Cell Organelle Notes

Cell Organelles

•READ THE MESSAGE BELOW!!!!!

• You should already know all of the cell organelles and their functions, but just in case you forgot, the following slides will give you the name and function of the cell organelles that you need to know.

Cell Organelle• Cell Membrane –

surrounds the cell, made up of phospholipids and proteins.

Cell Membrane• Function: is to control what goes in

and out of the cell. • This means cell membranes are

selectively permeable.

Organelles

• Cytoplasm – the fluid in the cell that holds the organelles in place.

Mitochondria• Mitochondria are scattered

throughout the cytoplasm.• Function: makes energy (ATP)• The more ATP a cell needs the more

mitochondria it will have in the cytoplasm.– Ex. Liver cells and muscle cells

Ribosomes• Ribosomes are the most numerous

organelles in the cell.• Function: produce proteins.• Some ribosomes are inserted into

membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (called Rough E.R.)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• The ER functions as an intracellular highway, is a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• A cell has 2 types of ER:• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough

ER): which produces large amounts of proteins to be exported.– Has ribosome in membrane (makes it rough)

• Smooth ER: is used to synthesis steroids in gland cells, regulate calcium in muscles, and break down toxins in liver cells.

Golgi Apparatus• Golgi Apparatus

Function: processes, packages, and secrets proteins in the cell to prepare them for export.

Lysosomes• Lysosomes Function: are spherical

organelles that digest proteins, carbs, lipids, DNA, RNA, organelles, and viruses.

• Lysosomes are like the clean up crew for the cell. (Garbage men).

Cilia and Flagella• Cilia (hair like)• Flagella (tail like)• Function:

organelles that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement.

Cilia and Flagella• Cilia are also found on the surfaces

of cells in multicellular organisms.• Where can they be found on human

cell surfaces?• On cells lining your respiratory tract• They trap particles from the air you

inhale.

Nucleus• Nucleus function:• 1. Stores

hereditary information in its DNA.

• 2. Site where RNA is copied from DNA

• 3. Contains the nucleolus

Nucleus• Most nucleus

contain one spherical area inside the nucleus called the Nucleolus.

• Nucleolus – is where you find all of the DNA.

Plant Cells• Plant cell have 3 additional parts.• 1. Cell walls• 2. Vacuoles• 3. Plastids• All are important to plant functions.

Cell Walls• Cell Wall - lies

outside the cell membrane.

• The cell wall function: helps support and protects the cell.

• The cell wall is mostly made up of cellulose, a type of carbohydrate.

Vacuoles• Vacuoles function –

is a store molecules like enzymes, wastes, and mostly water.

• Can take up to 90% of the cells space.

Plastids• Plastids – contain pigments, which

absorb visible light (for photosynthesis).

• Most familiar type of plastid is the chloroplast.

• Chloroplast – are organelles that convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).