingpapersandpresentations.
ReviewandupdateexistingSDP
The existing SDP will be reviewed with particular attention to the subjects agreed by the Sub
committee.Thereviewwillinclude
i) technicalii) environmental,socioeconomicaliii) institutionalandiv) financialmatters.
Therecentdevelopment inthesectorwillbeconsideredfortheir influence intheSDP.Wewillalso
reviewtheexistingWSSprogrammeandprojectswiththeobjectivetoupdatethestatusofthesector.
Asthegovernmentagencies(DPHEandLGED)andWASAsupdatetheirdatabasesafterthecloseof
thefinancialyeari.e.June,weplantodothefinalupdatingafterJuly2009.
Therelatedpoliciesandstrategieswillbereviewed.Wehadcarriedoutan initialassessmentofthe
policies and identified some gaps to address the sector challenges. We will prepare a check list to
carefullyreviewthepolicies.Eventuallywewilldiscusswiththestakeholderssuggestwaystoresolve
them.
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SWApdevelopment
Definition:DevelopingaSWAp(SectorWideApproach)fortheWaterandSanitationsectorisoneof
thekeyobjectivesoftheSecondSDP.Inthiscontextthefollowingissuesarequitepertinent:
WhatdowemeanbySWAp? WhatshouldbethemaincomponentsofaSWAp? HowtointroduceSWApintheWSSsectorofBangladesh?
DetailsprocedurefordevelopmentofaSWApwillbedesignedthroughaparticipatoryprocessduring
thecourseoftheassignment.However,anoutlineisdiscussedbelow.
TheConcept:SAWp isonlyanapproachastohowtothink(planfordevelopment inthesector)andact(implementtheplan)inandcoordinatedway.ThegeneralconceptofSWApincludes:
Movingfromprojecttoprogrammes Relyingongovernmentsystemsforplanningandimplementationbutagradualprocess Movingfromscatteredpolices,strategiesandplans(orprojects)toanoverallframework,
agreeduponbye.g.ThePartnershipPrinciples
The Framework: The focus of SWAp is effective policy process and governance, the lead role ofgovernment,recognizingtheroleofprivatesectorandcivilsociety.Itfacilitateseffectiveutilizationof
donoraidthroughcoordinationharmonizationandalignment.AcomprehensiveframeworkofaSWAp
containsapolicyframework,aplanningframeworkandafundingframework.Themainelementsofa
SWApframeworkareshownintheboxbelow.
WhatisSWAp?
"SectorWide
Approach
(SWAp)
is
amethod
of
working
that
brings
together
governments,
donorsandotherstakeholderswithinanysector.Itischaracterizedbyasetofoperating
principlesratherthanaspecificpackageofpoliciesoractivities.Theapproachinvolves
movementovertimeundergovernmentleadershiptowards:
1. broadeningpolicydialogue;2. developingasinglesectorpolicy(thataddressesprivateandpublicsectorissues);3. acommonrealisticexpenditureprogram;4. commonmonitoringarrangements;and5. morecoordinatedproceduresforfundingandprocurement.
(WorldHealthOrganization,WorldHealthReport2000)
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Introd
on exp
Devcon
worksh
isconsi
Ourtea
wehav
stakeho
Assess
cingSWAperiences of
s experienc
opsonwith
deredverycr
mhas
alread
e identified
lderstodev
entoftheAnanalysis
Prioritizatio
etc.
An assessm
mandate,m
Since
respogovernment
vistheresp
Anassessm
Areviewof
Anassessm
growth,tren
inWSSsecthe Health
of workin
hesectorpr
ucial,wehav
ydone
som
omekey iss
loptheconc
eedandcapndassessme
oftherequ
ent of the i
anpower,im
sibility
of
ibodiesasse
nsibilitythe
ntofthecap
heexitingre
ntofthepo
dofallocatio
orofBangector SWAp
in road se
fessionalwi
eproposedt
analysis
of
t
uesandacti
eptofourS
acityntofthecur
iredactions
nstitutional
lementation
plementatiostheexitin
areexpecte
acityinthe
gulatoryregi
sibleavailab
noflocalre
22
adesh:The
and prima
tor SWAp i
llberequire
oincludeaS
heWSS
sect
ns,whichw
Ap:
rentsituatio
accordingto
capacity of
capacity,re
n
will
directandproject
dtounderta
GOandpriv
me.
ilityoflocalr
ourceinWS
roposedS
y education
Nepal will
.Sincethep
WApspeciali
ras
to
and
illbe furthe
.
theuserde
the WSS se
ourcesetc).
ly
be
with
gedcapacity
e.
atesector.
esourcestak
sectoretc.
ApsinWSSs
sector SW
also be bro
rocessofde
stintoourte
owto
devel
analyzed in
mand,ease
ctor (taking
overnment
dftheconcer
ingintoacco
ectorshould
p in Bangla
ught in. The
elopingthe
am.
opaSWAp.
consultation
f implemen
into accoun
epartments/nedentities
untprojecte
build
desh.
matic
WAp
elow
with
ation
t the
local
vis
GDP
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23
An assessment of possible funding from the multi lateral and bilateral donors. (taking intoaccountthecurrentandprojectedglobaleconomicdownturn)
Policyissuestobesettledfirst:
ShouldtheprogramcoverthewholeWSSsector? Should it cover WASAs, solid waste management, drainage system? (explain to thegovernmentwhataretheimplicationofeachdecision). What will happen to the existing projects? Should they converge into the new program or
continueforsometime inparallel?Shouldthemanpower(projectpersonnel)oftheexisting
projectsbetransferredtothenewprogram/revenue?
Whichdepartmentshouldbetheleadorganization?LGDorDPHEoranyWASA?(Therecouldbemorethanonecentreunderanumbrellaprogram).
IsthegovernmentreadytomaketheorganizationalreformsrequiredforaSWAp? Isthegovernmentreadytorevisethetariffstructure,ifdeemedessential? Unlike a project a program is implemented directly by the mainstream personnel of the
concerned government organizations. Filling in existing vacancies would be essential for
creating/maintaining the capacity of the concerned agencies for implementing the SWAp.Governmentmustbeawareofthisandmustcommittofillinexitingvacanciesand/orcreate
newsustainablepositions.
Since LGRD is an MTBF Ministry, the proposed SWAp should be closely linked with MTBF.Clarify thiswith theministryandmake sure that theproposed programwillbe in harmony
withthethreeyearrollingplansofLGRD.
Should there be one donor or several donors? If several donors should there be a singlefinancialsystemormultiplefinancialsystemoftheprogram?
Identificationofinterventions
Prioritized and identify possible areas of intervention under the program in line with thedesireofthegovernment.
Setrealistictimelineallowingnecessaryloan/grantprocessingtimeforthegovernment. Arrangedialoguewithpossibledevelopmentpartners. There is no need to start implementing everything at a time. Consider a phased approach
takingintoaccountthecapacityofthesector.
Risks and its Mitigation: SWAp isanewwayof thinkingandactingwhich iseasier tounderstand,manageandmonitor. However, in the short term it isdifficultand involves significantpreparatory
costs.Theremightbesomeresistancefrombothinsideandoutsidegovernment.Thusthere isneed
to tackle internal and external threats which may evolve because of vested interest or ignorance.
Duringourstudywewouldidentifytransitionalrisksandmaycomeupwithatransitionalprocess.We
wouldfollowaprocedureofclarifyingthemeaningandimplicationsofaSWApinWSSsectorthrough
intensiveconsultationwiththestakeholderssothatimplementbecomessmoothandeffective.
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3.4 Phase-2Activities
As decided in the contract negotiation meeting phase1 activities will be described in detail in the
InceptionReport.Phase2activitieswillbedetailedattheendofphase1.Assuchonlyanoutlineof
thephase2activitiesispresentedinthisInceptionReport.
Phase2activitieswillstartwiththebackdropthattheareasofrevisionoftheSDPhavebeenagreed
uponandadetailedTORforphase2 isapproved.Themaintaskswouldbefinalizingthereviewand
updating and developing the SWAp that was started in phase1. Other major activities are briefly
describedbelow.
IncorporationofSpecialElements
Some special elements will be analysed for their incorporation in the SDP. The TOR suggests to
include:
Strategiesforcoordination,costsharinganddisasterresponse Watersafety,waterquality,itssurveillance,healthandhygiene,etc. Technologyoptionsforwaterandsanitation Procedureforsectorplanning,monitoringofimplementation,O&Mandimpactmonitoring Communityparticipation,IECandcrosscuttingissues
Respectiveconsultants fromourteamwilltake leadrole inaddressingtheseelements.Thedetailed
TORfortheaboveareaswillbedeterminedduringPhase 1.Wewillgotofieldtripsinsomeselected
areas to obtain firsthand knowledge. Such areas will be determined during the assignment.
Experiencesandlessonsareexpectedtobeofimmenseuse.
Wewillarrangeanumberofthematicworkshopswithsectorprofessional,thetopicsoftheworkshop
willcoversomeoftheaboveelements,andothernewtopicswillalsobedealtwith.
StrategicDevelopmentApproaches
The TOR mentions preparing strategic development approaches for three subsectors.We envisage
there might be another subsector i.e. CHT, because of its uniqueness. So we would develop the
strategicapproachesforfoursubsectorsasshownbelow
Strategic
Development
Approach for
WSS Sector
Large Cities
(e.g. Metropolitan cities)
Pourashavas
Rural areas
CHT
(Possibly, depending on Forum)
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Detailofthesewillbedoneduringphase2.Thestrategicdevelopmentapproachforeachsubsector
and the review/updates will be presented in a Second National Workshop. The participants will be
fromthemajorstakeholdersincludingNGOsandprivatesector.Theinformationandconceptswould
bethoroughlydiscussedanditisexpectedthatthosewouldberefinedbytheinsightsandexperiences
oftheparticipants.Thecommentsreceivedfromtheworkshopwillberecordedandanalysed.
Based on the works on the reviews, SWAp development, analysis of special elements and the
commentsreceivedfromtheSecondNationalWorkshop,draftSecondSDPincludingthelongtermSIP
willbeprepared.Wewilltakecarethatallrelevantelementsofconsultationsareconsidered.
ThirdNationalWorkshop
BynowtheSecondSDPwouldbecomingtoaconcreteshape.Thedraftversionwillbediscussedina
Third National Workshop. We will explain the changes in the draft and how or how far we have
incorporatedtheviewofthestakeholders.WewillalsoexplainhowbestitwouldservetheobjectivesoftheSDPintheprevailingconditions.WeexpectthatthatthedraftrevisedSDPwillbeendorsedin
theworkshopwithsomeminorcomments.
ThefinaldraftversionSDPwillbepreparedincorporatingthecommentsoftheworkshopandwillbe
placedtotheNationalForumforWSS.Wewillpreparenecessarybriefingpaperandpresentation.
FinalizingtheSecondSDP
AnycommentsmadebytheForumwillbeincorporatedinthefinalversion.OncetheSDPisapproved
bytheNationalForumwewillarrangeforitsprintinginEnglish.ABanglatranslationwillbeprepared
andcopiesinBanglawillalsobeprinted.WewillalsoprepareanSDPoverviewforpostinginwebsite.
FurtherdetailsoftheprintproductswillbediscussedandagreedwithPSU.
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4 InitialWorks
Ourteam
has
started
reviewing
the
existing
SDP
2005
and
other
literatures.
On
aregular
basis
we
are
exchangingourviewswithPSUand receiving theirguidance.Some initialworksarecompletedand
mentionedbelow.
4.1 PresentSituationandChallengesintheSector
Wearereviewingdocumentsrelevanttoourstudy.Belowisabriefdescriptionofourinitialfindingon
the present situation. Some significant challenges are presented in the boxes below. We are
continuing with this research and will update this part of the report with new finding and
developments.
RuralWaterSupply
Favorablegroundwatersourcesencouragedinstallationofhandpumptubewells,mostly(8085%)by
theusersthemselves.Majorityofthecountryisinshallowtubewellareas,thereareabout1tubewell
forevery20personscomparedtothenationalpolicystandardof1tubewellfor50persons.However,
thehighcoveragefiguredoesnotnecessarilyreflecttherealpictureofthecountry.Tillnow,therehas
not been much progress in mitigating the arsenic problem. Some hydrogeological factors (e.g.
arsenic, salinity and low groundwater levels), deeprooted poverty or other factors prevent market
forcesfromreachingallusers.Theprogressinreachingthepoorhasbeenlessencouraging.
Pourashavas
Out of 308 Pourashavas 120 have piped water supply, the remaining Pourashavas are covered by
mostlyhandpumptubewells.Intownswithpipedwatersupplyonlythecentralpartiscoveredbythe
pipednetwork.Thepipedwatersupplysystem is inefficient itsuppliesonly2to12hoursperday.
ThemanagementandO&Marepoorlowbillingandcollectionefficiencies.
Critical Issues Rural water supply
About 29% of shallow tubewells and 4% deep tubewells are found to be contaminated withbacteria. The main reasons are improper sanitary protection of tubewell surroundings, pooroperations and maintenance and improper handling of stored water in house. Preventativemeasures like Water Safety Plans (WSP) is essential to deliver safe water.
Baseline survey conducted by UPI in 2005 revealed that 79% tubewells are in running order.The number of private wells is 9 times higher than community ones. Community wells grosslycover 43% of the hardcore poor; the coverage varies from region to region.
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Cities
OutofthesixmetropolitancitiesDhakaandChittagongareunderWASAs.ThecoverageofDhakaand
Chittagong is about 57%. Recently Khulna is in the process of being covered under a WASA. In
remaining cities the City Corporation are responsible. Dhaka WASA does maintain a positive cash
balance and is able to generate some investment funds, but Chittagong WASA only covers its
operatingexpenses.Unaccountedforwaterstandscurrentlyat50%inDhakaand30%inChittagong.
Sanitation
The national baseline survey carried out in 2003 showed national coverage of 33% with hygienic
latrines (rural 29%, pourashava 53% and cities 70%) and another 25% with hygienic latrines. The
remaining58%populationpracticeopendefecation.Thesestatisticsshowsmassive threat topublic
healthandenvironment.ToimprovethissituationtheGovernmentofBangladeshhassetthenational
target of achieving one hundred percent sanitation coverage by 2010 and made strategies with
financialearmarking(i.e.20%ADPallocationtoLGIforsanitation).Sincethentherearetremendous
progresscomparedtothestagnantgrowth(about1%peryearinthe80sand90s.In2007thenational
sanitationcoverageis84%(rural84%,pourashavas87%andcities84%).Theannualgrowthratewas
Critical Issues Pourashava WS
Absence of demand management: Level of consumption is not a function of price but onavailability of supply.
Inadequate cost recovery:Low tariff and low collection results in covering only part of the O&Mcosts.
Political influence: Majorities of the defaulters are the influential people and public offices; beingafraid of losing popularity many pourashava leaders are reluctant to enforce payment
Insufficient service provision: small number of service connections, frustrating economies ofscale principles
Lack of autonomy: Pourashavas lack authority even to take operating decisions.
Critical Issues large cities
The ground water source in Dhaka is declining at a critical rate. New surface water sources(requiring high investment and operating costs) are now required. Chittagong is also facingwater source problem.
Although WASAs have higher autonomy than Pourashava, they need further decision makingpowers.
The operating efficiencies need to be drastically improved. For example the number ofemployees is high (17 per 1000 connections as compared to a desired target of 8). Huge
unaccounted for water (UfW) as well as non revenue water (NRW). About 35% of the urban population of the six metropolitan cities lives in slums (Slums in Urban
Bangladesh: Mapping and Census 2005). Most of them are deprived of water supply (andsanitation). A study carried out by Dhaka WASA in 2007 shows that in slums present watersupply coverage is 69% and sanitation is 48% only.
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rural22%,pourashava9%andcities6%.Theurbansanitationcoverageinlargecitiesareless60%in
Chittagongand82%inDhakaWASAsareas.
RecentDevelopments
The recent development in the sector will be considered for their influence in the SDP. Some new
developmentinthesectorissummarizedintheboxbelow.
Critical Issues sanitation
Challenges still remaining are to address are that (i) hardcore poor especially those who do nothave enough land for latrine construction, (ii) some unwilling people difficult to motivate forlatrine use, (iii) technically difficult places like flood prone areas and hilly areas where water isscarce and (iv) providing sanitation facilities in public places.
Sludge emptying or relocation of pits is a serious issue concerning sustained use of latrines. Sustainability, both in terms of latrine use and good hygiene practice, is a vital concern. Analysis of the growth trends of sanitation coverage of city corporations (with are high density
areas), particularly that of Dhaka show that they will not be able to achieve 100 % coverage bythe year 2010 if they continue making progress at this rate. Thus, different approaches are
needed in high-density urban areas which are lagging at this moment.
With more people living in urban areas in future, increasing the population density theenvironmental situation will further degrade, especially in the urban slums.
What is new related to the sector?
Introduction of Mid Term Budget Framework (similar to MTEF); by FY 2008-09 twelve ministriesof GOB including LGD is preparing MTBF for a 3-year time frameCommencement of SWAp in the education sub-sector - PEDP II with indication of early successInitiation of quasi SWAp type in LGD i.e. the Danida supported WSSPS IIRecent increased influx of aid in urban areas ADB and World Bank in DPHE and LGEDDutch coming back in the sector BRACs WASH projectIncreased GOB financing to small towns with emphasis on environmental and social issues new piped water supply schemes for upazila headquartersInnovative approaches HYSAWA Project LG based decentralized project, LGSP, etc.Attention to urban slums Dhaka WASAs Low-Income Community WSS project, Unicefsproject, etc.Many NGOs aligning towards LGI (NGO-F, DASCOH, WaterAid)GOB directive on CHT and increased aid flow to CHT (e.g. UNDP)Recent screening for climate change for WSS reveals that many installations are at high risk.Creation of Multi Donor Fund for Climate Change. GOB already allocated Taka 30 crore forClimate Change and donors are committing substantial amounts.
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4.2 PreparationfortheInceptionWorkshop
ThefirstmajoreventinthisstudywillbetheInceptionWorkshop.Itisscheduledon4March2009in
the auditorium of LGED. In order to ensure participation of the sector partners the workshop is
organizedattheonsetofthestudy.
The workshop will discuss the highlights of the present SDP, the areas of revision and update and
importantlythemethodologyoftheassignment.Themainobjectivesoftheworkshopare:
Introducetheassignmenttothestakeholdersandhighlightitsimportanceinthenationaldevelopmentagenda
ToinvolvethemajorstakeholdersintheSDPrevisionprocess Todiscussandvalidatethemethodologyoftheassignment ObtainfeedbacksspecificallyonwhotomaketherevisedSDPmoreoperational Toinformsomeinitialfindingsoftheassignmentliketheviewsofstakeholdersinsector
finance
WeexpectedthattheHonorableMinisterfortheMinistryofLocalGovernment,RuralDevelopment&
Cooperatives(LGRD&C),Mr.SyedAshraful Islam,MPwillattendasthechiefguest.HonorableState
MinisterforLGRD&C,Mr.JahangirKabirNanak,MPwouldbethespecialguest.Mr.ShaikhKhurshid
Alam, Secretary, Local Government Division would also be a special guest. Mr. Md. Lukman Hakim
Talukder, Joint Secretary (Water Supply), Local Government Division would chair the occasion.
Dignitarieslikeambassadorsandheadofmultimaterialagenciesisexpectedtogracetheoccasion.
We have contract an event management company, Expressions Limited, to manage this important
event.Allnecessarybackgroundandpreparationworksbeingcarriedout.
AbackgroundnoteontheInceptionWorkshopandtheworkshopscheduleisgivenAnnexC.
4.3 Stakeholderssurveytools
Inthe
Methodology
Section
(section
3.6)
we
have
described
the
importance
stakeholder
consultation,
hadidentifiedthemajorstakeholdergroupsanddiscussedhowwewhattocarryouttheconsultation
process.
Wewillcarryoutsystematicsurveyof theviews, theirprogrammesand fundingstatus.For thiswe
havepreparedthefollowingsurveytools
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StakeholderConsultationToolsStakeholdersGroup Tools Remarks
Donors Questionnaire
(Finalversion,seeAnnexD)
Writtenresponseanddiscussion
withtheheadofthesection
responsibleforWSS
LocalGovernmentDivision Checklist(draft,seeAnnexE)
Discussionwithhighlevelofficials,SecretaryandtheJoint
Secretary
CHTMinistry Checklist
(draft,seeAnnexF)
Discussionwithhighlevel
officials,SecretaryandtheJoint
Secretary
ThequestionnairesfordonorsarealreadycirculatedbytheProjectDirector,PSUandwearefollowing
upwiththedonors.
4.3
Subjects
of
revision
WepresentedourinitialassessmentofthesectorinSection4.1.Wewillcarryoutfurtherreviewand
analysis.AsmentionedintheTORidentifyingthesubjectsofSDPreviewandrevisionisacriticaltask.
Atthisstageofthestudy,andbasedonourassessmentmadesofar,weareproposingsomesubjects
of review. We had presented and discussed these subjects with a team consisting of the Project
Director, PSU other PSU members, Mr. Shams Uddin Ahmed, Deputy Secretary (WS), LGD and Mr.
ShamsulGafurMahmud,AssistantChiefEngineer,DPHE,Mr.Waliul Islam,PD,HYSAWAProject,on
twooccasions.Theirvaluablecommentsareincorporated.Table2showsthedraftsubjectsofreview
andrevision:itisdividedinto
generalsubjects, specificsubjectsand specificsubjectsbutnotincludednTOR.
Afurtherrefinementofthesubjectsofrevisionwillbemadeattheendofphase2.
Table2DraftSubjectsofReviewandRevision
Key
Subjects
Revision
(addition)Review
(Modify
existing)
Short
Description
GENERALSUBJECTS
1. PolicyFramework Reviewandupdate,ifrequiredRisksandAssumptionsofSDP
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KeySubjects Revision
(addition)
Review
(Modify
existing)
ShortDescription
2. UpdateSDP2005data
Reviewandupdate,ifrequired
3. StrategicDevelopmentPlan
forRural,
Pourashavasand
LargeCities(a4th
onemaybeforCHT)
Reviewandupdate,ifrequired
4. CapacityBuildingandTransitionPlan
Reviewandupdate,ifrequired
5. SectorInvestmentPlan
Reviewandupdate,ifrequired
EvaluatepossiblecontributionsfromGOB,private
sector,NGOsandindividuals
Assessinstitutionalcapacitiesofgovernment
agenciestohandletheinvestments,PrepareaCMP
SPECIFICSUBJECTS
6. SWAp DefinetheSector,AssumptionsandRiskanalysisDonorharmonizationandalignment;roleofNGOs
7. ChittagongHillTracts
Policies,implementationmodalities;different
technologychoices;differentcommunity
participationandinstitutionalarrangements;CHT
ministry
8. ObjectivesandtargetsofSDP
Inlinewiththegovernmentmandate
9. WaterSafetyFramework
FurtherincorporatingWSPintothesectoractivities
10.ArsenicProblem Specific actionplanforarsenicmitigation;strategy11.Technologychoices
andtechnology
mixes
Forshort,mediumandlongterm;differenttypesof
technologiesaccordingtotechnicalrequirement,
levelofserviceandaffordability
12.Emergingtechnicalproblems
Groundwaterlevellowering,surfacewater,water
qualityissues
13.Urbansanitation Appropriatetechnologies;alternativetoconventionalsewer,addressingurbanpoor
14.Underservedpopulation
Lowincomecommunities,hardcorepoorand
geographicallydifficulttoreachpeople; water
scareareasDAP,(saline,excessiveironorwhereis
nofeasiblewatersource)
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KeySubjects Revision
(addition)
Review
(Modify
existing)
ShortDescription
15.Genderandcrosscuttingissues
Policies,institutionallinkagesandcapacitybuilding
regardinggenderandcrosscuttingissues
16.WorkingmodalitieswithUpazilaandZila
Parishad
WorkingmodalitieswithUZandUP;rolesand
divisionofworksbetweengovt.andlocal
government
17.ProcessFrameworkforPreparationof
WSSProjects
TheFrameworkwilloutlinethemainprocessthat
allprojectsinthesectorshouldfollow.Thiswill
ensurethatallnewprojectsarewithaagreed
commonframeworkoftheSDP;Thecomponentsof
theframeworkwillincludeparticipationand
consultationprocess,financing,technologychoices
guidelines,environmentalissues,socialassessment,
implementationmodalitiesandrolesfordifferent
stakeholders,monitoringandevaluation,etc.
18.Investmentpackages
Dividingthetotalinvestmentintoanumberof
investmentpackagesintheformofprogrammeor
projectswhichdonorsorgovernmentmaypickto
finance;thiswillmaketheSDPanoperational
SPECIFICSUBJECTSBUTNOTINCLUDEDINTOR
19.Economicreview EconomicreviewandaligningSDPtomacroeconomicaspectslikegrowthrate,education,
industrialization,
globalization,
etc;
investment
efficiencies;politicaleconomyanditsimpactonthe
sector
20.ClimateChange MitigationandadaptationmeasuresDisastermanagement
21.PrivateSectorParticipation
Roleofprivatesectorandwaystoincrease
participation;modalitiesofprivatesector
participationandrolesofotherpartnerslikegovt.,
LGIandNGOs;legalissues
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5. OutstandingIssues
Wehave
identified
some
issues
that
need
review
and
decisions.
These
are
mentioned
below.
5.1 Agreementonthesubjectsofrevision
InSection4 (Table2)wehavesuggesteddraftsubjectsofrevision.PSUhadmadesomesuggestion
and thesubjectsareadjustedaccordingly.TORofourstudymentions that thesesubjectswouldbe
reviewed by the subcommittee. We would request for an early approval of the subjects. This will
enable us to focus our course of actions and adjust the mix and timing of the inputs of individual
consultants.
5.2 AdditionalStaffrequirement
The subjects of revision show that the study needs to concentrate on several areas. However, the
consultant positions that we have proposed and is in our contract (the positions and expertise
requiredareaccordingtotheTOR)doesnothavealltheexpertise,experienceortimeallocationsto
carryouttasksforthosesubjects.Thussomeadditionalconsultantstaffsarerequired ifwewantto
addressthesubjects,especiallytheonesnotincludedintheTOR.
Inthe followingTableweproposereviewandapprovaloftheadditionalconsultantstaffs (positions
andtimeframe).
RequirementofadditionalconsultantstaffPosition Staffmonth
inPhase1
Staffmonth
inPhase2
TotalStaff
month
1. Economist 2 4 62. SAWpExpert 1 3 43. CHTExpert 2 4 64. ClimateChangeExpert 1 2 35. PPPExpert 3 3
Total 6 16 22
WeareawarethatsomedonoragencieslikeDfIDmayprovidesomestaffs/consultantstosupportthisstudy.Obtainingsupportfromthoseagencieswouldtakesometime,perhapsmorethanamonth.As
addressing thesubjects isneeded rightnow,we request toallowus toaddnewconsultants inour
contract.TheCVsoftheproposedconsultantswillbesubmittedforPSUsapproval.
5.3 Agreementontheconsultationprocess
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Proper stakeholderconsultation is oneof the fundamentals forpreparing theSecondSDP. Wehad
assessedtherequirementandproposedaconsultationprocesswhich includesorganizingworkshops
indifferentregionsandinDhaka.DetailsaregiveninSection3.6.
Werequesttokindlyreviewandapprovetheconsultationprocess,especiallytheworkshopsbecause
thosehavebudgetimplications(mentionedbelow)
5.4. WorkPlanandManningSchedule
TheworkplanisgiveninAnnexGandthemanningscheduleinAnnexG
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6. AdditionalBudget
Therequirement
of
additional
consultant
staff
and
workshops
for
the
consultant
process
isdescribed
inSection5.2andSection5.3,respectively.Theadditionalbudgetrequirementsareshownbelow.
CostsforadditionalconsultantstaffItems Quantity Rate(Taka) Amount(Taka)
Economist 6 180,000 1,080,000
SAWpExpert 4 120,000 480,000
CHTExpert 6 120,000 720,000
ClimateChangeExpert 3 120,000 360,000
PPPExpert 3 120,000 360,000
Total 22
3,000,000
CostsforconsultativeworkshopsItems Quantity Rate(Taka) Amount(Taka)
RegionalWorkshop 4 50,000 200,000
ThematicWorkshop 7 50,000 350,000
Total 10 550,000
TORmentionsoforganizingthreenationalworkshopsforwhichabudgetofTaka600,000 isfixed in
thecontract.ThefirstInceptionWorkshop ina lessexpensivevenue isestimatedtocostaboutTaka
600,000.Theother twoworkshopswithmoreparticipantswouldcosthigher.Thecostof the three
nationalworkshopsisestimatedbelow.
CostsfornationalworkshopsItems Quantity Rate(Taka) Amount(Taka)
InceptionWorkshop 1 600,000 600,000
SecondNationalWorkshop 1 800,000 800,000
ThirdNationalWorkshop 1 800,000 800,000
Total 3
2,200,000
TheestimatedtotalcostoftheconsultativeworkshopsandnationalworkshopsisTaka2,750,000.We
suggesttoconsidertakingtheworkshopbudgetofoutofourcontractandbebornedirectlybyPSU.