SCIENCE 1206 – UNIT 2SCIENCE 1206 – UNIT 2CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY

November – January 2009

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UNIT OUTLINEUNIT OUTLINECHEMISTRY TERMINOLOGY

◦General Terms◦Periodic Table

BOHR DIAGRAMSATOMS versus IONSNAMING COMPOUNDS

◦Ionic◦Molecular◦Acids

CHEMICAL REACTIONS◦Balancing Chemical Equations◦5 Reaction Types

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IMPORTANT TO KNOW . IMPORTANT TO KNOW . . . . .

PERIODIC TABLE!!!Memorize 48 symbolsChem Facts sheet

LINK LINK 2

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CHEMISTRY TERMSCHEMISTRY TERMSMATTER

◦Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space).

◦What is not matter? Energy

MASS◦The amount of matter an object contains,

measured in grams, g.

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3 STATES OF MATTER3 STATES OF MATTERSOLID

◦Definite volume and shapeLIQUID

◦Definite volume, indefinite shape

GAS◦ Indefinite volume, indefinite

shapeChemistry Subscripts

◦ (s) - solid◦ (l) - liquid◦ (g) - gas◦ (aq) – aqueous, dissolved in

water5

3 STATES OF MATTER3 STATES OF MATTER

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WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? WHAT IS CHEMISTRY? Chemistry is the study of the properties

and chemical changes of matter.

So, chemistry matters

Examples of chemical reactions:◦Rusting◦Burning/Combustion◦C + O2 CO2

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TWO TYPES OF TWO TYPES OF CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRYPURE CHEMISTRY

◦Theoretical work that involves DESCRIBING known substances and DISCOVERING new compounds.

APPLIED CHEMISTRY◦Practical work that involves searching

for USES for known substances.

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PHYSICAL PROPERTYPHYSICAL PROPERTYA QUALITY or CHARACTERISTIC of a

substance that can be observed WITHOUT a chemical reaction.

Examples of Physical Properties◦ State of matter◦ Hardness◦ Colour◦ Malleability◦ Ductility◦ Odor◦ Solubility◦ Brittleness◦ Conductivity◦ Melting Point and Boiling Point

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PHYSICAL CHANGEPHYSICAL CHANGEA change in state of matter.

◦Melting/fusion – SOLID to LIQUID◦Freezing – LIQUID to SOLID◦Evaporation – LIQUID to GAS◦Condensation – GAS to LIQUID◦Sublimation – SOLID to GAS◦Deposition – GAS to SOLID

Ex: H2O(s) H2O(l)

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CHEMICAL PROPERTYA BEHAVIOUR that can only be

observed during a CHEMICAL CHANGE.

eg. magnesium ribbon burning

2 Mg(s) + O2 2 MgO(s) + light

energy

CHEMICAL CHANGEA change that forms ONE OR MORE

NEW SUBSTANCES.eg. Iron Rusting

4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) Fe2O3(s)11

5 INDICATORS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE5 INDICATORS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE

DIFFICULT TO REVERSE.Observe the next 4…

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CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORSCHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS

COLOUR CHANGE

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CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORSCHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS

BUBBLES OF GAS

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CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORSCHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS

SOLID (PRECIPITATE) FORMATION

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CHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORSCHEMICAL CHANGE INDICATORS

HEAT/LIGHT GIVEN OFF

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HOMEWORK!!!HOMEWORK!!!1. Identify the following as a PHYSICAL

PROPERTY or a CHEMICAL PROPERTY.1. Burns in air when heated.2. Melts at 98 degrees Celsius.3. Reacts violently with water.4. Can be cut with a knife.5. Conducts electricity.

2. Identify the following as a PHYSICAL CHANGE or a CHEMICAL CHANGE.

1. Digesting a meal.2. Butter melting in a pan.3. Burning gasoline.4. Wood rotting.

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MATTER FLOW CHART-MATTER FLOW CHART-DrawDraw

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PURE SUBSTANCEPURE SUBSTANCEMade up of only ONE TYPE OF ATOM or ATOM COMBINATION

Stays the same in response to a physical change

Example:◦O2

◦H2OTWO TYPES:

◦Element◦Compound

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TYPES OF PURE TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCESSUBSTANCESELEMENT

◦A pure substance that CANNOT be broken down into a simpler substance by a CHEMICAL CHANGE.

◦It is made up of 1 TYPE OF ATOM.Element SYMBOLS - first letter UPPERCASE and the second letter lowercase

Element names - written in lowercase letters.

◦Examples:Na – sodium Li – lithiumAr – argon W - tungsten 20

TYPES OF PURE TYPES OF PURE SUBSTANCESSUBSTANCESCOMPOUND

◦A pure substance that CAN be broken down into its elements with a CHEMICAL CHANGE.

◦made from two or more elements are chemically bonded in fixed ratios.

◦Examples:NaCl – sodium chlorideC6H12O6 – glucose

CH4 – methane

H2O - water21

MIXTUREMIXTUREContains 2 or more pure

substancesHOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE

AKA SOLUTION only one visible phase eg. air, apple juice, salt

water

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE

Contains 2 or more visible phases throughout

eg. Soil, soup, fruitcake

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DIATOMIC MOLECULESDIATOMIC MOLECULESThere are 7 elements that are

diatomic, or found in pairs, in their natural state.

These are:◦H2

◦O2

◦F2

◦Br2 ◦I2◦N2 ◦Cl2 ◦Also P4 and S8

Memory tool: P.S., HOFBrINCl 23

REACTANTS◦Starting Materials

PRODUCTS◦New substances formed

CHEMICAL REACTION◦Reactants Products◦Example:◦C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

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HOMEWORK . . . HOMEWORK . . . 1. Name the type of pure substance

that is found on the periodic table.

2. Give an example of each of the following:

1. Pure substance

2. Heterogeneous mixture

3. Homogeneous mixture

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