DESIGN OPTION OF THE FLOOD MITIGATION PLAN OF SG. MUDA, SUNGAI MUDA, KEDAH Final Draft REPORT

DESIGN OPTION OF THE FLOOD MITIGATION PLAN

OF SG. MUDA, SUNGAI MUDA, KEDAH

Final Draft REPORT

(September 28, 2006)

Scope of Work

(a) Rainfall data in space and time leading to chosen flood events.

(b) Runoff discharge and stage records of the chosen events;

(c) Computer simulation of the flood events;

(d) Computer simulation of long term river behaviour to determine stretches prone to meandering, hence needing extra protection;

(e) Changes in alluvial river geometry in terms of aggradation and degradation as well as lateral channel migration as a result of the flood events;

(f) Design criteria used for the Flood Control Remediation Plan;

(g) Specific design of the proposed structures including levee protection, riverbank protection works and protection of bridge crossings and other structures.

Contents

• Muda River Flood 2003• Hydrological Modeling• Hydraulic Modeling• Sediment Sampling• River Modeling• Mitigation and Protection Works• Conclusions and Recommendations

Muda Flood 2003

Study Area

October 1998 Flood

Flood Prone Areas (Oct 1998 Flood)

No.

Rainfall Station

District 2/10 3/10 4/10 5/10Total

(2-5 Oct)Total Rainfall(3 Day Max)

ARI (3 day Max)

1 Pulai Baling 20 27 80 46 173 153 Normal

2Kuala Pegang

Baling 43 56 120 27 246 219 5

3Jam. Syed Omar

Kuala Muda

32 79 148 57 316 284 30

4Gunung Jerai

Kuala Muda

147 238 252 128 765 637 >100

5 Sg. PetaniKuala Muda

47 124 177 68 416 369 >100

6 Pendang Kota Setar 34 72 41 15 162 147 Normal

7 Alor Setar Kota Setar 33 60 33 26 151 125 Normal

8 Sik Sik 96 80 220 85 480 396 >100

9 Jeniang Sik 71 90 115 96 372 301 50

10 Kulim Kulim 12 74 242 77 403 392 >100

Summary of Rainfall Distribution for 2003 Flood

Gunung Jerai 525 mm

No. Year Q (m3/s) No. Year Q (m3/s) No. Year Q (m3/s)1 1988 948 11 1976 542 21 1994 2872 1997 928 12 2000 508 22 1975 2793 1998 854 13 1990 464 23 2002 2674 2003 843 14 1983 370 24 1978 2655 1986 838 15 2005 368 25 1974 2516 1999 833 16 1993 349 26 1989 2237 1985 737 17 1996 348 27 1979 1968 1987 650 18 1982 341 28 1981 1769 1980 629 19 2001 321 29 1977 137

10 1984 623 20 2004 314

Sg. Muda @ Ladang Victoria

Sg. Muda @ Syed Omar

No. Year Q (m3/s) No. Year Q (m3/s) No. Year Q (m3/s)1 2003 1340 17 1968 572 33 1983 3932 1988 1225 18 1975 565 34 1991 3823 1996 1070 19 2005 565 35 1987 3774 1998 980 20 1976 549 36 1978 3755 1967 912 21 1969 546 37 1961 3746 1965 861 22 1977 542 38 2004 3407 1973 780 23 2001 539 39 1989 3328 1972 706 24 1971 535 40 1993 3269 1966 661 25 1963 516 41 1992 319

10 1999 651 26 1984 500 42 1986 31511 1964 640 27 1980 480 43 1962 26812 1997 626 28 1979 450 44 1974 26413 2000 626 29 1985 449 4514 2002 612 30 1981 436 4615 1970 602 31 1990 43316 1960 572 32 1982 399

Flood Ranking

Flood Frequency Analyses for Sg. Muda @ Ladang Victoria

Return Period Discharge (m3/s)

DID JICA (1995) REDAC (2006)Gumbel Type I

(Discharge Data from 1960 – 2005)

2 517 536

5 760 810 742

10 916 950 880

25 1125 1053

50 1275 1260 1182100 1423 1340 1309

200 1572 1436

Notes: 1988 Flood – 1225 m3/s (50-100 yr ARI) 1998 Flood – 980 m3/s (25-yr ARI)

2003 Flood – 1340 m3/s (100-yr ARI)

2003 Hydrograph @ Ldg Victoria

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Hour

Dis

ch

arg

e,

Q(m

3 /s)

Jan Feb Mac Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Q = 1340m3/s

Hydrological Modelling

Hydrological Modeling

Design Flood Hydrograph of 5, 20, 50 and 100 yr ARI

for Sg Muda at Ladang Victoria (JICA, 1995)

Design Flood Hydrograph of 5, 20, 50 and 100 yr ARI

for Sg Muda at Ladang Victoria (Zaaba, 2002)

• DISCHARGE STATION:– Jambatan Syed Omar (5606410)– Ladang Victoria (5505412)

• RAINFALL STATION:– Bt. 27 Jln. Baling (5507076)– Bt. 61 Jln. Baling (5808001)– Jeniang Klinik (5806066)– Komplek Rumah Muda (6108001)

• MODEL SET UP– CALIBRATION –OCTOBER 2003– VALIDATION – NOVEMBER 1998

HEC-HMS

RAINFALL & DISCHARGE STATION LOCATIONS

5806414

BARRAGEJENIANG

5606410

5505412

BARRAGEMUDA

PETANISUNGAI

KETILKUALA

REMANDAM

N

LUMPURKUALA

KEDAH

PINANG

SEMBILAN

PULAU

PERAK

SELANOGOR

NEGERI

MELAKAJOHOR

PAHANG

TERENGGANUKELANTAN

STUDY AREA

5608418

BALING

SCALE

SIK

NAMI

BERIS DAM

DAMMUDA

S.M

UD

A

RAINFALL GAGE WEIGHT

CatchmentArea Weighted Rainfall Stations

(sq.km) 6108001 5808001 5806066 5507076

Nami 1661 0.61 0.27 0.12 -

Sik-Ketil 1718 - 0.34 0.25 0.41

Sidam 616 - - - 1.00

Sg.Muda DS 215 - - 0.07 0.93

Schematic Modelling of Sg Muda Using HEC-HMS

CALIBRATION RESULTS (2003 Flood)

VALIDATION RESULTS (1998 Flood)

Design Peak Discharges Comparisons

Comparison of Hydrograph at Ladang Victoria

Comparison of Hydrograph at Ladang Victoria

0

200400

600

800

10001200

1400

1600

18002000

2200

2400

6 24 42 60 78 90 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288

Time (h)

Dis

char

ge (

cum

ec)

50 yr (Qmax=1768 cumec)-Hec-Hms100 yr (Qmax=2001 cumec)-Hec-Hms50 yr (Qmax=1815 cumec)-JPZ100 yr (Qmax=2130 cumec)-JPZFlood 2003 (Qmax=1340 cumec)

Hydraulic Modelling with HEC-RAS

Simulated Flood Profiles for Alternative 2 under 50-year and 100-year ARI with

Proposed Bund Levels along Sg. Muda

Study Area

Cross Section at CH 41.2

HEC-RAS Modelling

Cross Section Points of Sg Muda in HEC-RAS Modelling

Tidal @ kedah Pier (1 - 31 Oct 2003)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

6555 6605 6655 6705 6755 6805 6855 6905 6955 7005 7055 7105 7155 7205 7255

Time (Hour)

Hei

gh

t (m

)

Oct

Longitudinal Flood Profile for Sg Muda (Q=1340m3/s)

Muda Barrage Merdeka Bridge

Expressway

BridgeRailway

Bridge Bridge

Pipe

Bridge

Velocities Profile of Sg. Muda (Q=1340m3/s)

Longitudinal Flood Profiles 50 ARI

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vati

on (

m, L

SD

)

Existing Bed Level Flood 2003 50 yr ARI (HEC-RAS) 50 yr ARI (JPZ) Bund

Longitudinal Section for Sg. Muda Kedah (n = 0.025)

Flood Levels under 1 in 50 yr and 100 yr ARIs, with Proposed Bund Levels for Sg Muda

Node CumulativeDistance

ExistingInvert

Flood Profiles

Proposed Cross Section; EXTRAN-XP (JPZ, 2000)

Existing Cross Section;HEC-RAS (n = 0.025)

50 yr ARI 100 yr ARI Bund

Design HydrographFlood 2003

50 yr ARI 100 yr ARI

CH41 40275 1.09 10.01 10.68 11.01 10.16 10.71 9.32

CH25 24821 0.17 6.77 7.72 8.02 6.85 7.32 5.96

CH14 13142 -2.47 4.50 4.92 5.50 4.76 5.10 4.13

CH3 3413 -3.46 2.46 2.54 3.46 2.31 2.41 1.86

CH2 2152 -2.28 2.17 2.19 3.17 2.22 2.31 1.74

CH1 1294 -2.09 1.84 1.84 2.84 2.10 2.16 1.57

River Mouth

-7.80 1.39 1.39 2.39 1.90 1.90 1.30

Proposed Bund Levels for Sg Muda

Node 50 yr ARI(JPZ, 2000)

Bund(JPZ, 2000)

Flood 2003 Differencein m

CH41 10.01 11.01 9.32 1.69

CH25 6.77 8.02 5.96 2.06

CH14 4.50 5.50 4.13 1.37

CH3 2.46 3.46 1.86 1.60

CH2 2.17 3.17 1.74 1.43

CH1 1.84 2.84 1.57 1.27

River Mouth 1.39 2.39 1.30 1.09

Sediment Sampling

River Bed and Bank Sampling

Site No.

Chainage No.

Name of Location Total Sample

No. of Samples

Bank Material

(left)

Bed Material

Bank Material(right)

M1 Ch. 0.20 River Mouth 8 1 7 0

M2 Ch. 0.80 River Mouth 10 1 7 2

M3 Ch. 1.40 Kg. Sg Deraka 10 1 7 2

M4 Ch. 2.97 Kg. Pulau Mertajam 10 1 7 2

M5 Ch. 4.86 Kuala Muda Bridge 13 3 7 3

M6 Ch. 12.64 Merdeka Bridge 13 3 7 3

M7 Ch. 25.20 Pinang Tunggal Bridge 13 3 7 3

M8 Ch. 39.50 Ladang Victoria Bridge 13 3 7 3

M9 Ch. 23.60 Kuari 1 3 - 3 -

M10 Ch. 25.60 Kuari 2 3 - 3 -

M11 Ch. 31.00 Kuari Kg Pantai Perai 3 - 3 -

M12 Ch. 33.40 Kuari Kg Terat Batu 3 - 3 -

M13 Ch. 36.80 Kg Sidam Kanan 9 1 7 1

M14 Ch. 33.80 Kg Lubok Ekor 9 1 7 1

M15 Ch. 30.80 Kg Pantai Perai 9 1 7 1

M16 Ch. 23.10 Kg Matang Berangan 9 1 7 1

M17 Ch. 21.90 Kg Lahar Tiang 9 1 7 1

Total 147 21 103 23

Bank Material Sampling @ Ch 1.40, Kg. Sg Deraka

Bed Sediment Sampling

Mean Sediment Size for Bed Material

Site No.Chainage

No.Name of Location

D50 (mm)

Left Bank

Main Channel

Right Bank

M1 Ch. 0.20 River Mouth 1 0.900 0.425 -

M2 Ch. 0.80 River Mouth 2 0.216 0.063 0.600

M3 Ch. 1.40 Kg. Sg Deraka 0.063 0.150 0.040

M4 Ch. 2.97 Kg. Pulau Mertajam 0.300 0.300 0.040

M5 Ch. 4.86 Kuala Muda Bridge 0.150 0.150 0.063

M6 Ch. 12.64 Merdeka Bridge 0.090 1.000 0.050

M7 Ch. 25.20 Pinang Tunggal Bridge 0.212 0.425 0.063

M8 Ch. 39.50 Ladang Victoria Bridge 0.212 1.800 0.050

M9 Ch. 23.60 Kuari 1 - 1.180 -

M10 Ch. 25.60 Kuari 2 - 1.000 -

M11 Ch. 31.00 Kuari Kg Pantai Perai - 1.500 -

M12 Ch. 33.40 Kuari Kg Terat Batu - 1.800 -

M13 Ch. 36.80 Kg Sidam Kanan 0.040 1.180 0.036

M14 Ch. 33.80 Kg Lubok Ekor 0.014 0.036 0.020

M15 Ch. 30.80 Kg Pantai Perai 0.050 0.050 2.000

M16 Ch. 23.10 Kg Matang Berangan 0.036 0.036 0.036

M17 Ch. 21.90 Kg Lahar Tiang 0.036 0.212 0.070

Bed Material Sampling

Sand Mining 1 (d/s Pinang

Tunggal)

Jbt Pinang

Tunggal

Jbt Ldg Victoria

Sand Mining 2 (u/s Pinang

Tunggal)

Pantai Perai

(Sand Mining 3)

Sand Mining 4 (Batu Tera)

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00

G3A

d50=1.30 mm

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00

G5A

d50=2.50 mm

d50=1.20 mm

d50=2.50 mm

Bed Material Sampling

Muara 1

Muara 2

Muara 3

Muara 4

Jbt Kota Kuala Muda

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

0.00 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00

Particle size mm

Pe

rcen

tag

e p

ass

ing

Medium Fine CoarseMedium MediumFine Coarse Fine Coarse CoarseFine

CLAY

COBBLES

SILT GRAVELSAND

63u 212u 425u 1.18mm3.35

6.314 mmBS sieve aperture size, mm

d50=0.11 mm

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

0.00 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00

Particle size mm

Perc

enta

ge p

assin

g

Medium Fine CoarseMedium MediumFine Coarse Fine Coarse CoarseFine

CLAY

COBBLES

SILT GRAVELSAND

63u 212u 425u 1.18mm3.35

6.314 mmBS sieve aperture size, mm

d50=0.10 mm

Bed Load Sampling @ Ladang Victoria

Suspended Load Sampling @ Ladang Victoria

Ladang Victoria (21 August 2006)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Particle size (mm)

Per

cent

age

Pas

sing

(%

)

Left

Center

Right

Average

d50 = 0.0000095 m

Mean Sediment Size for Suspended Load

Location Date Tt (kg/s) D50 (m)

Ladang Victoria 12 July 2006 12.308 0.00000200

17 July 2006 8.971 0.00000200

26 July 2006 11.262 0.00000440

7 August 2006 8.335 0.00000105

14 August 2006 8.896 0.00000085

21 August 2006 5.387 0.00000095

28 August 2006 4.349 0.00000092

Pinang Tunggal 2 August 2006 16.478 0.00000110

Summary of Data Collection

No. Date Q V B Yo A P R S0 n

Sample ( m3/s ) ( m/s ) ( m ) ( m ) ( m2 ) ( m ) ( m )

LV01 12.07.2006 109.89 0.94 94.0 2.52 111.165 95.150 1.17 0.0002 0.0159

LV02 19.07.2006 47.21 0.71 82.0 1.80 66.835 82.808 0.81 0.0002 0.0174

LV03 26.07.2006 33.12 0.59 80.0 1.53 51.400 80.967 0.63 0.0002 0.0162

LV04 07.08.2006 27.78 0.59 72.0 1.41 55.135 72.827 0.76 0.0002 0.0233

LV05 14.08.2006 24.71 0.53 42.0 1.36 41.31 70.5846 0.59 0.0002 0.0165

LV06 21.08.2006 28.35 0.59 46.0 1.33 45.675 70.5251 0.65 0.0002 0.0171

LV07 28.08.2006 27.18 0.54 48.0 1.57 47.085 68.896 0.68 0.0002 0.0190

River Modelling

Geometry Data

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Chainage (km)

Ele

vati

on (

m, L

SD

)

Existing Bed Level Flood 2003 50 yr ARI (FL-12)50 yr ARI (JPZ) Bund Predicted Bed Level (FL-12)Predicted Bed Level (JPZ)

Longitudinal Section for Sg. Muda Kedah (n = 0.025)

Flood Levels under 1 in 50 yr ARI, with Proposed Bund Levels for Sg Muda

Sediment Delivery (Flood Oct 2003)

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

0 10 20 30 40

Chainage (km)

Se

dim

en

t D

eliv

ery

(to

ns

)Peak After Flood

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50

Distance (m)

Ele

vati

on (

m)

Predicted Bed Level (Design: ARI-50) Predicted Water Level (Design: ARI-50)Predicted Bed Level (Design: ARI-100) Predicted Water Level (Design: ARI-100)Predicted Bed Level (JPZ: ARI-50) Predicted Water Level (JPZ: ARI-50)Predicted Bed Level (JPZ: ARI-100) Predicted Water Level (JPZ: ARI-100)Existing Bed Level

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50

Distance (m)

Ele

vati

on (

m)


Cross Section Changes (n=0.025)

(a) Ch. 39.50 (M8-Ladang Victoria Bridge)

(b) Ch 31.60 (Kuari Kg

Pantai Perai )

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50

Distance (m)

Ele

vati

on (

m)



(c) Ch. 25.20 (M7-Pinang Tunggal Bridge )

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100

Distance (m)

Ele

vati

on (

m)


(d) Ch. 23.00 (Kg Lahar Tiang)


-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50

Distance (m)

Ele

vati

on (

m)


(e) Ch. 21.90 (M17-Kg Lahar Tiang)

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50

Distance (m)

Ele

vati

on (

m)


(f) Ch. 15.40 (Bumbong Lima)

Mitigation and Protection Works

Sand and Gravel Mining

Kampong Kubang Bedengong Kampong Lubok Segintah

River Sand Mining

Sand Mining Pumping Activity

Bridge Crossing Protection

-Sand mining has caused serious degradation of Sg Muda

-In-stream sand and gravel mining should not be allowed

Channel realignment

Channel Realignment

River Bank Protection

- The stability of the proposed riverbank protection measures can be seriously impacted by sand-gravel mining. In-stream mining activities should be prohibited to ensure stability of the proposed design.

•Diversion to Sg. Merbok not

recommended

• Likely sedimentation

upstream of Muda Barrage

Floodway to Sg. Korok

Diversion to Sg. Korok not

recommended

RECOMMENDATIONS

• The 2003 flood discharge of 1,340 cms is recommended for the design. The bund height should be determined from the flood stage plus freeboard.

• Sand and gravel mining can cause major stability problems to river stabilization structures. In-stream mining should be prohibited. Off-stream mining should be allowed at a minimum distance of 50 m from the bank line.

• The cross section geometry of the channel should not be changed. The realignment of two reaches should be considered: Merdeka Bridge & Kg Lahar Tiang

• The diversions to Sg. Merbok and Sg. Korok are not recommended

Terima Kasih!Terima Kasih!

Documents

DESIGN OPTION OF THE FLOOD MITIGATION PLAN OF SG. MUDA, SUNGAI MUDA, KEDAH Final Draft REPORT