Agenda

Standard Cell Organelle Notes Cell Organelle Campaign

Standard

SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.

Cell Structures and Function

Cell Organelles

TINY MEMBRANE-BOUND STRUCTURES THAT PERFORM SPECIAL FUNCTIONS INSIDE THE CELL

Cell WallPlant, Fungi, &

Bacteria, but not animal cells

Outer layer Rigid & strong Made of cellulose Provide support and

protection

Cell Membrane All cells Double layer of

phospholipids with proteins Selectively permeable support and protection Controls movement of

materials in/out of cell Barrier between cell and its

environment Maintains homeostasis

Nucleus

All eukaryotes Large, oval Holds DNA  Controls cell activities Contains the hereditary

material of the cell

Cytoplasm

All cells Clear, thick, jellylike material Contains the cytoskeleton

fibers Supports and protects cell

organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Eukaryotes Network of tubes or membranes Smooth w/o ribosomes Rough with embedded

ribosomes Carries materials through cell Aids in making proteins

Ribosomes All cells Small bodies; can be free or

attached to ER Made of rRNA & protein Synthesizes proteins

Mitochondria Eukaryotes Peanut shaped  Double membrane Inner membrane folded into

cristae Breaks down sugar

(glucose) molecules to release energy

Site of cellular respiration

Vacuole Plant (large), Animal (small) Fluid-filled sacs Largest organelle in plant

cells Store food, water, metabolic

& toxic wastes Store large amounts of food

or sugars in plants

Lysosomes

Plant (uncommon), Animal (common) Small and round with a single membrane Breaks down larger food molecules into

smaller molecules Digests old cell parts

Chloroplast Plant and Algae Green, oval  containing

chlorophyll (green pigment) Uses energy from sun to

make food (glucose) Site of photosynthesis Release oxygen

Nucleolus

Eukaryotes Found inside the cell's

nucleus Disappears during cell

division Make ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus (Body) Plant and Animal Stacks of flattened sacs Modify proteins made by the

cells Package & export proteins

and lipids

Flagella and Cilia Some animal cells,

prokaryotes Cilia are short and

numerous Flagella are long, usually

only one or two on a cell Provides movement for

the cell Made of microtubules

Centrioles

Animal Made of microtubules

and microfilaments Strengthen cell &

maintains the shape Moves organelles

within the cell

Cytoskeleton

All cells Strengthen cell &

maintains the shape Moves organelles

within the cell Made of microtubules

and microfilaments