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ScientificRevolution/
Enlightenment
Exploration
Muslim Empires: Ottoman
and Mughal
Absolutism
Colonies in America
East Asia
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SCIENTIFICREVOLUTION/
ENLIGHTENMENTEXPLORATION
MUSLIM EMPIRES
ABSOLUTISM COLONIESIN AMERICA
EAST ASIA
Believed in the heliocentric conception of the universe
WHO IS COPERNICUS?
Medieval “natural philosophers” relied on a few ancient authorities, especially Galen and ___________.
Who is Aristotle?
Developed a scientific method built uponinductive principles that became widely used during
the Scientific Revolution
Who is Bacon?
Used mathematical proofs that supported hisUniversal law of gravitation and
defined three laws of motion
Who is Newton?
A short-lived Scientific Revolution group that received statesalaries and stressed the practical value of
scientific research (by collecting machines to study)?
What is the French Royal Academy of Sciences?
Started a school for navigatorsAnd outfitted caravels to send ships
in search for a sea route aroundAfrica
Who is Prince Henry?
The Treaty of Tordesillas was made between these two nations when the pope drew a line of demarcation
running north and south down the middle of theAtlantic Ocean
Who are Spain and Portugal?
This Portuguese mariner working for Spaindiscovered the strait later named for him at thesouthernmost tipe of South America; name the
Pacific (Peaceful) Ocean
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
The system where Native Americans In Spanish America paid a share of
What they harvested to the leading Spaniard inExchange for protection; they were also
Expected to convert to Catholicism
What is the encomienda system?
The first Europeans to import enslaved Africans to work on their plantations in North American
to grow sugar, rice, tobacco, and indigo
Who are the French?
Christian Byzantine city destroyed by Mehmet II’s Ottoman forces
What is Constantinople?
Young Christian men taken to serveAs the elite guard and well-armed infantry
Of the Ottoman sultan
What are the Janissaries?
Greatest Ottoman sultan whose forces wereStopped at Vienna by the Austrians
And defeated by the Spanish at Lepanto, thusKeeping the sultan from ruling Western Europe
And all of the Mediterranean Sea.
Who is Suleyman theMagnificent?
Grandson of Babur, he conquered and extendedMughal rule to most of the Indian
subcontinent
Who is Akbar?
After defeating the Mughal forces in the BattleOf Plassey, it won the right to collect taxes
Around Calcutta and began the process of transferringIndia to the British
What is the British EastIndia Company?
In the 16th C, experienced 36 years of civil war because the Huguenots
Were persecuted by the ultra-Catholic monarchs
What is France?
The belief that the monarch receivesPower directly from God
What is divine right Of kings?
Refers to the political system in whichUltimate authority rests
With the monarch.
What is absolutism?
He said that the purpose of governmentWas to ensure the protection of natural rights; Government was a social contract; when the
Government failed to protect rights, thepeople had the right to revolt.
Who is John Locke?
Leader of the Roundheads whoTook the throne from Charles I in the English
Civil War
What is Oliver Cromwell?
The economic theory which encouragesCountries to build up a large supply of
Gold and silver by exporting moreGoods than they import
What is mercantilism?
England’s persecuted Protestantsfirst took refuge in this colony
What is Massachusetts / New England
First permanent English settlement Established by the London or Virginia Co.
What is Jamestown?
The economic reason so manyEnglishmen sought farmland in America
What is the enclosuremovement?
A Dutch possession seized by the English so that Britain could connect
Its existing colonies
What New York (Amsterdam)?
The Japanese shogunate controlled theDaimyo lords through this system
By forcing them to keep two residences
What is the hostageSystem?
“Ronin” released fromservitude to their lords during
The “Great Peace” of the Tokugawa shogunate
What are samurai?
A series of weak rulers;Inflation;
Disruped silver trade;Harsh winter and poor crops;
Government corruption;Unrest and instability
What are causes of theMing dynasty collapse?
During the 17th C, most members of bothGroups were forced to leave China and Japan
What are merchants andmissionaries?
After this city surrendered, the South was cut into half
To make Confucian ideals known to the masses and to maintain social order, this
Manchu (Qing) emperor issuedThe Sacred Edict
Who was Kangxi?
THE SCIENTIFICREVOLUTION/
ENLIGHTENMENT
EXPLORATION
MUSLIM EMPIRES
ABSOLUTISM
COLONIES INAMERICA
EAST ASIA
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THE SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTIONExploration
MUSLIM EMPIRES
ABSOLUTISMCOLONIES
IN AMERICA
EAST ASIA
$1200$1200$1200$1200
$1600 $1600 $1600 $1600
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The greatest philosopher of antiquityWho lived in the second century A.D.The Roman Catholic Church believed
in his geocentric view of the “universe.”
Who was Ptolemy?
His first law showed thatthe orbits of the planets around
the sun were not circularbut elliptical, with the sun toward
one end of the ellipse
What was JohannesKepler?
Leadership in science passed fromItaly to _______
What are northern countries of England, the
Dutch Netherlands and France?
Nickname of the Ottoman and MughalEmpires because of their superior
seige and firearm technology
What are the“Gunpowder Empires”?
Queen Elizabeth allowed attacks onSpanish ships by these privately-
Owned ships licensed by the Government to attack the merchant
Ships of other countries
What are privateers?
European country that first built settlements around
The African coast and began the European slave trade in Africa
Who are the Portuguese?
Conquered the Inca in Peru
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
They looked for a Northwest Passage throughWhat is now Canada
Who are the French?
The Virginia Company was granted a charter By this king to
Plant colonies in Virginia
Who is King James I?
Hobbles believed that people are selfish and wicked
And need an all-powerful government That he called _____
What is Leviathan?
Chief minister who conducted the sultan’s Imperial council in weekly meetings
Who was the Grand Vezir (wazir)?
The Ottoman sultans (caliphs) gave this supremeReligious authority power to defend
The Islamic faith
Who is the ulema?
Ottoman Sultans preferred to haveThese local rulers collect taxes, maintain
Law and order, and report directly toIstanbul
Who are pashas?
European city that Suleyman Failed to conquer
What is Vienna?
Tax collectors in the Mughal Dynastieswho exercised much power over
local people.
Who are zamindars?
Louis XIV kept noblesout of politics by keeping them
Very busyat this court
What is Versailles?
Russia’s Ivan IV became the first ruler toTake this title of “Caesar”
What is czar (tsar)?
Ambitious tsar who westernized Russia,Made it a great military power, and began
A new city as a “window on the West”
Who is Peter the Great?
Superior fighting forces of the Qing Empire
What are the bannermen?
Claimed that small groups of people shouldForm democratic governmentsbased upon the general will;
Believed people are corrupted by ______________________.
Who are the media, art,schools,
government ?
European power that searchedFor the northwest Passage to Asia,
Claimed Canada, explored theMississippi River, and built
fur-trading posts
What is France?
This document written in 1689, limited the power of theEnglish monarch, guaranteed certain rights to Englishmen,
And influenced American government
What is the EnglishBill of Rights?
Japanese theater that emphasized violence,Music, dramatic gestures, and
entertainment
What is Kabuki?
To attract more settlers, this colony Established the “headright” system
What Jamestown,Virginia?
Colony founded by Separatists and where only male church men
could make laws and elect the governor
Who is Plymouth Bay?
Foreigners who took over China, ordered all males to adopt Manchu dress and hairstyle (shave foreheads and
braid hair), created a dyarchy system of government, andeventually expelled all Christian missionaries from China
Who are the Qing?
This powerful daimyo of Edo (Tokyo) tookControl of Japan and took the title of
“Shogun”; persecuted all Christians; expelledAll merchants except the
Dutch in Nagasaki; isolated Japan during “GreatPeace” until 1868
Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu?
The Imperial city where the Japanese Emperorresided
What is Kyoto?
The only country that did not get Expelled from Japan because theydid not conduct religious affairs
What is the Dutch / The Netherlands?
First Europeans to arrive in China to trade
Who are the Portuguese(Ocean Devils)?
The Jesuit missionary to China whoPointed out similarities betweenConfucian ethics and ChristianMorality; highly praised by the
Ming Emperor
Who is Matteo Ricci?
