RIVER REHABILITATION OF SG. MUDA, KEDAH

RIVER REHABILITATIONOF SG. MUDA, KEDAH

Contents

• Objectives• Scope of Work• Sg. Muda Recent Floods• Hydrological Modelling• River Modelling

Objectives

• Ensure that design cross-sections and alignment of the main river channel are economic, effective and environmentally sound;

• Propose alternative designs for identified locations to meet the above requirements;

• Examine the long term river behaviour through model studies, to minimise expensive repair works in future resulting from the new alignment.

Scope of Work

(a) Rainfall data in space and time leading to chosen flood events.

(b) Runoff discharge and stage records of the chosen events;

(c) Computer simulation of the flood events;

(d) Computer simulation of long term river behaviour to determine stretches prone to meandering, hence needing extra protection;

(e) Changes in alluvial river geometry in terms of aggradation and degradation as well as lateral channel migration as a result of the flood events;

(f) Design criteria used for the Flood Control Remediation Plan;

(g) Specific design of the proposed structures including levee protection, riverbank protection works and protection of bridge crossings and other structures.

SITE VISITS

Site Visit

Site Visit

Sg. Muda River Mouth

Site Visit

New Bridge At Sg. Muda Near Kota Kuala Muda

Site Visit

Construction of New Sg. Muda Barrage

Site Visit

New Sg. Muda Barrage

Site Visit

Houses Extended into River Reserve

Site Visit

Flood Plain (Padi Field) along Muda River Near Rantau Panjang

Site Visit

Phase II Flood Mitigation Project at Muda River

(Pekula Pumping Station)

Site Visit

Abandoned Recreational Park at Pekula Pumping Station

Site Visit

Construction Works at Pekula Pumping Station

Site Visit

Irrigation Canals at Pekula Pumping Station (25th May 2005)

Site Visit

Sand Mining Activities

Site Visit

Sg. Muda @ CH 12400

Sg. Muda Recent Floods

Study Area

October 1998 Flood

Flood Prone Areas (Oct 1998 Flood)

>100392403772427412KulimKulim10

50301372961159071SikJeniang9

>100396480852208096SikSik8

Normal12515126336033Kota SetarAlor Setar7

Normal14716215417234Kota SetarPendang6

>1003694166817712447Kuala MudaSg. Petani5

>100637765128252238147Kuala Muda

GunungJerai4

30284316571487932Kuala Muda

Jam. Syed Omar3

5219246271205643BalingKuala Pegang2

Normal15317346802720BalingPulai1

ARI (3 day Max)

Total Rainfall(3 Day Max)

Total(2-5 Oct)5/104/103/102/10DistrictRainfall

StationNo.

Summary of Rainfall Distribution for 2003 Flood

Gunung Jerai525 mm

No. Year Q (m3/s) No. Year Q (m3/s) No. Year Q (m3/s)1 1988 948 11 1976 542 21 1994 2872 1997 928 12 2000 508 22 1975 2793 1998 854 13 1990 464 23 2002 2674 2003 843 14 1983 370 24 1978 2655 1986 838 15 2005 368 25 1974 2516 1999 833 16 1993 349 26 1989 2237 1985 737 17 1996 348 27 1979 1968 1987 650 18 1982 341 28 1981 1769 1980 629 19 2001 321 29 1977 13710 1984 623 20 2004 314

Sg. Muda @ Ladang Victoria

Sg. Muda @ Syed Omar

No. Year Q (m3/s) No. Year Q (m3/s) No. Year Q (m3/s)1 2003 1340 17 1968 572 33 1983 3932 1988 1225 18 1975 565 34 1991 3823 1996 1070 19 2005 565 35 1987 3774 1998 980 20 1976 549 36 1978 3755 1967 912 21 1969 546 37 1961 3746 1965 861 22 1977 542 38 2004 3407 1973 780 23 2001 539 39 1989 3328 1972 706 24 1971 535 40 1993 3269 1966 661 25 1963 516 41 1992 31910 1999 651 26 1984 500 42 1986 31511 1964 640 27 1980 480 43 1962 26812 1997 626 28 1979 450 44 1974 26413 2000 626 29 1985 449 4514 2002 612 30 1981 436 4615 1970 602 31 1990 43316 1960 572 32 1982 399

Flood Ranking

14601887200Notes: 1988 Flood – 948 m3/s (10-yr ARI)

1998 Flood – 850 m3/s (10-yr ARI)2003 Flood – 831 m3/s (10-yr ARI)

Gumbel External Type I (Discharge Data from

1974 – 2005)

DID

167114611255987784497

Discharge (m3/s)

10050251052

Return Period

131711731028832678444

Flood Frequency Analyses for Sg. Muda @ Syed Omar

Flood Frequency Analyses for Sg. Muda @ Ladang Victoria

Gumbel External Type I

(Discharge Data from 1960 – 2005)

JICA (1995)DID

1340

1260

950

810

1572

1423

1275

1125

916

760

517

Discharge (m3/s)

Notes: 1988 Flood – 1225 m3/s (50-100 yr ARI)1998 Flood – 980 m3/s (25-yr ARI)2003 Flood – 1340 m3/s (100-yr ARI)

200

100

50

25

10

5

2

Return Period

1436

1309

1182

1053

880

742

536

2003 Hydrograph @ Jbt Syed Omar

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Hour

Dis

char

ge, Q

(m3 /s

)

Jan Feb Mac Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Q = 831m3/s

2003 Hydrograph @ Ldg Victoria

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Hour

Dis

char

ge, Q

(m3 /s

)

Jan Feb Mac Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Q = 1340m3/s

Hydrological Modelling

Hydrological Modeling

Design Flood Hydrograph of 5, 20, 50 and 100 yr ARI

for Sg Muda at LadangVictoria (JICA, 1995)

Design Flood Hydrograph of 5, 20, 50 and 100 yr ARI

for Sg Muda at LadangVictoria (Zaaba, 2002)

• DISCHARGE STATION:– Jambatan Syed Omar (5606410)– Ladang Victoria (5505412)

• RAINFALL STATION:– Bt. 27 Jln. Baling (5507076)– Bt. 61 Jln. Baling (5808001)– Jeniang Klinik (5806066)– Komplek Rumah Muda (6108001)

• MODEL SET UP– CALIBRATION –OCTOBER 2003– VALIDATION – NOVEMBER 1998

HEC-HMS

METHODOLOGY

• Catchment Routing:– Losses : Exponential– Transform : Clark Unit Hydrograph– Baseflow : Constant Monthly

• Channel Routing:– Kinematic Wave

• Rainfall Average:– Thiessen Polygon Method

RAINFALL & DISCHARGE STATION LOCATIONS

5806414

BARRAGEJENIANG

5606410

5505412

BARRAGEMUDA

PETANISUNGAI

KETILKUALA

REMANDAM

N

LUMPURKUALA

KEDAH

PINANG

SEMBILAN

PULAU

PERAK

SELANOGOR

NEGERI

MELAKAJOHOR

PAHANG

TERENGGANUKELANTAN

STUDY AREA

5608418

BALING

SCALE

SIK

NAMI

BERIS DAM

DAMMUDA

S.MUD

A

S.MUD

A

S.KETIL

S.KUPANG

S.KE

TIL

S.SIDAM

S.M

UD

A

RAINFALL GAGE WEIGHT

0.930.07--215Sg.Muda DS

1.00---616Sidam

0.410.250.34-1718Sik-Ketil

-0.120.270.611661Nami

5507076580606658080016108001(sq.km)

Weighted Rainfall StationsAreaCatchment

HEC-HMS MODEL LAYOUT

OUTPUT HYDROGRAPH

CALIBRATION RESULTS (2003 Flood)

VALIDATION RESULTS (1998 Flood)

JAMBATAN SYED OMAR

(a) Calibration (b) Validation

LADANG VICTORIA


RIVER MOUTH


DESIGN RAINFALL

• Design rainfall for 50-year and 100-year, 72-hours duration are acquired from the JPZ design rainfall, which has been derived from the isohyetal map

• The temporal rainfall pattern distribution has been created in accordance with the HP-1 for duration 72-hours.

50-y, 3-d, DESIGN RAINFALL

REFERENCE POINT 5606410 (JSO G.S)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2 3 4 5 6

T ime ( h)

REFERENCE POINT 5806414 (JENIANG G.S)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2 3 4 5 6

T ime ( h)

Design Rainfall at Jeniang G.S (ref.point)

50-y, 3-d, DESIGN RAINFALL (JENIANG G.S)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

50-y, 3-d, DESIGN RAINFALL (J.S.OMAR G.S)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71

Time (h)R

ainf

all (

mm

)

Design Rainfall at Jambatan Syed Omar G.S (ref.point)


OUTLET (RIVER MOUTH)

0

50

100

150

1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

REFERENCE POINT 5505412 (LV G.S)

0

50

100

150

1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Design Rainfall at Ladang Victoria G.S (ref.point)

Design Rainfall at Outlet

50-y, 3-d, DESIGN RAINFALL (LDG.VICTORIA G.S)

0

510

15202530

3540

45

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

50-y, 3-d, DESIGN RAINFALL (RIVER MOUTH)

05

101520253035404550

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)



Design Rainfall at Jambatan Syed Omar G.S (ref.point)

REFERENCE POINT 5806414 (JENIANG G.S)

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

1 2 3 4 5 6

T ime ( h)

100-y, 3-d, DESIGN RAINFALL (JENIANG G.S)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

REFERENCE POINT 5606410 (JSO G.S)

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

1 2 3 4 5 6

T ime ( h)

100-y, 3-d, DESIGN RAINFALL (J.S.OMAR G.S)

05

1015202530354045

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)



Design Rainfall at Outlet

REFERENCE POINT 5505412 (LV G.S)

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

100-y, 3-d, DESIGN RAINFALL (LDG. VICTORIA G.S)

05

101520253035404550

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

OUTLET (RIVER MOUTH)

0

50

100

150

200

1 2 3 4 5 6

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

100-y, 3-d, DESIGN RAINFALL (RIVER MOUTH)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71

Time (h)

Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

DESIGN HYDROGRAPH

Design Hydrograph at Jeniang G.S

Design Hydrograph at Jambatan Syed Omar G.S

(HEC-HMS) JENIANG G.S DESIGN HYDROGRAPH

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313

Time (h)

Disch

arge

(cum

ec)

50-year (Qmax=667 cumec)100-year (Qmax=767 cumec)

(HEC-HMS) JAMBATAN SYED OMAR G.S DESIGN HYDROGRAPH

0200

400600800

100012001400

16001800

1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313

Time (h)

Dis

char

ge (c

umec

)


DESIGN HYDROGRAPH

Design Hydrograph at Ladang Victoria G.S

Design Hydrograph at River Mouth (Outlet)

(HEC-HMS) LADANG VICTORIA G.S DESIGN HYDROGRAPH

0200400600800

1000120014001600180020002200

1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313

Time (h)

Disch

arge

(cum

ec)


(HEC-HMS) RIVER MOUTH OUTLET DESIGN HYDROGRAPH

0200400600800

10001200140016001800200022002400

1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313

Time (h)

Dis

char

ge (c

umec

)

50-year (Qmax=1911 cumec)

100-year (Qmax=2101 cumec)

DESIGN HYDROGRAPH COMPARISON ( n = 0.025, 0.030)

HEC-RAS MODELLING

Simulated Flood Profiles for Alternative 2 under 50-year and 100-year ARI with Proposed Bund Levels

along Sg. Muda

Input Hydrograph @ Ladang Victoria for Flood 2003


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500

Time Step (Hour)

Dis

char

ge, Q

(m3 /s

)

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

6th October (4pm)

(Q=1340m3/s) 19th October (9pm)

(Q=164m3/s)

2nd October (1am)

(Q=69m3/s)

Comparison of Hydrograph at Ladang Victoria

Comparison of Hydrograph at Ladang Victoria

0200400600800

10001200140016001800200022002400

6 24 42 60 78 90 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288

Time (h)

Disc

harg

e (c

umec

)50 yr (Qmax=1768 cumec)-Hec-Hms100 yr (Qmax=2001 cumec)-Hec-Hms50 yr (Qmax=1815 cumec)-JPZ100 yr (Qmax=2130 cumec)-JPZFlood 2003 (Qmax=1340 cumec)

66481.9024000020031004

66471.8023000020031004

66461.8022000020031004

66451.6021000020031004

66441.5020000020031004

66431.4019000020031004

66421.3018000020031004

66411.2017000020031004

66401.2016000020031004

66391.3015000020031004

66381.4014000020031004

66371.5013000020031004

66361.6012000020031004

66351.7011000020031004

66341.8010000020031004

66331.809000020031004

66321.808000020031004

66311.807000020031004

66301.806000020031004

66291.805000020031004

66281.704000020031004

66271.703000020031004

66261.602000020031004

66251.601000020031004

66722.1024000020031005

66712.0023000020031005

66701.8022000020031005

66691.5021000020031005

66681.3020000020031005

66671.1019000020031005

66661.0018000020031005

66651.1017000020031005

66641.2016000020031005

66631.4015000020031005

66621.6014000020031005

66611.8013000020031005

66601.9012000020031005

66591.9011000020031005

66581.9010000020031005

66571.809000020031005

66561.708000020031005

66551.607000020031005

66541.506000020031005

66531.605000020031005

66521.604000020031005

66511.703000020031005

66501.802000020031005

66491.801000020031005

66962.2024000020031006

66952.0023000020031006

66941.7022000020031006

66931.3021000020031006

66921.0020000020031006

66910.9019000020031006

66900.9018000020031006

66891.1017000020031006

66881.3016000020031006

66871.6015000020031006

66861.9014000020031006

66852.0013000020031006

66842.1012000020031006

66832.0011000020031006

66821.9010000020031006

66811.709000020031006

66801.508000020031006

66791.307000020031006

66781.306000020031006

66771.405000020031006

66761.604000020031006

66751.803000020031006

66742.002000020031006

66732.101000020031006

Times and Height of High and Low Water @ Kedah Pier

Tidal @ kedah Pier (1 - 31 Oct 2003)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

6555 6605 6655 6705 6755 6805 6855 6905 6955 7005 7055 7105 7155 7205 7255

Time (Hour)

Hei

ght (

m)

Oct

HEC-RAS Modelling

Cross Section at CH 41.2 (Ladang Victoria)

CALIBRATION RESULT

Longitudinal Flood Profile for Sg Muda (Q=1340m3/s)

Mud

a B

arra

ge

Mer

deka

B

ridg

eE

xpre

ssw

ay

Bri

dge

Rai

lway

Bri

dge B

ridg

e

Pipe

Bri

dge

Velocities Profile of Sg. Muda (Q=1340m3/s)

Flood Profile Comparisons Using HEC-RAS (varies n value) and

JPZ (2000)

n = 0.025

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)

Existing Bed Level Predicted Water Level (HEC-RAS) Observed

Longitudinal Section for Sg. Muda Kedah (n = 0.03)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)

Existing Bed Level Predicted Water Level (HEC-RAS) observed


n = 0.030

n = 0.035

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)

Existing Bed Level Predicted Water Level (HEC-RAS) observed


n = 0.025

n = 0.030

n = 0.035

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)

Existing Bed Level Predicted Water Level (HEC-RAS)Existing : 50 yr ARI (JPZ,2000) Bund : 50 yr ARI (JPZ,2000)


-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)



-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)



Comparison of Predicted and Observed Water Level

Maximum Water Level Discharge Record at Sg. Muda

11.10.2003 @ 0200 Hrs2.702.702.70

River Mouth

7.10.2003 @ 0300 Hrs0.084.90-0.284.54-0.644.184.82

Rumah Pam Bumbong Lima

5504401

7.10.2003 @ 0600 Hrs-0.237.20-0.806.63-1.416.027.43

Rumah Pam Pinang Tunggal

5505413

6.10.2003 @ 1600 Hrs0.6910.340.139.78-0.319.349.65

Sg Muda @ Ldg. Victoria

5505412

DifferenceHEC – RASDifferenceHEC – RASDifferenceHEC – RASDate and Time of Maximum

Reading

n = 0.035n = 0.03n = 0.025

Observed

Maximum Water Level (m)Name of Station

Station No.

Cross Section at Ch 41.2 (Ladang Victoria) during Maximum Water Level (06.10.2003 @ 1600Hrs)

n = 0.025 n = 0.03

n = 0.035

Cross Section at Ch 25.2 (Rumah Pam Pinang Tunggal) during Maximum Water Level (07.10.2003 @ 0600Hrs)

n = 0.025 n = 0.03

n = 0.035

Cross Section at Ch 14.0 (Rumah Pam Bumbung Lima) during Maximum Water Level (07.10.2003 @ 0300Hrs)

n = 0.03n = 0.025

n = 0.035

Bumbung Lima (5504401)

23:00-0.422.77-0.672.52-0.962.233.1920

17:00-0.253.11-0.432.93-0.592.773.3619

6:00

12.10.2003

-0.213.40-0.413.20-0.613.003.6118

18:00-0.303.46-0.533.23-0.763.003.7617

6:0011.10.2003

-0.303.68-0.553.43-0.813.173.9816

18:00-0.224.00-0.523.70-0.833.394.2215

6:0010.10.2003

-0.144.30-0.453.99-0.783.664.4414

6:009.10.20030.014.67-0.334.33-0.683.984.6613

21:00-0.024.68-0.374.33-0.743.964.7012

18:000.024.73-0.334.38-0.694.024.7111

6:00

8.10.2003

0.044.80-0.324.44-0.684.084.7610

18:000.084.83-0.284.47-0.654.104.759

3:007.10.2003

0.154.90-0.214.54-0.574.184.758

18:000.094.84-0.264.49-0.634.124.757

12:000.054.79-0.284.46-0.644.104.746

6:000.044.70-0.294.37-0.634.034.665

24:00

6.10.2003

0.004.55-0.304.25-0.623.934.554

24:000.004.55-0.304.25-0.623.934.553

18:00-0.094.32-0.374.04-0.673.744.412

12:00

5.10.2003

-0.224.05-0.463.81-0.723.554.271

DifferenceHEC-RASDifferenceHEC-RASDifferenceHEC-RASObserved

Time ( Hours)

Daten = 0.035n = 0.03n = 0.025

Maximum Water Level (m)No.

Maximum Water Level at BumbungLima (Varies n value)

Comparison of Predicted and Observed Water Level at Bumbung Lima

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

12:00

18:00

24:0

0 2

4:00

6:00

12:00

18:00 3:0

018

:00 6:00

18:00

21:00 6:0

0

6:00

18:00 6:0

018

:00 6:00

17:00

23:00

Time (Hours)

Wat

er L

evel

(m)

Observed Hec-Ras,n=0.025 Hec-Ras,n=0.03 Hec-Ras,n=0.035

5/10/03 7/10/036/10/03 11/10/0310/10/039/10/038/10/03 12/10/03

Ladang Victoria (5505412)

23:002.208.142.428.362.758.695.9410

6:0012.10.2003

1.678.271.738.331.998.596.609

18:0011.10.2003-0.958.40-0.948.41-0.728.639.358

18:0010.10.2003-0.538.82-0.748.610.338.689.357

18:009.10.20030.289.63-0.159.20-0.418.949.356

21:000.7110.030.219.53-0.179.159.325

12:008.10.2003

0.7510.100.239.58-0.169.199.354

12:007.10.20030.9310.280.379.72-0.069.299.353

6:000.7610.180.259.67-0.169.269.422

24:006.10.2003

0.7710.030.299.55-0.069.209.261

DifferenceHEC-RASDifferenceHEC-RASDifferenceHEC-RASObserved

Time ( Hours)Daten = 0.035n = 0.03n = 0.025

Maximum Water Level (m)No.

Maximum Water Level at Ladang Victoria (Varies n value)

Comparison of Predicted and Observed Water Level at Ladang Victoria

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

24:00 6:00 12:00 12:00 21:00 18:00 18:00 18:00 6:00 23:00

Time (Hours)

Wat

er L

evel

(m)

Observed Hec-Ras,n=0.025 Hec-Ras,n=0.03 Hec-Ras,n=0.035

7/10/036/10/03 11/10/0310/10/039/10/038/10/03 12/10/03

SIMULATION RESULT

Flood Levels under 1 in 50 yr and 100 yr ARIs, with Proposed Bund Levels for Sg Muda

1.301.901.902.391.391.39-7.80River Mouth

1.572.162.102.841.841.84-2.091294CH1

1.742.312.223.172.192.17-2.282152CH2

1.862.412.313.462.542.46-3.463413CH3

4.135.104.765.504.924.50-2.4713142CH14

5.967.326.858.027.726.770.1724821CH25

9.3210.7110.1611.0110.6810.011.0940275CH41

100 yr ARI50 yr ARI

Flood 2003

Design Hydrograph

Bund100 yr ARI50 yr ARI

Existing Cross Section;HEC-RAS (n = 0.025)

Proposed Cross Section; EXTRAN-XP (JPZ, 2000)

Flood ProfilesExistingInvert

CumulativeDistance

Node

Proposed Bund Levels for Sg Muda

1.30

1.57

1.74

1.86

4.13

5.96

9.32

Flood 2003

2.39

2.84

3.17

3.46

5.50

8.02

11.01

Bund(JPZ, 2000)

1.091.39River Mouth

1.271.84CH1

1.432.17CH2

1.602.46CH3

1.374.50CH14

2.066.77CH25

1.6910.01CH41

Difference50 yr ARI(JPZ, 2000)

Node

Longitudinal Flood Profiles 50 ARI (n = 0.025)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)

Existing Bed Level Flood 2003 50 yr ARI (HEC-RAS) 50 yr ARI (JPZ) Bund


Longitudinal Flood Profiles 100 ARI (n = 0.025)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)

Existing Bed Level Flood 2003 100 yr ARI (HEC-RAS) 100 yr ARI (JPZ) Bund


River Modelling

River Bed and Bank Sampling

2310321147Total

1719Kg Lahar TiangCh. 21.90M17

1719Kg Matang BeranganCh. 23.10M16

1719Kg Pantai PeraiCh. 30.80M15

1719Kg Lubok EkorCh. 33.80M14

1719Kg Sidam KananCh. 36.80M13

-3-3Kuari Kg Terat BatuCh. 33.40M12

-3-3Kuari Kg Pantai PeraiCh. 31.00M11

-3-3Kuari 2Ch. 25.60M10

-3-3Kuari 1Ch. 23.60M9

37313Ladang Victoria BridgeCh. 39.50M8

37313Pinang Tunggal BridgeCh. 25.20M7

37313Merdeka BridgeCh. 12.64M6

37313Kuala Muda BridgeCh. 4.86M5

27110Kg. Pulau MertajamCh. 2.97M4

27110Kg. Sg DerakaCh. 1.40M3

27110River MouthCh. 0.80M2

0718River MouthCh. 0.20M1

Bank Material(right)

Bed Material

Bank Material

(left)

No. of Samples

Total SampleName of LocationChainage No.

Site No.

Grab Sampling @ Ch 1.40, Kg. Sg Deraka

Bank Material Sampling @ Ch 1.40, Kg. Sg Deraka

Mean Sediment Size for Bed Material

0.0700.2120.036Kg Lahar TiangCh. 21.90M17

0.0360.0360.036Kg Matang BeranganCh. 23.10M16

2.0000.0500.050Kg Pantai PeraiCh. 30.80M15

0.0200.0360.014Kg Lubok EkorCh. 33.80M14

0.0361.1800.040Kg Sidam KananCh. 36.80M13

-1.800-Kuari Kg Terat BatuCh. 33.40M12

-1.500-Kuari Kg Pantai PeraiCh. 31.00M11

-1.000-Kuari 2Ch. 25.60M10

-1.180-Kuari 1Ch. 23.60M9

0.0501.8000.212Ladang Victoria BridgeCh. 39.50M8

0.0630.4250.212Pinang Tunggal BridgeCh. 25.20M7

0.0501.0000.090Merdeka BridgeCh. 12.64M6

0.0630.1500.150Kuala Muda BridgeCh. 4.86M5

0.0400.3000.300Kg. Pulau MertajamCh. 2.97M4

0.0400.1500.063Kg. Sg DerakaCh. 1.40M3

0.6000.0630.216River Mouth 2Ch. 0.80M2

-0.4250.900River Mouth 1Ch. 0.20M1

Right Bank

Main Channel

Left Bank

D50 (mm)Name of LocationChainage

No.Site No.

Bed Load Sampling @ Ladang Victoria

Suspended Load Sampling @ Ladang Victoria

Pinang Tunggal (2 August 2006)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Particle size ((m)

Per

cent

age

Pas

sing

(%)

Left

CenterRight

Average

d50 = 0.0000110 m

Ladang Victoria (21 August 2006)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Particle size (μm)

Per

cent

age

Pas

sing

(%)

Left

CenterRight

Average

d50 = 0.0000095 m

Mean Sediment Size for Suspended Load

16.4784.3495.3878.8968.33511.2628.97112.308

Tt (kg/s)

0.000001102 August 2006Pinang Tunggal0.0000009228 August 20060.0000009521 August 20060.0000008514 August 20060.000001057 August 20060.0000044026 July 20060.0000020017 July 2006

20012 July 2006Ladang Victoria

D50 (m)DateLocation

Grab Sampling @ Ch 1.40, Kg. Sg Deraka

Summary of Data Collection

0.01900.00020.6868.89647.0851.5748.00.5427.1828.08.2006LV07

0.01710.00020.6570.525145.6751.3346.00.5928.3521.08.2006LV06

0.01650.00020.5970.584641.311.3642.00.5324.7114.08.2006LV05

0.02330.00020.7672.82755.1351.4172.00.5927.7807.08.2006LV04

0.01620.00020.6380.96751.4001.5380.00.5933.1226.07.2006LV03

0.01740.00020.8182.80866.8351.8082.00.7147.2119.07.2006LV02

0.01590.00021.1795.150111.1652.5294.00.94109.8912.07.2006LV01

( m )( m )( m2 )( m )( m )( m/s )( m3/s )Sample

nS0RPAYoBVQDateNo.

Input Hydrograph @ Ladang Victoria for Flood 2003


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500

Time Step (Hour)

Dis

char

ge, Q

(m3 /s

)

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

6th October (4pm) (Q=1340m3/s) 9th December

(11am) (Q=58m3/s)

2nd October (7am)

(Q=64m3/s)

Tidal @ kedah Pier (1 - 31 Oct 2003)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

6555 6605 6655 6705 6755 6805 6855 6905 6955 7005 7055 7105 7155 7205 7255

Time (Hour)

Hei

ght (

m)

Oct

Initial Bed Material Size Distributions Sidam Bridge (Ladang Victoria)

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

0.01 0.1 1 10 100Particle size mm

Per

cent

age

pass

ing

Medium Fine CoarseMedium MediumFine Coarse Fine Coarse Fine

CLAY SILT GRAVELSAND

63u 212u 425u 1.18mm3.35

6.314 mmBS sieve aperture size, mm

d50 = 0.0018 m

River Mouth 1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100Particle size mm

Per

cent

age

pass

ing

Medium Fine CoarseMedium MediumFine Coarse Fine Coarse Fine

CLAY SILT GRAVELSAND

63u 212u 425u 1.18mm3.35

6.314 mmBS sieve aperture size, mm

d50 = 0.000425 m

(b) Ch. 0.20 (M1-River Mouth)

(a) Ch. 39.50 (M8-Ladang Victoria Bridge)

Geometry Data

Calibration

Calibration of FLUVIAL Model (FL-14) at Peak 2003 Flood Discharge

-0.241.06-0.241.06-0.241.061.30Ch 0.1 (River Mouth)

0.99Ch 0.2

1.21Ch 0.4

+1.266.10+0.975.71+0.575.314.74Ch 14.0 (Bumbong Lima)

+1.0011.00+0.5210.52-0.019.9910.00Ch 41.2 (LdgVictoria)

DifferencePredict DifferencePredict DifferencePredict ObserveLocation

n = 0.035n = 0.030n = 0.025Location

Longitudinal Section for Sg Muda, Kedah - (Yang Equation -n=0.025)

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (m)

Lev

el (m

)

Existing Bed Level Water Level (Peak Discharge)Bed Level (Peak Discharge) Observe Water Level


-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Chainage (m)L

evel

(m)



-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Chainage (m)

Lev

el (m

)


Simulation

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

6 24 42 60 78 90 108 126 144 162 180

Time (h)

Disc

harg

e (c

umec

)

50 yr (Qmax=1768 cumec)-Hec-Hms100 yr (Qmax=2001 cumec)-Hec-Hms50 yr (Qmax=1815 cumec)-JPZ100 yr (Qmax=2130 cumec)-JPZFlood 2003 (Qmax=1340 cumec)

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)

Existing Bed Level Flood 2003 50 yr ARI (FL-12)50 yr ARI (JPZ) Bund Predicted Bed Level (FL-12)Predicted Bed Level (JPZ)


Flood Levels under 1 in 50 yr ARI, with Proposed Bund Levels for Sg Muda

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)

Existing Bed Level Flood 2003 100 yr ARI (FL-12)100 yr ARI (JPZ) Bund Predicted Bed Level (FL-12)Predicted Bed Level (JPZ)


Flood Levels under 1 in 100 yr ARI, with Proposed Bund Levels for Sg Muda

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vatio

n (m

, LSD

)

Existing Bed Level Flood 2003 50 yr ARI (FL-12)100 yr ARI (FL-12) 50 yr ARI (JPZ) 100 yr ARI (JPZ)


Flood Levels under 1 in 50 yr and 100 yr ARIs

1.691.791.062.391.391.39River Mouth

2.252.241.442.841.841.84CH1

2.442.41.653.172.192.17CH2

2.632.571.943.462.542.46CH3

2.982.92.413.622.742.62CH4

5.585.385.315.504.924.50CH14

11.5411.219.9711.0110.6810.01CH41

100 yr ARI50 yr ARIFlood 2003

Design HydrographBund100 yr ARI50 yr ARI

Existing Cross Section;Fluvial-12 (n = 0.025)

Proposed Cross Section; EXTRAN-XP (JPZ, 2000)

Flood ProfilesChainage No.

Summary of Flood Levels under 1 in 50 yr and 100 yr ARIs, with Proposed Bund Levels for Sg Muda

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Predicted Bed Level (Design: ARI-50) Predicted Water Level (Design: ARI-50)Predicted Bed Level (Design: ARI-100) Predicted Water Level (Design: ARI-100)Predicted Bed Level (JPZ: ARI-50) Predicted Water Level (JPZ: ARI-50)Predicted Bed Level (JPZ: ARI-100) Predicted Water Level (JPZ: ARI-100)Existing Bed Level

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)


Cross Section Changes (n=0.025)

(a) Ch. 39.50 (M8-Ladang Victoria Bridge)

(b) Ch 31.60 (Kuari Kg

Pantai Perai )

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)



(c) Ch. 25.20 (M7-Pinang Tunggal Bridge )

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)


(d) Ch. 23.00 (Kg Lahar Tiang)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)


(e) Ch. 21.90 (M17-Kg Lahar Tiang)

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)


(f) Ch. 15.40 (Bumbong Lima)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)


-5-4-3-2-10123456

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)



(h) Ch. 4.86 (M5-Kuala Muda Bridge )

(g) Ch. 12.64 (M6-Merdeka Bridge )

Sediment Delivery (Flood Oct 2003)

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

0 10 20 30 40Chainage (km)

Sedi

men

t Del

iver

y (to

ns)

Peak After Flood

Mitigation and Protection Works

Sand and Gravel Mining

Kampong Kubang Bedengong Kampong Lubok Segintah

River Sand Mining

Sand Mining Pumping Activity

Bridge Crossing Protection

-Sand mining has caused serious degradation of Sg Muda

-In-stream sand and gravel mining should not be allowed

KG. BUMBUNG LIMA

PEKULA

KG. JAWA

KG. BUKITLALANG

MerdekaBridge

PLUS Highway

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)


CH 13.1 CH 15.4

-14-12-10-8-6-4-202468

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)


Ch. 13.10 (Bumbong Lima)Ch. 15.40 (Bumbong Lima)

Channel realignment

CH 21.90

CH 23.00

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)Predicted Bed Level (Design: ARI-50) Predicted Water Level (Design: ARI-50)Predicted Bed Level (Design: ARI-100) Predicted Water Level (Design: ARI-100)Predicted Bed Level (JPZ: ARI-50) Predicted Water Level (JPZ: ARI-50)Predicted Bed Level (JPZ: ARI-100) Predicted Water Level (JPZ: ARI-100)Existing Bed Level

(d) Ch. 23.00 (Kg Lahar Tiang)

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50Distance (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)


(e) Ch. 21.90 (M17-Kg Lahar Tiang)

Channel Realignment

River Bank Protection

- The stability of the proposed riverbank protection measures can be seriously impacted by sand-gravel mining. In-stream mining activities should be prohibited to ensure stability of the proposed design.

•Diversion to Sg. Merbok not

recommended

• Likely sedimentation

upstream of Muda Barrage

RECOMMENDATIONS• The 2003 flood discharge of 1,340 cumecs is

recommended for the design. The bund height should be determined from the 2003 flood stage plus freeboard.

• Sand and gravel mining can cause major stability problems to river stabilization structures. In-stream mining should be prohibited. Off-stream mining should be allowed at a minimum distance of 50 m from the bank line.

• The cross section geometry of the channel should not be changed. The realignment of two reaches should be considered: Merdeka Bridge & Kg Lahar Tiang

• The diversion to Sg. Merbok is not recommended

Documents

RIVER REHABILITATION OF SG. MUDA, KEDAH