The Enlightenment & Scientific Revolution

Age of Enlightenment - aka (also known as)

Age of Reason

Enlightenment = rationality ethics

knowledge reform

The Scientific Revolution

• = Ancient ideas of the church challenged by scholars

• Many scholars persecuted by the Church – Copernicus (Sun not earth

at center of universe)– Galileo Galiliei

(Telescope, New theories on space)

– Issac Newton (Gravity)

AutonomousRational

IndividualDependent Individual

ChurchMonarch

Before After

The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment

• = period of new ideas thoughts on government, the individual, and society

• Thomas Hobbes– Social Contract = People

must give up some of their rights to a strong ruler

– People are born evil

The Enlightenment

• John Locke– People are born free &

equal– Natural Rights (life,

liberty, & property– Govt. must protect these

rights

• Baron de Montesquieu– Believed in the seperation

of power in govt. – Should have checks and

balances

The Enlightenment• Jacques Rousseau

– People are born free but society corrupts them

• Mary Wollstonecraft– Equal rights for women /

education

• Voltaire– “I disagree with what you

say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

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