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raSi gvWirdeba ekonomikuri Tavisufleba?
raSi gvWirdeba ekonomikuri Tavisufleba?
paata SeSeliZe
axali ekonomikuri skola - saqarTvelos prezidenti
ras niSnavs ekonomikuri Tavisufleba?ras niSnavs ekonomikuri Tavisufleba?
Tavisufali bazris mkvlevarebi, rogorc wesi, miiCneven, rom es niSnavs:
arCevanis Tavisuflebas:sakuTrebis xelSeuxeblobas;vaWrobis Tavisuflebas;warmoebis Tavisuflebas;finansuri instrumentebis gamoyenebis Tavisuflebas;danazogebis dagrovebis Tavisuflebas;fulis gamoyenebis Tavisuflebis gamoyenebas da a.S.:
ras niSnavs keTildReoba?ras niSnavs keTildReoba?
Cveulebriv, keTildReobaSi igulisxmeba:
daculi sococxle, uflebebi, sakuTreba, Rirseba;
Semosavlebisa da moxmarebis zrda;
maRali anazRaureba; maRalxarisxiani jandacva da
ganaTleba; yofieri da sulieri konforti; mSvidoba da Semwynarebloba; gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba: jansaRi garemo.
ra aris keTildReobis winapiroba?
minimaluri saxelmwifo Careva ekonomikur urTierTobebSi = maqsimaluri keTildreoba
freizeris institutis egidiT msoflios 80-mde kvleviTi institutis mier 130 qveyanaSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebi asabuTeben, rom keTildReobis winapiroba calkeuli pirovnebebis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebaa.
doqtori jaims gvortni miiCnevs:doqtori jaims gvortni miiCnevs:
pirovnebebi ekonomikuri TavisuflebiT maSin sargebloben, - rodesac qoneba, romelsac isini
Zaladobis, TaRliTobisa da qurdobis gareSe moipoveben, daculia sxvaTa fizikuri xelyofisgan;
- rodesac, isini Tavisufalni arian, rom TavianTi sakuTreba moixmaron, gacvalon an gaaCuqon, imgvarad, rom amiT ar Selaxon sxvebis msgavsi uflebebi.
ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis fasdeba imis mixedviT, Tu rogor aris daculi sakuTreba da ramdenad aris SesaZlebeli pirovnebebs Soris nebayoflobiTi gacvla.
msoflios ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis kvlevamsoflios ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis kvleva
saTaveebi: milTon fridmeni, rouz fridmeni, gari bekeri, maiql uolqeri, jaims guorTni da sxvebi;
mizani: ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis sazomis Zieba da sxva cvladebTan kavSiris Seswavla;
saSualeba: qveynebis rangireba adamianebis ekonomuri saqmianobis xelSeuxeblobis mixedviT.
meTodologiameTodologia
monacemebi grovdeba msoflios 130 qveyanaSi da Sedgeba 38 gansxvavebuli maCveneblisgan, romelic warmodgenilia xuT farTo jgufad;
qveyanis Sesabamisoba Tavisufali bazris idealisadmis dgindeba 0-dan 10-mde reitinguli sistemiT;
gaTvlebisas gamoiyeneba iseTi mesame mxareebis monacemebi, rogorciaa msoflio konkurentunarianobis moxseneba, msoflio banki, msoflio savaluto fondi da a. S.
msoflios ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis kvlevis 5 sfero
msoflios ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis kvlevis 5 sfero
1.mTavrobis sidide da saxelmwifos sawarmoebis odenoba;
2.samarTlebrivi struqtura da kerZo sakuTrebis daculoba;
3.myari valutis xelmisawvdomoba;
4.ucxoelebTan saqonelgacvlis Tavisufleba;
5.mewarmeobis, sakredito da Sromis bazrebis regulireba.
ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gazomvaekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gazomva
ekonomikuri Tavisufleba parametrebi:1.pirovnuli arCevanis Tavisufleba;2.vaWrobis Tavisufleba, rogorc
qveynis SigniT, iseve mis farglebs gareT;
3.bazarze SeRwevis da moqmedebis Tavisufleba;
4.kerZo sakuTrebis daculoba /kanonis uzenaesoba.
Tavisufali bazris ideals srulad arc erTi qveyana ar Seesabameba.
ekonomikuri Tavisulfebis indikatorebiekonomikuri Tavisulfebis indikatorebi
dabal gadasaxdebi; dabal saxelmwifo xarjebi; saxelmwifos mier Seqmnili
monopoliebis ararseboba; kerZo sakuTrebis garantiebi; kontraqtebis aRsrulebis
garantiebi; samewarmeo saqmianobis
Tanabar pirobebi; myari fuli; xelSekrulebebis dadebis
Tavisufleba; regulirebebis aRmofxvra.
Albanian Center for Economic Albanian Center for Economic Research, AlbaniaResearch, Albania
Fundación Libertad, ArgentinaFundación Libertad, ArgentinaInstitute of Public Affairs, AustraliaInstitute of Public Affairs, Australia
TIGRA®, AustriaTIGRA®, AustriaCenter for Economic and Political Center for Economic and Political
Research, AzerbaijanResearch, AzerbaijanThe Nassau Institute, BahamasThe Nassau Institute, Bahamas
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BrazilBrazilInstitute for Market Economics, Institute for Market Economics,
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Study, Cambodia Study, Cambodia The Fraser Institute, CanadaThe Fraser Institute, Canada
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Political Research, UkrainePolitical Research, UkraineThe Institute of Economic Affairs, United The Institute of Economic Affairs, United
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The Centre for the Dissemination of The Centre for the Dissemination of Economic Knowledge (CEDICE), VenezuelaEconomic Knowledge (CEDICE), Venezuela
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msoflios ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis qselis monawile organizaciebi da kvleviTi institutebi
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Society for Dissemination of Economic Knowledge: “New Economic School –
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and Finance, IndonesiaOpen Republic Institute, Ireland
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and Market Process, KenyaCenter for Free Enterprise, KoreaEconomic Policy Institute-Bishkek
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The Center for Entrepreneurship and Economic Development, Montenegro
The New Zealand Business Roundtable, New Zealand
msoflio presis gamoxmaureba 2005 wlis msoflios ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis Sesaxeb
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Australian Financial Review, Australian Financial Review, AustraliaAustralia
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Daily times, PakistanDaily times, PakistanRzeczpospolita, PolandRzeczpospolita, Poland
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msoflios ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis 2006 wlis indeqsi
msoflios ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis 2006 wlis indeqsi
ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis saerTaSoriso qselis wevri organizaciebis mier, freizeris institutis meTodologiiT momzadebuli uaxlesi kvleva gamoqveynda 2006 wlis 7 seqtembers.
momzadebulia 2004 wlis monacemebze dayrdnobiT
ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis saerTo indeqsi, pirveli aTeuli, baltiisa da samxreT kavkasiis
qveynebi
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AzerbaijanArmeniaGeorgia
LithuaniaLatvia
EstoniaIceland
LuxembourgCanadaIreland
United KingdomNew ZealandSwitzerland
United StatesSingapore
Hong Kong
ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis saerTo indeqsi evropis eqs-socialistur qveynebSi
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Estonia Hungary
Latvia Lithuania
Czech Rep. Georgia Poland
Bulgaria Croatia Albania
Romania Macedonia
Russia
pirveli aTeulis ganvlili gzapirveli aTeulis ganvlili gza
0
20
40
60
80
1001970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Canada
Hong Kong
Iceland
Ireland
Luxembourg
New Zealand
Singapore
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
0
20
40
60
80
1001970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Venezuela
Pap. New Guinea
Dominican Rep.
Mali
Nepal
Cameroon
Niger
Paraguay
Malawi
Bahrain
ekonomikuri Tavisufleba drois sxvadasxva monakveTSi
ekonomikuri Tavisufleba drois sxvadasxva monakveTSi
5,75,2 5,1 5,2 5,5
5,96,4 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,5
0
2
4
6
8
10
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
pirveli da bolo aTeulis Semosavali (erT sul mosaxleze)
pirveli da bolo aTeulis Semosavali (erT sul mosaxleze)
$0 $10 000 $20 000 $30 000 $40 000 $50 000 $60 000
New ZealandSingapore
United KingdomHong Kong, China
CanadaSwitzerland
IcelandIreland
United StatesLuxembourg
0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000
BurundiCongo, Dem. Rep.
Guinea-BissauCongo, Rep.
Central African RepublicRwanda
TogoZimbabwe
Venezuela, RBAlgeria
Semosavali erT sul mosaxleze da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba
Semosavali erT sul mosaxleze da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba
$0
$5 000
$10 000
$15 000
$20 000
$25 000
Least FreeQuartile
3rd Quartile 2nd Quartile Most FreeQuartile
yvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufaliyvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufali
mSp-s realuri zrda erT sul mosaxleze da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba
mSp-s realuri zrda erT sul mosaxleze da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
Least FreeQuartile
3rd Quartile 2nd Quartile Most FreeQuartile
yvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufaliyvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufali
ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da umuSevrobaekonomikuri Tavisufleba da umuSevroba
0,0
3,0
6,0
9,0
12,0
15,0
Least FreeQuartile
3rd Quartile 2nd Quartile Most FreeQuartile
yvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufaliyvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufali
adaminaTa siRaribis indeqsi da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba
adaminaTa siRaribis indeqsi da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Least FreeQuartile
3rd Quartile 2nd Quartile Most FreeQuartile
yvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufaliyvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufali
ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da korufciaekonomikuri Tavisufleba da korufcia
0
2
4
6
8
10
Least FreeQuartile
3rd Quartile 2nd Quartile Most FreeQuartile
yvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufaliyvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufali
adamianis ganviTarebis indeqsi da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba
adamianis ganviTarebis indeqsi da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Least FreeQuartile
3rd Quartile 2nd Quartile Most FreeQuartile
yvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufaliyvelaze araTavisufali...... yvelaze Tavisufali
ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da saerTaSoriso daxmarebebi
ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da saerTaSoriso daxmarebebi
profesor uiliam isterleis axali gamokvleva: saerTaSoriso daxmarebaTa efeqtianobis
Sesaxeb empiriuli dasabuTeba ar arsebobs;
daxmarebebs ar gaaCniaT dadebiTi gavlena Raribi qveynebis ekonomikur zrdaze;
saerTaSoriso daxmarebebi araefeqturia siRaribis daZlevaSi;
rogorc ki daxmarebebi wydeba, Raribi qveynebi ufro swrafad iwyeben zrdas, vidre ganviTarebuli qveynebi.
daxmarebis politikis Sedegebidaxmarebis politikis Sedegebi
sawyisi monacemebi: 1970-dan 2000 wlamde, afrikam 400
miliardi aSS dolaris saerTaSoriso daxmareba miiRo;
daxmareba izrdeboda mTliani erovnuli Semosavlis 5%-dan 18%-mde (1995 wels);
siRaribis Semcirebis mcdelobebi SesaZloa uSedego gamodges;
politika mimarTuli unda iyos ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xelSewyobisken;
ekonomikuri keTildReobas (da bevr sxva karg Sedegebsac) ekonomikuri Tavisufleba uwyobs xels.
gasuli wlebis gakveTilebigasuli wlebis gakveTilebi
2003. ekonomikuri Tavisuflebas moaqvs mSvidoba da samoqalaqo uflebebi2003. ekonomikuri Tavisuflebas moaqvs mSvidoba da samoqalaqo uflebebi
2004. ucxouri daxmarbebi aferxebs ekonomikur aRmavlobas2004. ucxouri daxmarbebi aferxebs ekonomikur aRmavlobas
SejamebaSejameba
ekonomikuri Tavisufleba uzrunvelyofs:saerTo keTildReobis zrdas;siRaribis Semcirebas;sxva Tavisuflebebis gazrdas;omebis albaTobis Semcirebas;cxovrebis xarisxis zrdas.
yovelive amas dRevandeli moxseneba da istoriis gakveTilebi adastureben.
ekonomikuri Tavisulfeba msoflioSiekonomikuri Tavisulfeba msoflioSi
me vTvli:me vTvli:
ekonomikuri politikis cvlileba SesaZlebelia sazogadoebrivi azris SecvliT imis Sesaxeb Tu ra ganapirobebs da ra aferxebs ganviTarebas;
sazogadoebrivi azris Secvlis gasaRebi adamianebis farTo fenebis informireba da ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi garemoebebis warmoCenaa;
mTavaria, saTqmeli gqondes!
kapitalizmma kacobriobas misca is, rasac is eswrafvoda – mudmivad mzardi cxovrebis done, mudmivad mzardi mosaxleobisTvis;
kapitalizmis wyalobiT, bavSvTa sikvdilianoba Semcirda, cxovrebis saSualo done amaRlda, mosaxlebis ricxovnoba mravaljer gaizarda, saSualo adamians xeli miuwvdeba imaze, rac wina epoqebis SeZlebuli adamianebisTvisac sruliad miuwvdomeli iyo;
gazrdilma mosaxleobam TavianT winaprebze bevrad ukeTes sayofa-cxovrebo pirobebs miaRwia.
sayofa-cxovrebo pirobebis gaumjobeseba reformebisa da samTavrobo politikis cvlilebebis Sedegs warmoadgens. yovelgvari privilegiebis gauqmebam TiToeuls mianiWa ufleba, rom momxmareblebis kanonier intersebs momsaxurebodnen. aman xel-fexi auxsna axal aRmoCenebs da sameurneo dargebis warmoSobas.
doqtori ludvig fon mizesi Tvlida:doqtori ludvig fon mizesi Tvlida:
amitom arsebobs erTaderTi Sansi:amitom arsebobs erTaderTi Sansi:
rogor moviqceT?rogor moviqceT?
velosipedis gamogoneba saWiro ar aris: sakamrisia misi modernizeba;
aucilebelia gonebrivi monobidan, sxvebis, upirveles yovlisa saxelmwifos nebasa da fulze damokidebulebisagan ganTavisufleba;
Zaladobis uaryofa; azrovnebis gaxsna
siaxleebisTvis.
alternativaalternativa
mTavari mimarTuleba:
100%-iT kerZo sakuTrebaze, samarTalze da araZaladobaze dafuZnebuli sazogadoebisken swrafva;
Tavisulebis ideebis gavrceleba;
xelisuflebis decentralizeba;
azrovnebis revolucia.
ratom?ratom?
imitom, rom namdvili amboxebuli centralizebul xelisuflebas mxars ar uWers
ra iqneba Sedegi? ra iqneba Sedegi?
moazrovne damianebis sazogadoeba;
Semwynarebloba; TanamSromlobis maRali
xarisxi.
daskvnebidaskvnebi
mTavrobebi ar qmnian dovlaTs, maT mxolod misi dacva evalebaT;
meti ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, met pirovnul simdidresa da sazogadoebriv keTildReobas ganapirobebs;
modiT gamoviyenoT Sansi: yvelgan da yovelTvis ekonomikur Tavisuflebas davuWirT mxari da Cven, marTlac, bednierebi gavxdebiT!
www.nesgeorgia.org & www.freetheworld.comwww.fraserinstitute.ca
Tu dainteresdiT, ixileT:Tu dainteresdiT, ixileT:
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(USA)
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