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HUMAN RESPIRATION

By :

Name : Fatahalani RizkikaStudent ID : B1K014017Entourage : II

!rou" : #$%%i%tant : &u'ky (ratama Suharto

(R$)*I)+, RE(-R* -F $NI,$& (.ISI-&-!/ I

,INIS*R/ -F RESE$R). *E).N-&-!/ $ND .I!.ERED+)$*I-N

ENDER$& S-EDIR,$N +NIERSI*/F$)+&*/ -F BI-&-!/

(+R2-KER*-

#013

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I IN*R-D+)*I-N

11 Ba'kground

Respiration is process gas exchange oxygen (O2) from the air by living

organisms that used metabolism to a series which will produce carbon dioxide

(CO2) that has to be spent, because it is not needed by the body. very living

being respiratory tract to get oxygen O2 used to burning nutrients in the cell

body. Respiration system in human involved total organs such as nose, mouth,

pharynx, trachea, bronchus and lungs. !unction of respiratory system is

facilitating respiration gas exchange between the atmosphere, lungs and tissuecells in the body ("edina, 2##$).

% model breathing human have count level that different. &ifferences

in different psychological level, show that main components that unstable every

breath where each component played role in respiratory system ('erma et

al. ,2##). %ccording to "adina (2##$), respiratory mechanism divided into two

inds that is breathing chest and stomach respiration. *reathing chest bones

happened because the movement of the rib cage by the muscles between his

ribs (intercostal). +tomach breathing happen because muscle movements

diaphragm (which restrict chest cavity and abdominal cavity). *reathing is one of

the characteristics and the activity living creatures.

ung function in gas exchange between out air and blood that is oxygen

from the air enter to blood, and carbon dioxide from blood out into the air. -he

gas exchange occurs through layer that consists of epithelial cell membrane,

basalis, liuid among cells endothelial capillary, plasma, membrane red blood

cells, and fluid intrasel blood red. /n addition, there is layer liuid

that thin surfactant on the surface and that to eep alveoli always distend. -he

process gas exchange occurs passively, depending on the difference in gas that is

in every compartement. -he process gas exchange occurs with the

diffusion (setiadi, 2##0).

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1# -56e'tie

-he purpose of practical class is measured volume inspiration and

expiration of normal respiration (volume tidal), measure how much greater lung

capacity that can be accessed respiration (air capacity building vital), and measure

the amount of volume lungs that can accommodate respiration normal air for

1 minutes (total volume).

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II ,$*ERI$& $ND ,E*.-D

#1 ,atter

-he tools that used is this practical class are auarium, large glass

measure, large glass and paper label, lapse, and stopwacth.

"aterials used in practicum is water and human beings as practicant.

## ,ethod

ow to use in practicum respiration human beings are as follows3

##1 )al'ulate *idal olume 8*91. 4ull your breath normally, then uicly exhale into the breaer through

the end of the hose.2. /mmediately disconnect the hose from your mouth. -he loose end of

hose should be located higher than the breaer.5. oo at the breaer scale, sign the volume of air that arise as your

exhale, the volume of air shows tidal volume respiration.6. 4erform the experiment also in practicant with different gender, then

compare the results7. 4erform experiment also after running activity.8. "easured the volume of air that formed

### ital )a"a'ity 8)9

1. /nhale deeply as hard, then uicly exhale into the breaer through the end

of the hose with a vengeance.2. /mmediately disconnect the hose from your mouth.5. +ign the scale in beaer glass which indicates the volume of air in the

blow. 'olume is a vital capacity of your lungs.6. 4erform the experiment also in practicant with different gender, then

compare the results7. "easured the volume of air that formed

## *otal olume 8*9

1. -o determine the total volume of your lungs do way as an experiment to

set the tidal volume2. &o the calculation of how many times the amount of your breathing

during several minutes.

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5. 4erform the experiment during the normal respiration and after running

activities.6. "ultiply the results of tidal volume and breath for one minutes.

III RES+&*S $ND DIS)+SSI-N

1 Re%ult

-able 1 . Observation &ata of uman Respiration

9roup

-idal 'olume (ml) 'ital Capacity

(ml)

-otal 'olume (ml)

:orma

lRun ; ; :ormal Run

1; 2## 208

$2## 18##; 10## 7$2#

; 1#$ 1#1 ; 551$ 6767

2 ; 7## 61#

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; 77$ 7## ; 11### 2###

5; 1517

150

7 1$07

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*ased on the test results volume tidal group men and women of 7## ml

and 77$ ml, first group 2## ml and 1#$ ml, group 5 normal 1517 ml and 7# ml,

group 6 normal 527 ml and 557 ml, group 7 of 507 ml and 507 ml in normal

condition . %fter running obtained tidal volume in the male and female group

1 of 208 ml and 1#1 ml, 2nd group of 7## ml and 61# ml, group 5 is 1507 ml

and 2#7 ml, group 6 is 52# ml and 527 ml, group 7 of 5$7 ml and 56# ml.

%ccording to 4earce (2##), volume air to everyone is different , depending on the

si=e lung, the power to breath, and more long way to breath. -he long activities,

detected freuency breathing more increasethat caused by the body movement

that strong, using many oxygen in muscles that can provide energy for activities,

will generate increase the number of carbon dioxide in the blood and conseuently

enlargement pulmonary ventilatory apparatus to stimulate impulses center

respiratory tract.

'ital capacity in male and female group 1 is $2## ml, and 18##ml, 2nd

group is

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ml and 168# ml. in normally the total capacity is 8### ml and to women 62##

ml. -he increase was to various factors, one of them was because the opening

some lung capillaries that had not actively affecting as well as large surface blood

and oxygen can diffuses (9uyton, 18).

*reathing is double process, is the

occurrence of gas exchange in the networ or

breathing in and happens in the lungs named

breathing out. %ir is drawn into the lungs and when

attractive time, driven to out the lung at the time

exhaling. >hen inhale air (inspiration) the chest

wall is actively interested in out by chest wall

contraction , and midriff chest (diaphragm) are

drawn to below. Reduced pressure in the

lungs causes air flows to the lungs. *lowing

out (expiration) caused by lung shrinage and was

followed by chest cavity diminished (%iello,

2##0).

+hrining lung volume also followed by

developers and shrining chest cavity. -ension

between lung and chest wall called pressure

intrapleural or intrathoacic. %ir pressure in the

lungs is inversely proportional to the pressure

outside of the lung. 4ressure changes lung

influenced by changes volume lung, the

relationship between changes volume and pressurelung almost linear and restricted by the elasticity

organs of lungs ( %. Rifa?i et al, 2#15).

ung volume is volume movement that the

air in and out of the lung. ungs volume can be

measured by using spirometer are closed. 'olume

was divided into four types, namely3

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1. -idal volume, is volumes of air inspired and expiration in every

breathing normally and the number approximately 7##ml.

2. Reserve /nspiration 'olume, is additional air volume that can be inspired

above normal tidal volume and the total about about 5###ml.

5. Reserves xpiration 'olume, total of air that are still able to out with

expiration strong after expiration normal tidal about 11## ml.

6. Residual volume is volumes of air is left in the lungs after most expiration

strong. -he total about 12## ml (+etiadi, 2##$).

% combination of lung capacity some volume lungs and then divided

into four parts, namely3

1. /nspiration capacity, the same as the volume tidal @ volume reserves

inspiration, the amount A 57## cc.2. Residual !unctional capacity, the same as the volume reserves inspiration @

residual volume, the amount A 25## cc.5. 'ital capacity, the same as the volume reserves inspiration @ volume

tidal@volume reserves expiration, the amount A 68## cc.

6. ung total capacity, the same as the -otal vital capacity @ residual volume,

the amount A 7,0## c (%strand,1$#).

-here are several factors that affect the speed freuency respiratory

system that is age. Children under five years have freuency breathing faster than

younger siblings, the more age, the intensity breathing will be more decreased.

9ender, the man?s freuency breathing faster than women. -he body temperature,

more than the temperature of the body (fever) so, freuency will be even faster

respiration. *ody position, freuency respiration increased when wal or run

compare with uite position, the freuency respiration standing position more

rapidly than sitting position, supin sleeping position respiratory freuency even

more rapidly than prone position. %ctivities, the more activities, so freuency will

be faster (/rianto, 2##6).

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I )-N)&+SI-N

*ased on the test results and discussion, it can be obtained conclusion that

as follows3

1. 'olume inspiration and expiration of normal respiration or volume tidal

obtained from group 2 of 7## ml for men , 77$ ml for women in a normal

condition for women. 61# for men and 7## ml to women after run activity.

2. 'ital capacity that can be accessed respiration of air to

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REFEREN)E

%iello, 2##0. ung &iffusion Capacity can 4redict "aximal Bercise in

%pparently ealthy eavy +moers. Journal of Sports Science andMedicine, $ 3 22256.

%strand. 1$#. !isiologi -ubuh "anusia. -ranslated by 9uyton, %C. 18.Daarta, *inarupa %sara.

Cameron, D.R. 1. Fisika Tubuh Manusia.-ranslated by amyarni, ".ng.Daarta. +agung +eto.

9uyton, %. C. 18. -ext *oo of "edical 4hysiology. -oronto 3 >. *. +aundersCompany 4hiladelphia ondon.

/rianto, E. 2##6. Struktur dan fungsi tubuh manusia untuk paramedis. Frama>idya. *andung.

"adina, &easy +ilviasari. 2##$. :ilai Eapasitas 'ital 4aru dan ubungannyadengan Earateristi !isi pada %tlet *erbagai Cabang Olahraga.!aultas Eedoteran, Gniversitas 4adHadHaran, *andung.

4earce, velyn C. (2##). %natomi dan !isiologi untu 4aramedis. -erHemahandari %natomy and 4hysiology for :urse. 4enerHemah, +ri Fulianiandoyo. Daarta3 9ramedia.

RifaIi. %., +uiswo +upeni di, +unarno. 2#15. %pliasi +ensor -eanan 9as"4B71## &alam %lat Gur Eapasitas 'ital 4aruparu. Unnes Physic

Journal.2 (1) 3 1025.

+etiadi. 2##$. %natomi dan !isiologi "anusia. 9raha /lmu, Fogyaarta.

'erma, '.E, '.E Eatiar, ".4 +ingh. 2##. +tudy of periodic breathing and humanrespiratory system. International Journal of Medicine and MedicalSciences. 1 (0), pp. 55#555.

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