REVIEW

2014-2015

THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT

WHY WAS THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION A RESULT OF THE RENAISSANCE AND PROTESTANT REFORMATION?

• More people were educated

• People were open to new ideas and okay with challenging traditions

• Printing press helped spread ideas quickly and to far away places

• Geocentric Theory

WHAT THEORY OF THE UNIVERSE DOES THIS PICTURE REPRESENT?

WHO WAS THE FIRST SCIENTIST TO BELIEVE THE SUN WAS AT THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE?

• Copernicus

WHICH SCIENTIST USED A TELESCOPE TO PROVE THAT THE SUN WAS AT THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE?

A. Andreas Vesalius

B. Nicolaus Copernicus

C. Galileo Galilei

D. Robert Boyle

WHICH SCIENTIST PROVED THAT BLOOD CIRCULATES THROUGH YOUR BODY?

• William Harvey

• The sun was in the center of the universe.

WHAT IS THE HELIOCENTRIC THEORY?

THOMAS HOBBES BELIEVED PEOPLE ARE NATURALLY ________________.

• Bad, cruel, violent

DEFINE SOCIAL CONTRACT.

• A social contract is an agreement between people and their government.

WHAT MAJOR EVENT INFLUENCED THOMAS HOBBES TO BELIEVE THAT ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES WERE THE BEST TYPE OF GOVERNMENT?

A. The English Civil War

B. The Edict of Nantes

C. Galileo’s trial

D. The coup of Tsar Nicholas II

ACCORDING TO JOHN LOCKE, IT IS ACCEPTABLE FOR PEOPLE TO REVOLT AGAINST THEIR GOVERNMENT IF….

• The government does not protect the people and their natural rights.

JOHN LOCKE BELIEVED PEOPLE ARE NATURALLY _______________.

• Good

WHICH FEMALE ENLIGHTENED THINKER BELIEVED THAT WOMEN COULD ACHIEVE EQUALITY THROUGH EDUCATION?

A.Emile du Chatelet

B.Madame Geoffrin

C.Mary Wollstonecraft

THE ENLIGHTENMENT COULD BE CONSIDERED THE SEARCH FOR ___________________ TO CREATE THE BEST ___________________.

• Natural Laws

• Government

BARON DE MONTESQUIEU BELIEVED GOVERNMENTS SHOULD HAVE…

• 3 branches – judicial, executive, and legislative

• Separation of powers and checks and balances between powers

WHAT IS A SALON?

• A meeting in someone’s house where philosophes discuss their ideas

THIS ENLIGHTENED PHILOSOPHER WAS WILLING DIE FOR HIS RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF SPEECH…

• Voltaire

DIDEROT CREATED THE FIRST _________________.

• Encyclopedia

ROUSSEAU BELIEVED THAT ONLY AN _______________ GOVERNMENT, CHOSEN BY THE PEOPLE, CAN LIMIT RIGHTS AND THAT LAWS SHOULD BE BASED ON THE “GENERAL _____” OF THE PEOPLE.

• Elected

• General will

WHY IS MADAME GEOFFRIN CONSIDERED TO BE A WOMAN OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT?

• She hosted the best salons – which allowed for ideas to be discussed

ISAAC NEWTON’S PRINCIPIA WAS TRANSLATED AND CORRECTED BY WHICH ENLIGHTENED WOMAN?

A. Mary Wollstonecraft

B. Madame Geoffrin

C. Emile du Chatelet

BESIDES HER TRANSLATION, WHAT IS ONE OTHER ACCOMPLISHMENT OF EMILE DU CHATELET?

• Published author

• Self-taught – no formal education

WHAT IS THE FOLLOWING PROCESS CALLED?

HYPOTHESISCOLLECT DATAANALYZE DATACONCLUSION

• Scientific Method

WHO WROTE ABOUT SUPPLY AND DEMAND AND BELIEVED THE BEST ECONOMIC POLICY WAS “LAISSEZ FAIRE”?

• Adam Smith

GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF WHY FREDERICK THE GREAT ENLIGHTENED.

• Banned the use of torture – unless the person committed murder or treason

• Freedom of speech/press

• Freedom of religion

• Improved schools

GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF WHY JOSEPH WAS ENLIGHTENED.• Religious freedom

• Ended censorship

• Freed the Serfs

• Built hospitals

• Got rid of the death penalty

• Lessaiz Faire economic policy

WHICH SCIENTIST WAS ABLE TO FIGURE OUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ELEMENT AND A COMPOUND?

A. Ambroise Pare

B. Isaac Newton

C. Robert Boyle

D. Andreas Vesaulius

1. Only an Elected government can limit rights and laws should be based on general will.

2. A ruler must protect natural rights otherwise people can revolt.

3. People give up their personal rights to an absolute ruler who will keep them safe.

1. Rousseau

2. John Locke

3. Thomas Hobbes

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS ROUSSEAU’S THEORY OF SOCIAL CONTRACT?

WHICH ENLIGHTENED MONARCH MADE A LOT OF PROMISES BUT DID NOT FOLLOW THROUGH?

A. Frederick the Great of Prussia

B. Joseph of Austria

C. Catherine the Great of Russia

CATHERINE OF RUSSIA AND JOSEPH’S BROTHER IN AUSTRIA DID NOT ENACT A LOT OF ENLIGHTENED IDEAS BECAUSE THEY FEARED….

• The nobles would revolt!

WHAT IS AT LEAST ONE WAY THAT CATHERINE THE GREAT OF RUSSIA WAS ENLIGHTENED?

• Allowed limited religious toleration

• Restrict the practice of torture

• Improved education