Review for Cell Theory and Cell Organelle Exam

Test Date Friday 11/10/06

All Objectives from Cell Organelle

• List the 3 parts of the cell theory• Determine why cell have to be small• Compare the structure of prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cells• Describe the role of the nucleus in cell activity• Explain the role of each organelle in the cell• Summarize the importance of mitochondria in

eukaryotic cells• Identify 3 structures on plant cells that are not

present in animal cells

Vocabulary WordsKnow these words and what their roles are if

there are any

• Cell theory• Cell membrane• Cytoskeleton• Cytoplasm• Ribosome• Prokaryotic• Cell wall• Eukaryotic• nucleus

• Organelle• Phospholipids• Lipid bilayer• Endoplasmic

reticulum• Golgi Apparatus• Lysosomes• Mitochondria• Chloroplast• Central vacuole

Cell Theory

The 3 parts to Cell Theory1. All living things are made of one or

more cells2. Cells are the basic units of structure

and function in organisms3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells

Cell Theory Scientists

• Robert Hooke

• Mattis Schledian

• Theodor Schwann

• Rudolph Virchow

Called it a cell

Cell make up the entire plant

Animals have cells too

Cells comes from other cells

4 Common Features in Cells

• Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm

• Cytoskeleton

• Ribosomes

• Outer boundary• Cells interior (cell

fluid)• Bonelike

structures that supports the cell

• Cellular structures on which proteins are made

Prokaryotes

• Single cells organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartments

• Early prokaryotes lived at least 3.5 billion years ago

• Example: Bacteria

Prokaryote

• Cell wall: surrounds the cell membrane and provides structures and support

• Flagella/cilia: long thread like structures that allow the prokaryote to move

• Lack: cytoskeleton, nuclear envelope, other organelles

Eukaryotes

• Are organisms that have a nucleus

• Have organelles• Use flagella/cilia again

for movement (single celled)

• Remember all organelles: mitochondria, microfilaments, microtubules, Lysosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Smooth ER, Rough ER, Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, Nucleus, nuclear envelope, Nucleolus, Nuclear pore

Eukaryotic Cells

• Remember both plant and animal cells can be eukaryotic

• WHY?

Plant Cells

• Plant cells have a few added parts that make them unique• Chloroplasts• Large Vacuole• Cell Wall• Square or block in

appearance

Animal Cells

• Animal cells have a few added parts that make them unique• Cell membrane

(lipid bilayer)• Round in

appearance

Nucleus

• All important information and the function of cell are contained here

• Made up of a nuclear envelope, nuclear pores and a nucleolus

• DNA is kept here

Ribosomes

• Are the places at which protein chain (Amino acid chains) are formed

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Is an extensive system of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell

• 2 Types• Rough ER & Smooth

ER• (Post Office)

Golgi Apparatus

• Is a flattened membrane –bound sacs that serves as packaging and distribution center of the cell

• Receives protein from ER and sends it to parts of cell that need it (Mailman)

Lysosomes

• Small, spherical organelles that contain the cell’s digestive enzymes

• Clean Up crew• (Custodians)

Mitochondria (Farmer)

• That harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

• 2 membranes• Outer smooth• Inner folded

(maze/large surface area)

Mitochondrial DNA

• Mitochondria has its own DNA

• A long time ago mitochondria was a bacteria cell on its own

• Then a eukaryotic cell saw that it could be useful to have and a symbiotic relationship followed

Chloroplasts

• Light harvesting organelles that make carbohydrates from CO2

• Found in plants and also eukaryotic cells such as: seaweed and algae

• Has 2 membranes• Contains its own DNA• Was a descendent of an

ancient prokaryotic cells

Central Vacuole

• Stores water and may contain many substances, including ions, nutrients and wastes

• When full it makes the plant rigid

CellsCell Concept Map

b a cte ria

w h ich a re kn o w n as

o rg a ne lles

w h ich la ck

P ro ka ryo tic

p ro tis ts fu n g i p la n ts a n im a ls

w h ich a re fo un d in

o rg a ne lles

w h ich con ta in

E u ka ryo tic

ca n be

C e lls

Cell Organelle Concept Map

C ell O rganelles

C h lo rop la s ts C e ll W a ll C e n tra l V acu o le

W h ich C on ta in

P la n t C e lls

C e ll M em b ra ne M ito cho n d ria

W h ich C o nta ins

A n im a l C e lls

E u ka ryo tic C e lls

GOOD LUCK

• If you study this, your notes, your handouts and textbook you will be ok

• Remember can we try not to have what happened last time

• This will be found on the www.whsd.net under cells than under review if you need it tonight at home