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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 472 030 PS 030 888 AUTHOR Zehnder-Merrell, Jane TITLE Kids Count in Michigan Data Book, 2002: County Profiles of Child and Family Well-Being. INSTITUTION Kids Count in Michigan, Lansing.; Michigan League for Human Services, Lansing. SPONS AGENCY Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.; Kellogg Foundation, Battle Creek, MI. PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 216p.; Pranab Rajbhandari and Jim Lunday secured and compiled the data. For the 2001 Data Book, see ED 458 978. Also funded by the Skillman Foundation, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation, as well as United Ways. AVAILABLE FROM Kids Count in Michigan, Michigan League for Human Services, 1115 South Pennsylvania Ave., Suite 202, Lansing, MI 48912- 1658 ($15, plus $3 shipping and handling). Tel: 800-837-5436 (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.milhs.org. PUB TYPE Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) -- Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; *Adolescents; Asthma; At Risk Persons; Birth Weight; Child Abuse; Child Care; Child Health; Child Neglect; Child Safety; Child Support; Child Welfare; *Children; Congenital Impairments; Costs; *Counties; Demography; Disabilities; Dropout Rate; Early Adolescents; Early Parenthood; Economically' Disadvantaged; Elementary Secondary Education; Family Structure; Health Insurance; Infant Mortality; Lead Poisoning; Lunch Programs; Mortality Rate; Outcomes of Education; Poverty; Prenatal Care; Preschool Education; Racial Differences; Reading Skills; Safety; *Social Indicators; Special Education; State Norms; State Surveys; Statistical Data; Tables (Data); Trend Analysis; Violence; *Well Being; Youth Problems IDENTIFIERS Arrests; Child Mortality; *Indicators; *Michigan; Out of Home Care; Vaccination ABSTRACT This KIDS COUNT data book for 2002 examines statewide and county level trends in the well-being of Michigan's children. The statistical portrait is based on the following: (1) demographics; (2) juvenile arrests; (3) teen births; (4) children of two working parents; (5) child care costs; (6) child care capacity; (7) children in subsidized child care; (8) children in families receiving FIP (Family Independence Program) cash assistance; (9) food stamps enrollment; (10) merit scholars; (11) child support; (12) health insurance; (13) lead poisoning/asthma; (14) birth defects; (15) special education; (16) children receiving SSI; (17) children in poverty; (18) children receiving free/reduced lunches; (19) less than adequate prenatal care; (20) low birthweight; (21) infant mortality; (22) child deaths; (23) families investigated for abuse; (24) victims of abuse/neglect; (25) children in out-of-home care; (26) teen deaths; (27) high school dropouts; and (28) academic performance in the sciences. Introductory comments note the data book's focus on adolescents. Section one describes what is new and different Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the oriainal document.

(SD) - ERIC · 2014-06-30 · DOCUMENT RESUME. ED 472 030 PS 030 888. AUTHOR Zehnder-Merrell, Jane TITLE Kids ... Jim Lunday, and Sharon Parks from the Michigan League for Human Services:

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  • DOCUMENT RESUME

    ED 472 030 PS 030 888

    AUTHOR Zehnder-Merrell, Jane

    TITLE Kids Count in Michigan Data Book, 2002: County Profiles ofChild and Family Well-Being.

    INSTITUTION Kids Count in Michigan, Lansing.; Michigan League for HumanServices, Lansing.

    SPONS AGENCY Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.; KelloggFoundation, Battle Creek, MI.

    PUB DATE 2002-00-00NOTE 216p.; Pranab Rajbhandari and Jim Lunday secured and compiled

    the data. For the 2001 Data Book, see ED 458 978. Also fundedby the Skillman Foundation, Blue Cross and Blue Shield ofMichigan Foundation, as well as United Ways.

    AVAILABLE FROM Kids Count in Michigan, Michigan League for Human Services,1115 South Pennsylvania Ave., Suite 202, Lansing, MI 48912-1658 ($15, plus $3 shipping and handling). Tel: 800-837-5436(Toll Free); Web site: http://www.milhs.org.

    PUB TYPE Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) -- Reports Descriptive(141)

    EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC09 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; *Adolescents; Asthma; At Risk Persons;

    Birth Weight; Child Abuse; Child Care; Child Health; ChildNeglect; Child Safety; Child Support; Child Welfare;*Children; Congenital Impairments; Costs; *Counties;Demography; Disabilities; Dropout Rate; Early Adolescents;Early Parenthood; Economically' Disadvantaged; ElementarySecondary Education; Family Structure; Health Insurance;Infant Mortality; Lead Poisoning; Lunch Programs; MortalityRate; Outcomes of Education; Poverty; Prenatal Care;Preschool Education; Racial Differences; Reading Skills;Safety; *Social Indicators; Special Education; State Norms;State Surveys; Statistical Data; Tables (Data); TrendAnalysis; Violence; *Well Being; Youth Problems

    IDENTIFIERS Arrests; Child Mortality; *Indicators; *Michigan; Out of HomeCare; Vaccination

    ABSTRACT

    This KIDS COUNT data book for 2002 examines statewide andcounty level trends in the well-being of Michigan's children. The statisticalportrait is based on the following: (1) demographics; (2) juvenile arrests;(3) teen births; (4) children of two working parents; (5) child care costs;(6) child care capacity; (7) children in subsidized child care; (8) childrenin families receiving FIP (Family Independence Program) cash assistance; (9)food stamps enrollment; (10) merit scholars; (11) child support; (12) healthinsurance; (13) lead poisoning/asthma; (14) birth defects; (15) specialeducation; (16) children receiving SSI; (17) children in poverty; (18)children receiving free/reduced lunches; (19) less than adequate prenatalcare; (20) low birthweight; (21) infant mortality; (22) child deaths; (23)families investigated for abuse; (24) victims of abuse/neglect; (25) childrenin out-of-home care; (26) teen deaths; (27) high school dropouts; and (28)academic performance in the sciences. Introductory comments note the databook's focus on adolescents. Section one describes what is new and different

    Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the oriainal document.

  • in this year's data book. Sections two through five present current data inthe areas of economic security, child health, child safety, and adolescence.Sections six and seven focus on state profiles. The remainder of the databook contains data on Michigan's 83 counties. The data book concludes withdata notes and source information. (SD)

    Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

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  • kids Births to Michigan Teens:

  • Average Annual Number of Live Births

    Age < 18 Ages 18-19 Total Births under Age 20

    1990-92 1994-96 1998-00 1990-92 1994-96 1998-00 1990-92 1994-96 1998.00

    Lenawee 63 54 47 135 95 97 198 149 145Livingston 29 27 24 66 59 63 95 85 87Luce 5 5 3 8 9 6 13 14 8

    Mackinac 5 6 5 10 14 11 15 20 16Macomb 189 204 158 464 418 438 653 622 597Manistee 10 8 10 20 24 21 31 32 31

    Marquette 25 22 13 66 49 38 92 71 51Mason 13 21 19 34 29 39 47 49 58Mecosta 18 19 17 49 45 43 67 64 59Menominee 10 11 11 25 23 26 35 34 37Midland 28 21 28 72 53 59 99 74 87Missaukee 7 8 8 15 17 21 23 25 29Monroe 81 83 55 154 136 141 234 219 196Montcalm 41 43 39 99 89 81 139 132 120Montmorency 5 4 4 9 11 9 14 15 13Muskegon 186 171 157 270 247 248 456 418 405Newaygo 32 35 33 66 58 68 98 93 101Oakland 406 367 285 779 643 590 1,185 1,010 875Oceana 20 23 21 30 40 39 50 64, 60Ogemaw 14 11 9 30 21 24 44 32 33Ontonagon 4 3 2 12 5 4 16 8 6Osceola 13 15 12 38 27 26 50 42 37Oscoda 4 6 5 8 7 9 11 13 14Otsego 9 7 8 26 24 26 35 31 34Ottawa 86 98 105 174 173 212 259 270 317Presque Isle 2 5 6 8 11 14 10 16 20Roscommon 12 10 7 31 19 26 43 29 33Saginaw 257 214 152 394 282 259 651 496 411St. Clair 77 86 76 173 161 158 250 247 234St. Joseph 54 52 39 90 87 97 144 139 135Sanilac 19 16 20 41 48 42 59 64 62Schoolcraft 3 5 2 10 7 12 14 12 14Shiawassee 44 41 36 91 84 78 135 124 113Tuscola 30 33 24 67 62 69 97 95 93Van Buren 67 70 54 134 120 107 201 190 161Washtenaw 119 101 80 228 190 182 347 291 262Wayne 2,737 2,150 1,537 4,195 3,089 2,619 6,932 5,240 4,156Wexford 17 20 22 38 35 42 55 55 63

    Detroit 2,235 1,637 1,157 3,184 2,181 1,758 5,419 3,819 2,915

    Kids Count in Michigan Data Book 2002 5

    BEST COPY AVAHABLE

    t il/kc2002/D AD02/ 1 1 /12/02

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    rces

    204

  • Fore

    wor

    d

    Thi

    s da

    ta b

    ook

    mar

    ks th

    e te

    nth

    annu

    alre

    port

    on

    child

    wel

    l-be

    ing

    for

    Mic

    higa

    nan

    d its

    cou

    ntie

    s. A

    lthou

    gh a

    ll of

    thes

    eda

    ta a

    re p

    ublic

    ly a

    vaila

    ble

    and

    now

    , in

    man

    y ca

    ses,

    on

    the

    inte

    rnet

    , thi

    s re

    port

    prov

    ides

    a o

    ne-s

    top

    data

    sho

    p by

    com

    pilin

    g ke

    y da

    ta a

    bout

    chi

    ldre

    n fr

    omm

    ultip

    le s

    ourc

    es in

    to p

    rofi

    les

    for

    the

    stat

    e an

    d ea

    ch o

    f its

    cou

    ntie

    s.

    Cou

    nty

    prof

    iles

    incl

    ude

    the

    econ

    omic

    circ

    umst

    ance

    s in

    whi

    ch c

    hild

    ren

    live,

    the

    num

    ber

    of d

    eath

    s am

    ong

    child

    ren,

    the

    num

    ber

    of y

    outh

    dro

    ppin

    g ou

    t of

    high

    sch

    ool,

    the

    num

    ber

    of te

    ens

    havi

    ng b

    abie

    s, a

    nd th

    e nu

    mbe

    r of

    child

    ren

    in th

    e ju

    veni

    le ju

    stic

    e or

    chi

    ldw

    elfa

    re s

    yste

    ms.

    By

    show

    ing

    tren

    dsan

    d ra

    nkin

    gs, t

    he p

    rofi

    les

    prov

    ide

    cont

    ext f

    or th

    e co

    re K

    ids

    Cou

    ntin

    dica

    tors

    , suc

    h as

    teen

    inju

    ry d

    eath

    san

    d in

    fant

    mor

    talit

    y.

    Kid

    s C

    ount

    res

    pond

    s to

    the

    need

    for

    easi

    ly a

    cces

    sibl

    e an

    d tim

    ely

    data

    at t

    hest

    ate

    and

    loca

    l lev

    el. T

    his

    info

    rmat

    ion

    is c

    ritic

    al to

    the

    form

    atio

    n of

    dec

    isio

    nsab

    out p

    olic

    ies,

    pro

    gram

    s an

    d ex

    pend

    i-tu

    res

    to im

    prov

    e th

    e ci

    rcum

    stan

    ces

    ofch

    ildre

    n in

    Mic

    higa

    n. T

    his

    repo

    rt

    00

    cons

    titut

    es a

    com

    preh

    ensi

    ve c

    ompi

    la-

    tion

    of c

    hild

    wel

    l-be

    ing

    info

    rmat

    ion

    used

    by

    deci

    sion

    -mak

    ers

    at th

    e st

    ate

    and

    coun

    ty le

    vels

    , as

    wel

    l as

    advo

    cate

    s,gr

    ant w

    rite

    rs, a

    nd p

    rogr

    am p

    lann

    ers.

    Its

    annu

    al r

    elea

    se a

    lso

    prov

    ides

    an

    oppo

    rtun

    ity to

    rev

    iew

    the

    big

    pict

    ure,

    toas

    sess

    an

    over

    view

    of

    child

    wel

    l-be

    ing

    in th

    e st

    ate

    and

    coun

    ties,

    and

    toex

    amin

    e th

    ose

    area

    s w

    here

    the

    num

    bers

    show

    a lo

    ss o

    r ga

    in in

    the

    effo

    rts

    tobu

    ild b

    ette

    r liv

    es f

    or k

    ids

    in th

    e st

    ate

    and

    our

    com

    mun

    ities

    .

    Thi

    s ye

    ar's

    foc

    us o

    n ad

    oles

    cenc

    e al

    sopr

    ovid

    es a

    n op

    port

    unity

    to c

    eleb

    rate

    the

    trem

    endo

    us im

    prov

    emen

    t in

    Mic

    higa

    non

    sev

    eral

    mea

    sure

    s su

    ch a

    s te

    en b

    irth

    s,ju

    veni

    le a

    rres

    ts, a

    nd te

    en in

    jury

    dea

    ths,

    whi

    le e

    xam

    inin

    g in

    mor

    e de

    tail

    som

    e of

    the

    issu

    es f

    or y

    oung

    Mic

    higa

    n ad

    oles

    -ce

    nts

    in th

    e m

    iddl

    e gr

    ades

    and

    way

    sth

    ey c

    ould

    be

    addr

    esse

    d. M

    ichi

    gan

    Mid

    dle

    Star

    t sur

    vey

    data

    sho

    w th

    atm

    any

    yout

    h st

    rugg

    le to

    suc

    ceed

    acad

    emic

    ally

    , yet

    , in

    man

    y ca

    ses,

    the

    reso

    urce

    s an

    d su

    ppor

    ts th

    ey n

    eed

    toac

    com

    plis

    h th

    is g

    oal a

    re n

    ot a

    vaila

    ble.

    As

    the

    nece

    ssity

    for

    suc

    cess

    ful c

    ompl

    e-

    tion

    of a

    K-1

    2 ed

    ucat

    ion

    incr

    ease

    s in

    orde

    r to

    be

    a co

    mpe

    titiv

    e w

    orke

    r in

    the

    glob

    al e

    cono

    my,

    sta

    te a

    nd c

    omm

    unity

    reso

    urce

    s m

    ust b

    e di

    rect

    ed to

    ass

    istin

    gm

    ore

    yout

    h ac

    hiev

    e as

    lear

    ners

    dur

    ing

    this

    cri

    tical

    per

    iod.

    Deb

    orah

    Str

    ong

    Cha

    ir, K

    ids

    Cou

    nt in

    Mic

    higa

    nA

    dvis

    ory

    Com

    mitt

    ee

    "ft-

    - ^"

    Kid

    s C

    ount

    in M

    ichi

    gan

    2002

    Dat

    a B

    ook

    3

  • Wha

    t's N

    ew th

    is Y

    ear

    Thi

    s re

    port

    rep

    rese

    nts

    the

    tent

    h an

    nual

    Kid

    s C

    ount

    in M

    ichi

    gan

    Dat

    a B

    ook

    focu

    sed

    on m

    easu

    ring

    chi

    ld w

    ell-

    bein

    gfo

    r M

    ichi

    gan

    and

    its 8

    3 co

    untie

    s. O

    ver

    the

    year

    s m

    ost k

    ey tr

    end

    mea

    sure

    s ha

    vere

    mai

    ned

    cons

    iste

    nt, b

    ut c

    hang

    es a

    rem

    ade

    as n

    ew d

    ata

    beco

    me

    avai

    labl

    e an

    dm

    easu

    res

    are

    mod

    ifie

    d to

    foc

    us o

    n a

    wid

    er o

    r na

    rrow

    er a

    ge g

    roup

    , as

    is th

    eca

    se th

    is y

    ear

    with

    teen

    bir

    ths

    and

    child

    ren

    test

    ed f

    or le

    ad p

    oiso

    ning

    . The

    follo

    win

    g di

    scus

    sion

    out

    lines

    the

    chan

    ges

    in th

    e co

    unty

    pro

    file

    s th

    is y

    ear

    and

    som

    e of

    the

    reas

    ons

    for

    thos

    ech

    ange

    s.

    Cou

    nty

    Pro

    file:

    Bac

    kgro

    und

    Pag

    e

    With

    the

    focu

    s on

    ado

    lesc

    ence

    in th

    isye

    ar's

    rep

    ort,

    tren

    ds f

    or tw

    o m

    easu

    res

    of y

    outh

    wel

    l-be

    ing

    are

    high

    light

    ed o

    nth

    e co

    unty

    pro

    file

    bac

    kgro

    und

    page

    s:ju

    veni

    le a

    rres

    ts f

    or in

    dex

    crim

    es(v

    iole

    nt a

    nd p

    rope

    rty)

    and

    teen

    bir

    ths,

    ages

    15-

    19. T

    hese

    are

    two

    criti

    cal

    mea

    sure

    s fo

    r w

    hich

    alm

    ost a

    ll co

    untie

    sco

    llect

    dat

    a.

    Juve

    nile

    Arr

    ests

    : For

    the

    past

    few

    year

    s, a

    rres

    t dat

    a ha

    ve n

    ot b

    een

    incl

    uded

    as

    a "t

    rend

    " in

    dica

    tor

    beca

    use

    of a

    lack

    of

    cons

    ensu

    s ab

    out

    whe

    ther

    incr

    ease

    s in

    arr

    ests

    wer

    e

    good

    or

    bad.

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    ethe

    less

    , tre

    nds

    inju

    veni

    le a

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    ts p

    rovi

    de a

    n in

    sigh

    t as

    to th

    e nu

    mbe

    r of

    you

    th c

    onta

    cts

    with

    the

    crim

    inal

    just

    ice

    syst

    em in

    aco

    unty

    and

    the

    kind

    s of

    off

    ense

    sth

    ese

    cont

    acts

    rep

    rese

    nt. A

    rres

    tpo

    licie

    s of

    ten

    diff

    er d

    ram

    atic

    ally

    amon

    g co

    mm

    uniti

    es; a

    n of

    fens

    e m

    ayre

    sult

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    war

    ning

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    ntal

    mee

    ting

    in o

    ne c

    omm

    unity

    and

    an

    arre

    st in

    ano

    ther

    . The

    arr

    est m

    easu

    res

    dist

    ingu

    ish

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    een

    thos

    e fo

    r in

    dex

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    lent

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    fens

    es th

    at in

    volv

    ed h

    arm

    to o

    ther

    peo

    ple

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    ppos

    ed to

    prop

    erty

    off

    ense

    s.

    Tee

    n B

    irths

    :B

    irth

    s to

    hig

    h-sc

    hool

    -ag

    ed te

    ens

    aged

    15-

    17 h

    ave

    been

    the

    focu

    s of

    Kid

    s C

    ount

    dat

    a at

    the

    natio

    nal a

    nd s

    tate

    leve

    l, bu

    t thi

    s ye

    arda

    ta f

    or 1

    8 an

    d 19

    yea

    r-ol

    ds h

    ave

    also

    bee

    n in

    clud

    ed.

    Oth

    er "

    new

    " or

    alte

    red

    com

    pone

    nts

    on th

    e ba

    ckgr

    ound

    pag

    e in

    clud

    e th

    efo

    llow

    ing:

    Chi

    ldre

    n un

    der

    the

    age

    of 6

    with

    all

    pare

    nts

    wor

    king

    :T

    his

    num

    ber

    from

    the

    Cen

    sus

    2000

    prov

    ides

    a r

    ough

    est

    imat

    e of

    the

    num

    ber

    of c

    hild

    ren

    who

    may

    nee

    dfu

    ll-tim

    e ch

    ild c

    are.

    Whi

    le tw

    o-pa

    rent

    hou

    seho

    lds

    can

    som

    etim

    esba

    lanc

    e th

    eir

    wor

    k an

    d pa

    rent

    ing

    4K

    ids

    Cou

    nt in

    Mic

    higa

    n 20

    02 D

    ata

    Boo

    k

    resp

    onsi

    bilit

    ies

    to a

    void

    the

    need

    for

    non-

    pare

    ntal

    chi

    ld c

    are,

    sin

    gle

    pare

    nts

    ofte

    n do

    not

    hav

    e th

    is o

    ptio

    n.T

    his

    issu

    e ta

    kes

    on a

    dded

    sig

    nifi

    -ca

    nce

    whe

    n it

    is c

    onsi

    dere

    d th

    at o

    neof

    eve

    ry f

    our

    child

    ren

    in M

    ichi

    gan

    lived

    in a

    sin

    gle-

    pare

    nt f

    amily

    acco

    rdin

    g to

    the

    U.S

    . Cen

    sus

    2000

    .L

    ow-i

    ncom

    e fa

    mili

    es o

    ften

    fac

    ead

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    nal c

    onst

    rain

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    ause

    d by

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    ftw

    ork

    or c

    hang

    ing

    sche

    dule

    s th

    atlim

    it th

    eir

    flex

    ibili

    ty.

    Chi

    ld c

    are

    cost

    s as

    per

    cent

    of

    aver

    age

    wag

    e pe

    r jo

    b:W

    hile

    the

    aver

    age

    cost

    of

    full-

    time

    child

    car

    ere

    pres

    ente

    d 16

    per

    cent

    of

    the

    aver

    age

    wag

    e pe

    r jo

    b, a

    thir

    d of

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    higa

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    w-i

    ncom

    e fa

    mili

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    with

    inco

    me

    unde

    r 20

    0% o

    f po

    vert

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    ho n

    eede

    dto

    pur

    chas

    e ch

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    spen

    t rou

    ghly

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    le th

    e sh

    are

    of in

    com

    e on

    chi

    ldca

    re a

    s hi

    gher

    inco

    me

    fam

    ilies

    ,ac

    cord

    ing

    to th

    e N

    atio

    nal S

    urve

    y of

    Am

    eric

    an F

    amili

    es.

    Reg

    ulat

    ed c

    hild

    car

    e fa

    cilit

    ies:

    In p

    revi

    ous

    year

    s th

    e to

    tal n

    umbe

    r of

    regu

    late

    d "s

    lots

    " in

    the

    thre

    e ki

    nds

    ofch

    ild c

    are

    faci

    litie

    s w

    as p

    rovi

    ded.

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    s ye

    ar th

    e nu

    mbe

    r of

    var

    ious

    faci

    litie

    s pr

    ovid

    ing

    care

    sho

    ws

    the

    rang

    e of

    opt

    ions

    ava

    ilabl

    e to

    fam

    ilies

    in in

    divi

    dual

    cou

    ntie

    s. I

    t is

    also

  • CD

    impo

    rtan

    t to

    note

    that

    reg

    ulat

    ed"c

    apac

    ity"

    can

    diff

    er d

    ram

    atic

    ally

    from

    act

    ual "

    avai

    labi

    lity"

    of

    care

    ; the

    aver

    age

    fam

    ily h

    ome

    prov

    ider

    choo

    ses

    to c

    are

    for

    thre

    e or

    four

    chi

    ldre

    n, n

    ot th

    e si

    x th

    at a

    real

    low

    ed a

    t cap

    acity

    .

    'B

    ased

    on

    anal

    ysis

    of t

    he 1

    999

    Nat

    iona

    l Hou

    seho

    ld

    Edu

    catio

    n S

    urve

    y in

    Est

    imat

    ing

    the

    Size

    and

    Com

    pone

    nts'

    of

    the

    U.S

    . Chi

    ld C

    are

    Wor

    kprc

    e an

    dC

    areg

    ivin

    g Po

    pula

    tion.

    Was

    hing

    ton.

    DC

    . Cen

    ter

    for

    the

    Chi

    ld C

    are

    Wor

    kfor

    ce a

    nd H

    uman

    Ser

    vice

    s

    Pol

    icy

    Cen

    ter.

    May

    . 200

    2. (

    p.42

    ).

    % fu

    ll-da

    y:C

    ente

    rs s

    uppl

    y 70

    perc

    ent o

    f lic

    ense

    d ch

    ild c

    are

    capa

    city

    in M

    ichi

    gan,

    but

    onl

    y ha

    lfth

    ose

    cent

    ers

    offe

    r fu

    ll-da

    ypr

    ogra

    ms.

    As

    stat

    e po

    licie

    s re

    quir

    em

    ore

    wom

    en to

    spe

    nd 4

    0 ho

    urs

    aw

    eek

    in w

    ork

    or w

    ork-

    rela

    ted

    activ

    ities

    in o

    rder

    to q

    ualif

    y fo

    rca

    sh a

    ssis

    tanc

    e, th

    e ne

    ed f

    or m

    ore

    regu

    late

    d fu

    ll-tim

    e ch

    ild c

    are

    optio

    ns w

    ill in

    crea

    se. I

    n or

    der

    tobe

    elig

    ible

    for

    a c

    hild

    car

    e co

    stsu

    bsid

    y, f

    amili

    es m

    ust u

    se r

    egu-

    late

    d ca

    re f

    acili

    ties

    or o

    ne o

    f tw

    o

    spec

    ific

    kin

    ds o

    f un

    regu

    late

    dca

    rea

    rela

    tive

    prov

    idin

    g ca

    re in

    his

    or h

    er o

    wn

    hom

    e or

    an

    aide

    inth

    e ch

    ild's

    hom

    e.

    Chi

    ldre

    n w

    ith a

    Cou

    rt O

    rder

    for

    Chi

    ld S

    uppo

    rt: D

    urin

    g so

    me

    part

    of th

    eir

    grow

    ing

    up y

    ears

    alm

    ost h

    alf

    of th

    e st

    ate'

    s ch

    ildre

    n w

    ill li

    ve in

    asi

    ngle

    par

    ent h

    ouse

    hold

    , thu

    s m

    any

    child

    ren

    depe

    nd o

    n fi

    nanc

    ial s

    uppo

    rtfr

    om a

    non

    -cus

    todi

    al p

    aren

    t to

    sust

    ain

    thei

    r ec

    onom

    ic w

    ell-

    bein

    g at

    som

    e po

    int.

    The

    per

    cent

    of

    non-

    cust

    odia

    l par

    ents

    with

    a s

    uppo

    rtor

    der

    who

    had

    not

    mad

    e an

    y pa

    y-m

    ents

    for

    hal

    f th

    e ye

    ar p

    rovi

    des

    insi

    ght i

    nto

    the

    num

    bers

    of

    child

    ren

    who

    may

    be

    econ

    omic

    ally

    vul

    ner-

    able

    .

    Mic

    higa

    n M

    erit

    Sch

    olar

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    Dat

    a B

    ook

    5

  • Cou

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    lous

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    enzi

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    enaw

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    usco

    la, w

    hile

    am

    ong

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    ount

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    wa

    and

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    saw

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    t 30

    perc

    ent.

    Kid

    s C

    ount

    in M

    ichi

    gan

    2002

    Dat

    a B

    ook

    7

  • Fre

    e an

    d R

    educ

    edP

    riced

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    chSt

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    ee o

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    Stud

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    com

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    $23,

    348

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    nty

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    cond

    high

    est l

    evel

    of

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    r th

    e de

    cade

    onl

    y fo

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    pper

    Peni

    nsul

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    s sa

    w a

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    ein

    pro

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    par

    ticip

    atio

    n at

    fre

    e an

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    d pr

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    Scho

    olcr

    aft,

    Luc

    e,

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    kina

    c an

    d H

    ough

    ton.

    Som

    e of

    the

    mos

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    sper

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    larg

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    s,sp

    ecif

    ical

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    acom

    b an

    d O

    ttaw

    a,su

    stai

    ned

    the

    larg

    est i

    ncre

    ases

    with

    thei

    r pa

    rtic

    ipat

    ion

    rate

    s do

    ublin

    g ov

    erth

    e de

    cade

    . By

    the

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    scho

    olye

    ar, r

    ough

    ly o

    ne in

    fiv

    e M

    acom

    bst

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    Pro

    gram

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    ices

    .

    Chi

    ld C

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    Ear

    lyC

    hild

    hood

    Edu

    catio

    n

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    low

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    oym

    ent r

    ate

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    nt th

    at m

    any

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    oyed

    par

    ents

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    ld f

    ind

    jobs

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    een

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    and

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    0 th

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    are

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    age

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    ith a

    llpa

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    labo

    r fo

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    rose

    13

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    n M

    ichi

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    up

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    54 p

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    ung

    child

    ren

    to 6

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    t. A

    mon

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    nced

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    ise.

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    coun

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    hree

    Liv

    ings

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    e. (

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    ess

    than

    5 p

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    ntov

    er th

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    .)

    Fam

    ilies

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    s ar

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    ten

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    he a

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    and

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    esee

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    for

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    icai

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    t of

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    rty

    leve

    l$25

    ,642

    for

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    amily

    of

    thre

    e in

    2000

    .) M

    any

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    ilies

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    bot

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    two

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    g ch

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    ould

    ess

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    low

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    Man

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    The

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    age

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    an h

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    for

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  • Subs

    idy

    rate

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    nt

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    actu

    al c

    urre

    nt

    cost

    of

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    car

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    adj

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    ent i

    n ba

    sic

    subs

    idy

    rate

    s w

    as

    base

    d on

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    ate

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    ey.

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    or

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    r ch

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    are

    prov

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    urth

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    reat

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    in th

    est

    ate

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    ave

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    spec

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    th a

    nd s

    afet

    y re

    quir

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    ts in

    chi

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    ore

    than

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    es th

    ena

    tiona

    lly r

    ecom

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    load

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    Fam

    ily S

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    ams

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    and

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    ch a

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    e ch

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    has

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    ance

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    prog

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    spr

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    or c

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    w-i

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    Chi

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    Sub

    sidy

    The

    Chi

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    evel

    opm

    ent a

    nd C

    are

    Pro-

    gram

    of

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    n Fa

    mily

    Ind

    epen

    -de

    nce

    Age

    ncy

    assi

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    low

    -inc

    ome

    fam

    ilies

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    s fo

    r th

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    mbe

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    ved

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    cew

    ith c

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    in f

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    ith 3

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    Fam

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    ndep

    ende

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    Prog

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    ecip

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    amili

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    or in

    tran

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    le f

    or 1

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    rcen

    t of

    the

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    imum

    allo

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    leho

    urly

    sub

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    rat

    e (b

    ased

    on

    age

    ofch

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    ype

    of p

    rovi

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    and

    she

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    endl

    and-

    Bow

    yer.

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    on d

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    e in

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    Det

    roit

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    Pre

    ss(A

    ugus

    t 5,

    2002

    ).

    area

    ).5

    The

    ave

    rage

    mon

    thly

    pay

    men

    tpe

    r ch

    ild w

    as $

    291;

    the

    aver

    age

    was

    $570

    per

    fam

    ily.

    The

    maj

    ority

    of

    fam

    ilies

    usi

    ng th

    e ch

    ildca

    re s

    ubsi

    dy q

    ualif

    y fo

    r th

    e su

    ppor

    tba

    sed

    on th

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    inco

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    ize

    with

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    bsid

    y tie

    d to

    a s

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    ale.

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    ith a

    n an

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    unde

    r $2

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    3w

    ould

    qua

    lify

    for

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    f th

    em

    axim

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    ourl

    y su

    bsid

    y ra

    te. (

    At a

    nan

    nual

    inco

    me

    of $

    31,0

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    fam

    ily o

    ffo

    ur w

    ould

    no

    long

    er b

    e el

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    le.)

    6

    Subs

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    rate

    s do

    not

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    rese

    nt th

    eac

    tual

    cur

    rent

    cos

    t of

    child

    car

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    ela

    st a

    djus

    tmen

    t in

    basi

    c su

    bsid

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    tes

    was

    bas

    ed o

    n th

    e 19

    96 m

    arke

    t rat

    esu

    rvey

    . Max

    imum

    rat

    es f

    orpr

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    oole

    rs in

    cen

    ters

    ran

    ge f

    rom

    $1.9

    0 to

    $2.

    50 a

    n ho

    ur; f

    or f

    amily

    ,gr

    oup

    fam

    ily a

    nd r

    elat

    ive

    care

    fro

    m $

    2to

    $2.

    50 a

    n ho

    ur; a

    nd f

    or d

    ay c

    are

    aide

    sfr

    om $

    1.35

    to $

    1.65

    an

    hour

    . To

    expa

    ndth

    e su

    pply

    of

    regu

    late

    d ch

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    for

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    nts

    and

    youn

    g ch

    ildre

    n, a

    n in

    cen-

    tive

    paym

    ent o

    f 15

    -85

    cent

    s an

    hou

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    as in

    stitu

    ted

    for

    the

    care

    of

    infa

    nt a

    ndto

    ddle

    rs (

    unde

    r ag

    e tw

    o an

    d a

    half

    ) in

    cent

    ers

    and

    20-5

    0 ce

    nts

    an h

    our

    infa

    mily

    and

    gro

    up f

    amily

    hom

    es.'

    A tr

    ansi

    tiona

    l thr

    ee m

    onth

    s of

    a 1

    00 p

    erce

    nt

    subs

    idy

    is a

    vaila

    ble

    to H

    P r

    ecip

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    s le

    avin

    g th

    e

    prog

    ram

    with

    em

    ploy

    men

    t.

    As

    annu

    al h

    ouse

    hold

    inco

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    rises

    by

    roug

    hly

    $680

    ($1.

    92 a

    wee

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    he p

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    ntag

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    the

    desi

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    ed

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    rate

    per

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    r dr

    ops

    by 1

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    rcen

    t.

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    es a

    nd r

    elat

    ives

    who

    hav

    e co

    mpl

    eted

    15

    hour

    s

    of b

    asic

    chi

    ld c

    are

    clas

    ses

    appr

    oved

    by

    the

    Mic

    higa

    n 4C

    Ass

    ocia

    tion

    rece

    ive

    an e

    xtra

    25

    cent

    s

    an h

    our

    for

    child

    ren

    unde

    r ag

    e tw

    o an

    d a

    half.

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    se in

    cent

    ives

    beg

    an in

    fis

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    ear

    2001

    and

    hav

    e co

    ntin

    ued

    to b

    e fu

    nded

    thro

    ugh

    2003

    .) N

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    cent

    ives

    or

    spec

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    rate

    s, h

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    re a

    vaila

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    for

    prov

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    s to

    car

    e fo

    r ch

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    n w

    ithsp

    ecia

    l nee

    ds s

    uch

    as th

    ose

    who

    hav

    e a

    phys

    ical

    , em

    otio

    nal o

    r m

    enta

    l dis

    abil-

    ity. (

    Rec

    ent M

    ichi

    gan

    legi

    slat

    ion

    nolo

    nger

    aut

    omat

    ical

    ly e

    xem

    pts

    HP

    pare

    nts

    of s

    peci

    al n

    eeds

    chi

    ldre

    n fr

    omw

    ork

    requ

    irem

    ents

    .)

    Foo

    d A

    ssis

    tanc

    e P

    rogr

    amC

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    ren

    unde

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    com

    pris

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    ough

    lyha

    lf o

    f M

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