Romney Ais 11 ppt

8/19/2019 Romney Ais 11 ppt

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© 2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing Accounting Information Systems, 11/e omney/Steinbart

INTRODUCTION

•Questions to be addressed in tis ca!terinc"ude:

–#at are te basic business !rocesses in wican or$ani%ation en$a$es?

•#at decisions &ust be &ade to underta'e tese!rocesses?

•#at infor&ation is re(uired to &a'e tosedecisions?

–#at ro"e does te data !rocessin$ c)c"e !"a)in or$ani%in$ business !rocesses and !rovidin$infor&ation to users?

–#at is te ro"e of te infor&ation s)ste& andenter!rise resource !"annin$ in &odernor$ani%ations?


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BU*INE** C+C,E*

•A transaction is: –An a$ree&ent between two entities to

e-can$e $oods or services. OR

–An) oter event tat can be &easuredin econo&ic ter&s b) an or$ani%ation.

•E/A0P,E*:

–*e"" $oods to custo&ers –De!reciate e(ui!&ent


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BU*INE** C+C,E*

• Te business transaction c)c"e is a!rocess tat:

–Be$ins wit ca!turin$ data about atransaction.

–Ends wit an infor&ation out!ut1 suc asnancia" state&ents.


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BU*INE** C+C,E*

•0an) business !rocesses are !airedin $ive3$et e-can$es.

•Basic e-can$es can be $rou!ed into

ve &a4or transaction c)c"es: –Revenue c)c"e

–E-!enditure c)c"e

–Production c)c"e –Hu&an resources5!a)ro"" c)c"e –6inancin$ c)c"e


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BU*INE** C+C,E*

• Transactions in te revenue c)c"e inc"ude:

• MAJOR GIVE-GET:

• Give goods or service, get

cash.• OTHER TRANA!TION:

• Ha"d#e c$sto%er i"&$iries

• Ta'e c$sto%er orders

• A((rove credit sa#es

• !hec' i"ve"tor) avai#a*i#it)

• I"itiate *ac' orders

• +ic' a"d (ac' orders

• hi( goods

• i## c$sto%ers

• (date sa#es a"d Accts Rec.

or sa#es• Receive c$sto%er (a)%e"ts

• (date Accts Rec. orco##ectio"s

• Ha"d#e sa#es ret$r"s,

disco$"ts, a"d *ad de*ts• +re(are %a"age%e"t re(orts

• e"d i"o to other c)c#es

"ote that the last acti#ity in any cycle is to sen$

information to other cycles%


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BU*INE** C+C,E*

•Ever) transaction c)c"e: –Re"ates to oter c)c"es.

–Interfaces wit te $enera" "ed$er andre!ortin$ s)ste&1 wic $eneratesinfor&ation for &ana$e&ent ande-terna" !arties.



BU*INE** C+C,E*

•0an) accountin$ software !ac'a$esi&!"e&ent te di7erent transactionc)c"es as se!arate &odu"es.

–Not ever) &odu"e is needed in ever)or$ani%ation1 e8$81 retai" co&!aniesdon9t ave a !roduction c)c"e.

–*o&e co&!anies &a) need e-tra&odu"es.

– Te i&!"e&entation of eac transactionc)c"e can di7er si$nicant") across

co&!anies.



BU*INE** C+C,E*

•However te c)c"es arei&!"e&ented1 it is critica" tat teAI* be ab"e to:

–Acco&&odate te infor&ation needs of&ana$ers.

–Inte$rate nancia" and nonnancia"

data.



TRAN*ACTION PROCE**IN:; THE DATA PROCE**IN: C+C,E

• Te data !rocessin$ c)c"e consists offour ste!s:

–Data in!ut

–Data stora$e

–Data !rocessin$

–Infor&ation out!ut



1.DATA INPUT

• Te rst ste! in data !rocessin$ is toca!ture te data.

•Usua"") tri$$ered b) a businessactivit).

•Data is ca!tured about: – Te event tat occurred.

– Te resources a7ected b) te event.

– Te agents wo !artici!ated.



DATA INPUT

•A nu&ber of actions can be ta'en toi&!rove te accurac) and e



DATA INPUT




2.DATA *TORA:E

•Data needs to be or$ani%ed for eas)and e



DATA *TORA:E

•Ledger

A ledger is a i#e $sed to store c$%$#ative

i"or%atio" a*o$t reso$rces a"d age"ts. /et)(ica##) $se the 0ord ledger to descri*e the seto t-acco$"ts. The t-acco$"t is 0here 0e 'ee(trac' o the *egi""i"g *a#a"ce, i"creases,

decreases, a"d e"di"g *a#a"ce or each asset,#ia*i#it), o0"ers1 e&$it), reve"$e, e2(e"se, gai",#oss, a"d divide"d acco$"t.



DATA *TORA:E

•Ledger –6o""owin$ is an e-a&!"e of a "ed$er

account for accounts receivab"e:



DATA *TORA:E

•,ed$er

•General ledger

The general ledger is the s$%%ar) #eve#i"or%atio" or a## acco$"ts. 3etai# i"or%atio" is"ot 'e(t i" this acco$"t.



DATA *TORA:E

•,ed$er

•General ledger

E2a%(#e: $((ose 456 !o. has threec$sto%ers. A"tho") Ada%s o0es 456 7899. i##ro0" o0es 799. A"d !or) !a%(*e## o0es 4567;99. The *a#a"ce i" acco$"ts receiva*#e i" the

ge"era# #edger 0i## *e 7



DATA *TORA:E

•,ed$er

•:enera" "ed$er

•Subsidiary ledgerThe s$*sidiar) #edgers co"tai" the detai#acco$"ts associated 0ith the re#ated ge"era##edger acco$"t. The acco$"ts receiva*#e

s$*sidiar) #edger 0i## co"tai" three se(aratet-acco$"ts=o"e or A"tho") Ada%s, o"e or i##ro0", a"d o"e or !or) !a%(*e##.



DATA *TORA:E

•,ed$er

•:enera" "ed$er

•Subsidiary ledgerThe re#ated ge"era# #edger acco$"t is ote"ca##ed a >co"tro#? acco$"t.

The s$% o the s$*sidiar) acco$"t *a#a"cessho$#d e&$a# the *a#a"ce i" the co"tro#acco$"t.



DATA *TORA:E

•#en transaction data is ca!tured ona source docu&ent1 te ne-t ste! isto record te data in a journal.

•A 4ourna" entr) is &ade for eactransaction sowin$ te accounts

and a&ounts to be credited.



DATA *TORA:E

• =ourna" entries rea"") wor' "i'e tis: –Entries are ori$ina"") &ade in te general

journal on") for:•Non-routine transactions

•*u&&aries of routine transactions

–Routine transactions are ori$ina"") entered inspecial journals8 Te &ost co&&on s!ecia" 4ourna"s are:

•Credit sa"es•Cas recei!ts

•Credit !urcases•Cas disburse&ents



CO0PUTER3BA*ED *TORA:ECONCEPT*

•A master fle is a "e tat storescu&u"ative infor&ation about anor$ani%ation9s entities.

•It is conce!tua"") si&i"ar to a "ed$erin a &anua" AI* in tat:

– Te "e is !er&anent.

– Te "e e-ists across sca" !eriods.

–Can$es are &ade to te "e to re>ectte e7ects of new transactions.


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CO0PUTER3BA*ED *TORA:ECONCEPT*

•A transaction fle is a "e tatcontains records of individua"transactions ?events@ tat occur

durin$ a sca" !eriod.

•It is conce!tua"") si&i"ar to a 4ourna"

in a &anua" AI* in tat:

– Te "es are te&!orar). – Te "es are usua"") &aintained for one

sca" !eriod.


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3.DATA PROCE**IN:

• Tere are four di7erent t)!es of "e!rocessin$:

–U!datin$ data to record te occurrence

of an event1 te resources a7ected b)te event1 and te a$ents wo!artici!ated1 e8$81 recordin$ a sa"e to acusto&er.

–Can$in$ data1 e8$81 a custo&eraddress.

–Addin$ data1 e8$81 a new custo&er. –De"etin$ data1 e8$81 re&ovin$ an o"d

custo&er tat as not !urcased


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DATA PROCE**IN: U!datin$ can be done trou$ severa" a!!roaces:a. Batch processing:

–*ource docu&ents are $rou!ed intobatces1 and contro" tota"s are

ca"cu"ated. –Periodica"")1 te batces are entered

into te co&!uter s)ste&1 edited1sorted1 and stored in a te&!orar) "e.

– Te te&!orar) transaction "e is runa$ainst te &aster "e to u!date te&aster "e.

–Out!ut is !rinted or dis!"a)ed1 a"on$

wit error re!orts1 transaction re!orts1


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DATA PROCE**IN:

b. Online batch processing: – Transactions are entered into a

co&!uter s)ste& as te) occur and

stored in a te&!orar) "e. –Periodica"")1 te te&!orar) transaction

"e is run a$ainst te &aster "e tou!date te &aster "e.

– Te out!ut is !rinted or dis!"a)ed.


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RO,E O6 THE AI*

•The traditional AS captured fnancialdata.

•!nterprise resource planning "!#$%systems are designed to integrate allaspects o& a company's operations"including both fnancial and non-

fnancial in&ormation% (ith thetraditional &unctions o& an AS.


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Romney Ais 11 ppt