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“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis“tasisis” da “ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis
qarTulqarTulqarTulqarTul----evropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxebevropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxebevropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxebevropuli sakonsultacio centris” Sesaxeb
,,saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi” aris proeqti, romlis dafinansebas axorcielebs
,,tasisis” programis farglebSi momuSave ,,ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-
evropuli sakonsultacio centri”.
,,tasisis” programa aris evrokavSiris iniciativa, romelic xels uwyobs axal damoukidebel
qveynebsa da monRoleTs da evrokavSirs Soris ekonomikisa da politikis dargSi urTierTobebis
harmoniul ganviTarebas.
,,tasisi” grantebis formiT afinansebs “nou-haus”, rac xels uwyobs sabazro ekonomikisa da
demokratiuli sazogadoebis principebze gadasvlas. igi Zalze didi programaa da Tavisi daarsebidan
(1991) 3 000-ze meti proeqti aqvs dafinansebuli, romlis saerTo Rirebuleba 4 220 milion ekius aRemateba.
,,tasisi” mWidrod TanamSromlobs partnior qveynebTan da uzrunvelyofs “nou-haus” gadmocemas
evropis saxelmwifo da kerZo organizaciebis farTo speqtridan: axorcielebs konsultaciebsa da
swavlebas, sakanonmdeblo da mmarTvelobis sistemis dawesebulebebisa da organizaciebis gardaqmnasa da
ganviTarebas, sapartnioro urTierTobebis damyarebas, saerTaSoriso qselebis Camoyalibebas, erTobliv
sacdel proeqtebs.
,,ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio
centri” Seiqmna 1998 wels “tasisis” farglebSi, raTa daexmaros saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri da
samarTlebrivi reformis ganxorcielebas. centris samoqmedo gegma moicavs “saqarTvelos ekonomikis
mimarTulebebis” da analogiuri iuridiuli mimoxilvis gamocemas da saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis
ekonomikuri da samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi konsultacias.
saqarTvelos ekonomikis
mimarTulebebi kvartaluri mimoxilva
2002 weli, #2
es publikacia dafinansebulia evrokavSiris tasisis programis mier, romelic grantebis meSveobiT afinansebs axal damoukidebel qveynebSi da monRoleTSi sabazro ekonomikisa da demokratiuli sazogadoebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis nou-haus.
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
“saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” (sem) gamocemis mizania, saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri reformis mimdinareobiT dainteresebul pirebs miawodos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis msvlelobis mimoxilva. sem-i daarsda 1995 wels da qveyndeba qarTul da inglisur enebze. es da wina gamocemebi xelmisawvdomia internetis saSualebiT:
www.geplac.org
“saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis” am gamoSvebaze muSaobdnen (anbanis mixedviT):
goga eraZe, natalia kakabaZe, goga eraZe, natalia kakabaZe, goga eraZe, natalia kakabaZe, goga eraZe, natalia kakabaZe,
goCagoCagoCagoCa kereseliZe, vaxtang marsagiSvili, kereseliZe, vaxtang marsagiSvili, kereseliZe, vaxtang marsagiSvili, kereseliZe, vaxtang marsagiSvili, erekle naTaZe, dimitri erekle naTaZe, dimitri erekle naTaZe, dimitri erekle naTaZe, dimitri qemokliZe, qemokliZe, qemokliZe, qemokliZe, veronika Snaideri, irakli wereTeli, veronika Snaideri, irakli wereTeli, veronika Snaideri, irakli wereTeli, veronika Snaideri, irakli wereTeli, sofiko xmalaZe, daviT jinjolia, sofiko xmalaZe, daviT jinjolia, sofiko xmalaZe, daviT jinjolia, sofiko xmalaZe, daviT jinjolia, markmarkmarkmark hadsoni hadsoni hadsoni hadsoni
gamocema informacias Rebulobs
rigi samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan, maT Soris statistikis saxelmwifo departamentidan, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankidan, saxelmwifo gaerTianebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondidan, finansTa saministrodan, ekonomikis, mrewvelobis da vaWrobis saministrodan, saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrodan, jandacvis da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saministrodan, sagareo urTierTobaTa saministrodan da sxva saministroebidan da saxelmwifo departamentebidan. wyaro miTiTebulia yvelgan, sadac ki es SesaZlebeli iyo. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom informaciis momwodeblebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis (regularuli konsultaciebis) da maTi mxardaWeris gareSe am mimoxilvis momzadeba SeuZlebeli iqneboda.
sem-is mizania, sazogadoebisTvis
xelmisawvdom informaciaze damyarebuli, ekonomikis ganviTarebis tendenciebis damoukidebeli analizis warmodgena. garda amisa, mocemulia rCevebi ekonomikuri politikis ganxorcielebis, ekonomikuri da sxva informaciis Segrovebisa da gavrcelebis dargSi. gamocema miznad isaxavs saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikuri reformis mxardaWeras, masSi warmodgenilia mxolod gamomcemelTa azri da igi ar asaxavs evropuli komisiis, tasisis ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centrisa Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobis oficialur pozicias.
sem-i agreTve aqveynebs sxvadasxva
sferos warmomadgenel (saqarTvelos parlamenti, mTavroba, akademiuri wreebi) avtorTa ekonomikuri Sinaarsis statiebs, romlebic aqtualurad SeiZleba iqnes miCneuli saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikur procesebTan mimarTebaSi. gamoqveynebamde yvela statia ganixileba sem-is saredaqcio kolegiis mier, romelic zogierT SemTxvevaSi axdens statiaTa redaqtirebas avtorTa nebarTviT. statiis gamoqveyneba xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi srul SesabamisobaSia sem-is saredaqcio politikasTan. statiis gamoqveynebis msurvelebma unda miawodon Tavisi naSromi (qarTul an inglisur enaze) Word failis formatSi sem-is mTavar redaqtors, q-n veronika Snaiders eleqtronuli fostiT Semdeg misamarTze: [email protected] an warmoadginon piradad GEPLAC–is ofisSi qvemoT miTiTebul misamarTze.
statiebis avtorTa azri da
Sexeduleba ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT warmoadgens mxolod maT pirad pozicias da SeiZleba ar emTxveodes rogorc sem-is saredaqcio kolegiis, aseve evropuli komisiis, tasisis ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-evropuli sakonsultacio centrisa Tu saqarTvelos mTavrobis oficialur pozicias.
mkiTxvels SeuZlia sem-is citireba yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe, im pirobiT, rom wyaro saTanadod iqneba miTiTebuli. damatebiTi informaciisaTvis gTxovT daukavSirdeT:
veronika Snaiders veronika Snaiders veronika Snaiders veronika Snaiders
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebissaqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebissaqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebissaqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebis mTavar redaqtorsmTavar redaqtorsmTavar redaqtorsmTavar redaqtors ekonomikuri politikisekonomikuri politikisekonomikuri politikisekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi a da samarTlebrivi a da samarTlebrivi a da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTulsakiTxebis qarTulsakiTxebis qarTulsakiTxebis qarTul----evropuli evropuli evropuli evropuli sakonsultacio centrisakonsultacio centrisakonsultacio centrisakonsultacio centri (GEPLAC) Tbilisi, al.yazbegis gamziri 42, Tbilisi, al.yazbegis gamziri 42, Tbilisi, al.yazbegis gamziri 42, Tbilisi, al.yazbegis gamziri 42, tel: (995 32) 53 71 40 / 53 71 42 / 53 71 43tel: (995 32) 53 71 40 / 53 71 42 / 53 71 43tel: (995 32) 53 71 40 / 53 71 42 / 53 71 43tel: (995 32) 53 71 40 / 53 71 42 / 53 71 43 53 71 45 / 53 71 46 53 71 45 / 53 71 46 53 71 45 / 53 71 46 53 71 45 / 53 71 46 faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 38faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 38faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 38faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 38 tel/faqsi: (995 32) 53 tel/faqsi: (995 32) 53 tel/faqsi: (995 32) 53 tel/faqsi: (995 32) 53 71 39 (pirdapiri)71 39 (pirdapiri)71 39 (pirdapiri)71 39 (pirdapiri) elelelel----fosta: fosta: fosta: fosta: [email protected]
sem-is kvartaluri gamocemis
regularulad misaRebad gTxovT SegvatyobinoT eleqtronuli fostiT an faqsiT romel enaze (qarTuli, inglisuri) gsurT sem-is miReba da Tqveni sakontaqto misamarTi.
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli #2 1
sarCevi
winasityvaoba 2
nawili I. ekonomikis mimarTulebebinawili I. ekonomikis mimarTulebebinawili I. ekonomikis mimarTulebebinawili I. ekonomikis mimarTulebebi
1 Tavi I. mokle mimoxilva 5
2 Tavi II. erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis mTavari mimarTulebebi 10
3 Tavi III. saxelmwifo finansebi 17
4 Tavi IV. fuli da finansebi 26
5 Tavi V. saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi 37
6 Tavi VI. privatizacia 48
7 Tavi VII. dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa 54
8 Tavi VIII. saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi 73
kalendari 78
nawili II. danarTi: statiebinawili II. danarTi: statiebinawili II. danarTi: statiebinawili II. danarTi: statiebi
danarTi I. saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze 92
iohan ferStratenis, socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociaciis prezidentis moxseneba saerTaSoriso konferenciaze “saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, organizebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis da socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mier
danarTi II. socialuri uzrunvelyofis da saxelmwifo pensiebis
sakanonmdeblo baza 119
irakli koplataZis, socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis direqtoris prezentazia saerTaSoriso konferenciaze “saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, organizebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis da socuzrunvelyofis
erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mier danarTi III. saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada 124
leqso liparteliani, analitikosi, kompania “Galt & Taggart Securities LLC”
nawili III. glosariumi da statistikuri danarTi nawili III. glosariumi da statistikuri danarTi nawili III. glosariumi da statistikuri danarTi nawili III. glosariumi da statistikuri danarTi
ekonomikuri glosariumi 139
statistikuri danarTi 150
abreviaturebi 163
winasityvaoba
2 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo
Cveulebriv, zafxulze vfiqrobT rogorc periodze, rodesac ar xdeba araferi
mniSvnelovani, gansakuTrebiT ekonomikisa da politikis sferoebSi. es metad
ucnauria, miTumetes Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom bolo ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi,
zafxulis periodSi adgili hqonda msoflios Semzarav bevr movlenas: omebs,
Tavdasxmebs, did brZolebsa da sxva.
amitom, ar unda gagvikvirdes, rom am zafxulsac sxvadasxva saintereso
ekonomikuri movlenebi ganviTarda da maT Soris:
• SeerTebul StatebSi, sabuRaltro angariSebTan da “korporatiul
marTvasTan” dakavSirebiT gaCaRebuli didi skandali. am ambavma
gamoiwvia aSS dolaris da aseve, safondo birJebis garkveulwilad
dasusteba (aSS dolari, faqtobrivad, evro-s gautolda), rasac
Sedegad mohyva is, rom mTavrobam moiTxova kompaniaTa xelmZRvaneli
Tanamdebobis pirebisgan rom Tavad daedasturebinaT TavianTi
kompaniebis angariSebis siswore;
• seriozuli wyaldidobebi centralur evropaSi. stiqiiT miyenebuli
uzarmazari zaralis Sedegad, samxreT germaniis zogierTi raionebis
aRdgena mniSvnelovani xarjebis gaRebas saWiroebs. aseve dazaralda
CexeTis respublika, romelic evrokavSirisgan miiRebs finansur
daxmarebas;
• dadebiTi movlena - msoflio Sexvedra umaRles doneze: mdgradi
ganviTarebis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili “dedamiwis Sexvedra”
iohanesburgSi, romelsac saqarTvelos CaTvliT, daeswro msoflios
praqtikulad yvela qveynis delegati;
Tumca, ra Tqma unda, isev SeSfoTebas iwvevs SesaZlo omi Sua aRmosavleTSi da
amiT gamowveuli gardauvali ekonomikuri Sedegebi.
sabednierod, GEPLAC-is misia dadebiT Tu uaryofiT “movlenebze” naklebad
aris damokidebuli, vinaidan igi gansazRvrulia ufro xangrZlivi urTierTobebiT,
metwilad, saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs Soris., rogorc aRniSnulia
partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebaSi, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1996
wlis aprilSi. albaT, drouli iqneba meti informacia mogawodoT partniorobisa da
TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebaze da imaze, Tu rogorc gansazRvravs igi centris
saqmianobas.
umetes saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebsa da konvenciebTan SedarebiT,
partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba, marTalia, vrceli ar aris
(sul 62 gverdi), magram sakiTxebis farTo speqtrs moicavs. Tavisi arsiT, igi asaxavs
SeTanxmebis xelmomweri qveynebis mizans ganaviTaron politikuri kavSirebi, mxari
dauWiron saqarTveloSi demokratiis gamyarebas da srulad ganaxorcielon sabazro
ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesi. evrokavSirma aiRo valdebuleba uzrunvelyos
winasityvaoba
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 #.2 3
teqnikuri daxmareba saqarTvelosTvis da GEPLAC-i, am mimarTulebiT wamowyebul
mraval proeqtTagan erT-erTia.
partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelo - evrokavSiris
SeTanxmeba, romelic yofili sabWoTa kavSiris bevri sxva qveynis mier xelmowerili
SeTanxmebis msgavsia (maT Soris ruseTisac), marTlac farTo SeTanxmebaa. sxva Tu
araferi, isic sakmarisia, rom yvela dainteresebul mxares axsovdes raoden didi
masStabis amocanebia dasaxuli maT winaSe da, rom miznis misaRwevad saWiro
Zalisxmeva saTanadod unda iqnes gacnobierebuli.
GEPLAC-isTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis
SeTanxmebis 43-e muxlis pirvel paragrafs: “mxareebi scnoben, rom saqarTvelosa da
evrogaerTianebas Soris ekonomikuri kavSirebis gaZlierebisaTvis mniSvnelovan
winapirobas warmoadgens saqarTvelos arsebuli da momavali kanonmdeblobis
evrogaerTianebis kanonmdeblobasTan daaxloeba. saqarTvelom unda uzrunvelyos rom
misi kanonmdebloba TandaTanobiT SesabamisobaSi iqnes moyvanili gaerTianebis
kanonmdeblobasTan”. aRniSnuli ganzraxva aisaxa saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da
parlamentis Semdgom qmedebebSi, romlis Sedegadac miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba
harmonizaciis “erovnuli programis” SemuSavebis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnuli programis farglebSi, GEPLAC_is eqspertebma da pasuxismgebelma
saministroebma da saagentoebma unda SeimuSavon rekomendaciebi axali
kanonmdeblobisaTvis, ekonomikuri saqmianobis 13 seqtorSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom
muxli 43 iTvaliswinebs kanonebis TandaTanobiT daaxloebas da, rom GEPLAC-is
roli, garkveulwilad, mdgomareobs saTanado Tanamimdevrobis SeTavazebasa da axali
kanonmdeblobis amoqmedebisaTvis prioritetebis CamoyalibebaSi. saTanadod unda
Sefasdes aRniSnuli saqmianobis kavSiri sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesTan.
aseT procesebze did yuradRebas amaxvileben sxva donori organizaciebi, magaliTad
evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis banki (EBRD) aqveynebs gardamavali
ekonomikis wliur angariSs mTeli regionisTvis (27 qveynisTvis, romelzec igi
pasuximgebelia centralur da aRmosavleT evropasa da Sua aziaSi) da, GEPLAC-i,
Tavisi saerTo misiis farglebSi, miznad isaxavs am mimarTulebiT winsvlis
monitoringis ganxorcielebas.
Cven vaqveynebT garedan mowveuli avtorebis statiebs, romlebSic ganxilulia
gardamavali ekonomikis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi. pirveli da meore statia yuradRebas
uTmobs gardamaval periods iseT specifikur sferoSi, rogoricaa sapensio sistemis
reforma. mesame statia mimoixilavs saqarTveloSi sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis
process awmyoSi da iZleva samomavlo ganviTarebis garkveul prognozebs.
rac Seexeba partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebas farTo gagebiT, ra
realur ekonomikur Sedegebs moutans igi SeTanxmebis monawileebs? Cven SegviZlia
oTxi Sedegi davasaxeloT:
• qveyana, romelic axorcielebs partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis
SeTanxmebas, TavisTavad, ukve axorcielebs reformebs da aumjobesebs
cxovrebis dones, rogorc materialuri, aseve socialuri
TvalsazrisiT.
winasityvaoba
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 4
• partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmeba aZlierebs kavSirebs
evrokavSirTan, romelic warmoadgens savaWro urTierTobebisa da
investiciebis erT-erT ZiriTad wyaros.
• igi aseve exmareba evrokavSirs sakuTar urTierTobebSi aRmosavleT
evropis qveynebTan, romlebTanac kavSiri TandaTanobiT Rrmavdeba.
• da bolos, igi gvTavazobs SesaZleblobas Tvali vadevnoT da erTmaneTs
SevadaroT partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebis wevri
qveynebis gamocdileba.
partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmeba warmoadgens saerTo enaze
urTierTobisa da sakiTxebis farTo sferoSi samarTliani da Tanamedrove gziT
politikuri da ekonomikuri kavSirebis formirebis SesaZleblobas.
Tavi pirveli. mokle mimoxilva
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 5
erovnuli angariSebi da ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi mSp-i da ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi mSp-s zrdam 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 4,2 procenti Seadgina. zrda
aRiniSneboda realuri ekonomikis yvela seqtorSi. meore kvartalSi ekonomikis
zrdis tempi pirveli kvartlis 6,9 procentidan 1,1 procentamde daeca. Cveulebriv,
ianvari-martis periodSi, saqarTveloSi mSp-s SedarebiT mcire wili iwarmoeba
(mxolod 21-23 procenti) da amdenad, faqtorebma, romlebmac ganapirobes ekonomikuri
zrdis tempis daCqareba 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, ver iqonies ekonomikuri zrdis
maCvenebelze aseTive zemoqmedeba meore kvartalSi. yvelaze maRali zrdis tempebi
dafiqsirda mSeneblobis, finansuri Suamavlobisa da aseve jandacvisa da socialuri
momsaxurebis seqtorebSi.
araxelsayrelma klimaturma pirobebma, maT Soris xangrZlivma wvimebma
dasavleT saqarTveloSi, xeli SeuSala sezonuri samuSaoebis droul Catarebas
mimdinare wlis gazafxulze da uaryofiTad imoqmeda marcvleulis mosavalze.
xorblis saSualo mosavali Seadgens 17 centners 1 heqtarze, maSin roca gasul wels
Sesabamisi maCvenebeli 27 centners Seadgenda.
USAID-ma daiwyo 5-wliani “damatebuli Rirebulebis sawarmoTa mxardaWeris”
programis ganxorcieleba, romelic xels Seuwyobs ekonomikur zrdas warmoebis
gafarToebisa da damatebuli Rirebulebis mqone sasoflo-sameurneo nawarmis
saerTaSoriso bazrebze gayidvis xarjze. proeqtis mTliani Rirebuleba 24 milion
aSS dolars Seadgens. proeqtis pirveli fazis ganxorcieleba aprilSi daiwyo.
pirvel kvartalSi dafiqsirebuli samrewvelo zrdis tempis daCqareba,
rogorc Cans, droebiTi xasiaTis iyo da dakavSirebuli iyo eleqtroenergiis
miwodebis gaumjobesebasTan. II kvartlis mniSvnelovan movlenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos
is, rom ss “WiaTurmanganumma” miaRwia SeTanxmebas “delta eqsport ltd”-sTan
(singapuri) 120 aTasi tona manganumis madnis miwodebis Sesaxeb, xolo ss "rusTavis
metalurgiulma kombinatma" italiur “ARES”-sTan 80 aTasi tona milebis miwodebaze.
sagadamxdelo balansi 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, eqsportis da importis moculobebi, wina wlis
Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT, Semcirda. aseve Semcirda savaWro brunva da savaWro
deficiti. saqarTvelos vaWrobis ganviTarebis mTavar Semaferxebel faqtors
warmoadgens is, rom saqarTvelos eqsporti ar aris diversificirebuli. wina welTan
SedarebiT, pirvel kvartalSi mimdinare angariSis deficiti gaizarda da misma
Sefardebam mSp-sTan 8,5 procenti Seadgina. pirveli kvartalSi aRiniSna ara-
rezidentTa Semosavlebis zrda saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli pidapiri
investiciebidan, ramac ZiriTadad ganapiroba mimdinare angariSis deficitis zrda.
rac Seexeba ucxoeTSi momuSave qarTvelebis gzavnilebs saqarTveloSi maTi
mokle momixilva
6 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
moculoba gaizarda, maSin roca mimdinare transfertebi saxelmwifo seqtorisadmi
Semcirda.
sagareo vali
2002 wlis 30 ivnisis mdgomareobiT, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sagareo vali,
saxelmwifos garantirebuli valis CaTvliT, 1 670 milion aSS dolars (3 658
milioni lari) Seadgenda, rac 68,7 milioni aSS dolariT (110,3 milioni lariT) metia
vidre 2002 wlis pirveli kvartalis bolos. aTvisebuli kreditebis odenobam aprili-
ivnisis periodSi 9,8 milioni aSS dolari Seadgina. saqarTvelos valis naxevarze
meti gamosaxulia SDR-sa da sxva valutebSi (evro, iaponuri iena, kuveitis dinari) da
maT mimarT larisa da aSS dolaris gaufasurebam ganapiroba saqarTvelos sagareo
valis mTliani odenobis zrda larebsa da aSS-s dolarebze gadaangariSebiT.
saxelmwifo finansebi 2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Tanaxmad, wlis pirvel naxevarSi
mosalodneli iyi Semosavlebis miReba 448,5 milioni laris odenobiT, rac mTeli
wlisTvis mosalodneli Semosavlebis 48 procentia. saxelmwifo biujetis realurma
Semosavlebma 381,9 milioni lari Seadgina, rac gegmiurze 66,5 milioni lariT
naklebia. mosalodneli sagareo Semosavlebi srulad ar iqna miRebuli, riTac
aixsneba 35,6 milioni laris deficiti.
aRniSnuli deficitis kidev erT wyaros warmoadgens mosalodnelze dabali
sagadasaxado Semosavlebi. Tumca, gadasaxdelebis mTliani Segroveba, wlis
ganmavlobaSi, 6 procentiT gaumjobesda. mogebaze gadasaxadis Semosavlebsa da
importze dawesebul gadasaxadebSi dafiqsirebul mkveTr zrdasTan erTad, yvela
sxva sagadasaxado SemosavlebSi zRvruli vardna aRiniSneboda.
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli xarjebi centraluri biujetisTvis 454 milioni
laris odenobiT ganisazRvra. realurma xarjebma 377,3 milioni lari Seadgina, rac
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulis 83 procentia. specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis xarjebma
113,9 milioni lari Seadgina. biujetis xarjviTi nawilis ZiriTadi prioritetebi iyo
socialuri uzrunvelyofa, saxelmwifo marTva da saxelmwifo valis momsaxureba.
centraluri biujetis deficitma 82 milioni lari Seadgina. aRniSnuli
deficitis dasfarad 53 milioni lari saerTaSoriso finansuri organizaciebisgan
iqna sesxad miRebuli, xolo danarCeni – adgilobrivi wyaroebidan.
fuli da finansebi
2002 wlis meore kvartalSi mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis moculoba Semcirda
1,7 milioni lariT da imavdroulad, larebSi denominirebuli depozitebi 4,6
milioni lariT gaizarda. ucxour valutaSi denominirebul depozitebis zrda
sakmaod mniSvnelovani iyo (33 milioni lari – 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlis
ganmavlobaSi), larebSi depozitebTan SedarebiT. ucxouri valutis depozitebis
mokle momixilva
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 7
zrdis Sedegad, M3 farTo fulis moculoba 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi 34,3
milioniT gaizarda. igive periodis ganmavlobaSi M2 ki mxolod 0,9 milioni lariT
gaizarda.
saxazino valdebulebebSi arasabanko investorTa wili, 2002 wlis pirvel
kvartalSi 58 procentamde gaizarda. (2001 wels 19 procentTan SedarebiT). erT-erTi
mizezi, romliTac SeiZleba aixsnas arasabanko investorTa interesis zrda, aris
komerciuli bankebis mier SemoTavazebul vadian depozitebze saprocento
ganakveTebisgan gansxvavebiT, saxazino valdebulebebis SedarebiT maRali saprocento
ganakveTebi. 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi, saxazino valdebulebis auqcionebze
dafiqsirebuli saSualo wliuri saprocento ganakveTi ufro maRali iyo, vidre
2001 wels (40,7 procenti 30,16 procentTan SedarebiT).
2001 wlis bolos da 2002 wlis dasawyisSi laris gaufasurebas mohyva
SedarebiT maRali inflacia wlis dasawyisSi da amitom, 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi,
inflaciis saSualo done gegmurze maRalia. inflaciis nulovani done 2002 wlis
maisSi da deflacia ivnisSi gamowveuli iyo samomxmareblo fasebis sezonuri
SemcirebiT.
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi aRiniSneboda larebSi depozitebze saprocento
ganakveTebis zrda. 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom bankebma
gazardes SemoTavazebuli saprocento ganakveTebi mokle-, saSualo da aseve,
grZelvadiani (1 weliwadze meti) depozitebisaTvis. 2001 wlis ivnisSi, wminda
saprocento marJa erovnul valutaze Seadgenda 12 procents da wlis ganmavlobaSi,
8,6 procentamde daeca.
2002 wlis meore kvartalSi, nominaluri lari/aSS dolari gacvliTi kursi
daeca da ufro dabali iyo vidre pirvel kvartalSi. Aamis garda evros gamyareba
dolaris mimarT aseve imoqmeda laris/evros nominalur kursze, romelic
sagrZnoblad daeca MmaisSi da ivnisSi.
saerTaSoriso vaWroba
saqarTvelos mTavroba kvlavac agrZelebs vmo-sTan aRebuli valdebulebebis
Sesabamisad liberaluri savaWro politikis ganxorcielebas. gaacnobiera ra
sagadamxdelo balansisTvis uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis SesaZlebloba, parlamentma ar
gaagrZela xis morebis eqsportze droebiTi akrZalva, romelsac vada gauvida
2001 wlis bolos. agreTve 2002 wlis ivlisSi gauqmebuli iqna droebiTi akrZalva
feradi liTonebis eqsportze.
wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris
vaWrobis monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos savaWro balansis gauaresebis
tendencia kvlavac grZeldeba. registrirebuli eqsportis raodenoba Semcirda.
2002 wlis pirveli naxevari xasiaTdeboda eqsportis mkveTri SemcirebiT ruseTsa da
TurqeTSi da eqsportis garkveuli zrdiT azerbaijansa da somxeTSi
mokle momixilva
8 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
2002 wlis pirveli naxevris ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos savaWro balansis
gauaresebis tendencia kvlavac grZeldeba. registrirebulma sagareo vaWrobam
Seadgina 497 milioni aSS dolari, saidanc registrirebuli eqsporti Seadgenda
147,5 milions, xolo importi 349,5 milion aSS dolars. savaWro deficiti 202
milioni aSS dolari aris 6 milioniT meti, vidre es iyo 2001 wlis analogiur
periodSi.
qveynis eqsporti Semcirda 14 milioni aSS dolariT, rac garkveulwilad
gamowveuli iyo saqarTvelos parlamentis 2001 wlis 21 dekembers gadawyvetilebiT,
romlis Sesabamisadac aikrZala feradi liTonebis jarTisa da narCenebis eqsporti
2003 wlis 31 dekembramde
qveynis importis eqsportiT gadafarvis koeficienti Semcirda da 2002 wlis
pirvel naxevrisaTvis Seadgina 42 procenti, maSin rodesac 2001 welis analogiur
periodisaTvis aRniSnuli koeficienti daaxloebiT 46 procents Seadgenda.
privatizacia
2002 wlis meore kvartalSi privatizaciis procesSi mniSvnelovan progress
adgili ar hqonia. Tumca, saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom (sqms) gamoacxada
tenderebi zogierTi saSualo da msxvili sawarmos privatizaciaze. saaqcio
sazogadoeba “elmavalmSenebelisa” da eleqtrovagonSemkeTebeli qarxnis
saprivatizacio tenderebi warmatebiT dasrulda 2002 wlis mesame kvartalSi.
zogierTi msxvili sawarmo wlis meore naxevarSi gatanili iqneba auqcionze
nulovani sarezervo fasiT, xolo zogierTi sawarmoSi dawyebulia gakotrebis saqmis
warmoeba. mas Semdeg rac “saqarTvelos aviaxazebis” privatizebis mizniT
gamocxadebuli saerTaSoriso tenderi uSedegod damTavrda, ganixileba sawarmos
likvidaciis sakiTxi. mimdinareobs saaqcio sazogadoeba “Tbilwyalkanalis”
marTvaSi gadacemis tenderi da monawile kompaniebma teqnikuri da finansuri
winadadebebi noemberSi unda warmoadginon.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema Sromis bazari
umuSevrobis donis amsaxveli monacemebi ZiriTadad Seesabameba maCveneblebs
gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebisaTvis (2001 wlis meoTxe kvartlis bolos -
10,3 da 15,1 procenti, Sesabamisad Sso-s “mkacri” da “Serbilebuli” standartebiT).
Tumca isini srulad ver asaxaven Sromis bazrze arsebul araxelsayrel da
arastabilur mdgomareobas. arasruli dasaqmeba, farTod gavrcelebuli faruli da
SeniRbuli umuSevroba kvlavac arsebobs da saSualo xelfasebi qveyanaSi bevrad
Camouvardeba minimalur saarsebo dones saSualo ojaxisaTvis. xangrZlivi
umuSevroba TandaTanobiT iwvevs samuSao Zalis Semcirebas. Sromis bazris
problemebi amZimebs siRaribis mdgomareobas da sul ufro matulobs im
SinameurneobaTa ricxvi, romlebic ganicdian cxovrebis donis kidev ufro
gauaresebas. kanonmdeblobaSi mocemuli ganmartebis gamo, soflad umuSevrobis
mokle momixilva
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 9
donis amsaxveli cifrebi ukiduresad dabalia, rac gavlenas axdens umuSevrobis
erovnuli donis amsaxvel cifrebze, romlebic sxvagvarad bevrad ufro maRali
iqneboda. Sromis bazarze Warbobs TviTdasaqmebis wili, romelSic Tavis mxriv,
Warbobs TviTadasaqmeba soflis meurneobaSi, romelic saarsebo minimums
uzrunvelyofs. daqiravebiT dasaqmebis wili Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis sul
20 procentamde Seadgens, romlis 40 procentze meti modis samuSao adgilebze
sabiujeto organizaciebSi, sadac xelfasebi ukiduresad dabalia.
socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema
dRes socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema iTvaliswinebs mxolod simbolur
daxmarebas pensionerebisaTvis, maSin roca mosaxleobis udides nawils,
araformaluri seqtoris muSakTa, TviTdasaqmebulTa da umuSevarTa CaTvliT, iseve
rogorc maTi ojaxis wevrebs, socialuri dacva saerTod ara gaaCniaT. saxelmwifo
socialuri dacvis sistema Zireul restruqturizacias moiTxovs. moqmedi sapensio
sistema didi xania gadaxdisuunaro aRmoCnda, rac xandazmul mosaxleobas siRaribis
mzardi riskis winaSe ayenebs. amJamad, socialuri politika siRaribis daZlevisa da
ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli programis (PREGP) mTavar prioritetebs Soris
ganixileba da Sesabamisad, socialuri reformebi mTavrobis mier aRiarebulia
rogorc grZelvadiani startegiuli amocana. programiT gaTvaliswinebuli sapensio
sistemis reforma, ganxorcielebis procesSia da gamiznulia qmediTunariani
mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistemis SemoRebaze, romelic sadazRvevo principebze
iqneba dafuZnebuli.
saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierToba 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, saqarTvelos vaWrobam evrokavSiris wevr
qveynebTan saqarTvelos saerTo savaWro brunvis 24 procenti Seadgina. wina wlis
amave periodSi Sesabamisi maCvenebeli 24,2 procenti iyo. 2002 wlis pirvel eqvs TveSi,
saqarTvelos vaWrobis moculoba evrokavSiris wevr qveynebTan 5,5 procentiT
Semcirda wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT.
sasursaTo usafTxoebis programa, erT-erTi mTavari proeqtia, romelsac
evrokavSiri saqarTveloSi anxorcielebs. igi gamiznulia qveyanaSi soflis
meurneobis seqtoris mxardaWerasa da ganviTarebaze, biujetSi Sesabamisi muxlebis
dafinansebis xarjze. evrokavSirma sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa 1996 wels
daafuZna, 1292/95 reglamentis safuZvelze. es reglamenti moicavs sasursaTo
daxmarebis politikisa da menejmentis, aseve sasursaTo usafrxoebis specifiuri
daxmarebis sakiTxebs.
Tavi meore. erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi
mimarTulebebi
10 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2
mSp da ZiriTadi tendenciebi
ekonomikuri zrdis maCvenebelma 2002 wlis II kvartalSi Seadgina 1,1 procenti,
maSin roca I kvartalSi igi 6,9 procenti iyo. mrewvelobis seqtoris zrdam, rac
dakavSirebuli iyo eleqtroenergiis miwodebis gaumjobesebasTan da momsaxurebisa
da mSeneblobis seqtorebis stabilurma ganviTarebam ganapiroba ekonomikuri
gamococxleba I kvartalSi gasul welTan SedarebiT. marTalia, 2002 wlis
II kvartalSi realur gamoxatulebaSi warmoebuli iqna mniSvnelovnad meti produqti
vidre wina kvartalSi, magram zrdis tempi ufro naklebi aRmoCnda. vinaidan ianvar-
martis periodSi saqarTveloSi iwarmoeba mSp-s SedarebiT mcire wili (daaxloebiT
21-23 procenti)1, amitomac faqtorebma, romlebmac ganapirobes mimdinare wlis
I kvartalSi ekonomikuri zrdis maRali tempi, ver iqonies ekonomikuri zrdis
maCvenebelze aseTive gavlena II kvartalSi. investiciebis simwiris pirobebSi
naklebad savaraudoa xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi SenarCunebeuli iqnes iseTi
maRali ekonomikuri zrdis tempi, rogoric I kvartalSi aRiniSna. mimdinare wlis
I naxevarSi naerTi biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis Tanafardoba mSp-sTan odnav
Semcirda, xolo aRuricxavi gamoSvebis wili erovnul ekonomikaSi mcirediT
gaizarda2 gasuli wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom
korufciis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebi jer-jerobiT dabalefeqtiania.
cxrili 2.1: mSpcxrili 2.1: mSpcxrili 2.1: mSpcxrili 2.1: mSp----s dinamika da struqtura, 2002 w. I nax.s dinamika da struqtura, 2002 w. I nax.s dinamika da struqtura, 2002 w. I nax.s dinamika da struqtura, 2002 w. I nax. 2002 wlis I nax.2002 wlis I nax.2002 wlis I nax.2002 wlis I nax. wili mSpwili mSpwili mSpwili mSp----SiSiSiSi
2001 wlis I nax.2001 wlis I nax.2001 wlis I nax.2001 wlis I nax.----Tan Tan Tan Tan (procentebSi)(procentebSi)(procentebSi)(procentebSi)
(I naxevari 2001=100%)(I naxevari 2001=100%)(I naxevari 2001=100%)(I naxevari 2001=100%)
soflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveobasoflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveobasoflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveobasoflis meurneoba, meTevzeoba, metyeveoba 103,5 21,3mrewveloba da mSeneblobamrewveloba da mSeneblobamrewveloba da mSeneblobamrewveloba da mSenebloba 108,2 19,5 mrewveloba 105,4 12,6 Sinameurneobebis mier produqtebis gadamuSaveba 108 3,5 mSenebloba 119 3,4momsaxurebamomsaxurebamomsaxurebamomsaxureba 104,9 53,9 vaWroba 103,7 12,9 sastumroebi da restornebi 103,8 2,7 transporti 106,6 10,6 kavSirgabmuloba 106 3,8 finansuri Suamavloba 124,4 1,7 operaciebi uZravi qonebiT, komerciuli saqmianoba 101 6,3 saxelmwifo marTva, Tavdacva 101,5 3,6 ganaTleba 98,7 4,5 jandacva da komunaluri momsaxureba 117,7 4,9 sxva momsaxureba 92,3 2,9wminda gadasaxadebi 138,7 -1,3Sesworeba finansuri Suamavlobis gamoyenebis mixedviT 101,5 6,6mSpmSpmSpmSp 104,2 100wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
1 efuZneba 1997-2001 wlebis monacemebs. 2 2002 wlis I naxevarSi naerTi biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis Tanafardoba mSp-Tan 14,0 procents, xolo aRuricxavi gamoSvebis wili ekonomikis mTlian gamoSvebaSi 33,2 procents Seadgenda, maSin roca 2001 wlis I naxevarSi Sesabamisi maCveneblebi 14,2 procentsa da 31,8 procents Seadgenda.
erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 11
mSp-s zrdam 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Seadgina 4,2 procenti. 2002 wlis
pozitiur tendencias warmoadgens is, rom ekonomikuri zrda dafiqsirda realuri
ekonomikis yvela seqtorSi. gansakuTrebiT maRalia zrdis tempi mSeneblobis,
finansuri Suamavlobis seqtorebSi, agreTve jandacvisa da socialuri momsaxurebis
sferoSi. inflaciis zrdis tempma wlis pirvel naxevarSi Seadgina 3 procenti, roca
gasuli wlis Sesabamis periodSi 0,9 procenti iyo. 2002 wels fasebi yvelaze metad
gaizarda kvebis produqtebsa da zogierTi saxis momsaxurebaze.
ssf-s aRmasrulebelma organom daasrula meore mimoxilva saqarTvelos
ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa saqarTveloSi siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis
erovnuli programis farglebSi. ssf-s SefasebiT saqarTvelom win waiwia
samwliani ekonomikuri programis ganxorcielebis mxriv. garkveuli progresi ukve
aRiniSna zogierT kritikul sferoSi (fiskaluri, finansuri da energo seqtorebi),
aseve damakmayofilebelia makroekonomikuri maxasiaTeblebi (myari ekonomikuri zrda,
zomieri inflacia), ramac saSualeba misca saqarTvelos mieRo ssf-gan sesxi
22,5 milioni ssu (sesxis specialuri uflebebi)_30 milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT.
dRemde siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli programis farglebSi
saqarTvelom ukve miiRo 27 milioni ssu (daaxloebiT 36 milioni aSS dolari).
ekonomikis seqtorebi
soflis meurneobasoflis meurneobasoflis meurneobasoflis meurneoba
arasaxarbielo amindma, gansakuTrebiT intensiurma wvimebma qveynis dasavleT
regionebSi, Seaferxa sezonuri samuSaoebi mimdinare wlis gazafxulze.
mniSvnelovani ziani ganicada TavTaviani kulturebma. xorblis saSualo
mosavlianobam Seadgina 17 centneri, maSin roca gasul wels 27 centneri iyo.
USAID-ma daiwyo gadamamuSavebeli warmoebis xelSemwyobi xuTwliani
programis (SAVE) ganxorcieleba, romlis mTavari mizania saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis donis amaRleba damatebiTi Rirebulebis mqone produqtebis warmoebisa
da gayidvebis (ZiriTadad saeqsporto) zrdis meSveobiT. proeqtis mTliani
Rirebuleba 24 milion aSS dolars Seadgens. proeqtis pirveli faza daiwyo
2002 wlis 24 aprils da damTavrdeba 2003 wlis 30 aprils. aSS-s mTavroba
daxmarebas uwevs soflis meurneobis seqtoris ganviTarebas bazrebis gafarToebis,
organuli kvebis produqtebis warmoebis, kreditebisa da kvebis produqtebis
ganawilebis mTliani qselis ganviTarebis mxriv. SAVE ganaviTarebs wamyvan
produqtebsa an sawarmoo klasterebs, daexmareba agrobiznesis sawarmoebis
asociaciebs, romlebic awarmoeben kvebis produqtebs. programis pirveli faza
daeTmoba im produqtebis identifikacias, romelzec arsebobs moTxovna
saerTaSoriso bazrebze. programis farglebSi ganxorcieldeba bazarze Carevis
strategiis formireba da prioritetizacia da Sedgeba gegma ganviTarebis
xelSemSleli faqtorebis dasaZlevad, romelic ganxorcieldeba meore fazaSi.
kontraqtori ganaxorcielebs proeqts produqtis warmatebul marketingSi
dainteresebuli yvela monawilis (fermeridan dawyebuli distributoris CaTvliT)
integraciis gziT.
erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi
12 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2
Cais warmoeba seriozul kriziss ganicdis saqarTveloSi. dasavleT
saqarTveloSi adgili hqonda Cais nargavebis amoZirkvas da maTi sxva kulturebiT
Canacvlebas. Sedegad Cais plantaciebis saerTo farTobi TiTqmis 21 aTasi ha-Ti
Semcirda 90-iani wlebis dasawyisTan SedarebiT. 2001 wlidan saqarTvelos mTavroba
axorcielebs qarTuli Cais eqsportis xelSewyobis saxelmwifo programas, rac
gulisxmobs 0,40 laris subsidiis gacemas TiToeul eqsportirebul kilogram Caize3.
2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis mixedviT gansazRvrulia am programis gagrZeleba,
romlis dasafinanseblad gaTvaliswinebelia 3 milioni lari, maT Soris 2001 wlis
saxelmwifo programis damTavrebisaTvis - 875 aTasi lari. erToblivi tenderi
qarTuli Cais eqsportis xelSewyobis saxelmwifo programuli dafinansebiT
gaTvalisiwnebuli resursis ganawilebisaTvis Catarda saqarTvelos finansTa da
soflis meurneobis da sursaTis saministroebis mier ivlisis bolos, romelSic
gamarjvebulad gamocxadda 23 kompania. saqarTveloSi meCaieobis dargis
ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebeblia Cais plantaciebis intensiuri aRdgena-ganaxleba.
amJamad plantaciebis didi nawili mouvlelia da mitovebulia uyuradRebod. maTi
reabilitacia moiTxovs mniSvnelovnad met investiciebsa da subsidiebs, vidre
amJamad gamoiyofa meCaieobis dargis mxardasaWerad.
mrewvelobamrewvelobamrewvelobamrewveloba
2002 wlis I naxevarSi registrirebuli samrewvelo warmoeba gasuli wlis
Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT 0,2 procentiT gaizarda, xolo araregistrirebulis
CaTvliT - 0,1 procentiT. I kvartalSi dafiqsirebuli warmoebis zrda droebiTi
aRmoCnda da dakavSirebuli iyo eleqtroenergiis miwodebis gaumjobesebasTan.
maRali ekonomikuri zrda ar SenarCunda II kvartalSi, rac gasul welTan
SedarebiT kvebis mrewvelobisa da energo seqtorSi warmoebis SemcirebiT aris
ganpirobebuli. amJamad 2800-ze meti samrewvelo sawarmodan 48-ze modis mTliani
samrewvelo warmoebis 77 procenti. socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba bevr
regionSi damokidebulia calkeuli sawarmoebis saqmianobaze. warmoebis araTanabari
ganawileba samrewvelo sawarmoebs Soris imaze miuTiTebs, rom adgilobrivi
samrewvelo seqtoris seriozul restruqturizacia jer ar momxdara. II kvartlis
mniSvnelovan movlenad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom ss “WiaTurmanganumma” miaRwia
SeTanxmebas “delta eqsport ltd”-sTan (singapuri) 120 aTasi tona manganumis madnis
miwodebis Sesaxeb, xolo ss "rusTavis metalurgiulma kombinatma" italiur
“ARES” sTan 80 aTasi tona milebis miwodebaze.
2002 wlis I naxevarSi mopovebul iqna 37,1 aTasi tona navTobi da 8,7 milioni
kuburi metri bunebrivi airi, rac garkveulwilad (umniSvnelod) akmayofilebs
adgilobriv moTxovnas. sxva seqtorebTan SedarebiT ucxoelma investorebma ukve
ganaxorcieles navTobis mopovebaSi seriozuli investiciebi da agreTve maT mier
gakeTda damaimedebeli gancxadebebi navTobis mopovebis zrdis perspeqtivebze
saqarTveloSi, Tumca raime seriozuli da xelSesaxebi Sedegi jer ar miRebula.
piriqiT, kaxeTis X blokze saqmianobis Sewyvetas Tan mohyva Sps ”ramko enerji
kaxeTis” daxurva. kompaniis mier sabados gaburRva xdeboda 2 900 metrze, magram
naxSirwyalbadebis samrewvelo odenoba ar iqna aRmoCenili, amitomac kompaniam
Sewyvita saqmianoba saqarTveloSi.
3 ix. “saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi”, 2001 weli, ####1.
erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 13
adgilobrivi mrewvelobis ganviTarebisaTvis xelSemwyob mniSvnelovan nabijad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos qveynis parlamentis mier “salizingo saqmianobis xelSewyobis
Sesaxeb” kanonis miReba mimdinare wlis maisSi. marTalia es kanoni ar warmoadgens
salizingo saqmianobis regulirebis srul kodeqss, magram moicavs mTel rig
principul debulebebs. kanonis Tanaxmad, lizingis xelSekruleba iZleva imis
uflebas, rom moxdes aqtivebis gadacema lizingis sagnis mimRebisadmi lizingis
sagnis Rirebulebebis TandaTanobiTi gadaxdis meSveobiT saboloo gamosyidvis
uflebiT. salizingo saqmianobis gafarToeba xels Seuwyobs adgilobrivi
sawarmoebis gadaiaraRebasa da teqnologiebis imports.
transportitransportitransportitransporti
transportis seqtori kvlav stabiluri zrdis tendencias avlens.
saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavliT tvirTebis saerTaSoriso transportirebis zrdam
xeli Seuwyo saqarTvelos rkinigzisa da sazRvao portebis tvirTbrunvis amaRlebas.
2002 wlis I naxevarSi gasuli wlis Sesabamiss periodTan SedarebiT 15,7 procentiT
gaizarda saqarTvelos rkinigzaze tvirTbrunva, maT Soris satranzito daniSnulebis
tvirTebisa 16,7 procentiT. 80 procenti rkinigziT gadatanili tvirTebisa
satranzito daniSnulebisaa. mimdinare wlis pirvel naxevarSi foTisa da baTumis
sazRvao portebSi gadamuSavda 6,4 milioni tona tvirTi (18,3 procentiT meti vidre
gasul wels). nedli navTobis eqsporti sufsidan gaizarda 3 milion tonamde, roca
gasul wlis 6 TveSi 2,8 milioni tona iyo mxolod. sufsidan navTobis eqsportis
zrda aixsneba baqo-sufsis navTobsadenis warmadobis zrdiT, rac navTobsadenSi
wnevis zrdis xarjze xdeba. mimdinare wels agreTve gaumjobesda qarTuli
aviakompaniebis saqmianobac, rac axali saerTaSoriso da Sida reisebis aTvisebiT
SeiZleba aixsnas.
CanarTi 2.1CanarTi 2.1CanarTi 2.1CanarTi 2.1
TRACECA-s samTavrobaTaSoriso komisiis ( samTavrobaTaSoriso komisiis ( samTavrobaTaSoriso komisiis ( samTavrobaTaSoriso komisiis (sk) meore konferencia) meore konferencia) meore konferencia) meore konferencia
mimdinare wlis 24-25 aprils taSkentSi gaimarTa TRACECA-s samTavrobaTaSoriso
komisiis meore yovelwliuri Sexvedra. TRACECA-s sk-s wevrebma mxari dauWires gaeros
sasursaTo programis ganxorcielebas, romelic gulisxmobs avRaneTisaTvis humanitaruli
tvirTebis transportirebas evropa-kavkasia-aziis “TRACECA” koridoris gavliT, agreTve isini
miesalmnen mimdinare wlis 12 aprils frankfurtSi msxvili satransporto gadamzidavi
kompaniebis xelmZRvanebis mier xelmoweril TanamSromlobis deklaracias. konferenciis
monawileebma xazi gausves “trasekas vizis” ganxorcielebisaTvis erTiani samarTlebrivi
dokumentis Seqmnis aucileblobas, rac moicavs TRACECA-s koridoris gavliT
transportirebuli satranzito tvirTebisaTvis erTiani dokumentis Seqmnas. agreTve maT mxari
dauWires TRACECA-s koridoris konkurentunarianobis gaumjobesebisaTvis “TRACECA-s koeficientis” SemoRebas sarkinigzo da sazRvao transportisaTvis. sk-s wevrebma agreTve
miiRes “TRACECA-s erTiani sainformacio sistemis” koncenfcia da gadawyvetileba “sazRvao
transportis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb”.
TRACECA amoqmedda 1993 wlidan. is warmoadgens evrokavSiris mier dafinansebul
teqnikuri daxmarebis proeqts, romlis mizania dasavleT-aRmosavleTis (evropidan kavkasiis
gavliT centraluri aziisaken) satransporto koridoris ganviTareba. dReisaTvis TRACECA-s proeqtis farglebSi mis wevr qveynebSi finansdeba 39 teqnikuri daxmarebis proeqti
(57,405 milioni evro) da 14 sainvesticio proeqti infrastruqturis reabilitaciisaTvis
(52,3 milioni evro). saqarTvelo am daxmarebis erT-erTi umsxvilesi recipientia da is
monawileobs 28 teqnikur da 7 sainvesticio proeqtSi.
wyaro: www.traceca.org
erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi
14 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2
sagareo vali
2002 wlis 30 ivnisisaTvis, saqarTvelos sagareo valma, saxelmwifos mier
garantirebuli sesxebis CaTvliT miaRwia 1 670 milion aSS dolars (3 658 milioni
lari), rac 68 milioni aSS dolariT (110,3 milioni lari) aRemateba I kvartlis
bolos arsebuli valis moculobas. aprili-ivnisis periodSi aTvisebuli iqna
mxolod 9,8 milioni aSS dolaris odenobis ucxouri kreditebi, maSin, roca sagareo
valis moculoba ufro mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. es dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom
saqarTvelos sagareo valis mniSvnelovani wili gamosaxulia ssu-sa da sxva
valutebSi (evro, iaponuri ieni, quveiTuri dinari), xolo maT mimarT larisa da aSS
dolaris gaufasurebam ganapiroba saqarTvelos sagareo valis mTliani odenobis
zrda larebsa da aSS-s dolarebze gadaangariSebiT.
dReisaTvis saqarTvelos kreditorma qveynebma TurqmeneTis, CineTisa da
uzbekeTis garda, miiRes 2001 wlis martSi “parizis klubis” oficialuri kreditori
qveynebis mier SemoTavazebuli pirobebi. zomieri ekonomikuri zrdis, Semosavlebis
susti mobilizaciisa da sagareo valis momsaxurebis mZime valdebulebebis
arsebobis pirobebSi savaraudoa rom saqarTvelos mTavroba mimarTavs “parizis
klubis” qveynebs valis momsaxurebis tvirTis Semdgomi Semsubuqebis winadadebiT.
sakiTxis gadawyvetis erT-erT variants warmoadgens amJamad arsebuli SeRavaTiani
periodis gagrZeleba 2003 wlis ganmavlobaSi. es saSualebas miscems qveyanas
gadaavados 50 milioni aSS dolaris gadaxda momaval wels.
sagadamxdelo balansi
ssd-is informaciiT 2002 wlis I kvartalSi rogorc eqsportis, ise importis
moculoba Semcirda gasuli wlis Sesabamis periodTan SedarebiT. sagareo
vaWrobis brunva da vaWrobis deficiti agreTve Seikveca. qveynis sagareo vaWrobis
gafarToebis ZiriTad xelSemSlel faqtors warmoadgens saqarTvelos eqsportis
sasaqonlo struqturis SezRuduloba. gasul welTan SedarebiT mimdinare
angariSis deficiti I kvartalSi gaizarda da Seadgina 8,5 procenti mSp-Tan
mimarTebaSi. I kvartlis sagadamxdelo balansis Taviseburebas warmoadgenda
ararezidentTa Semosavlebis mkveTri zrda saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli
pirdapiri investiciebidan4, ramac mniSvnelovanwilad ganapiroba mimdinare angariSis
deficitis zrda. es efeqti savaraudoa, rom dakavSirebulia aRricxvianobis
gaumjobesebasTan. rac Seexeba ucxoeTSi momuSave qarTvelebis gzavnilebs
saqarTveloSi, maTi moculoba gaizarda wlis pirvel naxevarSi, maSin roca
mimdinare transfertebi saxelmwifo seqtorisaTvis Semcirda.
4 ararezidentTa Semosavalma pirdapiri investiciebidan Seadgina 21,3 milioni aSS dolari 2002 wlis I kvartalSi, maSin roca gasuli wlis Sesabmis periodSi mxolod 2 milioni aSS dolari.
erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 15
cxrili 2.2: saqarTvelos sagcxrili 2.2: saqarTvelos sagcxrili 2.2: saqarTvelos sagcxrili 2.2: saqarTvelos sagadamxdelo balansi 2000adamxdelo balansi 2000adamxdelo balansi 2000adamxdelo balansi 2000----2002 wlebi, I kvartali2002 wlebi, I kvartali2002 wlebi, I kvartali2002 wlebi, I kvartali
(milioni aSS dolari)(milioni aSS dolari)(milioni aSS dolari)(milioni aSS dolari)
2000 w. I kv.2000 w. I kv.2000 w. I kv.2000 w. I kv. 2001 w. I kv.2001 w. I kv.2001 w. I kv.2001 w. I kv. 2002 w. I kv.2002 w. I kv.2002 w. I kv.2002 w. I kv.
mimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSi -72,7 -55,6 -64,2
savaWro balansi savaWro balansi savaWro balansi savaWro balansi -128,6 -137,7 -132,4
eqsporti 97,8 112,1 97,7
importi -226,4 -249,8 -230,2
mo mo mo momsaxurebamsaxurebamsaxurebamsaxureba 4 19,6 18,7
eqsporti 50,7 73,8 76,2
importi -46,6 -54,2 -57,5
Semosavlebi Semosavlebi Semosavlebi Semosavlebi 21,1 6 -5,8
krediti 36,2 23,9 28
debeti -15,1 -18 -33,7
mimdinare transfertebi mimdinare transfertebi mimdinare transfertebi mimdinare transfertebi 30,8 56,5 55,2
krediti 35,8 61,4 61,2
debeti -5,1 -4,9 -5,9
kakakakapitalisa da finansuri angariSipitalisa da finansuri angariSipitalisa da finansuri angariSipitalisa da finansuri angariSi 25,8 70,8 16,9
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi 33 20,1 30,2
saportfelo investiciebi saportfelo investiciebi saportfelo investiciebi saportfelo investiciebi 2,5 -1,3 0
sxva investiciebi sxva investiciebi sxva investiciebi sxva investiciebi -17,9 58,6 2,7
sarezervo aqtivebi sarezervo aqtivebi sarezervo aqtivebi sarezervo aqtivebi 9,4 -5 10,9
wminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebiwminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebiwminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebiwminda Secdomebi da gamotovebebi 46,9 -15,2 3,5wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti SeniSvna: sagareo vaWrobis amsaxveli monacemebi moicavs araregistrirebul vaWrobas.
turizmis ganviTareba qveyanaSi savaluto Semosavlebis mozidvis erT-erT
yvelaze perspeqtiul mimarTulebas warmoadgens. mimdinare wlis 20 maiss TbilisSi
gaixsna axali xuTvarskvlaviani 127 nomriani sastumro “Tbilisi marioti”. Tumca,
ucxoeli turistebisa da vizitorebis nakadi saqarTveloSi TandaTanobiT mcirdeba.
bolo wlebSi turistul biznesSi dabandebuli iqna 150 milioni aSS dolaris
moculobis investiciebi, saidanac ori mesamedi ucxouria. 1999 wlis Semdeg
saqarTveloSi mwyobrSi Sevida 210 sastumro 2 491 nomriT. Tumca ucxoeli
moqalaqeebisaTvis usafrxoebis uzrunvelyofis problema xels uSlis turistTa
nakadebis mozidvas saqarTveloSi.
rac Seexeba kapitalisa da finansur angariSs, pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi
saqarTveloSi 2002 wels gaizarda, magram maTi moculoba mainc Zalian mcirea5.
Tumca, axlo momavalSi mosalodnelia investiciebis ufro mkveTri zrda, rac
dakavSirebuli iqneba kaspiis zRvis energoresursebis transportirebisaTvis
navTobsadenisa da gazsadenis mSeneblobasTan. mimdinare wlis dasawyisSi
mniSvnelovnad Semcirda sagareo sesxebisa da komerciuli kreditebis odenoba,
Tumca saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier ssf-sa da msoflio bankis moTxovnebis
Sesruleba saSualebas iZleva wlis meore naxevarSi miRebuli iqnes damatebiTi
finansuri resursebi saerTaSoriso safinanso institutebidan.
5 pirdapirma ucxourma investiciebma Seadgines 30,176 milioni aSS dolari 2002 I kv. da 35,817 milioni aSS dolari 2002 II kv.-Si, roca gasul wels Sesabamisi maCveneblebi Seadgenda I kv._20,045 milioni aSS dolarsa da II kv._30,757 milion aSS dolars.
erovnuli angariSebi da ekonomikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi
16 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2
CanarTi 2.2CanarTi 2.2CanarTi 2.2CanarTi 2.2
makroekonomikuri sirTuleebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidat qveynebSimakroekonomikuri sirTuleebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidat qveynebSimakroekonomikuri sirTuleebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidat qveynebSimakroekonomikuri sirTuleebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidat qveynebSi
evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kandidati qveynebi ukve imyofebian im mdgomareobaSi, roca
maT SeuZliaT daZlion potenciuri makroekonomikuri problemebi da uzrunvelyon
makroekonomikuri stabiluroba saSualo vadian periodSi. Tumca, kandidati qveynebis
daaxloeba evrogaerTianebis wevri qveynebis saSualo donesTan jer-jerobiT mokrZalebulia.
mSp-s saSualo maCvenebeli erT sul mosaxleze gadaangariSebiT msyidvelunarianobis
paritetis gaTvalisiwinebiT kandidat qveynebSi Seadgenda 2000 wels evrogaerTianebis
maCveneblis 35,2 procents, daaxloebiT imdens, rasac 1996 wels. aqedan yvelaze dabali
maCvenebeli gaaCnia bulgareTs, rumineTsa da TurqeTs_30 procentze naklebi da yvelaze
maRali kvipross - 86,2 procenti. 1996-2000 wlebis periodSi kandidat qveynebSi ekonomikuri
zrdis saSualo maCvenebeli meryeobda –1,6 procentidan rumineTSi 5,2 procentamde poloneTSi.
sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesTan dakavSirebuli ekonomikuri recesiisa da warmoebis
mimdinare restruqturizaciis Sedegad, am qveynebSi umuSevroba rCeba erT-erT ZiriTad
problemad. kerZod, umuSevrobis done 2000 wels meryeobda 4,9 procentidan (kviprosSi)
15 procentamde (bulgarTSi, litvaSi, slovakiasa da poloneTSi). evrokavSiris qveynebTan
CamorCenis daZleva moiTxovs did investiciebsa da swraf teqnologiur cvlilebebs.
miuxedavad daCqarebuli ekonomikuri zrdisa, Sida danazogebi Cans, rom ver akmayofilebs
sainvesticio moTxovnas, ramac SeiZleba ganapirobos danazogebsa da investiciebs Soris
gansxvaveba da Sesabamisi mimdinare angariSis deficiti.
kandidati qveynebis rogorc axali wevrebis, monawileoba ekonomikur da monetarul
kavSirSi ayalibebs zust orientirebs fulad-sakredito da gacvliTi kursis politikis
warmarTvisaTvis. fulad-sakredito politikasTan mimarTebiT, sxva moTxovnebs Soris dgas
centraluri bankis damoukideblobis ganmtkicebis sakiTxi, romlis saboloo mizans fasebis
stabilurobis uzrunvelyofa da centraluri bankis mier mTavrobis pirdapiri dafinansebis
akrZalva warmoadgens. es sistema amJamad progresulad xorcieldeba. rac Seexeba gacvliTi
kursis politikas, misi saboloo mizani evros SemoRebaa. kandidati qveynebis umravlesobis
savaluto politika mimarTulia ufro metad moqnil gacvliTi kursis reJimebze.
makroekonomikuri politikis TvalsazrisiT did sirTules warmoadgens mimdinare
angariSis deficiti. 2000 wels kandidati qveynebis mimdinare angariSis deficitis saSualo
done Seadgenda mSp-s 5 procents. moklevadian periodSi am qveynebs jer kidev SeuZliaT
daeyrdnon privatizaciasTan dakavSirebul investiciebis nakads, rogorc deficitis
dafinansebis wyaros. vinaidan privatizaciis procesi dasasruls uaxlovdeba, deficitis
dafinanseba SeiZleba eyrdnobodes valebis dagrovebas. Tumca, is ufro moklevadiani da
amasTan erTad ufro mobiluri iqneba qveynidan kapitalis swrafi gadinebis TvalsazrisiT.
ekonomikuri politika da makroekonomikuri garemo stabilurobis SenarCunebisaTvis
gadamwyvetia. regularuli dialogi makroekonomikuri politikisa da finansuri stabilurobis
sakiTxebis farTo speqtrze wevr da kandidat qveynebs Soris saSualebas miscems kandidat
qveynebs daaCqaron evrogaerTianebaSi integraciis procesi da daZlion sirTuleebi.
wyaro: angariSi kandidat qveynebSi makroekonomikuri da finansuri stabilurobis Sesaxeb, evrokomisia,
ekonomikuri da finansuri sakiTxebis direqtorati, 2002.
Tavi mesame. saxelmwifo finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 17
2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Tanaxmad wlis pirvel naxevarSi mTliani
Semosavlebi da grantebi 448,5 milioni lari unda yofiliyo, rac wliuri prognozis
48 procentia. saxelmwifo biujetis faqtiurma Semosavlebma wlis pirvel naxevarSi
381,9 milioni lari Seadgina, rac dagegmilze 66,5 milioni lariT naklebia. srulad
ar iqna miRebuli gaTvaliswinebuli Semosavlebi sagareo wyaroebidan. amiT aixsneba
35,6 milioni laris danaklisi. gegmis Seusruleblobis meore mizezia
mosalodnelze naklebi sagadasaxado Semosavlebi. Tumca gadasaxdebis amoReba wina
welTan SedarebiT 6 procentiT gaumjobesda. mogebis gadasaxadisa da saqonlis
importisas amoRebuli gadasaxadebis mkveTr zrdas Tan axlda yvela sxva
gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebis umniSvnelo kleba.
centraluri biujetis xarjebis gegma wlis pirvel naxevarSi ganisazRvra
454 milioni lariT. faqtiurma xarjebma Seadgina 377,3 milioni lari, rac gegmis
83 procentia. specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis xarjebma 113,9 milioni lari
Seadgina. xarjebis gawevisas mTavrobis ZiriTadi prioritetebi iyo socialuri
sferos dafinanseba, saxelmwifos marTva da saxelmwifo valis momsaxureba.
saxelmwifo biujetis deficiti dafinansda 82 milioni lariT. aqedan
53 milioni lari aris saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis krediti, danarCeni ki
adgilobrivi wyaroebidan Semovida.
saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi
2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti wlis pirvel naxevarSi iTvaliswinebda
448,5 milioni laris miRebas saSemosavlo nawilSi, saidanac 355 milioni lari
centraluri biujetis Semosavali unda yofiliyo. saxelmwifo biujetma faqtiurad
381,9 milioni lari miiRo, rac gegmuri maCveneblis 85,2 procentia. 66,5 milioni
laris danaklisi ZiriTadad aixsneba dagegmilze naklebi sagadasaxado SemosavlebiT
yvela gadasaxadidan garda 1 procentiani socialuri gadasaxadisa. gegmis
Seusruleblobis meore wyaroa arasrulad miRebuli sagareo grantebi.
arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi aseve CamorCeboda gegmas.
saxelmwifo biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis gegma wlis pirvel naxevarSi
ganisazRvra 357,2 milioni lariT, rac sagadasaxado Semosavlebis wliuri prognozis
46,3 procentia. faqtiurad miRebuli iqna 331,3 milioni laris Semosavlebi, rac gegmis
92,8 procentia. es maCvenebeli ufro axloa saprognozosTan, vidre mTliani
biujetis Sesrulebis maCvenebeli.
arasagadasaxado Semosavlebis xaziT wlis pirvel naxevarSi biujetma miiRo
48,7 milioni lari, rac gegmur maCvenebelze 9 procentiT naklebia. gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebuli 37,3 milioni laris sagareo grantebidan mxolod 4,3 procenti iqna
miRebuli.
saxelmwifo finansebi
18 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebis Sedareba saprognozo da wina
wlis maCveneblebTan moyvanilia cxrilSi 3.1
cxrili 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax. (milioni lari)
wlis
geg
ma
wlis
pir
veli
naxevar
is g
egma
wlis
pir
veli
naxevar
is f
aqtiu
ri
Semosavleb
i
geg
mis S
esruleb
a
faqtiu
ri
Semosavleb
i
wliu
r g
egmasTan
zrda
win
a wel
Tan
Sed
areb
iT
sul Semosavlebi da grantebi 928,6 448,5 381,95 85,2 41,1 109
sagadasaxado Semosavlebi 771,3 357,2 331,3 92,8 43,0 106
arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi 79,1 53,6 48,7 90,7 61,6 158
specialuri saxelmwifo
fondebis Semosavlebi
(centraluri biujetidan
transfertis gareSe)
198,3 93,5 86,9 93,0 43,8 101
grantebi 77,5 37,3 1,6 4,3 2,1 23
wyaro: finansTa saministro
miuxedavad imisa rom Semosavlebi yvela kategoriaSi CamorCeboda saprognozo
maCveneblebs, monacemebi asaxavs mniSvnelovan zrdas wina welTan SedarebiT.
biujetis mTliani Semosavlebis nominalurma zrdam wlis ganmavlobaSi 9 procenti
Seadgina. periodebs Soris 5.9 procentiani inflacia imis maCvenebelia, rom adgili
hqonda Semosavlebis realur zrdas. nominaluri zrda yvelaze mniSvnelovan,
sagadasaxado Semosavlebis kategoriaSi inflaciis maCveneblis tolfasi, 6 procenti
iyo. Tumca specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis Semosavlebis zrda, rac ZiriTadad
gadasaxadebisgan Sedgeba da Sedis zemoT moyvanil sagadasaxado SemosavlebSi,
naklebia inflaciis maCvenebelze, rac specfondebis Semosavlebis realur klebaze
miuTiTebs. arasagadasaxado Semosavlebis 58 procentiani zrda wina welTan
SedarebiT ganpirobebulia centralur biujetSi erovnuli bankis mogebis
gadaricxviT. 2001 wels analogiuri gadaricxva wlis Semdgom periodebSi moxda.
sxvagvari Sedarebaa saWiro imisaTvis, rom SevafasoT Tu riT aris Semosavlebis
zrda ganpirobebuli – ekonomikuri zrdiT Tu administrirebis gaumjobesebiT. Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT 5,9 procentian inflacias da mSp-s 4,2 procentian zrdas periodebs
Soris, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom saxelmwifo Semosavlebi administrirebis imave
donis SenarCunebiT Semosavlebi 10,3 procentiT unda gazrdiliyo. Sesabamisad,
nominaluri zrdis maCvenebeli administraciis gauaresebaze miuTiTebs.
centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis detalebi moyvanilia
cxrilSi 3.2.
saxelmwifo finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 19
cxrili 3.2: centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.2: centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.2: centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.2: centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis I nax.
(milioni lari)
wlis
geg
ma
wlis
pir
veli
naxevar
is g
egma
wlis
pir
veli
naxevar
is
faqtiu
ri
Semosavleb
i
geg
mis
Ses
ruleb
a
faqtiu
ri
Semosavleb
i
wliu
r
geg
masTan
zrda win
a
wel
Tan
Sed
areb
iT
centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado
Semosavlebi 573,7 264,1 244,7 92,7 42,7 106,
saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 19,9 9,3 8,2 88,9 41,4 98mogebis gadasaxadi 9,6 4,5 3,9 86,6 40,9 124dRg 374,8 172,2 166,6 96,7 44,5 108
adgilobrivi 203,5 94,4 92,8 98,3 45,6 99importi 171,3 77,8 73,8 94,8 43,1 121
aqcizi 104,7 48,0 40,3 84,0 38,5 103adgilobrivi 27,1 12,6 10,1 79,6 37,1 94importi 77,6 35,4 30,3 85,5 39,0 106
sabaJo gadasaxadi 59,2 27,4 21,2 77,2 35,7 102sxva gadasaxadebi 5,5 2,6 4,4 173,3 80,9 -
1 procentiani socialuri
gadasaxadi 5,5 2,6 2,9 113,8 53,1 -
fiqsirebuli gadasaxadi - - 1,6 - - -wyaro: finansTa saministro
SeniSvna: 1 procentiani socialuri gadasaxadi wina wlebSi dasaqmebis fondSi miimarTeboda.
fiqsirebuli gadasaxadi SemoRebul iqna 2002 wlis ianvarSi da am wyarodan Semosavlebis gegma ar yofila
gaTvaliswinebuli biujetis Sedgenis etapze.
mTliani sagadasaxado Semosavlebis zrdis maCvenebeli gamoTvlilia sxva gadasaxadebis
gauTvaliswineblad romlebic centralur biujetSi mxolod 2002 wels Sevida.
Semosavali pirdapiri gadasaxadebidan dagegmilze naklebi iyo. saSemosavlo
gadasaxadidan miRebuli 8.2 milioni lari da mogebis gadasaxadidan miRebuli
3.9 milioni lari wlis pirveli naxevris saprognozo maCveneblebs Sesabamisad 11 da
13 procentiT CamorCeboda. Tumca wina wlis monacemebTan Sedareba miuTiTebs
saSemosavlo gadasaxadis umniSvnelo klebaze maSin, roca mogebis gadasaxadidan
miRebuli Semosavlebi 24 procentiT gaizarda.
damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebi ufro axlos
iyo saprognozo maCveneblebTan. am gadasaxads kritikuli mniSvneloba aqvs mTliani
biujetis SemosavlebisTvis (dRg-s Semosavlebma centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado
Semosavlebis 68 procenti Seadgina). am xaziT miRebuli 166 milioni lari wlis
pirveli naxevris saprognozo maCveneblis 96,7 procenti iyo da wina welTan
SedarebiT 8 procentiT gaizarda. Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom mxolod importidan
miRebuli dRg-s Semosavlebi gaizarda, sadac nominalurma zrdam 21 procenti
Seadgina.
SesaZloa saqarTvelos sagadasaxado sistemaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi
moxdes. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis instituti muSaobs axali
sagadasaxado kodeqsis SemuSavebaze. am proeqtma mniSvnelovani politikuri
mxardaWera moipova. SemoTavazebuli proeqti iTvaliswinebs arsebuli gadasaxadebis
oTx gadasaxadamde dayvanas. esenia saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, dRg, aqcizi da qonebis
saxelmwifo finansebi
20 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
gadasaxadi. proeqti aseve iTvaliswinebs gadasaxadebis ganakveTebis mniSvnelovan
Semcirebas da cvlilebebs gadasaxadis gamoTvlis meTodologiaSi. erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani cvlilebaa dRg-s valdebulebis gamoTvlis angariS-faqturis
meTodidan gamoklebis meTodze gadasvla. miuxedavad imisa rom gamoklebis meTodi
naklebad aris daculi upatiosno garigebebisgan da gadasaxadebis damalvisgan,
koncefciis avtorebi miiCneven rom es cvlileba gaaumjobesebs konkurentul garemos
saqarTvelos bazarze. dRevandel dRes iTvleba, rom arsebuli angariS-faqturis
meTodi ar aris adeqvaturad ganxorcielebuli. Sedegad zogierTi biznesi
iZulebulia gadaixados dRg ara marto Tavis Seqmnil damatebul Rirebulebaze
aramed im Rirebulebaze romelic warmoebis wina etapebze Seiqmna. gamoklebis
meTodze gadasvla Seamcirebs zRvars “gadamxdelebsa” da “argadamxdelebs” Soris.
AdRg-s valdebulebis gansazRvris angariS-faqturisa da gamoklebis meTodebis
maxasiaTeblebi ganxilulia CanarTSi 3.1 am Tavis bolos.
aqcizidan miRebuli Semosavlebi wlis pirveli naxevaris gegmas 26 procentiT
CamorCeboda. Tumca am wyarodan miRebuli 40,3 milioni lari wina wlis Sesabamis
maCvenebels 3 procentiT aRemateba. zrda, iseve rogorc dRgs SemTxvevaSi,
ganpirobebulia importis dabegvriT. sabaJo gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebi
gegmis 77,2 procenti iyo da wina welTan SedarebiT umniSvnelod gaizarda.
gadasaxadebis akrefis zogadi suraTi Semdegia: mogebis gadasaxadidan da
importis dabegvridan miRebuli Semosavlebis mkveTr zrdas Tan axlavs yvela sxva
gadasaxadidan miRebuli Semosavlebis umniSvnelo kleba. amave dros mSp-s da
importis moculobebs an struqturas ar ganucdia iseTi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi
rasac SeeZlo sagadasaxado Semosavlebis zemoT aRwerili ganviTareba gamoewvia.
movlenebis axsna SesaZloa administraciul aRsrulebaSi iyos. pirvel rigSi
aRsaniSnavia rom administrireba sazRvarze ufro advilia da ar moiTxovs rTul
sabuRaltro Semowmebas. meore faqtorad SeiZleba CavTvaloT is, rom adgilobriv
mewarmeebs urCevniaT Tanxebi mogebis saxiT gaitanon, vidre xelfasis saxiT
imisaTvis rom Tavi aaridon mZime socialur gadasaxadebs. da bolos Tu
vigulisxmebT, rom upatiosno sagadasaxado praqtika farTod aris gavrcelebuli
saqarTveloSi da sagadasaxado organoebi mewarmisagan ubralod metis gadaxdas
moiTxoven, mewarmes urCevnia meti mogeba aCvenos angariSebSi, vidre meti dRg-s
daqvemdebarebuli gayidvebi an realuri xelfasebi.
specialuri saxelmwifo fondebi
socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mTlianma Semosavlebma
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 99,6 milioni lari Seadgina. am Tanxidan 75,1 milioni
lari (wliuri gegmis 48,4 procenti) socialuri gadasaxadebidan Semovida, xolo
24 milioni lari (wliuri gegmis 47,3 procenti centraluri biujetidan miRebuli
transferi iyo. saxelmwifo pensiebi dafinansda 97,5 milioni lariT, rac wliuri
gegmis 43,2 procentia. 2 milioni lari daixarja pensiebisa da sxva socialuri
daxmarebebis gasanawileblad. administraciulma xarjebma Seadgina 1,9 milioni lari.
wlis pirvel naxevarSi sagzao fondis Semosavlebi biujetis Tanaxmad
19,8 milioni lari unda yofiliyo. fondis sakuTarma Semosavlebma (romlebic
saxelmwifo finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 21
ZiriTadad navTobproduqtebis aqcizidan da sxva gadasaxdebidan Semodis) 16 milioni
lari Seadgina. 1 milioni lari gadmoericxa sagzao fonds prezidentis fondidan
maRalmTian raionebSi wvimebis Sedegad dazianebuli xidebis aRsadgenad. fondis
ZiriTadi xarjebi iyo: gzebis SekeTebisaTvis 6,8 milioni lari; wina wlebSi
Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis safasuris gadaxda – 4,5 milioni lari; saerTaSoriso
kreditebiT dafinansebuli proeqtebis Tanadafinanseba – 2,6 milioni lari;
kreditebis momsaxurebis xarjebi – 1 milioni lari.
saxelmwifo biujetis deficiti
2002 wlis biujetis kanoni wlis pirvel naxevarSi iTvaliswinebda deficitis
dasafinanseblad 80,7 milioni laris mozidvas adgilobrivi da ucxouri wyaroebidan.
deficitis faqtiurma dafinansebam 82,8 milioni lari Seadgina, rac gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebulis 103 procentia. saxelmwifos davalianeba erovnuli bankis mimarT
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 14 milioni lariT gaizarda, nacvlad dagegmili
20 milioni larisa. saxazino valdebulebebi gamoSvebul iqna 12,7 milioni laris
moculobiT, rac gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuls 5,2 milioni lariT aRemateba. saxelmwifo
qonebis privatizaciidan miRebuli Tanxebi gegmasTan SesabamisobaSi iyo da
3,5 milioni lari Seadgina. saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis investiciurma
kreditebma 52,4 milioni lari Seadgina, rac gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuls 5,3 procentiT
aRemateba. saxazino angariSebze arsebuli naSTi wlis dasawyisSi 14,6 milioni lari
iyo. es Tanxebi gamoyenebul iqna 2001 wlis dekembris davalianebebis dasafaravad.
centraluri biujetis xarjebi
centraluri biujeti 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi wina wlis dekembris
davalianebis CaTvliT 454,4 milioni laris xarjebs iTvaliswinebda. faqtiurma
xarjebma 377,3 milioni lari Seadgina rac gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulis 83 procentia.
periodis bolosTvis mTavrobis angariSebze arsebuli naSTi 15 milion lars
Seadgenda rac gamoyenebul iqna ivlisSi arsebuli davalianebebis dasafaravad.
entraluri biujetis xarjebi ekonomikur WrilSi moyvanilia qvemoT
cxrilSi 3.3.
saxelmwifo finansebi
22 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
cxrili 3.3: centraluri biujetis xarjebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.3: centraluri biujetis xarjebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.3: centraluri biujetis xarjebi, 2002 wlis I nax.cxrili 3.3: centraluri biujetis xarjebi, 2002 wlis I nax.
(milioni lari)
2002 wlis
pirveli
naxevari
2001 wlis
pirveli
naxevari
zrda wina
welTan
SedarebiT
sul xarjebi 377,4 305,8 123,4xelfasebi 39,1 35,3 110,8mivlinebebi 2,9 2,2 134,4socialuri anaricxebi 9,3 7,7 120,7sxva saqoneli da momsaxureba 45,6 38,5 118,5procentebis gadaxda 64,0 53,9 118,7subsidiebi da mimdinare
transfertebi 126,7107,6
117,7kapitaluri xarjebi 0,3 0,6 42,2programuli xarjebi 13,3 11,7 113,5wminda dakrediteba 76,2 48,3 157,8
wyaro: finansTa saministro
saxelmwifo moxeleTa xelfasebi gegmis 80 procentiT dafinansda. am muxliT
gaweuli 39 milioni laris xarji 10 milioni lariT CamorCeboda dagegmil
moculobas magram mainc 10 procentiT aRemateboda wina wlis analogiur maCvenebels.
saxelmwifos, rogorc damqiraveblis socialuri Senatanebi 84 procentiT
dafinansda. socialuri Senatanebis xelfasebTan SedarebiT ukeTesi dafinanseba
rogorc Cans asaxavs wina periodebSi arsebul socialuri Senatanebis davalianebas
romelic 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi daifara. mivlinebebze daixarja 2,9 milioni
lari gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli 3,9 milioni laris nacvlad. Tanxebis gamoyofa am
muxlisaTvis ZiriTadad mTavrobis sarezervo fondidan xdeboda.
“sxva saqoneli da momsaxurebis” muxliT wlis pirvel naxevarSi 45 milioni
lari daixarja, rac gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulis 67 procentia. am muxliT yvelaze
mniSvnelovani xarji kvebis produqtebis SeZena iyo, romlebic gankuTvnilia
samxedro samsaxurebisTvis, patimrebisTvis da obol bavSvTa saxlebisTvis. kvebis
produqtebis SesaZenad 8,3 milioni lari daixarja, nacvlad gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebuli 10 milioni larisa. saqarTvelos diplomatiuri
warmomadgenlobebi sazRvargareT aseve sxva saqoneli da momsaxurebis muxlidan
finansdeba. 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi am miznebisTvis 7,4 milioni lari daixarja
rac gegmis 85 procentia. 4,1 milioni lari daixarja adgilobrivi arCevnebis
organizebisTvis. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebisTvis eleqtroenergiisa da wylis
miwodebaze 6,2 milioni lari daixarja. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT saxazino
angariSebidan CamoiWra 4,3 milioni lari im kompaniebis sasargeblod, romlebmac
wina wlebSi saxelmwifos miawodes saqoneli an momsaxureba da sanacvlod ar miiRes
anazRaureba.
saxelmwifo valze procentebis gadaxdam wlis pirvel naxevarSi 53,9 milioni
lari Seadgina, saidanac 25,2 milioni lari sagareo valis momsaxurebaze daixarja,
xolo 38,7 milioni lari erovnuli bankis sesxis momsaxurebis da saxazino
valdebulebebze diskontis xarjebi iyo. subsidiebi da mimdinare transfertebi
gegmis 90 procentiT dafinansda. am kategoriaSi mniSvnelovani xarjebi iyo
adgilobriv biujetebSi transferti 32 milioni laris odenobiT, skolis
saxelmwifo finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 23
maswavleblebis xelfasebi da sxva socialuri xarjebi 30 milioni laris odenobiT,
transferti socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondSi 24 milioni laris odenobiT,
subsidia energetikis dargisTvis 12 milioni laris odenobiT da subsidia
saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevis kompanias 8 milioni laris odenobiT.
programulma xarjebma 13,3 milioni lari Seadgina. aq Sedis jandacvis
saxelmwifo programis, invalidTa saxelmwifo programisa da dasaqmebis saxelmwifo
programis 6,9 milioni laris xarjebi, aseve mosaxleobis aRwerasTan dakavSirebuli
1,8 milioni lari. wminda dakreditebis muxliT gaweulma xarjebma wlis pirvel
naxevarSi 76,2 milioni lari Seadgina rac gegmis 94 procentia. aqedan 16,1 milioni
lari iyo saxelmwifo valis ZiriTadi Tanxis gadaxda. saerTaSoriso safinanso
organizaciebis dafinansebulma proeqtebma 53,6 milioni lari Seadgina xolo amave
proeqtebis Tanadafinansebam saqarTvelos mxridan 6,5 milioni lari.
saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebis funqcionalur WrilSi ganxilva ukeTesad
aCvenebs mTavrobis xarjviT prioritetebs.
cxrili 3.4: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionalcxrili 3.4: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionalcxrili 3.4: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionalcxrili 3.4: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi funqcionalur WrilSi,ur WrilSi,ur WrilSi,ur WrilSi,
2002 wlis pirveli nax.2002 wlis pirveli nax.2002 wlis pirveli nax.2002 wlis pirveli nax.
(milioni lari)
xarjebi
procenti mTlian
xarjebSi
saxelmwifos marTva 91,9 20,1Tavdacva 16,9 3,7kanoniereba da wesrigi 37,9 8,3ganaTleba 15,2 3,3jandacva 16,7 3,7socialuri uzrunvelyofa 116,3 25,5sabinao meurneoba 1,9 0,4kultura sporti da religia 10,1 2,2energetika 12,6 2,8soflis meurneoba 2,9 0,6mSenebloba da wiaRiseulis mopoveba 0,2 0,1transporti da kavSirgabmuloba 19,6 4,3sxva ekonomikuri saqmianoba 1,1 0,2sxva xarjebi 112,9 24,7sul xarjebi 456,5 100,0
wyaro: finansTa saministro
saxelmwifos marTvis, socuzrunvelyofis da sxva xarjebs kvlav mTavari
adgili uWiravs saxelmwifo biujetSi. saxelmwifos marTvis xarjebi aerTianebs
saxelmwifo struqturebis Senaxvis xarjebs (ZiriTadad xelfasebi da saqonlis
SeZena) da aseve saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis mier dafinansebul
proeqtebs (60 milioni lari). socialuri uzrunvelyofis xarjebi faravs
67.2 milioni laris saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SeZenas da 47,5 milioni laris
socialuri xasiaTis transfertebs. sxva xarjebis muxliT 64 milioni lari daixarja
saxelmwifo finansebi
24 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
procentebis gadaxdaze, 16 milioni lari saxelmwifo valis ZiriTadi Tanxis
gadaxdaze, xolo 32 milioni lari subsidiebze.
CanarTi 3.1CanarTi 3.1CanarTi 3.1CanarTi 3.1
dRg----s valdebulebis gansazRvris meTodebis valdebulebis gansazRvris meTodebis valdebulebis gansazRvris meTodebis valdebulebis gansazRvris meTodebi
dRgs ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia is rom gadasaxadis gadaxda unda moxdes gayidvebsa da
Sesyidvebs Soris gansxvavebaze. arsebobs sami ZiriTadi gza romliTac amis uzrunvelyof
SeiZleba. esenia: angariS-faqturis, gamoklebis da damatebis meTodebi.
• angariS-faqturis meTodis gamoyenebisas, yoveli gamyidveli axdevinebs myidvels dadgenil
gadasaxads yovel gayidvaze da gadascems mas angariS-faqturas romelic uCvenebs
gadaxdili gadasaxadis odenobas. myidvels Tavis mxriv, Tu is aris dRg-s gadamxdeli
Tavis gayidvebze, SeuZlia miiRos sagadasaxado krediti nayid saqonelze gadaxdili dRg-s
odenobiT Tavis gayidvebze gadasaxdeli dRg-s winaaRmdeg da gansxvaveba gadauxados
sagadasaxado organoebs an daibrunos roca SeZenil saqonelze gadaxdili dRg aRemateba
gayidvebze gadasaxdel dRg-s.
• gamoklebis meTodis gamoyenebisas, gadasaxadis daricxva xdeba sabuRaltro angariSebze
dayrdnobiT. damatebuli Rirebuleba gamoiTvleba yoveli firmisTvis Semosavlebidan
daSvebuli xarjebis gamoklebiT.
• damatebis meTodis gamoyenebisas, gamoiyeneba damatebuli Rirebulebis Sefaseba romelic
gamoiTvleba faqtoruli Semosavlebis SekrebiT (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SesworebiT).
praqtika da sayovelTao SeTanxmeba mniSvnelovnad emxroba angariS-faqturis meTodis
gamoyenebas. erTaderTi qveyana sadac erovnul doneze dRg gamoiangariSeba gamoklebis
meTodiT aris iaponia. aseve, italiis IRAP (regionaluri saSemosavlo gadasaxadi), romelic
1998 wels iqna SemoRebuli, miuxedavad saxelis gansxvavebisa, faqtiurad aris gamoklebis
meTodiT gamoangariSebuli dRg.
angariS-faqturis da gamoklebis meTodebs bevri saerTo Tviseba aqvT. orive daculia
Sualedur transaqciebze gadasaxadis gadauxdelobisgan. Tu gamyidveli ar ganacxadebs
gayidvis Sesaxeb, dakarguli dRg-s kompensacia moxdeba im SemTxvevaSi Tu myidveli aseve ar
moiTxovs gadasaxadis CaTvlas (angariS-faqturis meTodi) an xarjebis gamoklebas (gamoklebis
meTodi). marTlac Caketili ekonomikis da erTganakveTiani gadasaxadis pirobebSi am meTodebs
Soris gansxvaveba ar aris. Tumca aseTi idealuri samyaros gareT ramodenime gansxvaveba
Cndeba.
am gansxvavebebis umetesoba asaxavs im ZiriTad princips rom angariS-faqturis meTodi
efuZneba transaqcibs xolo gamoklebis meTodi organizaciebs. es Tavis mxriv niSnavs rom
angariS-faqturis meTodis gamoyenebisas gadaxdili gadasaxadi winaswaria yovel stadiaze da
gamoiqviTeba Semdeg transaqciaze gadasaxadis gamoTvlisas, gamoklebis meTodis gamoyenebisas
ki gadaxdili gadasaxadi sabolooa. yvelaze ufro TvalsaCinoa Semdegi gansxvavebebi:
• imis gamo rom angariS-faqturis meTodi pirdapir akavSirebs myidvelis mier gadaxdil
gadasaxads gamoqviTvis uflebasTan, es meTodi ufro efeqturia Sualeduri gayidvebisas
gadasaxadis damalvis aRsakveTad. amis sapirispirod, gamoklebis meTodis gamoyenebisas,
gamyidvelma SesaZloa saerTod ar ganacxados ganxorcielebuli gayidvis Sesaxeb maSin
roca myidveli mainc moiTxovs xarjis gamoqviTvas. angariS-faqturis meTodiT igive efeqti
SeiZleba miviRoT maSin Tu gamyidveli ar Seitans sagadasaxado organoebSi gadasaxads
romelic myidvelisTvis micemul angariS-faqturaSia miTiTebuli.
saxelmwifo finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 25
• angariS-faqturis meTodi ukeT aris morgebuli gadasaxadis diferencirebul ganakveTTan.
magaliTisTvis warmovidginoT rom zogierTi saqonlis gayidva nulovani ganakveTiT
ibegreba rac imas niSnavs rom gayidvisas gadasaxadi ar gadaixdeba magram gamyidvels
ufleba aqvs gamoqviTos an daibrunos yidvisas gadaxdili gadasaxadi, sxva saqoneli ki
Cveulebriv standartuli gankveTiT ibegreba. aseT SemTxvevaSi, angariS faqturis meTodis
gamoyenebisas, nulovani ganakveTiT dabegril gayidvebze gadasaxadis gadaxda ubralod ar
xdeba. gamoklebis meTodis gamoyenebisas imave efeqtis misaRwevad, gayidvebis mTlian
moculobas unda gamoakldes nulovani ganakveTiT dabegrili gayidvebis moculoba,
risTvisac gamyidvelma unda ganasxvavos sabuRaltro angariSebSi sxvadasxva tipis
gayidvebi. analogiurad SesaZlebelia mravalganakveTiani sistemis gamoyeneba gamoklebis
meTodiT magram am SemTxvevaSi es meTodi garkveulwilad daemsgavseba angariS-faqturis
meTods radganac gamyidvelebs moeTxovebaT Seinaxon dokumentacia romelic daadasturebs
yoveli gayidvis tips. erTaderTi gansxvaveba angariS-faqturis meTodTan iqneba is rom ar
aris saWiro gamyidvels da myidvels erTnairi angariS-faqtura hqondeT.
• wina siZnelis kerZo SemTxveva warmoCindeba saerTaSoriso vaWrobasTan mimarTebaSi. Tu
vaRiarebT dRg-s daniSnulebis princips, rac saerTod rekomendirebulia, maSin eqsporti
nulovani ganakveTiT unda ibegrebodes. es ki rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT ufro bunebrivad
xorcieldeba angariS-faqturis meTodiT. amis sapirispirod, gamoklebis meTodis ufro
Seefereba warmoSobis principi (anu gadasaxadi gadaixdeba iq sadac moxda saqonlis
warmoeba) radganac Tavisis arsiT es meTodi aris gadasaxadi wyarosTan Seqmnil
damatebul Rirebulebaze.
• sxva siZneleebi warmoCindeba gadasaxadisgan ganTavisuflebul saqonelTan dakavSirebiT.
gadasaxadisgan ganTavisuflebis miRweva advilia orive SemTxvevaSi. angariS-faqturis
meTodisas gadasaxadis gadaxda ar xdeba saqonlis gayidvis dros da Sesabamisad myidvels
ar aqvs saSualeba CaiTvalos gadasaxadi momavalSi. gamoklebis meTodisas nulovani
ganakveTi miesadageba gayidvebsa da Sesyidvebs Soris gansxvavebas. sirTule maSin Cndeba
rodesac registrirebuli movaWre yidulobs gadasaxadisgan ganTavisuflebul saqonels.
angariS-faqturis meTodiT myidveli ar iRebs araviTar kredits, gamoklebis meTodiT ki
myidvels SeuZlia xarjebi gamoqviTos. romeli midgomaa umjobesi, es damokidebulia
imaze Tu ra motiviT aris saqoneli ganTavisuflebuli gadasaxadisgan. gadasaxadisgan
ganTavisuflebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani formaa mcire sawarmoebis ganTavisufleba dRg-
sgan im mizeziT rom maTgan gadasaxadis amoReba administraciulad mouxerxebelia. am
SemTxvevaSi gamoklebis meTodi ufro misaRebia radganac mcire sawarmoebidan Sesyidvebi
iseve ganixileba rogorc registrirebuli sawarmoebidan Sesyidvebi.
• sadac arsebobs efeqturi saSemosavlo gadasaxadis sistema (rac iSviaTobaa ganviTarebad
qveynebSi) SesaZloa gamoklebis meTodis hqondes upiratesoba administraciuli xarjebis
TvalsazrisiT, radganac aucilebeli informacia da sabuRaltro Canawerebi isedac
saWiroa saSemosavlo gadasaxadisaTvis.
gamoyenebulia: The Modern VAT/Liam Ebrill et.al; IMF 2001
Tavi meoTxe. fuli da finansebi
26 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
fulad-sakredito instrumentebi
2002 wlis biujetis kanonis Sesabamisad, biujetis deficitis adgilobrivi
wyaroebidan dafinansebisaTvis dadgenilia Semdegi parametrebi: 30 milioni lari
saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis (seb ) wminda dakrediteba, 20 milioni lari – saxazino
valdebulebebis (sv ) ganTavseba. amasTan erTad, biujetis deficitis seb-is pirdapiri
dakreditebidan saxazino valdebulebebis ganTavsebiT dafinansebaze gadasvla
erovnuli bankisa da finansTa saministros erTobliv amocanas warmoadgens. Fam
mizniT finansTa saministrom gazarda sv-s emisiebi. 2001 wels ganTavsebuli sv-s
saerTo Tanxam 60 milioni lari Seadgina, 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi emisiis
moculoba 128,7 milionamde gaizarda. 1997 wels sv-s SemoRebis Semdeg am fulad-
sakredito instrumentis roli biujetis dafinansebaSi sagrZnoblad gaizarda, rasac
qvemoT moyvanili naxati asaxavs.
nax. 4.1: saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis wminda dafinanseba nax. 4.1: saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis wminda dafinanseba nax. 4.1: saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis wminda dafinanseba nax. 4.1: saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis wminda dafinanseba sv----s ganTavsebiT, s ganTavsebiT, s ganTavsebiT, s ganTavsebiT,
1997 1997 1997 1997 ---- 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax.
0000
5555
10101010
15151515
20202020
25252525
1997199719971997 1998199819981998 1999199919991999 2000200020002000 2001200120012001 2002 I nax.2002 I nax.2002 I nax.2002 I nax.
milio
ni l
ari
milio
ni l
ari
milio
ni l
ari
milio
ni l
ari
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
seb-is da finansTa saministros (fs ) erToblivi RonisZiebebi sv-s mimarT
investorTa interesis asamaRleblad sakmaod warmatebuli iyo. moxda mniSvnelovani
cvlilebebi pirveladi bazris diversifikaciis mimarTulebiT. wina wlebSi sv-s
bazari ZiriTadaT sabanko investorebisagan Sedgeboda. 2002 wels arasabanko
investorebis raodenoba mkveTrad gaizarda da 58 procenti Seadgina, maSin rodesac
2001 wels maTi wili mxolod 19 procentiT Semoifargleboda. am procesis erT-erTi
axsnaa sv-s saprocento ganakveTebi, romlebic bankebis mier SeTavazebul sadepozito
ganakveTebze ufro maRali gaxda.
fuli da finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2 27
cxrili 4.1: larebSi denominirebuli sabanko depozitebis da cxrili 4.1: larebSi denominirebuli sabanko depozitebis da cxrili 4.1: larebSi denominirebuli sabanko depozitebis da cxrili 4.1: larebSi denominirebuli sabanko depozitebis da sv----s auqcionebzes auqcionebzes auqcionebzes auqcionebze
dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebis SedarebiTi cxrili dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebis SedarebiTi cxrili dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebis SedarebiTi cxrili dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebis SedarebiTi cxrili
erovnul valutaSi erovnul valutaSi erovnul valutaSi erovnul valutaSi denominirebuli denominirebuli denominirebuli denominirebuli
vadiani depozitebis vadiani depozitebis vadiani depozitebis vadiani depozitebis saprocento ganakveTi saprocento ganakveTi saprocento ganakveTi saprocento ganakveTi
(1)(1)(1)(1) svsvsvsv----s saproces saproces saproces saprocentonto ntonto
ganakveTi (1)ganakveTi (1)ganakveTi (1)ganakveTi (1)
ianianianian----02020202 10,56 25,19
TebTebTebTeb----02020202 11,02 48,91
marmarmarmar----02020202 10,02 47,26
aprapraprapr----02020202 12,02 36,65
maimaimaimai----02020202 10,59 55,42
ivnivnivnivn----02020202 10,58 32,58wyaro: sem-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT,
SeniSvna (1): wliuri saSualo Sewonili yvala vadianobisaTvis
wliuri saSualo Sewonili saprocento ganakveTi, romelic 2002 wlis pirvel
naxevarSi fiqsirdeboda, ufro maRali iyo vidre 2001 wels (saSualod 40,7 procenti
da 30,16-Sesabamisad),
biujetis SedgenasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi sirTuleebs uqmnis momdevno
emisiebis moculobisa da grafikis dadgenas. Tvis ganmavlobaSi sagadasaxado
Semosavlebis arariTmuloba ganapirobebs xazinis angariSze Tanxebis akumulirebas
mxolod Tvis bolo ricxvebSi. amis gamo biujetis Semosavlebisa da Sida wyaroebiT
biujetis Sevsebis winaswari prognozireba problematuri xdeba. situacias arTulebs
is faqti, rom qveyanaSi ar arsebobs biujetis Semosavlebis, xarjebisa da
dafinansebis realuri prognozirebis meqanizmi. am pirobebSi potenciur investorebs
ara aqvT saSualeba gamoimuSaon grZelvadiani sainvesticio strategia, rac Tavis
mxriv sv-s bazris ganviTarebas aferxebs. am problemis gadawyvetisaTvis
mizanSewonili iqneboda biujetis dagegmvisa da prognozirebis erTiani
meTodologiis SemuSaveba, Tumca sanam es meTodologia ar arsebobs, gamoyenebul
iqna sxva midgoma. wina wlebSi sv-s vadianoba 28 da 91 dRiT Semoifargleboda,
amjerad ki finansTa saministros ufleba aqvs gamouSvas Svidis jeradi vadianobis
fasiani qaRaldebi. 2002 wlis ivnisis bolosaTvis emitirebuli sv-s vadianoba
49 dRidan 140 dRemde meryeobs.
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi Catarda 30 sakredito auqcioni. 7 auqcionze
miwodeba moTxovnas aRemateboda, ramac gamoiwvia saprocento ganakveTebis zrda.
Sv-s auqcionebze dafiqsirebuli saprocento ganakveTebi damokidebulia bankebSi
arsebuli likvidurobis mdgomareobaze. rogorc wesi, Tvis bolo dReebSi da
momdevno Tvis dasawyisSi bankebSi Tavisufali likvidurobis naklebobaa, vinaidan
maTi klientebi biujetTan angariSsworebas awarmoeben. am dros sv-ze moTxovna
ufro dabalia, vidre Tvis Sua ricxvebSi. 2002 wlis dasawyisi xasiaTdeboda laris
nominaluri kursis dacemiT, ramac ganapiroba sv-is saprocento ganakveTebis zrda.
am orma faqtorma gamoiwvia dabali moTxovna sv-s ramodenime auqcionze 2002 wlis
pirvel naxevarSi. amave dros gaizarda investorebis moTxovna grZelvadian sv-ze,
rac investorTa ndobis zrdas asaxavs.
fuli da finansebi
28 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
sv-ze moTxovnis zrdis tendenciis miuxedavad, sxva fulad-sakredito
instrumentebis bazari isev ganuviTarebelia. repo aucionebi ar Catarebula
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, xolo lombarduli kreditebis 2 auqcioni Catarda
pirvel kvartalSi,
cxrili 4.2: lombarduli kreditebi, 2002 w.cxrili 4.2: lombarduli kreditebi, 2002 w.cxrili 4.2: lombarduli kreditebi, 2002 w.cxrili 4.2: lombarduli kreditebi, 2002 w.
TariRi TariRi TariRi TariRi garigebebis garigebebis garigebebis garigebebis
moculoba moculoba moculoba moculoba
(lari)(lari)(lari)(lari)
vadianoba vadianoba vadianoba vadianoba wliuri saprocento wliuri saprocento wliuri saprocento wliuri saprocento
ganakveTi (procenti)ganakveTi (procenti)ganakveTi (procenti)ganakveTi (procenti)
29.03.2002 650,058 7 57,40
05.04.2002 654,504 7 45,,35
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
fulis miwodeba saqarTvelos ekonomika isev xasiaTdeba fiskaluri da sabiujeto problemebiT,
warmoebis seqtoris neli tempiT ganviTarebiT da importze orientirebiT. rogorc
wina wlebSi, fulis emisiaze mkacri kontroli ekonomikis stabilurobis erTaderTi
garantiaa. 2002 wlis fulad-sakredito politika wliuri inflaciis 4-6 procentis
farglebSi SenarCunebaze aris orientirebuli. mTavrobis pirdapiri dakrediteba
TandaTan sv-s emisiidan miRebuli saxsrebiT unda Seicvalos. 2002 wlis biujetis
Sesaxeb kanoni mTavrobis wminda dafinansebas 30 milioni laris farglebSi
iTvaliswinebs. mimdinare wlis dasasruls seb-is wminda saerTaSoriso rezervebi
1,05 Tvis importis dasafinaseblad sakmaris Tanxas unda Seadgendes, M1-s sarezervo
fulis maCvenebeli mSp-s 12,5 procents unda Seadgendes, M3 ki – 19 procents.
fulis emisiaze mkacri kontroli aisaxa eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi (2001 wlis
dekemberTan SedarebiT) mimoqcevaSi fulis SemcirebiT da M2-s umniSvnelo zrdiT.
fuli mimoqcevaSi Semcirda 1,7 milioni lariT da erovnul valutaSi
denominirebuli depozitebis moculoba mxolod 4,6 milioni lariT gaizarda. amave
dros ucxour valutaSi denominirebuli depozitebi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.
depozitebi ucxour valutaSi 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 33 milioni lariT
gaizarda. ucxour valutaSi depozitebis zrdis Sedegad M3 34,3 milioni lariT
gaizarda 2002 wlis imave periodSi, M2 ki - mxolod 0,9 milioni lariT,
ucxour valutaSi denominirebuli depozitebis mkveTrma zrdam ganapiroba
dolarizaciis maRali done. fulis emisiaze mkacri kontrolisa da depozitebis
dolarizaciis maRali donis mniSvnelovani winapirobebis arsebobis Sedegad
M2 fulis multiplikatori 1-ze naklebia. 2002 wlis meore kvartlis ganmavlobaSi,
iseve rogorc wina periodebSi, es maCvenebeli 0,93-0,94 farglebSi meryeobda. am
fonze M3 fulis multiplikatoris zrda Zalze STambeWdavia: 2002 wlis ivnisis
mdgomareobiT erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi 1,66-dan 1,71-mde gaizarda,
saqarTveloSi dolarizaciis maRali donis sxvadasxva mizezi arsebobs.
pirveli mizezi aris is rom, larisadmi ndoba kvlavac dabalia da politikuri
arastabilurobisa da devalvaciis mudmivi molodinis gamo am problemas
permanentuli xasiaTi mieca. amis gamo mosaxleoba dagrovebis saSualebad myar
fuli da finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2 29
valutas iyenebs. Sida safinanso bazris ganuviTarebloba depozitebis
dolarizaciis maRali donis meore mizezia. imis gamo, rom erovnul valutaSi
investirebis saSualeba Zalze SezRudulia, ucxour valutaSi denominirebuli
aqtivebis larebSi konversiis motivacia ar arsebobs. mesame mizezs warmoadgens
araformaluri seqtoris dominireba (ssd-s monacemebiT-60 procentamde) mTlian
ekonomikaSi, sadac dolari gamoiyeneba dagrovebis da gadaxdis saSualebad.
depozitebis mflobelebi arian rogorc iuridiuli, aseve fizikuri pirebi.
araformaluri seqtoris didi xvedriTi wilis gamo fizikuri pirebis Semosavali
dolarebSia denominirebuli. arsebuli liberaluri savaluto reJimis pirobebSi
kompaniebs ar evalebaT mihyidon saxelmwifos savaluto Semosavlis nawili, amitom
Semosavlis is nawili, romelic sabanko arxebSi xvdeba, Tavsdeba savaluto
depozitebze. laris Sida safinanso bazarze ganTavsebis saSualebebi da arCevani
Zalze mcirea. dResdReobiT, mxolod sv-bi warmoadgens sabanko depozitebis realur
alternativas. depozitebis mflobelebis sxva nawils warmoadgenen fizikuri pirebi.
samwuxarod, mosaxleobis umetesobis Semosavali imdenad mwiria, rom maT ar gaaCniaT
aranairi dagrovebis saSualeba. es gansakuTrebiT exeba mosaxleobis im nawils,
romelic Sromis anazRaurebas larebSi iRebs,
depozitebis maRali dolarizacia Sida safinanso bazarze arsebul
mdgomareobas asaxavs. am maCveneblis maRali done iribad adasturebs im faqts, rom
Tavisufali savaluto kursis pirobebSi qveyanaSi (ZiriTad araformaluri
seqtoridan) ucxouri valuta im raodenobiT Semoedineba, rac sakmarisia laris
stabiluri kursis SenarCunebisaTvis. depozitebis maRali dolarizacia seriozul
saSiSroebas warmoadgens komerciuli bankebisaTvis laris devalvaciis SemTxvevaSi,
vinaidan depozitebi bankebis valdebulebebs warmoadgenen; da bolos, depozitebis
dolarizaciis maRali done adasturebs im faqts, rom ekonomikis im seqtorebisaTvis,
sadac Semosavali ZiriTadad erovnul valutaSi miiReba, problematuria sabanko
sesxebis miReba, vinaidan bankebi, romelTa valdebulebebis umetesi wili
dolarebSia, Tavs arideben larebSi sesxebis gacemas. Tumca, administraciuli
zomebis SemoReba magaliTad, savaluto reJimis Secvla da aucilebeli miyidvis
daweseba gamoiwvevs ara dolarizaciis donis dawevas, aramed ucxouri valutis
gadinebas qveynidan. depozitebis dolarizaciis mkveTrad Semcireba SesaZlebelia
mxolod zemoaRniSnuli problemebis gadaWris gziT.
nax 4.2: fulis miwodeba, 2000 w. dekemberi nax 4.2: fulis miwodeba, 2000 w. dekemberi nax 4.2: fulis miwodeba, 2000 w. dekemberi nax 4.2: fulis miwodeba, 2000 w. dekemberi –––– 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
dek
00
ian
01
Teb mar apr mai ivn ivl agv seq oqt noe dek ian
02
Teb mar apr mai ivn
depozitebi ucxour valutaSi
depozitebi erovnul valutaSi
bankebs gareT arsebuli naRdifuli
M3
M2
M0
wyaro: sem-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT,
fuli da finansebi
30 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
cxrili 4.3: monetaruli koeficientebicxrili 4.3: monetaruli koeficientebicxrili 4.3: monetaruli koeficientebicxrili 4.3: monetaruli koeficientebi
2002200220022002
ianianianian TebTebTebTeb marmarmarmar aprapraprapr maimaimaimai ivnivnivnivn
dolarizaciis koeficienti % 85.6 86.0 85.5 84.9 83.7 85.9
fulis multiplikatori (M2) 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.93
fulis multiplikatori (M3) 1.70 1.71 0.94 1.74 1.74 1.71 wyaro: sem-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT,
Sida inflacia cxrili 4.4: samomxmareblo cxrili 4.4: samomxmareblo cxrili 4.4: samomxmareblo cxrili 4.4: samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi da inflaciafasebis indeqsi da inflaciafasebis indeqsi da inflaciafasebis indeqsi da inflacia
(2000 wlis dekemberi=100)
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti ssf-s siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis programis mixedviT qveyanaSi
inflaciis dabali donis SenarCuneba 2002 wlis fulad-sakredito politikis
ZiriTad miznad aris miCneuli. wliuri gegmuri infalcia 4-6 procentis farglebSi
iyo dagegmili, rac saSualo Tviur 0,42 procents niSnavs. ssd-s monacemebis
mixedviT 2002 wlis eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi saSualo inflaciis done 0,49 procentis
toli iyo. 2001 wlis bolosa da 2002 wlis dasawyisSi laris devalvaciam gamoiwvia
inflaciis SedarebiT swrafi zrda. maisis nulovani inflacia da ivnisis deflacia
samomxmareblo fasebis sezonuri daweviT iyo ganpirobebuli.
ssd-sma ganaxorciela warmoebis fasebis indeqsis (wfi) gaTvlis
meTodologiis gaumjobesebisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebi. wfi-s kalaTa ZiriTadad
fasebis indeqsi inflacia wina
TvesTan
SedarebiT
2001200120012001 ianianianian 100.70 0.70
TebTebTebTeb 101.30 0.60
marmarmarmar 101.30 0.00
aprapraprapr 102.32 1.00
maimaimaimai 101.29 -1.00
ivnivnivnivn 100.89 -0.40
ivlivlivlivl 100.18 -0.70
agvagvagvagv 100.48 0.30
seqseqseqseq 99.88 -0.60
oqtoqtoqtoqt 100.58 0.70
noenoenoenoe 101.99 1.40
dekdekdekdek 103.42 1.40
2002200220022002 ianianianian 135.44 2.0
TebTebTebTeb 137,02 1.2
marmarmarmar 137,53 0.4
aprapraprapr 140,00 1.8
maimaimaimai 140.00 0.0
ivnivnivnivn 136.70 -2.3
fuli da finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2 31
importirebuli saqonelisagan, energomatareblebisagan, manqana-danadgarebisagan,
qimiuri nawarmisagan da a.S. Sesdgeba. wfi-s analizi saSulebas iZleva iseTi
saqonlis Seswavlisa, romlis fasi damokidebulia saerTaSoriso fasebze, savaluto
kursze da mimoqcevaSi arsebul ucxour valutaze. cxrili 4,2 gviCvenebs wfi-s
stabilur zrdas 2002 wlis pirveli xuTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi. SesaZlebelia
vivaraudoT, rom qveynis importze orientirebis pirobebSi, aSS dolaris mimoqcevaSi
zrdas SeuZlia pirdapiri gavlena iqonios fasebis doneze. vinaidan, aSS dolari
farTod gamoiyeneba angariSsworebaSi, misi nominaluri kursis dacemas evros
mimarT, aseve SeuZlia gamoiwvios fasebis zrda evropul saqonelze. wfi-s
stabiluri zrda savaraudod ganpirobebulia Semdegi faqtorebiT: aSS dolarSi da
evroSi denominirebuli depozitebis, romlebic M3-s nawils warmoadgenen da aseve
M3-s fulis multiplikatoris swrafi zrdiT, magram, ufro zusti daskvnebisTvis
saWiroa SedarebiT xangrZlivi periodis wfi-s monacemebis analizi.
cxrili 4.5: warmoebis fasebis indeqsi, 2002 wlis pirveli nax.cxrili 4.5: warmoebis fasebis indeqsi, 2002 wlis pirveli nax.cxrili 4.5: warmoebis fasebis indeqsi, 2002 wlis pirveli nax.cxrili 4.5: warmoebis fasebis indeqsi, 2002 wlis pirveli nax.
ianvariianvariianvariianvari TebervaliTebervaliTebervaliTebervali martimartimartimarti apriliapriliapriliaprili maisimaisimaisimaisi ivnisiivnisiivnisiivnisi
mfi----s zrda (%)s zrda (%)s zrda (%)s zrda (%) 0,5 0,9 1,2 2,8 2,9 2,6
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
sabanko seqtori
nax. 4.nax. 4.nax. 4.nax. 4.3: saprocento ganakveTebi, 1998 w. ianvari 3: saprocento ganakveTebi, 1998 w. ianvari 3: saprocento ganakveTebi, 1998 w. ianvari 3: saprocento ganakveTebi, 1998 w. ianvari ---- 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
ian-98
apr
ivl
oqt
ian-99
apr
ivl
oqt
ian-00
apr
ivl
oqt
ian-01
apr
ivl
oqt
ian-02
apr
vadiani depozitebi erovnulvalutaSisesxebi erovnul valutaSi
sesxebi ucxour valutaSi
vadiani depositebi ucxourvalutaSi
wyaro: sem-s gamoTvlebi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebze dayrdnobiT,
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi SeiniSneboda larSi denominirebuli depozitebis
saprocento ganakveTebis zrda. Tu 2001 wlis dekemberSi bankebi salare depozitebs
saSualod wliur 6,9 procents aricxavden, 2002 wlis ivnisSi es daricxva
10,6 procents Seadgenda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom bankebma Secvales saprocento
politika da gamoiCines meti daintereseba larSi denominirebul depozitebTan
mimarTebaSi. wina wlebSi bankebi gacilebiT ufro did saprocento ganakveTs
fuli da finansebi
32 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
awesebdnen myar valutaSi ganTavsebul depozitebze, raTa gaeumjobesebinaT ucxour
valutaSi asaxuli likvidurobis mdgomareoba balansebis dolarizebis gziT.
2002 wlis pirveli naxevris tendencia gviCvenebs, rom bankebma gazardes saprocento
ganakveTebi mokle, saSualo da grZelvadian (erT welze meti) salare depozitebze.
es niSnavs, rom bankebma gaiTvaliswines savaluto riski da erovnul valutaSi
grZelvadiani aqtivebis formireba daiwyes. es dadebiTi tendenciaa, vinaidan wlebis
ganmavlobaSi bankebis dolarizebuli balansebi savaluto riskisagan Zalze
daucveli iyo, magram meore mxriv, laris emisiis mkacri kontroli, depozitebis
dolarizaciis Zlieri winapirobebi ganapirobeben M2 fulis multiplikatoris
dabal dones. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, sakmaod Znelia iTqvas, Seicvleba Tu ara
bankebis depozitebis savaluto struqtura larebSi denominirebul depozitebis
wilis mkveTri zrdisaken,
savaraudoa, rom bankebis saprocento politikis Secvla ganpirobebulia Sida
safinanso bazris instrumentebSi investiciebis zrdiT. sv-is auqcionebze
dafiqsirebulma xelsayrelma saprocento ganakveTebma sabanko da arasabanko
investorebis mxridan larze moTxovnis zrda gamoiwvia.
miuxedavad imisa, rom ucxour valutaSi gacemuli sesxebis saprocento
ganakveTebi bolo periodSi mkveTrad ar icvleboda, naxati 4.3-i gviCvenebs
1998 wlidan saprocento ganakveTebis Semcirebis mdgrad tendencias. igive tendencia
SeiniSneba erovnul valutaSi gacemul sesxebze. salare depozitebis saprocento
ganakveTis zrdis Sedegad Semcirda wminda saprocento marJa erovnul valutaSi
denominirebuli sesxebsa da depozitebs Soris; 2001 ivnisSi igi 12 procents
Seadgenda, xolo erTi wlis Semdeg 8,6 procentamde Semcirda. cxadia es dadebiTi
tendenciaa, Tumca wminda saprocento marJis es done evrokavSiris wevrobis rigi
kandidati qveynebisaTvis1 saSualo maCvenebels warmoadgenda jer kidev
1995-1999 wlebSi. wminda saprocento marJa dolarebSi denominirebuli depozitebisa
da sesxebs Soris gacilebiT didia. mimdinare wlis ivnisSi igi 11,4 procents
Seadgenda. maRali wminda saprocento marJa asaxavs rig problemebs, romlebic
safinanso bazarze arsebobs: ganuviTarebeli Sida safinanso bazari, SezRuduli
sainvesticio saSualebebi da bankebis Semosavlis miRebis wyaroebi. arsebul
pirobebSi sesxebis gacema bankebis Semosavlebis umniSvnelovanes wyarod rCeba.
komerciuli bankebi isev maRali riskis premias iTvaliswineben sesxebis gacemis
dros, rac miuTiTebs giraoTi uzrunvelyofis kvlav arsebul problemebze da mis
ganuviTarebel samarTlebriv aspeqtebze. SedarebiT maRali sarezervo moTxovnebis
done (14 procenti saerTo moziduli anabrebidan) miuTiTebs depozitebis dazRvevis
sistemis ararsebobaze. rogorc wina wlebSi, sarezervo moTxovnebi kvlav
depozitebis dacvis erTaderT arsebul meqanizmad rCeba da amcirebs bankebis
sabrunav saxsrebs; da bolos, sesxebze maRali saprocento ganakveTi miuTiTebs
bankebSi riskebis marTvis problemaze.
1 estoneTi, latvia, litva, rumineTi, slovakia.
fuli da finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2 33
evro saqarTvelos Sida savaluto bazarze
nax. 4.4: lari/aSS dolaris da lari/evros gadacvlis saSualo Tviuri nax. 4.4: lari/aSS dolaris da lari/evros gadacvlis saSualo Tviuri nax. 4.4: lari/aSS dolaris da lari/evros gadacvlis saSualo Tviuri nax. 4.4: lari/aSS dolaris da lari/evros gadacvlis saSualo Tviuri
nominaluri kursi, 2000 w. dekemberi nominaluri kursi, 2000 w. dekemberi nominaluri kursi, 2000 w. dekemberi nominaluri kursi, 2000 w. dekemberi –––– 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi 2002 w. ivnisi
1.75
1.8
1.85
1.9
1.95
2
2.05
2.1
2.15
2.2
2.25
2.3
dek-00
ian-01
Teb ma
rapr
mai
ivn
ivl ag
vseq
oqt
noe
dek-01
ian-02
Teb ma
rapr
mai
ivn
lari/aSS dolari
lari/evro
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
2002 wlis meore kvartalSi laris saSualo Tviuri nominaluri kursi
dolaris mimarT TandaTan ecemoda, magram es gaufasureba SedarebiT umniSvnelo
iyo 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalTan SedarebiT. lari ufro mniSvnelovnad
gaufasurda evros mimarT, gansakuTrebiT maisSi da ivnisSi, rac gamowveuli iyo
evropuli valutis seriozuli gamyarebiT dolarTan mimarTebaSi.
2001 wlis ganmavlobaSi da 2002 wlis pirvel kvartalSi SeiniSneboda aSS-Si
uxcouri investiciebis mkveTri dacema da kapitalis gadineba evropaSi. am fonze
moxda aSS dolaris nominaluri kursis sagrZnoblad dacema evropis erTiani
fuladi erTeulis mimarT. es tendencia gamwvavda e,w, “sabuRaltro” skandalebis
Semdeg, romlebic aSS-s sxvadasxva msxvil kompaniebSi moxda; Tumca, miuxedavad am
negatiuri movlenebisa, savaraudoa, rom dolaris mkveTri gaufasureba ar moxdeba.
ufro realuria vivaraudoT, rom dolaris gaufasureba Semdeg wels 7 procents ar
aRemateba. es prognozi dafuZnebulia im faqtze, rom germaniis ekonomika, romelic
liderobs evrosivrceSi, imyofeba ufro stagnaciis, vidre zrdis stadiaSi. amis
Sedegad Sida moxmareba mkveTrad Semcirda da germaniis ekonomikis stabiluroba
eqsports efuZneba. evros swraf gamyarebas SeuZlia mniSvnelovnad Seamciros
evropuli eqsporti. am process savaraudoa evropidan aSS-Si investiciebis gadineba
mohyves. dolaris garkveulwilad gaufasureba, ueWvelia, aSS-s saqonlis
konkurentunarianobas aamaRlebs saerTaSoriso bazarze. sabolood verc evropa da
verc aSS mogebuli ver darCebian aSS dolaris swrafi gaufasurebis SemTxvevaSi.
fuli da finansebi
34 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
CanarTi 4.1CanarTi 4.1CanarTi 4.1CanarTi 4.1
evro 1995 wlis dekemberSi madridSi evrosabWom daamtkica erTiani valutis saxeli “evroevroevroevro”.
1998 wlis 1 ivniss mainis frankfurtSi (germania) daarsda evropis cenraluri bankievropis cenraluri bankievropis cenraluri bankievropis cenraluri banki, romlis
mizania fasebis stabilurobis SenarCuneba da erTiani fulad-sakredito politikis gatareba
e.w. evrosivrceSievrosivrceSievrosivrceSievrosivrceSi Semaval qveynebSi. evrosivrce moicavs evrokavSiris yvela qveyanas daniis,
SvedeTisa da didi britaneTis garda. es sami qveyna specialur statuss flobs, romlis
Sesabamisad maT SeuZliaT TviTon ganaxorcielon fulad-sakredito politika. evrosivrcis
centraluri banki evro sivrceSi Semaval qveynebis centralur bankebTan erTad Seadgenen
evrosistemasevrosistemasevrosistemasevrosistemas.
1999 wlis 1 ianvars daiwyo evros SemoRebis meore etapi, rodesac evrosivrcis
erovnuli valutebis kursebi Seucvlelad dafiqsirda evros mimarT. am qveynebma daiwyes
erTiani fulad-sakredito politikis ganxorcieleba da evro gamocxadda am qveynebis
oficialur fulad erTeulad. 11 qveynis erovnuli valutebi gaxda evros e,w, “qvedanayofebi”.
2001 wlis 1 ianvridan evrosivrces SeuerTda saberZneTi da 2002 wlis 1 ianvridan evro ukve 12
qveyanaSi Sevida mimoqcevaSi; magram evros SemoReba niSnavs ufro mets, vidre erTi valutis
meore valutiT Canacvlebaa. es procesi globalur xasiaTs atarebs.
50 miliardis odenobiT gamoSvebul axali monetebis aversi yvela qveynisTvis saerToa,
xolo reversze TiToeuli qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli naxati aris gamosaxuli. evros
banknotebi yvela qveynisaTvis erTnairia.
wyaro: www.euro.ecb.int
sainteresoa ganvixiloT, rogori iqneba saqarTvelos Sida savaluto bazris
reagireba evropis erTiani valutis gamyarebaze, mianiWebs Tu ara saqarTvelos
mosaxleoba upiratesobas evropul valutas uaxloes momavalSi? amisaTvis saWiroa
ramdenime faqtoris gaTvaliswineba; pirveli - fsiqologiuri faqtoria. im qveynebis
mosaxleoba, sadac dagrovebis ZiriTad valutas aSS dolari warmoadgens, ar aris
mzad swrafad Seicvalos damokidebuleba am valutis mimarT. rogorc saqarTvelo,
aseve saqarTvelos yvela umsxvilesi savaWro partniori qveyana - TurqeTi, ruseTi da
azerbaijani - gamonakliss ar warmoadgenen. meore mizezi aris is, rom zemoT
dasaxelebul qveynebSi dolari saxelmwifo oficialuri rezervebisa da
mosaxleobisaTvis dagrovebis saSualebas warmoadgens. ruseTSi da azerbaijanSi e,w,
“navTobdolarebi” Semoedineba da am nedleulis eqsporti orive qveynisTvis
eqsportis ZiriTad muxls da biujetis Semosavlebis mTavar wyaros warmoadgens.
TurqeTSi momxdari finansuri krizisis Semdeg lira mibmulia dolarTan, rac am
qveyanaSi uaxloes momavalSi dolaris upiratesobaze miuTiTebs. garda amisa,
TurqeTSi dolaris imiji tradiciulad myari iyo. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare,
Cans, rom saqarTvelosTan angariSsworebis dros es qveynebi upiratesobas dolars
mianiWeben, es ki Tavis mxriv niSnavs, rom saqarTveloSi aSS dolari Semodis
sagadamxdelo balansis mimdinare angariSis operaciebis Sedegad. rac Seexeba
kapitalis angariSs, savaluto nakadebi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis sesxebisa da
sakredito xazebis meSveobiT miiReba, romlebic ufro xSirad dolarebSia
denominirebuli. mesame mizezi aris is, rom saqarTvelos sagareo valis mxolod 10
procentia evroTi gadasaxdeli; es ki niSnavs, rom qveynis saerTaSoriso rezervebis
ZiriTadi Tanxa dolarebSi unda iyos denominirebuli. zemoT moyvanil faqtorebze
fuli da finansebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2 35
dayrdnobiT savaraudoa, rom miuxedavad evros gamyarebis tendenciisa, saqarTveloSi
dolari ar dakargavs dominantis statuss uaxloes momavalSi,
CanarTi 4.2CanarTi 4.2CanarTi 4.2CanarTi 4.2
evrosivrcis uaxloesi periodis fulad-sakredito, finansuri da ekonomikuri movlenebis mimoxilva
2002 wlis mdgomareobiT evrosivrceSi bolo ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi fulis
miwodebis mkveTri Semcireba ar dafiqsirebula. eqspertebis azriT, grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi
Warbi likviduroba, romelic aRemateba stabilur da arainflaciur zrdis saWiroebas, ar
warmoiSveba. am viTarebaSi, Warbi likvidurobis inflaciur zewolisa da moTxovnis
Semcirebis winapirobebis Seqmnis naklebi riski arsebobs. amaze agreTve miuTiTebs kerZo
seqtorze gacemuli sesxebis zrdis tendencia. evropis centraluri bankis (ecb) mimdinare
saprocento ganakveTebi aseve misaRebia arsebuli koniuqturisTvis.
bolo periodis monacemebi gviCveneben evrosivrceSi mSp-s dabal zrdas mimdinare wlis
pirvel kvartalSi. pirveli kvartlis 0,4 procentiani zrdis maCveneblis koreqtirebis
Sedegad, meore kvartalSi mosalodnelia mSp-s 0,3 procentiani zrda. pirveli kvartlisagan
gansxvavebiT, moTxovnaze gavlenas iqoniebs ufro meti faqtori, vinaidan samewarmeo
saqmianobas xels uwyobda rogorc kerZo moxmareba, aseve eqsportisa da maragebis zrda;
Tumca xangrZlivi investiciebis simciris Sedegad saerTo Sida moTxovnis zrda isev
SezRuduli darCeba,
yvelaze realuri scenaris mixedviT mSp-s zrda isev umniSvnelovno iqneba 2002 wlis
meore naxevarSi da 2003 wels. es prognozebi Seesabameba msoflio ekonomikis gamococxlebis
sakmaod Senelebul temps. aqciebis fasebis dacemam uaryofiTad imoqmeda momxmarebelTa da
investorTa ndobaze. amis Sedegad, ekonomikuri saqmianobis zrdis prognozireba ufro rTuli
gaxda, rogorc evrosivrceSi, aseve mis farglebs gareT, Tumca, evrosivrceSi garkveuli
ekonomikuri zrdis winapirobebi kvlav arsebobs. Sida bazarze, dabali inflaciisa da
realuri Semosavlis zrdis pirobebSi, SesaZlebelia gaizardos kerZo moxmareba, xolo
dabali nominaluri da realuri sabazro saprocento ganakveTebi xels Seuwyobs investiciebis
zrdas.
2002 wlis ivlisSi saerTo samomxmareblo fasebis inflaciam 1,9 procenti Seadgina,
Tumca gadaumuSavebeli sakvebi produqtebis da energomatareblebis fasebis gamoklebiT
inflacia 2,5 procentamde Semcirda. evrostatis winaswari gaangariSebis Sesabamisad,
agvistoSi inflacia 2,1 procentamde gaizarda, rac Seesabameba mimdinare wlis prognozebs
inflaciis 2 procentis farglebSi meryeobis Taobaze; magram moklevadian perspeqtivaSi
fasebis saerTo done saerTaSoriso bazarze navTobis fasze iqneba damokidebuli.
bolo dros evros nominaluri kursis gamyarebis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia
samomxmareblo fasebis donis daweva. 2003 wels savaraudoa momsaxurebis fasebis ufro
zomieri zrda; Tumca, imisaTvis rom 2003 wels fasebis inflacia 2 procentze naklebi iyos,
saWiroa navTobis fasebis da xelfasebis zomieri zrda.
centralur evropaSi momxdari wyaldidobis Sedegad aucilebeli gaxda prioritetebis
gadaxedva biujetis xarjviT nawilSi. saWiroa, rom evrokavSiris wevrma qveynebma imoqmedon
“stabilurobis da zrdis paqtis” farglebSi. myari fiskaluri mdgomareobis mqone qveynebma
unda SeinarCunon es tendencia, xolo danarCenma qveynebma ar unda dauSvan biujetis
deficitis mSp-sTan SefardebiT 3 procentze metiT dacema da unda gaataron politika,
romelic biujetis dabalnsebisa da proficitisaken iqneba mimarTuli.
fuli da finansebi
36 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
struqturuli reformebis WrilSi, evropis centraluri banki mouwodebs mTavrobebs
gaagrZelon im struqturuli reformebis gatareba, romlebic mimarTuli iqneba evropuli
valutis potencialis arainflaciuri zrdisaken da umuSevrobis Semcirebisaken. garda amisa,
moklevadian da saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi struqturuli reformebi gamiznuli iqneba
xarjebisa da investiciebis zrdaze. es grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi xels Seewyobs
momxmarebelTa da investorTa ndobis amaRlebas.
wyaro: ecb-s prezidentis v,f,disenbergis da ecb-s vice-prezidentis l, paradermosis mier 2002 w,
12 seqtembers gamarTul preskonferenciaze masalebze dayrdnobiT,
Tavi mexuTe. saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri
urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 37
saqarTvelos mTavroba kvlavac agrZelebs vmo-sTan aRebuli valdebulebebis
Sesabamisad liberaluri savaWro politikis ganxorcielebas. gaacnobiera ra
sagadamxdelo balansisTvis uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis SesaZlebloba, parlamentma ar
gaagrZela xis morebis eqsportze droebiTi akrZalva, romelsac vada gauvida
2001 wlis bolos. agreTve 2002 wlis ivlisSi gauqmebuli iqna droebiTi akrZalva
feradi liTonebis eqsportze.
wina wlis analogiur periodTan SedarebiT 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris
vaWrobis monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos savaWro balansis gauaresebis
tendencia kvlavac grZeldeba. registrirebuli eqsportis raodenoba Semcirda.
2002 wlis pirveli naxevari xasiaTdeboda eqsportis mkveTri SemcirebiT ruseTsa da
TurqeTSi da eqsportis garkveuli zrdiT azerbaijansa da somxeTSi.
savaWro brunva, savaWro balansi da vaWrobis mimarTulebebi
qvemoT moyvanili cifrebi gviCvenebs, rom 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris
ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos savaWro balansis gauaresebis tendencia kvlavac
grZeldeba. registrirebulma sagareo vaWrobam Seadgina 497 milioni aSS dolari,
saidanc registrirebuli eqsporti Seadgenda 147,5 milions, xolo importi
349,5 milion aSS dolars. savaWro deficiti 202 milioni aSS dolari aris
6 milioniT meti, vidre es iyo 2001 wlis analogiur periodSi.
qveynis eqsporti Semcirda 14 milioni aSS dolariT, rac garkveulwilad
gamowveuli iyo saqarTvelos parlamentis 2001 wlis 21 dekembers gadawyvetilebiT,
romlis Sesabamisadac aikrZala feradi liTonebis jarTisa da narCenebis eqsporti
2003 wlis 31 dekembramde. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom parlamentma a.w. ivlisSi gaauqma
aRniSnuli droebiTi akrZalva. qveynis importis eqsportiT gadafarvis koeficienti
Semcirda da 2002 wlis pirvel naxevrisaTvis Seadgina 42 procenti, maSin rodesac
2001 welis analogiur periodisaTvis aRniSnuli koeficienti daaxloebiT
46 procents Seadgenda.
nax. 5.1: registrirebuli eqsporti, importi da savaWro balansi,1997 w. I kv.nax. 5.1: registrirebuli eqsporti, importi da savaWro balansi,1997 w. I kv.nax. 5.1: registrirebuli eqsporti, importi da savaWro balansi,1997 w. I kv.nax. 5.1: registrirebuli eqsporti, importi da savaWro balansi,1997 w. I kv.––––2002 II kv. 2002 II kv. 2002 II kv. 2002 II kv.
(aTasi aSS dolari)
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
1997,I kv.
I I Ikv.
1998,Ikv.
I I Ikv.
1999,I kv.
I I Ikv.
2000,Ikv.
I I Ikv.
2001,I kv.
I I Ikv.
2002,I I kv.
savaWro balansi eqsporti importi
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 38
aTi ZiriTadi savaWro partnioris wilma registrirebul vaWrobaSi Seadgina
75,7 procenti. rogorc naCvenebia 5.1 cxrilSi, saangariSo periodSi saqarTvelos
ZiriTadi partniorebi iyvnen ruseTi, TurqeTi, azerbaijani da didi britaneTi. maTze
modis saqarTvelos mTeli registrirebuli savaWro brunvis daaxloebiT
50 procenti.
cxricxricxricxrili 5.1: registrirebuli saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobisli 5.1: registrirebuli saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobisli 5.1: registrirebuli saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobisli 5.1: registrirebuli saerTaSoriso vaWrobis tvirTbrunva da vaWrobis
mimarTulebebi, 2002 w. I nax. mimarTulebebi, 2002 w. I nax. mimarTulebebi, 2002 w. I nax. mimarTulebebi, 2002 w. I nax.
saerTaSoriso vaWrobissaerTaSoriso vaWrobissaerTaSoriso vaWrobissaerTaSoriso vaWrobis importi (importi (importi (importi (CIF)))) eqxporti (eqxporti (eqxporti (eqxporti (FOB)))) savaWro brunvasavaWro brunvasavaWro brunvasavaWro brunva
tvirTbrunvatvirTbrunvatvirTbrunvatvirTbrunva UaSS UaSS UaSS UaSS
dolariDdolariDdolariDdolariD
procentiprocentiprocentiprocenti UaSS UaSS UaSS UaSS
dolariDdolariDdolariDdolariD
procentiprocentiprocentiprocenti aSS aSS aSS aSS
dolaridolaridolaridolari
procentiprocentiprocentiprocenti
sul 333349 52649 52649 52649 526 100100100100 147 504147 504147 504147 504 100100100100 497 030497 030497 030497 030 100100100100 ZiriTadi partniori
qveynebi (sul) 260 784 74,6 115 282 78,2 376 066 75,7 ruseTi 66 349 19 24 081 16,3 90 430 18,2 TurqeTi 44 997 12,9 25 355 17,2 70 352 14,2 azerbaijani 32 402 9,3 15 335 10,4 47 737 9,6 gaerTianebuli samefo 19 488 5,6 15 873 10,8 35 361 7,1 germania 27 730 7,9 2 474 1,7 30 204 6,1 ukraina 22 981 6,6 4 415 3 27 396 5,5 italia 17 517 5 3 598 2,4 21 115 4,2 TurqmeneTi 7 938 2,3 11 446 7,8 19 384 3,9 aSS 16 224 4,6 2 669 1,8 18 893 3,8 somxeTi 5 158 1,5 10 036 6,8 15 194 3,1 sxva 88 74288 74288 74288 742 25,425,425,425,4 32 22232 22232 22232 222 21,821,821,821,8 120 964120 964120 964120 964 24,324,324,324,3
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
saangariSo periodis ganmavlobaSi dsT-dan da evrokavSiridan Semotanili
saqoneli Seadgenda saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis 66 procents. TurqeTis
wilma 13 procenti Seadgina. SedarebiT umniSvnelo iyo aSS-s wili. nax. 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importi regionebis/qveynebis mixedviT,nax. 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importi regionebis/qveynebis mixedviT,nax. 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importi regionebis/qveynebis mixedviT,nax. 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importi regionebis/qveynebis mixedviT,
2002 w. I nax. 2002 w. I nax. 2002 w. I nax. 2002 w. I nax.
TurqeTi
13%
sxva
16%aSS
5%
evrokavSiri
26%
dsT
40%
dsT (ruseTisCaTvliT)evrokavSiri
TurqeTi
aSS
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 39
2002 wlis pirveli naxevari gamoirCeoda qarTuli eqsportis sagrZnobi
SemcirebiT iseT mniSvnelovan bazrebze, rogoricaa ruseTis federacia da TurqeTi,
amasTan erTad, dafiqsirda eqsportis zrda azerbaijansa da somxeTSi. ruseTSi
eqsportis Semcireba nawilobriv SeiZleba aixsnas am qveyanaSi mcire eqsportiorebis
sawinaaRmdegod gamoyenebuli mzardi barierebiT da nawilobriv samxedro
TviTmfrinavebisa (sasaqonlo kodi 8802) da feroSenadnobebis (sasaqonlo kodi 7202)
eqsportis SemcirebiT. 2001 wlis pirveli naxevris mdgomareobiT samxedro
TviTmfrinavebis eqsportma Seadgina 7 milioni aSS dolari, xolo feroSenadnobebis
eqsportma 3,4 milioni aSS dolari. rac Seexeba eqsportis Semcirebas TurqeTSi,
aRniSnuli ganpirobebuli iyo eleqtroenergiis (2001 w. pirveli naxevrisTvis
eqsportirebuli iyo 4 milioni aSS dolaris eleqtroenergia), feroSenadnobebis
(2001 w. pirveli naxevrisTvis eqsportirebuli iyo 3,6 milioni aSS dolaris
feroSenadnobebi) da aluminis eqsportis SewyvetiT (2001 w. pirveli naxevrisTvis
eqsportirebuli iyo 3,5 milioni aSS dolaris aluminis jarTi). saangariSo periodSi
azerbaijanSi eqportis zrda gamowveuli iyo samxedro TviTmfrinavebisa da maTi
nawilebis eqsportiT, romelmac Seadgina 9,7 milioni aSS dolari. rac Seexeba
mezobel somxeTs, am qveyanaSi eqportis zrda ganapiroba ruseTis samxedro bazebis
mier am qveyanaSi gatanilma samxedro Wurvebma.
nax. 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsporti daniSnulebis mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.nax. 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsporti daniSnulebis mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.nax. 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsporti daniSnulebis mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.nax. 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsporti daniSnulebis mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.
sxva
15%
aSS
2%
TurqeTi
17% evrokavSiri
20%
dsT
46% dsT (ruseTis CaTvliT)
evrokavSiri
TurqeTi
aSS
sxva
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
CanarTi 5.1CanarTi 5.1CanarTi 5.1CanarTi 5.1
evrogaerTianebis vaWroba 2001 wels
2001 wels saqonlis eqsportis moculoba, 2000 wlis 23 procentTan SedarebiT,
4 procentiT gaizada, xolo importis moculoba 1 procentiT Semcirda. 2001 wels, saqonlis
eqsportma 1 051 miliardi evro Seadgina, xolo importma – 1 020 miliardi evro, ramac
evrogaerTianebis savaWro deficiti 2000 wlis 91 milardi evrodan 2001 wels 46 miliard
evromde Seamcira. evrogaerTianebis 15 qveynis vaWroba mTavar savaWro partiniorebTan Sereuli
xasiaTis iyo. aRiniSneboda importis vardna iaponiidan (-13 procenti), amerikidan (-3 procenti)
da norvegiidan (-33 procenti). saSualod, evrogaerTianebis importis moculobis wliuri zrda,
1996-2001 wlebis periodSi, 12 procents Seadgenda, maSin roca evrogaerTianebis eqsportis
moculobis wliurma zrdam amave periodSi, sul 9 procenti Seadgina. 2001 wels
evrogaerTianebis yvelaze didi savaWro deficiti dafiqsirda CineTTan (-45,7 milardi evro),
xolo yvelaze maRali dadebiTi savaWro balansi iyo amerikasTan: 2001 wels igi gaizarda
+43,6 miliard evromde, 2000 wels dafiqsirebuli +33,5 milardi evrodan. evrogaerTianebis
15 qveynis vaWroba iaponiasTan evrogaerTianebis savaWro deficitSi klebas asaxavda (2001 wels
–30,8 miliardi evro, 2000 wels –42,1 miliard evrosTan SedarebiT). evrogaerTianebis yvelaze
msxvili mimwodeblebi arian aSS, CineTi, iaponia, Sveicaria da ruseTi. evrogaerTianebisTvis
yvelaze didi saeqsporto bazrebia aSS, Sveicaria, iaponia, poloneTi da CineTi.
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 40
2001 wels yvelaze mniSvnelovani mateba aRiniSneboda saqonlis imprtSi CexeTis
respublikidan (+16 procenti), TurqeTidan (+15 procenti) da poloneTidan (+14 procenti).
evrogaerTianebis importis or meoTxeds Seadgens nedleuli, manqana-danadgarebi da sxva
samrewvelo saqoneli, met-naklebad Tanabari wilebiT. yvelaze mniSvnelovani iyo eqsporti
ruseTSi (+39 procenti), CineTsa (+17 procenti) da CexeTis respublikaSi (+14 procenti).
evrogaerTianebis eqsports Seadgens samrewvelo produqcia, ZiriTadad manqana-danadgarebi
(30 procenti), transportirebis masalebi (17 procenti) da qimiuri produqcia (14 procenti).
energetikis balansis deficitma stabilurobas miaRwia (-117,9 miliardi evro - 2001 w., -
118,1 milard evros - 2000 w.), maSin roca dadebiTi savaWro balansi manqana-danadgarebisa da
satransporto saSualebebisaTvis gaizarda (+79,0 miliardi evro - 2001 w., +45,4 miliardi evro
– 2000 w.).
2001 wels, evrogaerTianebam moaxdina vaWrobis liberalizacia naklebad ganviTarebul
qveynebTan “yvelaferi iaraRis garda” iniciativis Tanaxmad. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi mxolod
wlis bolosTvis ganxorcielda, 2001 wels am qveynebidan importis moculoba sagrZnoblad
gaizarda, ris Sedegadac evrogaerTianebis savaWro deficiti am qveynebTan Semcirda –
1,2 miliard evromde. axlo momavalSi mosalodnelia eqsportis Semdgomi mateba, vinaidan
naklebad ganviTarebuli qveynebi preferenciuli uflebiT sargebloben.
evrogaerTianeba msoflios umsxvilesi momsaxurebis importioria, romelsac
momsaxurebis msoflio importis saerTo moculobaSi 24 procenti ekuTvnis. momsaxurebis
balansSi evrogaerTianebas mxolod mcire dadebiTi savaWro balansi aqvs (+5,2 miliardi evro
- 2000 w.). evrogaerTianebis momsaxurebis importi umeteswilad aSS-dan modis (saerTo
moculobis 40 procentze meti). aseve momsaxurebis importireba xdeba metwilad aziidan
(17,2 procenti), xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebidan (8,5 procenti) da evrogaerTianebaSi gawevrianebis
kandidati qveynebidan (5,7 procenti). evrogaerTianebis momsaxurebiT vaWrobaSi Sedis
mogazauroba da transportireba, romelic met-naklebad Tanabari wilebiT aris warmodgenili.
sxva biznes momsaxureba Sedagens daaxloebiT kidev erT meoTxeds. importis yvelaze swrafi
zrda bolo periodSi dafiqsirda kompiuterul da sainformacio momsaxurebaSi, romlis
wliurma zrdam 1994-2000 ww periodSi 24 procenti Seadgina.
wyaro: vmo, TPRB
registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura
10 sasaqonlo jgufi Seadgenda qarTuli eqportis daaxloebiT 68 procents.
2002 welis pirveli naxevris mdgomareobiT aRiniSna samxedro TviTmfrinavebisa da
misi nawilebis eqsportis garkveuli zrda. aRniSnuli saqonlis eqsportma daikava
pirveli adgili 26,2 aSS milioni dolariT (mTeli eqsportis 17,8 procenti).
tradiciul partnior qveyanasTan - TurqmeneTTan (mTeli eqsportis 49 procenti)
erTad samxedro TviTmfrinavebi da nawilebi eqsportirebul iqna mezobel
azerbaijanSi (37 procenti), gambiasa (10 procenti) da safrangeTSi (4 procenti).
feroSenadnobebis (kodi 7204) eqsporti Seadgenda mTeli eqsportis 12,6 procents.
aRniSnuli saqonelis gasaRebis bazari ZiriTadad TurqeTi (91 procenti) iyo.
naxevraddamuSavebuli oqros (sasaqonlo kodi 7108) eqsportma daimkvidra erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani adgili saeqsporto saqonelTa Soris. oqros eqsportma miaRwia
13,6 milion aSS dolars, rac registrirebuli eqsportis 9,3 procents Seadgens.
aRniSnuli produqciis eqsportis daniSnulebis adgili iyi inglisi.
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 41
tendencia, romelic SeiniSneboda wina wlebSi, kvlavac grZeldeboda
saangariSo periodSi, ruseTis federacia tradiciulad kvlavac rCeba qarTuli
Rvinis ZiriTad momxmarebelad, rac riskis qveS ayenebs aRniSnuli seqtoris
arsebobas.. 2002 wlis I naxevarSi ganmavlobaSi Rvinis (sasaqonlo kodi 2204)
eqsportis daniSnulebis adgils warmoadgenda ruseTi (785 procenti), ukraina
(9 procenti), aSS (6 procenti) da yazaxeTi (2,7 procenti).
naturaluri da mineraluri wylebi (kodebi 2201 da 2203), Seadgendnen
eqsportis 5,7 procents. eqsportis daniSnulebis qveynebi iyo ruseTi (80 procenti),
ukraina (8 procenti) da aSS (5 procenti). qimiuri sasuqebis eqsportma ((sasaqonlo
kodi 3102) Seadgina 5 procenti registrirebuli eqsportisa. am sasaqonlo jgufis
eqsportis daniSnulebis adgili iyo gibraltari (26 procenti), TurqeTi
(22 procenti), somxeTi (15 procenti), azerbaijani (14 procenti) saberZneTi
(9 procenti) da germania (9 procenti).
nax. 5.4: saqarTvelos rnax. 5.4: saqarTvelos rnax. 5.4: saqarTvelos rnax. 5.4: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, 2002 w. I nax. egistrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, 2002 w. I nax. egistrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, 2002 w. I nax. egistrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, 2002 w. I nax.
(milioni aSS dolari)
- 5 10 15 20 25 30
sxva
araZvirfasi liTonebi
TviTmprinavebi da maTi nawilebi
alkoholuri sasmelebi, Tambaqo da sxva.
mineraluri produqtebi
Zvirfasi liTonebi
qimiuri produqtebi
mcenareuli warmoSobis produqtebi
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 42
cxrili 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis struqtura, harmonizebuli
sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis (HS96) m) m) m) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.
aTasi aSS aTasi aSS aTasi aSS aTasi aSS
dolaridolaridolaridolari
procentiprocentiprocentiprocenti
eqsporti - sul 147 504147 504147 504147 504 100100100100
safreni aparatebi da maTi nawilebi -8802, 8803 26 230 17,8
Savi liTonis jarTi-7204 18 573 12,6
oqro -7108 13 648 9,3
yurZnis Rvino naturaluri -2204 11 615 7,9
wyali, maT Soris naturaluri an mineraluri – 2201, 2202 8 430 5,7
azotis sasuqebi –3102 7 385 5
spilenZis madani da koncentratebis- 2603 6 163 4,2
navTobi da navTobproduqtebi – 2709, 2710 4 618 3,1
feroSenadnobebi -7202, 4 441 3
aluminis narCenebi da jarTi-7602; daumuSavebeli alumini
– 7601
4 247 2,9
sxva 46 401 31,5
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
sxva ZiriTadi saeqsporto sasaqonlo jgufebia: spilenZis madani da
koncentratebi (kodi 2603), Savi liTonebis jarTi da feroSenadnobebi (sasaqonlo
kodebi: 7202, 7204), aluminis narCenebi da jarTi (sasaqonlo kodi 7602), daumuSavebeli
alumini (sasaqonlo kodi 7601). bolo ori saqonlis eqsporti erTad Seadgenda
registrirebuli eqsportis 3,3 procents. aRniSnuli produqcia ZiriTadad
gadatvirTul iqna TurqeTSi, iaponiaSi, iransa da indoeTSi.
zemoT moyvanili cxrili 5.3 gviCvenebs registrirebuli eqsportis ZiriTad
saxeobebs harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sisitemis mixedviT.
registrirebuli importis struqtura
cxrili 5.5: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, 2002w. cxrili 5.5: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, 2002w. cxrili 5.5: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, 2002w. cxrili 5.5: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, 2002w. I nax. I nax. I nax. I nax.
(milioni aSS dolari)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
sxva
mineraluri produqtebi
danadgarebi da meq. mowyobilobebi
satransp. saSualebebi, TviTmfrinavebi da sxva
qimiuri produqtebi
kvebis mza produqtebi, alk. sasmelebi da sxva
mcenareuli warmoSobis produqti
araZvirfasi liTonebi da maTi nawarmi
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 43
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos importis mniSvnelovani nawili aRricxvis
miRma rCeba, registrirebuli importis monacemTa analizi gviCvenebs, rom
saqarTvelos damokidebuleba importul energomatareblebze kvlavac mniSvnelovani
iyo 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi. importSi dominirebda mineraluri produqtebi.
navTobis airebi, navTobi da navTobproduqtebi da eleqtroenergia erTad Seadgenda
23 procents mTliani importisa. samkurnalo saSualebebis (sasaqonlo kodi 3004)
importma Seadgina 6,6 procenti. sakvebi produqtebis (xorbali, fqvili da a.S.) wili
ki TandaTanobiT klebulobs.
cxrili 5.4 gviCvenebs umsxviles saimporto sasaqonlo jgufebs, romelTa
saerTo wili registrirebul importSi aris 44 procenti. bunebrivi gazisa da
navTobisa da navTobproduqtebis wili 2001 wlis mTlian importSi daaxloebiT
20 procenti iyo. sxva mTavari saimporto saxeobebia: Saqari (3,7 procenti), Tambaqos
nawarmi (3,5 procenti), TviTmfrinavebi (daaxloebiT 2 procenti), da sxva.
cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, harmonizebuli cxrili 5.3: saqarTvelos registrirebuli importis struqtura, harmonizebuli
sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis ( sasaqonlo sistemis (HS96) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. ) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax.
aTasi aSS aTasi aSS aTasi aSS aTasi aSS
dolaridolaridolaridolari
procentiprocentiprocentiprocenti
importi - sul 349 526349 526349 526349 526 100100100100
navTobi da navTobproduqtebi – 2710 37 588 10,8
navTobis airebi –2711 30 173 8,6
samkurnalo saSualebebi –3004 23 148 6,6
lerwmis an Warxlis Saqari - 1701 12 890 3,7
sigarebi da sigaretebi, Tambaqo – 2402, 2401, 2003 12 383 3,5
eleqtroenergia – 2716 11 437 3,3
fqvili da sxv.– 1101 8 560 2,4
safreni saSualebebi - 8803 7 928 2,3
radio da satekevizio aparatura - 8525 5 504 1,6
Satelefono eleqtruli aparatebi - 8517 5 051 1,4
sxva 194 864 55,8
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
momsaxurebis eqsporti da importi
araregistrirebuli momsaxurebiT vaWrobis wili gacilebiT didia, vidre
araregistrirebuli saqonliT vaWrobis SemTxvevaSi. saqarTvelos sagadamxdelo
balansis1 mixedviT (ix. cxrili 5.5) a.w. pirvel naxevarSi registrirebuli
momsaxurebis eqsportis 55 procenti modioda satransporto momsaxurebaze. turizmi
Seadgenda momsaxurebiT eqsportis 37 procents. sxva saxis momsaxureba (romelic
moicavs kavSirgabmulobas, dazRvevas da a.S.) Seadgens mxolod 9 procents.
garkveuli zrdaa sarkinigzo transportiT momsaxurebis eqsportis maCvenebelSi.
1 sem-is gamocemisas mxolod 2001 w. pirveli sami kvartlis sagadamxdelo balansi iyo xelmisawvdomi.
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 44
cxrili 5.5: momscxrili 5.5: momscxrili 5.5: momscxrili 5.5: momsaxurebis registrirebuli eqsporti da importi,axurebis registrirebuli eqsporti da importi,axurebis registrirebuli eqsporti da importi,axurebis registrirebuli eqsporti da importi,
(aTasi aSS dolari)
2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax. 2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.
EeqsportiEeqsportiEeqsportiEeqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti EeqsportiEeqsportiEeqsportiEeqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti
sul momsaxurebasul momsaxurebasul momsaxurebasul momsaxureba 164 641164 641164 641164 641 122 539122 539122 539122 539 157 701157 701157 701157 701 114 903114 903114 903114 903
satransporto momsaxurebasatransporto momsaxurebasatransporto momsaxurebasatransporto momsaxureba 88 64188 64188 64188 641 50 24350 24350 24350 243 84 81184 81184 81184 811 47 29347 29347 29347 293
- sazRvao transporti 19 572 12 280 13 999 16 492
-sahaero transporti 9 135 19 484 12 559 15 218
-sarkinigzo transporti 37 633 8 040 33 858 6 163
-saavtomobilo transporti 6 590 10 439 9 550 9 420
- milsadenebi 15 731 0 14 845 0
turizmiturizmiturizmiturizmi 61 16061 16061 16061 160 51 52251 52251 52251 522 59 02059 02059 02059 020 51 03251 03251 03251 032
sxvasxvasxvasxva 14 60314 60314 60314 603 20 77520 77520 77520 775 13 87013 87013 87013 870 16 57816 57816 57816 578
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
regionaluri integracia suami-s (saqarTvelo-ukraina—azerbaijani-uzbekeTi-moldova) wevr qveynebs Soris a.w. 19-20 ivliss ukrainis qalaq ialtaSi Catarda suami-s wevri qveynebis
Sexvedra. Sexvedras eswrebodnen ruseTis, bulgareTis, iranis, aSS-s, sloveniis,
poloneTis, TurqeTis agreTve gaeros, evrokavSirisa da sxva organizaciis wevrebi
stumris statusiT. aRniSnuli samitis farglebSi suami-s wevr qveynebma (uzbekeTis
garda) xeli moaweres deklaracias Tavisufali savaWro zonis (Tsz) Seqmnis Sesaxeb.
jer kidev 2002 wlis seqtemberSi niu-iorkSi suami-s wevr qveynebis prezidentebma
gadawyvites gaerTianebis institucionalizacia da Tsz-is Seqmna.
regionaluri ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi baza (vmo/GATT)
regionaluri ekonomikuri integracia niSnavs im qveynebs Soris savaWro
nakadebis gafarToebisaTvis saWiro pirobebis Seqmnas, romlebic koncentrirebulebi
arian erT geografiul regionSi. regionaluri ekonomikuri integraciis
ganviTarebuli forma SeiZleba moicavdes monawile mxareebs Soris savaluto da
fuladi politikis harmonizaciasa da unifikacias.
regionaluri ekonomikuri integracia unda ganxorcieldes an rogorc
oficialuri ekonomikuri bloki qveynebs Soris, an rogorc araformaluri
gaerTianeba. pirveli niSnavs, rom ramdenime qveyanam Caamoayaliba es bloki wesdebisa
da SeTanxmebebis safuZvelze (EU, NAFTA, MERCOSUR da sxva), xolo meore
gulisxmobs, rom dainteresebuli mxareebi SeTanxmdnen xeli SeewyoT
integraciisaTvis regionSi oficialuri SeTanxmebis gareSe (aRmosavleT-aziis
integracia).
regionaluri integraciis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba moicavs ekonomikuri
TanamSromlobis intensifikaciis ramdenime stadias, rac asaxavs integraciis dones
qveynebs Soris.
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 45
yvelaze dabali safexuri aris preferenciuli savaWro SeTanxmeba ramdenime
qveynas Soris, rac gulisxmobs imas rom mxareebi amcireben tarifebis ganakveTebs
mxolod urTierTvaWrobisas.
SeTanxmeba Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb niSnavs, rom savaWro SezRudvebi wevr
qveyanebs Soris moxsnilia, magram TiToeuli qveyana inarCunebs sakuTar satarifo
struqturas danarCeni msoflios mimarT.
sabaJo kavSiri ki aris Tavisufali vaWrobis sivrce, erTiani sagareo savaWro
politikiT. erTiani bazari aris sabaJo kavSiri, romelic aseve moicavs warmoebis
faqtorebis Tavisufal moZraobas (Sroma da kapitali). ekonomikuri kavSiri aris
erTiani bazari, romelic moicavs wevri qveynebis erovnuli ekonomikuri politikis
harmonizaciis garkveul dones. am SemTxvevaSi wevri qveynebis erovnuli valutebi
fiqsirebulia erTmaneTis mimarT.
monetaruli kavSiri aris erTiani bazari an ekonomikuri kavSiri, roca
SemoRebulia erTiani valuta. praqtikaSi regionaluri ekonomikuri integracia
xsenebuli formebis Sexamebaa, romlis arCeva xdeba politikuri faqtorebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
vmo/GATT-is erT-erTi ZiriTad principi, romelic uzrulnvelyofs vaWrobaSi
diskriminaciis ardaSvebas, warmoadgens cnobili upiratesi xelSewyobis principi
(MFN). aRniSnuli principi gulisxmobs Semdegs: Tuki wevri qveyana satarifo Tu sxva
raime daTmobas ukeTebs meore qveyanas ama Tu im produqtze, maSin aRniSnuli reJimi
dauyovnebliv da upirobod imoqmedebs sxva qveynebis analogiuri produqtis mimarT.
es piroba moqmedebs ara marto importis dros, aramed eqsportis pirobebSic.
amrigad, upiratesi xelSewyobis principi iZleva garantias, rom ar iqneba wevr
qveynebs Soris diskriminacia sagareo vaWrobisas.
vmo/GATT-i amasTan aRiarebs, rom tarifebi da vaWrobaze sxva barierebi SeiZleba
Semcirdes qveynebis mier regionaluri SeTanxmebebis WrilSi SeRavaTian safuZvelze.
amrigad, regionuli SeRavaTiani SeTanxmebebi amkvidrebs upiratesi xelSewyobis
principis mniSvnelovan gamonakliss. imisaTvis, rom daculi iqnas regionaluri
SeTanxmebebis arawevri qveynebis savaWro interesebi, GATT-i akanonebs mkacr pirobebs aseTi SeTanxmebebis SeqmnisaTvis. es pirobebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
• regionaluri SeTanxmebebis wevrma qveynebma unda moxsnan tarifebi da vaWrobaze
sxva barierebi mxolod da mxolod erTmaneTis mimarT;
• aRniSnulma SeTanxmebebma ar unda warmoSvas vaWrobaze axali barierebi mesame
qveynebis mimarT.
vmo-s samarTlebriv CarCoSi regionalurma SeTanxmebebma SeiZleba miiRos forma
sabaJo kavSirisa da Tavisufali savaWro sivrcisa (muxli XXIV, GATT). orive
SemTxvevaSi vaWroba wevr qveynebs Soris xdeba gadasaxadebisgan Tavisufal
safuZvelze, im dros, roca vaWroba mesame qveynebTan eqvemdebareba upiratesi
xelSewyobis princips. sabaJo kavSiris SemTxvevaSi wevri qveynebis tarifebi
harmonizebulia da gamoiyeneba sabaJo kavSirSi importirebis dros erTnair
safuZvelze. Tavisufali savaWro arealis moqmedebisas, wevri qveynebi ganagrZoben
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 46
tarifebis gamoyenebas harmonizaciis gareSe, TavianTi individualuri satarifo
cxrilebis mixedviT. amgvari regionaluri SeTanxmebebis Sedegad dResdReobiT
proporciulad maRali xvedriTi wili msoflio vaWrobisa modis SeRavaTian
(regionaluri SeTanxmebebis) safuZvelze.
Tavisufali savaWro sivrce (Tss) aris sabaJo kavSiris potenciuri
winamorbedi. Tss-is partniorebi axorcieleben damoukidebel savaWro politikas, maT
Soris TavdacviTi RonisZiebebis, anti-dempinguri da sakompensaciiio zomebis
CaTvliT. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom sabaJo kavSiris SemTxvevaSi unda
dakmayofilebuli iqnas GATT-is XXIV muxli, romelic moiTxovs, rom sabaJo
kavSirebma acnobon vmo-s garkveuli kriteriumebis dakmayofilebis Taobaze. sabaJo
kavSiri, da ara misi romelime wevri, unda gawevriandes vmo-Si, radganac wevroba
eniWeba kavSirs da ara cal-calke mis wevr qveynebs.
CanarTi 5.2CanarTi 5.2CanarTi 5.2CanarTi 5.2
evroavSiris Tavisufali vaWrobis zonebi
evrogaerTianeba evropis SeTanxmebiT centraluri da aRmosavleTi evropis aTive
qveyanasTan 1999 wlidan aris dakavSirebuli. rogorc Sedegi, SeTanxmebis xelmomwer qveynebsa
da evrogaerTianebas Soris, samrewvelo produqcia Tavisufal brunvaSi imyofeba ukve
2001 wlidan. SezRudvebi ZalaSi rCeba mxolod ramodenime seqtorSi, magaliTad soflis
meurneobaSi. evropis SeTanxmebebi aseve Seicavs debulebebs vaWrobasa da investiciebTan
mimarTebaSi momsaxurebis, gadasaxadebisa da kapitalis Tavisufali moZraobis, samuSao Zalis
Tavisufali brunvisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb garemos dacvis, transportisa da sabaJo
sferoebSi. Semdgom, isini iTvaliswineben kanonmdeblobaTa daaxloebas evrogaerTianebis
kanonmdeblobasTan, gansakuTrebiT Sida bazarTan dakavSirebul sferoebSi, iseTSi rogoricaa
konkurencia da inteleqtualuri, samrewvelo da komerciuli sakuTrebis dacva. amave sferoebs
moicavs TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebi kviprossa da maltasTan. evrogaerTianebas
dafuZnebuli aqvs sabaJo kavSiri TurqeTTan, romelic samrewvelo produqcias moicavs.
foladisa da naxSiris produqcia Tavisufal brunvaSia, xolo sasoflo-sameurneo
produqciiT vaWrobis sferoSi orive mxaris mier koncesiebis gacvla moxda. Semdgomi
molaparakebebi, momsaxurebiT vaWrobisa da saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis sferoSi liberalizaciis
miRwevis mizniT, 2000 wels daiwyo.
evrogaerTianebis ormxrivi savaWro urTierTobebi SveicariasTan dafuZnebulia
arsebul SeTanxmebebze: 1972 wlis SeTanxmeba Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb. 1994 wlidan
evrogaerTianeba da Sveicaria awarmoeben molaparakebebs, romlebic moicavs mraval
specifikur seqtors. Svidi axali SeTanxmeba fizikuri pirebis, sahaero da miwiszeda
transportis Tavisufali moZraobis, samecniero da teqnologiuri TanamSromlobis, soflis
meurneobis, Sesabamisobis Sefasebisa da saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis seqtorebSi ZalaSi Seva 2002
wlis zafxuls. 2001 wlis ivnisidan mimdinareobs molaparakebebi statistikis, garemos dacvis,
gadamuSavebul sasoflo-sameorneo produqciiT vaWrobis, falsifikaciis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi
TanamSromlobis damatebiT sferoebSi, xolo molaparakebebi danazogebis dabegvris Taobaze
axlo momavalSi unda daiwyos. 2002 wlis aprilSi evrokomisiam gadawyvita SveicariasTan
molaparakebebis dawyebis SeTavazeba oTx axal sferoSi, maT Soris Tavisufali vaWrobis
Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis gavrcelebasTan dakavSirebiT momsaxurebaze.
saerTaSoriso vaWroba da sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 47
evrogaerTianebam gaaforma ormxrivi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebebi xmelTaSua
zRvis 8 qveyanasTan. aRniSnuli SeTanxmebebi Seicaven politikur, savaWro da TanamSromlobis
nawilebs. SeTanxmebebi tunisTan, marokosa da iordaniasTan ZalaSi Sevida Seabamisad
1998 wlis martSi, 2000 wlis martsa da 2002 wlis maisSi. palestinis xelisuflebasTan
SeTanxmebebis savaWro debulebebi (romelTac xeli moewera 1997 wlis TebervalSi) gamoiyeneba
droebiT safuZvelze. rac Seexeba israels, axali evro-med TanamSromlobis SeTanxmeba ZalaSi
Sevida 2000 wlis 1 ivniss. xeli moewera SeTanxmebebs egviptesa da alJirTan, romlebic
ratifikacias elian. ZalaSi Sedis SeTanxmeba libanTan, mxareebi apireben komerciuli nawilis
ganxorcielebas droebiTi SeTanxmebis safuZvelze. mimdinareobs molaparakebebi siriasTan.
calkeuli SeTanxmebebi iTvaliswinebs yovel qveyanasa da evrogaerTianebas Soris
saqonlisTvis Tavisufali vaWrobis zonis Seqmnas da sasoflo-sameurneo bazrebis
TandaTanobiT gaxsnas. garda amisa, es SeTanxmebebi Seicaven debulebebs, romlebic
iTvaliswineben liberalizacias momsaxurebis, kapitalis moZraobisa da konkurenciis sferoSi.
aseve mTeli seriozulobiT ganaxlda molaparakebebi evrogaerTianebasa da sparseTis yuris
qveynebis TanamSromlobis sabWos (GCC) Soris, mas Semdeg rac sparseTis yuris qveynebis
TanamSromlobis sabWom daadgina rom araugvianes 2005 wlisa SemoRebuli unda iyos erTiani
sabaJo tarifebi da Sesworeba evrogaerTianebis molaparakebaTa Tavdapirvel mandatSi,
romelic ZalaSia 1991 wlidan.
evrogaerTianebisa da meqsikis Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba ZalaSi Sevida
2000 wlis 1 ivliss. Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba moicavs saqonliT vaWrobas,
romelic metwilad srulad unda ganxorcieldes 2003 wlisTvis; ufro xangrZlivi
gardamavali periodebi daSvebulia mxolod meqsikis samrewvelo saqonlisTvis - 2007 wlamde
da sasoflo-sameurneo produqciisTvis - 2010 wlamde. Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb
SeTanxmebebi moicavs momsaxurebas, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebs, konurenciasa da inteleqtualuri
sakuTrebis uflebebs.
molaparakebebi evrogaerTianebas da Ciles Soris asocirebul SeTanxmebaze, romlebic
daiwyo 2000 wlis aprilSi molaparakebebis pirvel raundze, dasrulda 2002 wlis 26 aprils.
saqonliT, momsaxurebiT da saxelmwifo SesyidvebiT Tavisufali vaWrobis zonebis garda,
momavali SeTanxmeba unda Seicavdes debulebebs investiciebis, sabaJosa da vaWrobis
xelSewyobasTan, inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uflebebTan, konkurenciasa da davebis
mogvarebis meqanizmTan dakavSirebiT. momavali SeTanxmeba amJamad Sida damtkicebis procesSi
imyofeba.
samxreT amerikis qveynebis erTian bazarTan regionTaSorisi TanamSromlobis
SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb molaparakebebi daiwyo 2000 wlis aprils. im droisaTvis, SeTanxmebis
sxvadasxxva sakiTxebze teqstTan dakavSirebuli winadadebebis gacvla metwilad ukve
ganxorcielda. garda amisa, mxareebma moaxdines satarifo SeTavazebebis gacvla. amJamad,
mzaddeba molaparakebaTa mesame etapi.
1999 wels samxreT afrikasTan savaWro, ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis SeTanxmebis
gaformebis Semdeg, 2002 wlis 28 ianvars xeli moewera SeTanxmebebs RviniTa da alkoholuri
sasmelebiT vaWrobis Sesaxeb. mas Semdeg isini pirobiTad gamoiyeneba. molaparakebebi
TevzWeris uflebebis sakiTxze jer-jerobiT ar aris dasrulebuli.
wyaro: mvo
Tavi meeqvse. privatizacia
48 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
2002 wlis meore kvartalSi privatizaciis procesSi mniSvnelovan progress
adgili ar hqonia. Tumca, saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom (sqms) gamoacxada
tenderebi zogierTi saSualo da msxvili sawarmos privatizaciaze. saaqcio
sazogadoeba “elmavalmSenebelisa” da eleqtrovagonSemkeTebeli qarxnis
saprivatizacio tenderebi warmatebiT dasrulda 2002 wlis mesame kvartalSi.
zogierTi msxvili sawarmo wlis meore naxevarSi gatanili iqneba auqcionze
nulovani sarezervo fasiT, xolo zogierTi sawarmoSi dawyebulia gakotrebis saqmis
warmoeba. mas Semdeg rac “saqarTvelos aviaxazebis” privatizebis mizniT
gamocxadebuli saerTaSoriso tenderi uSedegod damTavrda, ganixileba sawarmos
likvidaciis sakiTxi. mimdinareobs saaqcio sazogadoeba “Tbilwyalkanalis”
marTvaSi gadacemis tenderi da monawile kompaniebma teqnikuri da finansuri
winadadebebi noemberSi unda warmoadginon.
saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizacia
2002 wlis meore kvartalSi saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis saprivatizaciod
damtkicebasa da maTi saaqcio sazogadoebebad Camoyalibebis procesSi cvlilebebi
TiTqmis ar yofila. cxrili 6.1 gviCvenebs rom 2002 wlis pirveli ivlisis
mdgomareobiT, saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis
mTliani ricxvi ucvleli darCa - 1 426. saaqcio sazogadoebad Camoyalibebuli
saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis mTlianma ricxvma 1 362-s miaRwia. 2002 wlis pirvel
naxevarSi mxolod 3 saaqcio sazogadoeba Camoyalibda. rogorc saprivatizaciod
damtkicebul, aseve saaqcio sazogadoebebad Camoyalibebul sawarmoTa yvelaze didi
ricxvi soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis seqtorSia.
cxrili 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis daarseba seqtorebis mixedviT
( ( ( (sqms-s klasifikaciiT), 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT klasifikaciiT), 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT klasifikaciiT), 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT klasifikaciiT), 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT1111
s e qt o r is e qt o r is e qt o r is e qt o r i d a mt k i c e b ul id a mt k i c e b ul id a mt k i c e b ul id a mt k i c e b ul i d a ar s eb ul id a ar s eb ul id a ar s eb ul id a ar s eb ul id aar s e b ul i d aar s e b ul i d aar s e b ul i d aar s e b ul i
2 0 02 w el s20 02 w el s20 02 w el s20 02 w el s
mr e wv el o b amr e wv el o b amr e wv el o b amr e wv el o b a 230 305 2
pu r pr o d u qt eb ipu r pr o d u qt eb ipu r pr o d u qt eb ipu r pr o d u qt eb i 61 45 0
so fl i s m e u r n eo b a d a s ur s aT iso fl i s m e u r n eo b a d a s ur s aT iso fl i s m e u r n eo b a d a s ur s aT iso fl i s m e u r n eo b a d a s ur s aT i 391 305 0
ar q i t e qt ur a d a mS e n e bl o b aar q i t e qt ur a d a mS e n e bl o b aar q i t e qt ur a d a mS e n e bl o b aar q i t e qt ur a d a mS e n e bl o b a 228 164 0
s ac al o d a s a b i T u mo v a W r o b as ac al o d a s a b i T u mo v a W r o b as ac al o d a s a b i T u mo v a W r o b as ac al o d a s a b i T u mo v a W r o b a 86 62 0
s a yo f ac xo vr e b o mo ms axur eb as a yo f ac xo vr e b o mo ms axur eb as a yo f ac xo vr e b o mo ms axur eb as a yo f ac xo vr e b o mo ms axur eb a 22 22 0
n a vT o b pr o d u qt eb in a vT o b pr o d u qt eb in a vT o b pr o d u qt eb in a vT o b pr o d u qt eb i 49 36 0
s a q g az is a q g az is a q g az is a q g az i 60 47 0
t r a n s po r t it r an s po r t it r an s po r t it r an s po r t i 120 131 0
s o c i al ur i sf er oso c i al ur i sf er oso c i al ur i sf er oso c i al ur i sf er o 57 57 1
j an d ac v aj an d ac v aj an d ac v aj an d ac v a 56 58 0
e n er g et i kae n er g et i kae n er g et i kae n er g et i ka 66 130 0
s ulsulsulsul 1,426 1,362 3
wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro
1 sqms-m am cxrilSi garkveuli cvlilebebi Seitana. seqtori “samTo qimia” Setanil iqna seqtorSi “mrewveloba”. zogierTi sawarmos profilis gadaxedvis Sedegad isini sxva seqtorSi iqnen gadatanili. aseve SemoRebul iqna seqtori “sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba”.
privatizacia
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2 49
saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi darCenili saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis
privatizacia siZneleebs awydeba. bevrma tenderma ver moizida ganacxadebi da
sawarmoebi ver gaiyida. im SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac sawarmos aqciaTa sakontrolo
paketis fasi Semcirebul iqna, myidveli ver moiZebna. rogorc Cans, am tenderebis
pirobebi metismetad momTxovni iyo da dabali fasis miuxedavad, seriozulma
investorebma Tavi Seikaves mZime valdebulebebis aRebisagan. aseTi sawarmoebis
privatizaciis ZiriTadi Semaferxebeli mizezebia didi davalianebebi, sawarmos
aqtivebis cudi mdgomareoba, samuSao Zalis siWarbe, sawarmos zoma da sawarmoSi
interesebis mqone gavleniani jgufebi.
msoflio bankis struqturuli gardaqmnebis mesame kreditis pirobebis
Tanaxmad, meore tranSis misaRebad nusxiT gansazRvruli pirveli rigis 29 msxvili
sawarmodan minimum 20 sawarmo unda iqnas privatizebuli an likvidirebuli.
2002 wlis ivlisis mdgomareobiT pirveli rigis sawarmoTa nusxidan ToTxmeti
sawarmo privatizebul iqna da rva sawarmoSi dawyebulia likvidacia/gakotrebis
procesi. ase rom meore tranSis misaRebad kreditis pirobebi Sesrulebulia. mesame
tranSis misaRebad saWiroa mTlianad ganxorcieldes pirveli rigis sawarmoebis
privatizeba an likvidacia. rac Seexeba meore rigis msxvil sawarmoTa nusxas,
29 sawarmodan 26 privatizebulia.
2001 wels zogierT saSualo da msxvil sawarmoSi sqms-m restruqturizacia
Caatara. vinaidan, msxvili sawarmoebis SemTxvevaSi Zneli iyo maTi gayidva
restruqturizaciis gareSe, sawarmos sicocxlisunariani nawili gamocalkevebuli
iqna sxva danarCenisagan. Sesabamisad sicocxlisunariani nawili ufro efeqturi
gaxda da ufro mimzidvelic potenciuri investorebisaTvis. restruqturizebuli
sawarmoebis simboluri fasiT an nulovan auqcionze gayidva ramodenime Tvis
ganmavlobaSi ganixileboda da sabolood aris garkveuli winsvla am mimarTulebiT,
da met progress unda velodeT wlis bolos.
saaqcio sazogadoeba “elmavalmSenebeli” erT-erTi yvelaze msxvili sawarmoa
saqarTveloSi. sawarmos aqciaTa sakontrolo paketi ramodenimejer iqna gamotanili
gasayidad, magram uSedegod. sawarmoSi Catarda restruqturizacia da ganxorcielda
arasawarmoo daniSnulebis aqtivebis sawesdebo kapitalidan amoReba. aqciaTa
sakontrolo paketze 75 procentis fasdaklebiT gamocxadebulma ganmeorebiTma
tenderma kvlavac ver moizida verc erTi ganacxadi. tenderi sawarmos aqciaTa
75 procentis simboluri sawyisi fasiT (150 000 aSS dolari) gasayidad 2002 wlis
24 maiss gamocxadda. tenderis pirobebis mixedviT, gamarjvebulma unda
ganaxorcielos 500 000 laris odenobis investicia, yovelwliurad 30 procentiT
gazardos sawarmos warmadoba, yovelwliurad 20 procentiT gazardos xelfasebi da
gazardos personalis raodenoba. ivlisSi gamarTul tenderSi sawarmos direqtorma
gaimarjva.
2002 wlis 19 ivliss sqms-m gamoacxada saerTaSoriso tenderi saaqcio
sazogadoeba “medeas” aqciaTa sakontrolo paketze. aqciaTa paketis sawyisi fasi
simboluria da 5 000 aSS dolars udris.
saaqcio sazogadoebebis “quTaisis avtoqarxnis” da "saqarTvelos traqtoris"
aqciaTa sakontrolo paketebi 5 ivliss gamotanili iqna fulad auqcionze nulovani
sarezervo fasiT. auqcioni oqtomberSi dasruldeba.
privatizacia
50 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
“saqarTvelos aviaxazebis” saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli aqciaTa paketis
privatizebis mizniT gamocxadebulma saerTaSoriso tenderma ver moizida
ganacxadebi da amJamad ganixileba sawarmos likvidaciis sakiTxi. sqms-m daiwyo
saaaqcio sazogadoebebis “elvas” da “saqceolitis” likvidaciis procesi. sawarmoTa
likvidaciis procesi mimdinare wlis bolomde unda dasruldes. saaqcio
sazogadoeba “saqsamTometalurgia” aseve likvidaciis procesSia. sicocxlis
uunaro da aramimzidveli sawarmoebis likvidacia xSirad privatizaciis mtkivneuli
procesis logikur dasasruls warmoadgens da masac moaqvs sargebeli
ekonomikisaTvis: sagadasaxado da sxva davalianebebis nawili mainc daifareba.
zogierT msxvil sawarmoSi dawyebulia gakotrebis procesi. maT Sorisaa
saaqcio sazogadoebebi tami, qimboWko, tyibulnaxSiri, azoti, saqabreSumi da
WiaTurmanganumi. gakotrebis saqmis warmoeba iwvevs valauvali sawarmos
reorganizebas an likvidacias. saaqcio sazogadoebebis, azoti, saqabreSumi,
WiaTurmanganumis SemTxvevaSi dawyebulia sasamarTlos mier damtkicebuli
reabilitaciis procesi. Tuki reabilitacia warmatebiT iqna ganxorcielebuli,
sawarmo SeZlebs dafaros valebi, mTlianobaSi gaiumjobesos Tavisi mdgomareoba da
amgvarad wvlili Seitanos qveynis ekonomikaSi.
saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis privatizaciis procesSi aRsaniSnav movlenas
warmoadgens 2002 wlis agvistoSi eleqtrovagonSemkeTebeli qarxnis tenderis
meSveobiT privatizeba. sawarmos direqtorma aqciaTa paketSi 1 300 000 aSS dolari
gadaixada. tenderis pirobebi, romelic unda Seasrulos gamarjvebulma, moicavs
erTi milioni aSS dolaris odenobis investiciebis ganxorcielebas, warmadobis
gazrdas da samuSao Zalis SenarCunebas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom privatizaciis procesi bevr SemTxvevaSi ferxdeba zemoT
moyvanili mizezebis gamo, ar aris yovelTvis gamWvirvale da zogierT SemTxvevaSi
uSedegoa, igi sasargeblo unda iyos rogorc momxmareblisaTvis, aseve muSa-
mosamsaxurisaTvis da mTlianad ekonomikisTvis. momxmarebeli sargebels iRebs maSin
rodesac meti efeqturoba, romelic privatizebis meSveobiT SeiZleba iqnas miRweuli,
mas gadaecema, magaliTad fasebis formiT, romlebic imaze naklebia, rac SeiZleboda
rom yofiliyo, farTo arCevaniT da ukeTesi momsaxureobis formiT. privatizebuli
biznesi savaraudod ufro kargad pasuxobs momxmareblis cvalebad moTxovnebs da
ufro aqtiuria axali produqciis bazarze gamotanaSi.
muSa-mosamsaxurisaTvis privatizacia niSnavs naTeli miznebis mqone kompaniaSi
muSaobas, am miznebis misaRwevad saWiro saSualebebis arsebobas da warmatebis
SemTxvevaSi Sesabamis ukugebas. es aZlierebs zrunvas momxmarebelze, rac nebismieri
warmatebuli biznesis amosaval wertils warmoadgens. ekonomika sargebels iRebs
privatizebuli dargebis kapitalze ufro maRali amonagebis formiT, romlebsac ukve
aRar SeuZliaT moiZion resursebi ekonomikaSi sxva gzebiT (igulisxmeba
gadasaxadebi), Tu ara ibrZolon fondebisaTvis Ria kapitalis bazarze.
privatizacia
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2 51
kavSirgabmulobis seqtorikavSirgabmulobis seqtorikavSirgabmulobis seqtorikavSirgabmulobis seqtori
kavSirgabmulobis seqtoris obieqtebis privatizaciaSi 2002 wlis meore
kvartalSi progresi ar dafiqsirebula. sqms-m Sewyvita urTierToba privatizaciis
procesis safinanso mrCevel Commertzbank-Tan. axali safinanso mrCevlis
gamosavlenad tenderi jer ar gamocxadebula. norvegiuli kompania Telenor-i konsultaciebs uwevs saaqcio sazogadoeba “saqarTvelos eleqtrokavSirs” da
exmareba axali biznes gegmis SemuSavebaSi, romelic moicavs sawarmos axali
samenejero struqturis Camoyalibebas da sxva rekomendaciebs. Tumca, jerjerobiT
“saqarTvelos eleqtrokavSiris” arc privatizeba da arc marTvaSi gadacema ar aris
dagegmili.
energetikis seqtorienergetikis seqtorienergetikis seqtorienergetikis seqtori
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi energetikis seqtoris obieqtebis privatizebis
mxriv progresi ar yofila. sqms-m IFC-sTan erTad saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi myofi
eleqtroenergiis gamanawilebeli regionaluri kompaniebi erT kompaniad daajgufa,
romelic axlo momavalSi marTvaSi unda iqnas gadacemuli. aseve gegmaSia
hidroeleqtrosadgurebis privatizebac.
Tbilgazis (Tbilisis gazis gamanawilebeli kompania) sakiTxi kvlav dRis
wesrigSia. rusuli kompania ITERA, romelic awvdis gazs saqarTvelos,
dainteresebuli iyo Tbilgazis SesyidvaSi, magram or qveyanas Soris politikuri
urTierTobebis gauaresebis gamo, garigebam politikuri xasiaTi SeiZina da sqms-m ar
miiRo ITERA-s SemoTavazeba. vinaidan sawarmos reabilitaciis sxva gza ar arsebobs
axla ganixileba erToblivi sawarmos (saqarTvelos mxare – ITERA) Camoyalibeba.
energetikis seqtoris gaumjobeseba uaRresad mniSvnelovania, radgan igi
uSualo gavlenas axdens ekonomikis sxva sferoebis funqcionirebaze da cxovrebis
doneze qveyanaSi. privatizebuli obieqtebi, rogorc wesi, saxelmwifo
mflobelobaSi arsebul obieqtebTan SedarebiT ukeTes Sedegebs iZlevian da
Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli
programa energetikis sawarmoTa swraf da wesisamebr privatizebas erT-erT
prioritetad isaxavs.
wyalmomaragebis da kanalizaciis sistemawyalmomaragebis da kanalizaciis sistemawyalmomaragebis da kanalizaciis sistemawyalmomaragebis da kanalizaciis sistema
saaqcio sazogadoeba Tbilwyalkanalis marTvaSi gadacemis tenderi SarSan
gamocxadda. saaqcio sazogadoeba Tbilwyalkanali 100 procentiT Tbilisis meriis
mflobelobaSia da unda iqnas marTvaSi gadacemuli 10 wlis vadiT. mxareTa
SeTanxmebis SemTxvevaSi kontraqtis vada SesaZloa 5 wliT gagrZeldes. dargis
reabilitaciisaTvis msoflio banks dagegmili aqvs gamoyos 25 milioni aSS dolaris
odenobis krediti. krediti 35 wliania, misi dabruneba sesxis aRebidan 10 wlis
Semdeg iwyeba da wliuri saprocento ganakveTi 0,75 procentia. kreditis meSveobiT
reformis sawyis etapze unda moxerxdes dabali tarifis SenarCuneba.
privatizacia
52 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
saaqcio sazogadoeba Tbilwyalkanalis marTvaSi gadacemis tenderis
winasakvalifikacio etapi dasrulda. tenderSi monawileobisaTvis kompanias unda
gaaCndes 1,5 milioniani mosaxleobis momsaxurebis 5 wliani gamocdileba, wliuri
finansuri brunva aranakleb 50 milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT da kvalificirebuli
personali. axla xuTi kompania monawileobs tenderSi. esenia: Compagnie Generale des Eaux (safrangeTi), Suez Lyonnaise Des Eaux (safrangeTi), Berlinwasser International GmbH (germania), ACEA S.p.A. – Acquedotto (erToblivi sawarmo, italia), Anglian Water PLC (gaerTianebuli samefo). kontraqtis nimuSi tenderSi monawile kompaniebs 2002 wlis
agvistoSi daegzavnaT da maT 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi unda warmoadginon teqnikuri da
finansuri winadadebebi, romelTa safuZvelzec gamovlindeba tenderSi gamarjvebuli.
mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia
mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia grZeldeba da rogorc naCvenebia 6.2 cxrilSi
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi 295 mcire sawarmo iqna privatizebuli. 2002 wlis
pirveli ivlisis mdgomareobiT 13 819 mcire sawarmo damtkicda saprivatizaciod da
16 450 faqtiurad iqna privatizebuli2 1993 wlidan. faqtiurad privatizebul da
saprivatizaciod damtkicebul mcire sawarmoTa mTlian raodenobebs Soris arsebuli
gansxvaveba imaze miuTiTebs, rom bevri maTgani privatizebis procesSi gaiyo.
saprivatizaciod damtkicebuli sawarmoebis mzardi ricxvi imaze metyvelebs, rom
bevri maTgani saSualo da msxvili sawarmoebis nawils Seadgendnen da am
ukanasknelebis restruqturizaciis Sedegad, damoukidebel erTeulebad
Camoyalibdnen.
naxati 6.1 gviCvenebs saqarTveloSi mcire privatizaciis dinamikas 1993 wlidan.
garkveulwilad privatizebis procesi TiTqos dasasruls uaxlovdeba, radgan
saprivatizacio sawarmoebis raodenoba mcirdeba. Tumca msxvili sawarmoebis
privatizeba jer kidev winaa (telekomunikaciebis, energetikis, mrewvelobis
seqtorebSi) da savaraudoa rom restruqturizaciis Sedegad axali mcire sawarmoebi
warmoiSveba. maSasadame, mcire sawarmoTa privatizaciis procesi SesaZloa kidev
ufro gagrZeldes.
2 imis gamo, rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo, gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba aWarbebdes gasayidad damtkicebulTa ricxvs. mcire sawarmoTa sruli ricxvi, romelic moicavs saprivatizaciod damtkicebul mcire sawarmoebsac, ar aris cnobili. mcire sawarmoebad iTvleba isini, romelTa aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba 1993 wlis 1 aprilisTvis 44 000 aSS dolars ar aRemateba.
privatizacia
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2 53
naxati 6.1: mcire sawarmoTa privatizacianaxati 6.1: mcire sawarmoTa privatizacianaxati 6.1: mcire sawarmoTa privatizacianaxati 6.1: mcire sawarmoTa privatizacia
1315 1371
2765
18101361
1881
1317983
716
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro
2002 wlis meore kvartalSi 136 mcire sawarmo gadavida kerZo mflobelobaSi.
privatizebul mcire sawarmoTa umetesoba vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis sferoebs
ganekuTvneba - Sesabamisad 33 da 44 procenti. statistikuri danarTis A6.2 cxrilSi
mocemuli regionaluri CamonaTvalis mixedviT, privatizebuli mcire sawarmoebis
31 procenti TbilisSia. regionaluri CamonaTvali gviCvenebs, rom 2002 wlis meore
kvartalSi regionebis umetesobaSi SeimCneoda progresi mcire sawarmoTa
privatizebaSi. aWaris avtonomiuri respublika kvlavac CamorCeba sxva regionebs
mcire sawarmoTa privatizebis mxriv, vinaidan 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi avtonomiur
respublikaSi arc erTi mcire sawarmo ar yofila privatizebuli.
cxrili 6.2: mcire privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.2: mcire privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.2: mcire privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT cxrili 6.2: mcire privatizacia seqtorebis mixedviT ((((sqms----s klasis klasis klasis klasifikaciiT), fikaciiT), fikaciiT), fikaciiT),
2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT
wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro
miuxedavad imisa, rom mcire sawarmoTa privartizeba ar niSnavs maT efeqtur
operirebas momavalSi, arsebuli meoradi bazari, rogorc Cans, sakmaod
funqcionirebadia rom uzrunvelyos sawarmoTa ufro efeqturi mepatroneebis xelSi
gadasvla. es aseve gazrdis konkurenciasac, rac Tavis mxriv saukeTeso gzaa
imisaTvis rom momxmareblisaTvis sasurveli saqonelisa da momsaxureobis miwodeba
minimaluri ekonomikuri danaxarjiT moxdes. momxmareblisaTvis Tavisufali
arCevanis arseboba saSualebas aZlevs sabazro faqtorebs mudmivi zewola
ganaxorcielon kompaniebis efeqturobis gazrdis TvalsazrisiT.
seqtoriseqtoriseqtoriseqtori damt ki c ebul idamt ki c ebul idamt ki c ebul idamt ki c ebul i pri vat i z ebul ipri vat iz ebul ipri vat iz ebul ipri vat iz ebul i
mTl i an ad mTl i an ad mTl i an ad mTl i an ad
pr i vat iz ebul i s pr i vat iz ebul i s pr i vat iz ebul i s pr i vat iz ebul i s
%%%%
pri vat iz ebul i pr i vat iz ebul i pr i vat iz ebul i pr i vat iz ebul i
2002 wel s2002 wels2002 wels2002 wels
mr ewvelobamr ewvelobamr ewvelobamr ewveloba 400 325 2.0 2
en erget i kaen erget i kaen erget i kaen erget i ka 72 81 0.5 1
pur produqt eb ipur produqt eb ipur produqt eb ipur produqt eb i 142 126 0.8 1
sofl i s meurn eoba da sursaTisofl i s meurn eoba da sursaTisofl i s meurn eoba da sursaTisofl i s meurn eoba da sursaTi 779 955 5.8 48
mS en eblobamS en eblobamS en eblobamS en ebloba 446 385 2.3 15
sac alo da sab iTumo vaWrobasac alo da sab iTumo vaWrobasac alo da sab iTumo vaWrobasac alo da sab iTumo vaWroba 4,709 5,502 33.4 69
sayofac xo vr ebo mo msaxur eb asayofac xo vr ebo mo msaxur eb asayofac xo vr ebo mo msaxur eb asayofac xo vr ebo mo msaxur eb a 5,614 7,283 44.3 113
n avTobproduqt ebin avTobproduqt ebin avTobproduqt ebin avTobproduqt ebi 172 174 1.1 -
j andac vaj andac vaj andac vaj andac va 804 638 3.9 12
soci aluri sferosoci aluri sferosoci aluri sferosoci aluri sfero 477 736 4.5 28
tran sportitran sportitran sportitran sporti 204 245 1.5 6
sulsulsulsul 13,819 16,450 100.0 295
Tavi meSvide. dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
54 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
umuSevrobis donis amsaxveli monacemebi ZiriTadad Seesabameba maCveneblebs
gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebisTvis, Tumca, isini ver asaxaven Sromis bazarze
arsebul araxelsayrel da arastabilur mdgomareobas. arasruli dasaqmeba, farTod
gavrcelebuli faruli da SeniRbuli umuSevroba kvlavac arsebobs da qveynaSi
saSualo xelfasebis done naxevarze metad Camouvardeba minimalur saarsebo dones
saSualo ojaxisaTvis. xangrZlivi umuSevroba iwvevs samuSao Zalis TandaTanobiT
Semcirebas. siRaribis mdgomareobas amZimebs Sromis bazris problemebi da sul
ufro matulobs im SinameurneobaTa ricxvi, romlebic ganicdian cxovrebis donis
kidev ufro gauaresebas. Sromisunariani mosaxleobis didi nawili arasrulad aris
dasaqmebuli an dausaqmebulia (umuSevarTa da samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili
muSakebis CaTvliT). kanonmdeblobaSi mocemuli ganmartebis gamo, soflad
umuSevrobis donis amsaxveli cifrebi ukiduresad dabalia, rac gavlenas axdens
umuSevrobis erovnuli donis amsaxvel cifrebze, romlebic sxvagvarad bevrad ufro
maRali iqneboda. Sromis bazarze Warbobs TviTdasaqmebis wili, xolo am
ukanasknelSi - TviTdasaqmeba soflis meurneobaSi, romelic mxolod saarsebo
minimums Tu uzrunvelyofs. daqiravebuli dasaqmebis wilad Sromisunariani asakis
muSakTa sul 20 procentamde modis da aqedan, 40 procentze meti aris samuSao
adgilebi sabiujeto organizaciebSi, sadac Zalian dabali xelfasebia. dasaqmebulTa
didi nawili (TvidasaqmebulTa CaTvliT) dakavebulia araformalur seqtorSi, sadac
samuSao adgilebis umetesoba arastabiluri da dabalanazRaurebadia.
umuSevroba
ssd-is mimdinare SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis1 regularuli kvartaluri
Sedegebi, registrirebuli umuSevrobis monacemebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic
uzrunvelyofs sakmaod saintereso da saerTaSoriso monacemebTan Seasadar
informacias2, erTaderTi saimedo wyaroa, romlis safuZvelzec SeiZleba gakeTdes
mosaxleobis ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa da Sromis bazarze mimdinare procesebis
analizi. aRniSnuli gamokvlevis Sedegebi Zalze mniSvnelovania Sromis bazarze,
dasaqmebasa da umuSevrobaSi, samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficientebSi, samuSao
Zalis miRma darCenili mosaxleobisa da SinameurneobaTa SemosavlebSi aRniSnuli
tendenciebisa da cvlilebebis Sefasebisas.
bolo periodSi ssd-ma SemoiRo axali kiTxvarebi mimdinare SinameurneobaTa
gamokvlevisTvis, romlebic ufro farTo da detaluria vidre is kiTxvarebi,
romlebsac aqamde iyenebdnen (2001 wlis meoTxe kvartlis CaTvliT). savaraudoa, rom
es kiTxvarebi ufro efeqturi da funqcionaluri iqneba, maTze dayrdnobiT analizis
1 mimdinare SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevas ssd awarmoebs 1996 wlis mesame kvartlidan, msoflio bankis finansuri mxardaWeriT da kanadis statistikis departamentTan erTad. 1998-1999 wlebSi ssd awarmoebda samuSao Zalis gamokvlevas, Sso-sa da gaeros ganviTarebis programis daxmarebiT da im periodis monacemebi eyrdnoba samuSao Zalis gamokvlevis cifrebs (ix. statistikuri danarTis cxrili A7.1). 2 SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebis gaangariSeba xdeba Sso-s principebze, meTodoligiasa da ganmartebebze dayrdnobiT da amdenad, eqvemdebareba Sedarebas saerTaSoriso monacemebTan. magaliTad, Sso-s ganmartebis Tanaxmad, dasaqmebulad iTvleba is vinc ganxilvis periodSi (erTi kvira) Tundac erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 55
gakeTebis TvalsazrisiT. marTalia, 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis Sedegebis
Sesagroveblad axali kiTxvarebis SemoRebam daagviana monacemTa damuSaveba, magram,
rogorc axali kiTxvarebi gviCvenebs, SinameurneobaTa gamokvleva ufro farTo
moculobis iqneba, vidre adre. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamokvlevis monacemebi kvlavac
yovlismomcveli ar iqneba da, rom im meTodologiis Sesabamisad, romelsac mTel
msoflioSi iyeneben, gamokvleva ar iTvaliswinebs anazRaurebis odenobas, axla igi
bevrad ufro srul informacias uzrunvelyofs araformalur seqtorSi
dasaqmebulTa, meoradi dasaqmebis, kompaniis zomis, samuSaos stabilurobis,
arasruli ganakveTiT dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis Sesaxeb.
cxrili 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi 2000 w. I kv. cxrili 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi 2000 w. I kv. cxrili 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi 2000 w. I kv. cxrili 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi 2000 w. I kv. –––– 2001 w. IV kv. 2001 w. IV kv. 2001 w. IV kv. 2001 w. IV kv.
(aTasi kaci)
e k o n o m i k u r i s t a t u s ie k o n o m i k u r i s t a t u s ie k o n o m i k u r i s t a t u s ie k o n o m i k u r i s t a t u s i2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w .
I k v .I k v .I k v .I k v .
2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w .
I I k v .I I k v .I I k v .I I k v .
2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w .
I I I k v .I I I k v .I I I k v .I I I k v .
2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w . 2 0 0 1 w .
IV k v .IV k v .IV k v .IV k v .
s ul , 1 5 w e l z e u f r o s i a s a k i s s ul , 1 5 w e l z e u f r o s i a s a k i s s ul , 1 5 w e l z e u f r o s i a s a k i s s ul , 1 5 w e l z e u f r o s i a s a k i s
m o s a xl e o b am o s a xl e o b am o s a xl e o b am o s a xl e o b a3 , 2 7 73 , 2 7 73 , 2 7 73 , 2 7 7 3 , 2 6 93 , 2 6 93 , 2 6 93 , 2 6 9 3 , 1 3 93 , 1 3 93 , 1 3 93 , 1 3 9 3 , 0 8 33 , 0 8 33 , 0 8 33 , 0 8 3
e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul
(s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 1 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 1 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 1 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 1 )2 , 0 6 62 , 0 6 62 , 0 6 62 , 0 6 6 2 , 1 9 72 , 1 9 72 , 1 9 72 , 1 9 7 2 , 1 4 42 , 1 4 42 , 1 4 42 , 1 4 4 2 , 0 4 82 , 0 4 82 , 0 4 82 , 0 4 8
e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul e k o n o m i k u r a d a q t i u r i m o s a xl e o b a , s ul
(s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 2 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 2 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 2 )( s a m u S a o Z al a ) ( 2 )2 , 1 9 52 , 1 9 52 , 1 9 52 , 1 9 5 2 , 3 1 42 , 3 1 42 , 3 1 42 , 3 1 4 2 , 2 4 62 , 2 4 62 , 2 4 62 , 2 4 6 2 , 1 6 52 , 1 6 52 , 1 6 52 , 1 6 5
d a s a q m e b ul i d a s a q m e b ul i d a s a q m e b ul i d a s a q m e b ul i 1 , 8 1 81 , 8 1 81 , 8 1 81 , 8 1 8 1 , 9 4 41 , 9 4 41 , 9 4 41 , 9 4 4 1 , 9 1 31 , 9 1 31 , 9 1 31 , 9 1 3 1 , 8 3 81 , 8 3 81 , 8 3 81 , 8 3 8
d aq ir av eb ul i 681 6 7 2 6 36 6 30
T v iTd asaq m e b ul i 1, 0 34 1, 189 1, 19 4 1, 12 7
u m u S e v a r i ( 1 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 1 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 1 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 1 ) 2 4 82 4 82 4 82 4 8 2 5 3 . 12 5 3 . 12 5 3 . 12 5 3 . 1 2 3 0 . 82 3 0 . 82 3 0 . 82 3 0 . 8 2 1 0 . 52 1 0 . 52 1 0 . 52 1 0 . 5
u m u S e v a r i ( 2 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 2 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 2 ) u m u S e v a r i ( 2 ) 3 7 73 7 73 7 73 7 7 3 6 9 .93 6 9 .93 6 9 .93 6 9 .9 3 3 2 . 83 3 2 . 83 3 2 . 83 3 2 . 8 3 2 7 . 33 2 7 . 33 2 7 . 33 2 7 . 3
u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 1 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 1 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 1 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 1 ) 1 2 . 01 2 . 01 2 . 01 2 . 0 1 1 . 51 1 . 51 1 . 51 1 . 5 1 0 . 81 0 . 81 0 . 81 0 . 8 1 0 . 31 0 . 31 0 . 31 0 . 3
u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 2 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 2 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 2 )u m u S e v r o b i s d o n e ( pr o c e n t i ) ( 2 ) 1 7 . 21 7 . 21 7 . 21 7 . 2 1 6 .01 6 .01 6 .01 6 .0 1 4 . 81 4 . 81 4 . 81 4 . 8 1 5 . 11 5 . 11 5 . 11 5 . 1 wyaro: ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebi
SeniSvnebi: (1 ) Sso-s standartiT (an “mkacri” kriteriumiT), "imedgacruebul" muSakTa ricxvis gareSe
(2 ) Sso-s ,,Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT, "imedgacruebul" muSakTa ricxvis CaTvliT
sem-is am gamoSvebaze muSaobis dros, 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis SinameurneobaTa
gamokvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi ar iyo.
ufro detaluri cxrili da 1998-2000 w.w. cifrebi ixileT statistikuri danarTis
cxrilSi A7.1.
monacemebi 2001 wlisTvis yvelaze bolo xelmisawvdomi monacemebia. wina welTan
SedarebiT, umuSevrobis erovnuli donis kvartaluri monacemebi 2001 wels mkveTrad
ar Secvlila (ix. statistikuri danarTis cxrili A7.1). 2001 wlis bolos3,
umuSevrobis erovnuli maCvenebeli 10,3 procenti iyo “mkacri” standartiT da
15,1 procenti – “Serbilebuli” meTodiT. erTaderTi sxvaoba Sso-s ori gansxvavebuli
Sefasebis kriteriumebis mixedviT gaangariSebul umuSevrobis maCveneblebs Soris,
mdgomareobs imaSi, aqtiurad eZeben umuSevrebi samuSaos Tu ara, Tumca, rogorc
umuSevari samuSaos maZieblebi, aseve “imedgacruebuli” muSakebic “dausaqmebeli”
arian. vinaidan “Sromis bazris nakadebis” Sesaxeb statistikuri monacemebi ar
arsebobs, praqtikuli dakvirvebis safuZvelze SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom
“dausaqmeblebi” migrireben umuSevarTa or kategorias Soris. Tumca, rac ufro didi
3 sem-is am gamocemaze muSaobis dros, 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebi jer xelmisawvdomi ar iyo.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
56 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
iqneba sxvaoba am or kategorias Soris, miT ufro didi iqneba samuSao Zalis miRma
darCenil adamianTa ricxvi mocemuli periodisTvis. gaangariSebis or kriteriums
Soris arsebuli sxvaoba, bolo ori wlisTvis, sakmaod didia da meryeobs 4 da
6 procentul punqts Soris. mudmivad didi sxvaoba, Cveulebriv, xangrZlivi
umuSevrobisa da Sromis bazarze mZime mdgomareobis amsaxvelia – rodesac
umuSevrebi ar eZeben samuSaos radgan ar sjeraT, rom samuSao, romelic maT
SeiZleba iSovon, aqtiur Zebnad Rirs.
zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti, romelic
bolo wlebSi meryeobs 63-68 procents Soris, sakmaod maRali Cans (66,4 procenti
2001 wlis bolos). Tumca, igi ar asaxavs arasruli dasaqmebis maRal procents,
dabal anazRaurebas da sapensio asakis muSakTa did ricxvs, romlebic iZuylebulni
arian aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon Sromis bazarze, raTa TavianTi mwiri pensiebis
erTgvari kompensacia moaxdinon. soflad umuSevrobis xelovnurad daqveiTebuli
maCvenebeli erT-erTi faqtoria, romelic xels uwyobs imas, rom “mkacri” standartiT
gaangariSebuli umuSevrobis erovnuli maCvenebeli SedarebiT dabalia, monawileobis
koeficinti ki SedarebiT maRali. soflad umuSevrobis dabali maCvenebeli aixsneba
soflis meurneobaSi metwilad Teoriuli4 Tvidsaqmebis Warbi wiliT: 2001 wlis
meoTxe kvartlis bolos, soflad umuSevrobis maCvenebeli iyo 2,9 procenti Sso-s
“mkacri” standartiT da 6 procenti – Sso-s “Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT. rogorc
yovelTvis, qalaqad umuSevrobis maCvenebeli bevrad aRemateba soflad umuSevrobis
maCvenebels: 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartlis bolos, Sesabamisad 20,7 da 27,3 procenti
“mkacri” da “Serbilebuli” standartebiT.
saxelmwifo dasaqmebis samsaxuris reorganizaciis procesSi, adre
registrirebuli umuSevrebi 2002 wlis dasawyisidan xelaxal registracias gadian.
ssd-s Tviuri angariSis mixedviT, pirveli agvistos mdgomareobiT, registrirebuli
iyo 27,800 umuSevari, rac Sesabamisad “mkacri” da “Serbilebuli” standartebiT
gaangariSebuli maCveneblebis, daaxloebiT 12 da 8 procentia. xelaxali
registraciis dawyebamde, registrirebul umuSevarTa ricxvi TandaTanobiT
klebulobda da 2001 wlis bolosTvis 109,400 kacamde daeca. aSkaraa, rom umuSevrobis
daxmareba TveSi 14 lari (daaxloebiT 6 aSS dolari), romelic umuSevrobis mxolod
pirveli eqvsi Tvis manZilze gaicema da amasTan, samuSaos Sovnis uimedo perspeqtiva
susti stimulia umuSevrobis xelaxali registraciis proceduris gasavlelad. unda
vivaraudoT, rom isini, vinc gadis registracias, yvelaze gaWirvebuli,
sasowarkveTili da imedgacruebuli samuSaos maZieblebi arian, romelTac samuSaos
Sovnis sxva Sansi ara aqvT.
maSin roca umuSevrebi, romlebic daculi ar arian umuSevrobis normaluri
sadazRvevo sistemebiT an sxva formis daxmarebiT, romelic Tundac saarsebo
minimums uzrunvelyofs, riskis winaSe dganan rogorc ekonomikuri, aseve socialuri
TvalsazrisiT: umuSevrobis xangrZlivi periodebis Sedegad, umuSevars Semosavlis
dakargvis garda umcirdeba aseve samuSaoze mowyobis albaTobac. samuSao praqtikis
gareSe darCenis Sedegad, muSaki kvalifikaciasTan erTad kargavs xelmisawvdomi
4 dasaqmebis Sesaxeb kanonis Tanaxmad, Tundac 1 heqtari sameurneo miwis mflobeli da misi ojaxis wevrebi TviTdasaqmebulebad iTvlebian. sinamdvileSi, marTalia sasoflo-sameurneo savarguli soflad SinameurneobaTa Semosavlis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens da sasicocxlo minimumiT uzrunvelyofs, bevri soflis macxovrebeli, gansakuTrebiT ki isini, visac arc Tu ise didi nakveTi aqvT da visac saSualeba ara aqvs daamuSaon TavianTi nakveTi, saarsebo minimumis uzrunvelyofasac Zlivs axerxeben.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 57
samuSao adgilebis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebis saSualebasac, rasac sabolood,
mohyveba socialuri izolireba da gariyva. xangrZlivad umuSevrebis dasaqmebis
SesaZleblobis gazrda da maTi reintegrireba Sromis bazarze gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania da moiTxovs specialuri RonisZiebebisa da programebis
ganxorcielebas, vinaidan am qronikuli problemis rogorc ekonomikurma, aseve
socialurma aspeqtebma kolosalur masStabebs miaRwia.
dasaqmeba
gasuli ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi dasaqmebis struqtura xasiaTdeboda
daqiravebuli dasaqmebis xvedriTi wilis TandaTanobiT klebiT da TviTdasaqmebis
stabiluri matebiT. aSkaraa tendencia, romlis Tanaxmadac TviTdasaqmebis wili
Warbobs rogorc mTlian dasaqmebaSi aseve samuSao ZalaSi rogorc pirveladi, aseve
meoradi saqmianobis mixedviT: 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, igi Seadgenda pirvelis
61 procentze mets, xolo meoris - daaxloebiT 55 procents (ix. cxrili A7.1 da
statistikuri danarTis cxrili A7.1). mimdinare SinameurneobaTa kvlevis Zveli
kiTxvarebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic gansazRvravda TviTdasaqmebas mxolod
rogorc ZiriTad saqminobas, axlad SemoRebuli kiTxvarebi SesaZlebels gaxdis,
momaval SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis SedegebSi TviTdasaqmebis asaxvas, rogorc
damatebiTi saxis saqmianobas.
TviTdasaqmebis didi wili miuTiTebs Sromis bazris araxelsayrel mdgomareobaze,
sadac matulobs im adamianTa ricxvi, romlebic dausaqmebeli arian an dakavebuli
arian dabalanazRaurebadi, araproduqtiuli da arastabiluri saqmianobiT
araformalur seqtorSi. TviTdasaqmebaSi Warbobs soflis meurneobaSi
TviTdasaqmebis wili - rogorc zemoT ganvmarteT, es winaswar gansazRvruli
statusia – Tumca, aseTi saxis saqmianoba, ZiriTadad, mxolod saarsebo minimums
uzrunvelyofs. 2001 wlis bolos, soflis meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebis wilma TiTqmis
84 procents miaRwia. ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemTa Tanaxmad,
2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi soflis meurneobaSi TviTasaqmebulTa 58 procenti
ojaxur sawarmoSi usasyidlod momuSave iyo. aRniSnuli kategoriis soflis
macxovrebelTa udidesi nawili, romelmac 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi,
TviTdasaqmebulTa saerTo raodenobis TiTqmis naxevari, saerTo dasaqmebis 39
procenti5 da saerTo samuSao Zalis 35 procenti Seadgina, savaraudod siRaribis
riskis winaSe dgas.
maSin roca, rogorc zemoT ganvixileT, TviTdasaqmebulTa didi armiis udidesi
nawili soflad TviTdasaqmebulia da savaraudod, saarsebo minimumze mets ver
Soulobs, arasoflis meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebulTa didi nawili - 90 procentze
meti (TviTdasaqmebulTa saerTo ricxvis 16 procenti) – e.w. “individualurad
momuSave TviTdasaqmebulebi” arian, anu TviTdasaqmebulebi romelTac daqiravebuli
muSakebi ara hyavT da ar arian mewileebi an kooperativebis wevrebi. individualurad
momuSave TviTdasaqmebulTa wili saerTo dasaqmebis TiTqmis 12 procents Seadgens.
5 ganviTarebuli ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi, saojaxo sawarmoebSi usasyidlod momuSaveTa wili dasaqmebaSi, rogorc wesi, Zalze dabalia da 0-dan 4 procentamde Seadgens. (“2001-2002 ww. Sromis bazris mTavari maCveneblebi”, Sso).
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
58 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
isini saarsebo minimumis mopovebasac Zlivs axerxeben. maSasadame, TviTdasaqmebulTa
udidesi nawili, romelic saerTo dasaqmebis did wils Seadgens da romlis xarjzec
umuSevrobis maCvenebeli SedarebiT dabalia, rogorc Cans, sxvadasxva donis
siRaribeSi cxovrobs. unda vivaraudoT, rom qalaqad umuSevrebi, arasrulad
dasaqmebulebi da saojaxo sawarmoSi usasyidlod momuSaveebi, romelTac saerTod
ar gaaCniaT sameurneo miwis nakveTi, gacilebiT ufro mZime mdgomareobaSi imyofebian,
vidre Raribi mosaxleoba soflad. soflad siRaribisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic
ufro fuladi Semosavlebis naklebobasTan aris dakavSirebuli, qalaqad siRaribe
dakavSirebulia arasakmaris kvebasTan. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, umuSevrobis
erovnuli maCvenebeli da monawileobis koeficientis cifrebi srulad ver asaxaven
mosaxleobis siRaribis realur dones.
Tvidasaqmebisgan gansxvavebiT, daqiravebiT dasaqmeba klebulobs. 2001 wlis meoTxe
kvartalSi, xelfasze momuSaveTa wilad saerTo dasaqmebis 34 procenti modioda6.
Statebis Semcirebebma saxelmwifo seqtorSi, romlis wili, 2001 wlis meoTxe
kvartalSi, dasaqmebis 66 procents Seadgenda, da axali investiciebis naklebobis
Sedegad kerZo seqtorSi arasakmarisi odenobis samuSao adgilebis Seqmnam xeli
Seuwyo daqiravebuli dasaqmebis daRmavlobis tendenciis ganviTarebas. Tumca, raoden
sakvirvelic ar unda iyos, samuSao adgilebi saxelmwifo sawarmoebsa da
organizaciebSi kvlavac, pirobiTad, “stabilur dasaqmebad” aris miCneuli.
rogorc ssd-s SinameurneobaTa kvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, Sso-s ganmartebis
Tanaxmad, dasaqmebulTa da TviTdasaqmebulTa sarTo raodenobis 39 procenti
soflad saojaxo sawarmoSi usasyidlod momuSaveebia, 16 procentamde sabiujeto
organizaciebis muSakebi da 12 procenti arasoflis meurneobaSi individulaurad
momuSave TviTdasaqmebulebi arian. maSasadame, dasaqmebulTa sul mcire 67 procenti
momuSave Raribebi arian.
dasaqmebis modelebi icvleba: matulobs nawilobrivi da droebiTi dasaqmeba.
daqiravebiT dasaqmebis arsebiTi wili warmodgenilia e.w. “gareSe jgufebis”7 saxiT,
rac momuSaveTa arasruli datvirTvisa da arasruli dasaqmebis maCvenebelia. erTis
mxriv, farTod gavrcelebuli iZulebiTi (arasasurveli) nawilobrivi dasaqmeba da
araregularuli droebiTi samuSao miuTiTebs imaze rom adamianebi cdiloben
moergon samuSao Zalis dabali moTxovnis pirobebs da urCevniaT droebiT samuSaoze
daTanxmdnen, vidre saerTod ar imuSaon. meores mxriv, droebiTi samuSao adgilebi
xSirad is gzaa romliTac Sromis bazarze xvdebian isini, visac jer Sromis bazarze
monawileoba ar mouRia. Tumca, Cveulebriv, maTi profesiuli winsvlis perspeqtivebi
da konkurentunarianoba Sromis bazarze SezRudulia. nawilobrivi dasaqmeba da
droebiTi samuSao umeteswilad dabali xarisxis dasaqmebaa sruldasaqmebasTan
SedarebiT, anazRaurebis, daxmarebebis, uzrunvelyofisa da samuSao adgilze
kvalifikaciis amaRlebis mxriv8.
6 ganviTarebuli ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi, saerTo dasaqmebaSi daqiravebul muSakTa wili 80-90 procentamdec ki aRwevs. (“2001-2002 ww. Sromis bazris mTavari maCveneblebi”, Sso). 7 “garedan mowveuli jgufebi” arian droebiTi kontraqtis safuZvelze daqiravebuliebi, garedan mowveuli subkontraqtorebi da moklevadiani muSakebi. 8 “drois faqtorTan dakavSirebuli arasruli dasaqmeba” exeba dasaqmebul adamianTa ricxvs, romlebsac "ganxilvis periodSi arasakmarisi odenobiT aqvT dagrovili samuSao saaTebi”. (“2001-2002 ww. Sromis bazris mTavari maCveneblebi”, Sso). Sromis bazris statistikosTa me-16-e konferenciaze miRebuli rezolucia (Jeneva, 1998 w.) arasruli da araadeqvaturi dasaqmebis amsaxveli mdgomareobis SefasebasTan dakavSirebiT, iyenebs termins “xiluli arasruli dasaqmeba”.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 59
nnnnax.7.1: dasaqmebis maCveneblebi 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobisTvis, 2001 w. IVkv.ax.7.1: dasaqmebis maCveneblebi 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobisTvis, 2001 w. IVkv.ax.7.1: dasaqmebis maCveneblebi 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobisTvis, 2001 w. IVkv.ax.7.1: dasaqmebis maCveneblebi 15 wels zemoT mosaxleobisTvis, 2001 w. IVkv.
umuSevari
7%
TviT-
dasaqmebuli
38%
kerZo
seqtorSi
dasaqmebuli
7%
saxelmwifo
seqtorSi
dasaqmebuli
14%
samuSao
Zalis gareT
34%
wyaro: ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebi
SeniSvna: samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili mosaxleobis wili mocemulia Sso-s “mkacri” standartiT
Sefasebis mixedviT, anu “imedgacruebul” muSakTa ricxvis CaTvliT.
15 wlis asakis zemoT mosaxleobis didi nawili ekonomikuri statusis
mixedviT or umsxviles jgufad iyofa: TviTdasaqmebulTa wili 38 procents
Seadgenda, xolo samuSao Zalis miRma darCenili mosaxleoba - 34 procents.
umuSevarTa wili (Sso-s “mkacri standartiT) ucvleli rCeboda wlis ganmavlobaSi
da 7 procents Seadgenda. saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebulTagan, 66 procentze meti
muSaobda sabiujeto organizaciebSi, sadac dabali anazRaureba hqondaT da imis gamo
rom am dabal anazRaurebasac arasistematurad iRebdnen, iZulebuli iyo ojaxis
rCenis mizniT sxva, damatebiTi samuSao eZebna. kerZo seqtorSi samuSao adgilebis
umravlesoba, msxvili kompaniebis gamoklebiT, arastabiluri da
dabalanazRaurebadia: savaraudod aseTi samuSao adgilebis umetesoba araformalur
seqtorSia.
formaluri seqtorisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic stagnaciasa da klebas
ganicdis, araformaluri seqtori dinamiuri da mzardia. maSin rodesac, formaluri
seqtori arasakmarisad swrafad izrdeba imisaTvis, rom xelmisawvdomi samuSao Zala
daasaqmos, araformaluri seqtori agrZelebs gafarToebas. vinaidan araformaluri
seqtoris masStabebis gansazRvra Znelia, gansxvavebuli ganmartebebisa da
SezRuduli monacemebis gamo, araformaluri seqtoris masStabebisa da zrdis Sesaxeb
zusti monacemebis mopoveba SeuZlebelia. dResdReobiT, araformaluri seqtori
umTavresad moqmedebs rogorc “post-Sokuri Terapia”, romelic dasaqmebiT
uzrunvelyofs formaluri seqtoridan wamosuli muSakebis did ricxvs da Sromis
bazarze Semsvlelebs. araformaluri seqtori dasaqmebis mTavari wyaroa im
muSakebisTvis, romlebic Sromis bazarze SedarebiT araxelsayrel pirobebSi
imyofebian (magaliTad, arakvalificirebuli, naxevrad kvalificirebuli, pensionerebi
da invalidebi). maSin roca zogjer sakmaod rTulia wminda araformaluri da wminda
formaluri dasaqmebis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna, “araformaluri Sromis bazris”
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
60 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
koncefcia aSkarad dakavSirebulia armonawileobis cnebasTan sagadasaxado da
socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebSi da maregulirebeli moTxovnebis
SeusruleblobasTan. araformalur seqtorSi, Cveulebriv, adamianTa sami tipi
monawileobs: araformaluri seqtoris firmebSi an registrirebul firmebSi
aralegalurad momuSave adamianebi, mcire mewarmeebi da TviTdasaqmebulebi.
praqtikuli dakvirvebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs rom, araformaluri seqtoris saqmianobis
masStabi qalaqebSi, romelzec Cveulebriv qalaqad dasaqmebis mniSvnelovani wili
modis, moicavs vaWrobis, warmoebis, momsaxurebis, mSeneblobisa da transportis
sferoebs.
samuSao adgilebis umravlesoba, gansakuTrebiT qalaqebSi, araformalur
seqtorSi iqmneba. araformaluri ekonomika, romelSic, iseve rogorc mTlian
dasaqmebaSi, Warbobs TviTdasaqmeba, warmodgenilia ZiriTadad araaRricxuli,
araregistrirebuli da mcire-masStabiani saqmianobiT. arasruli dasaqmeba farTodaa
gavrcelebuli. dasaqmebulTa umetesoba dakavebulia Sromis bazris
dabalanazRaurebad da daucvel seqtorebSi da muSaobs cud pirobebSi. stabiluri
xangrZlivi da sruli ganakveTis samuSao adgilebi iSviaTadaa xelmisawvdomi,
rogorc formalur aseve araformalur seqtorSic. faruli da SeniRbuli
umuSevroba farTodaa gavrcelebuli. mzardi xangrZlivi umuSevroba Sedegad iwvevs
samuSao Zalis ricxvis klebas da amitom, umuSevrobis donec areralurad dabalia.
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis maCveneblebi srulad ver asaxaven realuri mdgomareobis
mTel simZimes, vinaidan Sso-s umuSevarTa ricxvis gaangariSebis meTodologia
ugulvelyofs Sromis anazRaurebis odenobas da mis Sesabamisobas saarsebo
minimumTan.
mTavrobis mier, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis daxmarebiT, SemuSavebuli
siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis programis proeqti (PREGP)9 Semdeg
mTavar miznebs isaxavs: siRaribis daZleva ekonomikuri zrdis xelSewyobis xarjze,
rasac Sedegad mohyveba axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmna; cxovrebis donis amaRleba;
da qveynis ganviTarebis procesSi yvela moqalaqis monawileobis uzrunvelyofa.
siRaribis daZlevis sakiTxis srulad da efeqturad gadaWra, rac PREGP-is mTavar
mizans warmoadgens, SeuZlebelia grZelvadiani perspeqtivis gaTvaliswinebis da
axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis gareSe, rac Tavis mxriv, moiTxovs qveynis
sainvesticio klimatis gaumjobesebas da mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebas.
xelfasebi
ssd-s SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis monacemebis Tanaxmad, daqiravebul muSakTa
saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi mTeli qveynis masStabiT 2001 wlis meoTxe
kvartalSi 98 lars Seadgenda. 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, saSualo Tviuri
xelfasi oTxsuliani ojaxis saarsebo minimumis 45 procents Seadgenda.
9 PREGP-is programis SemuSavebis samTavrobo komisiis samdivno amJamad muSaobs PREGP-is programis saboloo dokumentze.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 61
2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi10, sabiujeto organizaciebis11 muSakTa xelfasi
(daqiravebul muSakTa 43 procentze meti) TveSi, saSualod, 58,5 lars Seadgenda.
prezidentis gankargulebis Tanaxmad, 1999 wels, oTxwliani intervalis Semdeg,
minimaluri xelfasis cneba xelaxla iqna SemoRebuli da aRniSnuli kategoriis
daqiravebul muSakTa xelfasebi 20-66 laris farglebSi meryeobds. saxelmwifo
sawarmoebisa da dawesebulebebis muSakTa saSualo Tviuri xelfasebi (daqiravebul
muSakTa 22 procentze meti) 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, 107,4 lars Seadgenda. kerZo
seqtoris muSakTa anazRaureba (muSakTa kidev erTi kategoria, romlis wili TiTqmis
29 procents Seadgens) TveSi saSualod 11 lari iyo. e.w. “sxva kategoriis”
daqiravebul muSakTa (daaxloebiT 3 procenti) saSualo Tviuri xelfasi 106,9 lars
Seadgenda; daqiravebul muSakTa mxolod 2 procentze odnav mets - ucxouri
organizaciebisa da erToblivi sawarmoebis muSakebs - saSualo Tviuri xelfasi
474,4 laris odenobiT hqonda.
yvelaze maRali saSualo Tviuri xelfasebi hqondaT tramnsportisa da
kavSirgabmulobis seqtoris muSakebs (154,4 lari), samSeneblo seqtoris muSakebs
(141,7 lari) da eleqtroenergiis, bunebrivi airisa da wyalmomaragebis seqtoris
muSakebs (131,8 lari). rogorc yovelTvis, yvelaze dabali xelfasebi hqondaT
ganaTlebis (62,3 lari) da jandacvis (59,8 lari) seqtorebis muSakebs. pirveli sami
seqtoris wili, romlebic SedarebiT maRali xelfasebiT xasiaTdeboda, daqiravebul
muSakTa saerTo ricxvis 23,5 procents, xolo danarCeni ori seqtoris wili, sadac
yvelaze dabali xelfasebia, 32,5 procents Seadgenda. xelfasebi im seqtorebSi, sadac
dakavebulia daqiravebul muSakTa danarCeni 44 procenti, meryeobda 84,2-145,3 laris
farglebSi.
saxelmwifo seqtoris muSakTa xelfasebi (daqiravebul muSakTa 65 procenti)
iseve rogorc kerZo seqtoris muSakTa didi nawilisa, kvlavac bevrad Camouvardeba
saarsebo minimums. maSin roca qalaqad, daqiravebiT dasaqmeba SinameurneobaTa
Semosavlis mTavar wyarod rCeba, igi iseTive arastabiluria, rogorc qveynaSi
SinameurneobaTa Semosavlis nebismieri sxva wyaro. xSiria xelfasis gadauxdelobis
SemTxvevebi, rac iwvevs sabiujeto davalianebis dagrovebas. amas emateba isic, rom
inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, xelfasebi izrdeba mxolod nominalur gamosaxulebaSi.
minimaluri saarsebo done
1999 wlis agvistoSi mTavrobis mier miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba
“gaangariSebis meTodSi cvlilebebis Setanisa da minimaluri saarsebo donis
gaangariSebis Taobaze” da agreTve, prezidentis dadgenilebis proeqti “saarsebo
minimumis gansazRvrisa da gamoyenebis Sesaxeb”. miuxedavad imisa, rom ssd-s saarsebo
minimumis donis gaangariSebis axali meTodi ukve mzad aqvs da qveyndeba rogorc
“alternatiuli” saarsebo minimumi, dResac grZeldeba 90-ian wlebSi SemoRebuli
Zveli meTodis gamoyeneba da misi gamoqveyneba rogorc “oficialuri” minimumi.
marTalia, aRniSnuli meTodebidan romeli ukeT asaxavs realur kalaTas, romelic
uzrunvelyofs mizanSewonil saarsebo minimums, SeiZleba sakamaTo sakiTxia, magram
10 sem-s momzadebis periodSi SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis Sedegebi 2002 wlis pirveli kvartlisTvis xelmisawvdomi ar iyo. 11 sabiujeto organizacia ewodeba saxelmwifo organizacias, romlis dafinanseba saxelmwifo biujetis subsidiebiT xdeba.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
62 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
naTelia, rom axali “alternatiuli” meTodis safuZvelze gaangariSebuli
minimaluri saarsebo doneebi ufro axlosaa qveyanaSi saSualo xelfasis doneebTan,
anu “oficialuri” done bevrad dabalia. Tu ki 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, Zveli
“oficialuri” meTodis Tanaxmad, saSualo Tviuri xelfasis wili oTxsuliani
ojaxis saarsebo minimumSi 48 procents Seadgenda, axali “alternatiuli” meTodiT
gaangariSebul saarsebo minimumSi es wili 77 procentamde iqneboda. ssd-s
gamokvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom qveynis masStabiT daqiravebul muSakTa
76 procentis anazRaureba, 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi, oTxsuliani ojaxisTvis
“alternatiuli” meTodiT gaangariSebul saarsebo minimumze dabali iyo (127,8 lari).
oTxsuliani ojaxisTvis TveSi daaxloebiT 60 aSS dolaris eqvivalenturi TanxiT
Tavis rCena ioli amocana ar aris. Tumca, oTxsuliani ojaxi, sadac mxolod erTi
wevri muSaobs danarCenebi ki mis kmayofaze arian, yvelaze gaWirvebul ojaxTa
kategorias ar miekuTvneba da, Sesabamisad, mas ar ekuTvnis saxelmwifo socialuri
daxmareba (ix. qvemoT), vinaidan am kategoriaSi mosaxvedrad, ojaxi unda Sesdgebodes
mxolod umuSevari pensionerebisgan da/an oboli bavSvebisgan.
cxrili 7.2: minimaluri saarsebo doneebi, 2001 w. I kv. cxrili 7.2: minimaluri saarsebo doneebi, 2001 w. I kv. cxrili 7.2: minimaluri saarsebo doneebi, 2001 w. I kv. cxrili 7.2: minimaluri saarsebo doneebi, 2001 w. I kv. –––– 2002 w. II kv. 2002 w. II kv. 2002 w. II kv. 2002 w. II kv.
(lari)
oficialuri saarsebo minimumioficialuri saarsebo minimumioficialuri saarsebo minimumioficialuri saarsebo minimumi alternatiuli saarsebo miminumi*alternatiuli saarsebo miminumi*alternatiuli saarsebo miminumi*alternatiuli saarsebo miminumi* saarsebo minimumi saarsebo minimumi saarsebo minimumi saarsebo minimumi
periodis periodis periodis periodis
bolosTvisbolosTvisbolosTvisbolosTvis
SromisSromisSromisSromis----
unariani unariani unariani unariani
mamakacismamakacismamakacismamakacis----
TvisTvisTvisTvis
saSualo saSualo saSualo saSualo
momxmarebmomxmarebmomxmarebmomxmareb----
lisTvislisTvislisTvislisTvis
oTxsuliani oTxsuliani oTxsuliani oTxsuliani
ojaxisTviojaxisTviojaxisTviojaxisTvissss
SromisuSromisuSromisuSromisu----
nariani nariani nariani nariani
mamakacismamakacismamakacismamakacis----
TvisTvisTvisTvis
saSualo saSualo saSualo saSualo
momxmarebmomxmarebmomxmarebmomxmareb----
lisTvislisTvislisTvislisTvis
oTxsuliani oTxsuliani oTxsuliani oTxsuliani
ojaxisTvisojaxisTvisojaxisTvisojaxisTvis
2001 w. I kv. 115,8 101,6 201,6 73,8 65,4 123,9
2001 w. II kv. 119,2 104,5 207,3 77,3 68,5 129,6
2001 w. III kv. 113,9 100,0 198,2 74,0 65,5 124,1
2001 w. IV kv. 118,0 103,5 205,2 76,2 67,5 127,8
2002 w. I kv. 124.8 109.5 217.2 79.7 70.5 133.7
2002 w. II kv. 125,4 110,0 218,1 - - -
wyaro: ssd-s yovelTviuri angariSebi
socialuri politika da socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema
mosaxleobis udides nawils, araformalur muSakTa, TviTdasaqmebulTa da
umuSevarTa CaTvliT, iseve rogorc maTi ojaxis wevrebs, aranairi socialuri dacva
ar gaaCniaT saerTod da daxmareba, romelsac socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema
iTvaliswinebs, mxolod simboluria. saxelmwifo socialuri dacvis sistema Zireul
restruqturizacias saWiroebs imisaTvis, rom Seiqmnas ekonomikurad
sicocxlisunariani, xelmisawvdomi da Tanabari socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema,
romelic uzrunvelyofs siRaribis warmatebiT daZlevas, da gansakuTrebiT, yvelaze
gaWirvebuli mosaxleobis daxmarebas. araadeqvaturi sapensio daxmarebis pirobebSi,
xandazmul asakSi myofi mosaxleobis siRaribis daZleva metad mniSvnelovania.
amJamad, socialuri politika da reformebi siRaribis daZlevisa da
ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli programis erT-erT mTavar prioritets warmoadgens da
mTavrobis mier grZelvadian amocanad aris miCneuli. siRaribis daZlevisa da
ekonomikuri zrdis programis mTavari miznebia siRaribis aRmofxvra ekonomikuri
zrdis xelSewyobis xarjze, rasac Sedegad mohyveba axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmna;
cxovrebis donis amaRleba; da qveynis ganviTarebis procesSi yvela moqalaqis
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 63
monawileobis uzrunvelyofa. PREGP-is Tanaxmad, saWiroa mizanmimarTuli
socialuri dacvis meqanizmebis ganviTareba, daucveli mosaxxleobis maqsimalurad
didi ricxvis dasafaravad. PREGP-iT gaTvaliswinebuli sapensio sistemis reforma,
ganxorcielebis procesSia da gamiznulia sadazRvevo principebze dafuZnebuli
qmediTunariani, mraval-safexuriani sapensio sistemis SemoRebaze.
2002 wlis 7 aprilis prezidentis brZanebuleba “saqarTvelos socialuri
ganviTarebis koncefciis realizaciis pirveli rigis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb”
iTvaliswinebs RonisZiebebs, romlebic unda gatardes SromiTi urTierTobebis
daregulirebis, samuSao Zalis efeqturad gamoyenebisa da dasaqmebis mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebis mizniT da aseve, sapensio sistemis gaumjobesebisa da am sferoSi
saxelmwifo programebis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis. aRniSnuli
gankargulebis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis rTuli ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gamosworeba
umniSvnelovanes amocanad aris miCneuli.
saxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebasaxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebasaxelmwifo socialuri daxmarebasaxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba
2002 wlis 26 martis prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, 2002 wlis
saxelmwifo biujetiT gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri daxmareba umweo ojaxebisTvis
gamiznulia gaWirvebul ojaxebze, romlebic Sedgeba “gaWirvebuli aramomuSave
pensionerebisgan”, an obol bavSvebze, Sromisuunaro bavSvebze da invalidebsa da
mravalSvilian ojaxebze, romelTac 7 da meti Svili hyavT. faqtobrivad, es
daxmareba warmoadgens erTgvar damatebas, romelic yvelaze Raribi xandazmuli
mosaxleobis nawilma simbolur pensiebTan erTad unda miiRos da mcireoden bavSvTa
daxmarebas yvelaze Rataki ojaxebisTvis. prezidentis brZanebulis Tanaxmad,
saxelmwifo socialuri daxmareba Sesabamisi erTsuliani ojaxisaTvis an TiToeuli
meurveobaSi myofi oboli bavSvisTvis 22 lars, xolo 2 da metwevriani pensioneris
ojaxisaTvis da mravalSviliani ojaxebisaTvis, romelTac minimum 7 Svili hyavT,
35 lars Seadgens.
umuSevrobis SemweobaumuSevrobis SemweobaumuSevrobis SemweobaumuSevrobis Semweoba
2002 wlis 22 aprilis prezidentis brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, standartuli
Tviuri umuSevrobis Semweoba, romelic registrirebuli umuSevrobis pirveli eqvsi
Tvis manZilze gaicema, gaizarda umuSevrobis meore da mesame ori TvisTvis
Sesabamisad 2 da 3 lariT da dafiqsirda 14 larze umuSevrobis mTeli periodisTvis.
am daxmarebis mimRebTa statusis misaRebad, umuSevarma unda gaiaros registracia da
Sesabamisad, unda iqonios formalur seqtorSi muSaobis damadasturebeli sabuTi.
amis Sedegad, Cveulebriv, im umuSevarTa ricxvi, romelic Tavs iwuxebs registraciis
gavliT, realurze bevrad dabalia da Sesabamisad, daxmarebis mimRebTa ricxvi
umniSvneloa. amJamad, saxelmwifo dasaqmebis samsaxuris reorganizaciis Sedegad
umuSevrebi xelaxal registracias gadian.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
64 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
sapensio sistemasapensio sistemasapensio sistemasapensio sistema
moqmedi saxelmwifo sapensio sistema, romelic sabWouri warsulis
memkvidreobas warmoadgens, gardamavali ekonomikis pirobebSi, didi xania
araqmediTunariani da gadaxdisuunaroa. fiqsirebuli ganakveTis xandazmulobis
pensia, romelsac pensionerTa umetesoba iRebs, ar iTvaliswinebs arc samuSao staJs
da arc xelfasis odenobas da TveSi 14 lars (daaxloebiT 6 aSS dolars) Seadgens,
erTis mxriv susti stimulia gadasaxadebis gadaxdisTvis da meores mxriv, bevrad
Camouvardeba minimalur saarsebo dones (2002 wlis meore kvartalSi, saSualo
momxmareblis oficialuri saarsebo minimumis daaxloebiT 13 procents Seadgenda).
saxelmwifo sapensio fondi – socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi
(sesf-i), romelic marTavs pay-as-you-go (PAYG)12 sapensio sistemas sapensio asakis
mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis, didi xania mTeli rigi problemebis winaSe dgas. mwiri
sagadasaxado bazis, araformaluri seqtoris didi masStabebis, gadasaxadebis
mudmivad arasrulad Segrovebisa da maTi gadaxdisgan Tavis aridebis pirobebSi,
pensiebis dafinanseba xelfasis dabegvridan Semosuli Tanxis xarjze13 ver xerxdeba
da sistema, ukve ramodenime welia, agrZelebs davalianebis dagrovebas. 2002 wlis
pirveli ivnisis mdgomareobiT, fondis monacemTa Tanaxmad, sesf-is pensiebze
dagrovebuli aqvs vali 103,3 milioni laris odenobiT da aqedan 16 milioni lari -
2002 wlis dasawyisidan.
imis gamo, rom PAYG-is sapensio sistema mTlianad damokidebulia
gadasaxadebis Segrovebis doneze, misi gamarTulad funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebeli
winapirobebis Seqmna iseT viTarebaSi, rodesac sagadasaxado baza klebulobs da
gadasaxadebis Tavidan acileba da maTTvis gverdis avla farTodaa gavrcelebuli,
rTuli amocanaa. damokidebulebis koeficienti14 metismetad dabalia - 1:1,4, rac
daqiravebul muSakTa ricxvis klebisa da ekonomikis araformaluri seqtoris zrdis
amsaxvelia, ris Sedegadac fondSi Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa ricxvi ukiduresad
mcirea. dabali xelfasebi da mimdinare Sesatanebsa da momavalSi misaReb daxmarebebs
Soris kavSiris ararseboba susti stimulia socialuri gadasaxadis gadasaxdelad.
amasTan erTad, xelfasidan gadasaxadis SedarebiT maRali ganakveTi, kanonis
aRsrulebis arasakmarisi done da farTod gavrcelebuli korufcia xels uwyobs
damqiravebelTa mier gadasaxadebisgan Tavis daRwevas. vinaidan amJamad,
gadasaxadebis Segroveba sagadasaxado departamentis kompetencias warmoadgens,
sesf-s ufleba ara aqvs sasamarTloSi Seitanos sarCeli urCi gadamxdelebis
winaaRmdeg. ivnisis mdgomareobiT, fondis winaSe sawarmoTa davalianebis mTliani
odenoba, fondis monacemTa Tanaxmad, 172,6 milion lars Seadgenda, saidanac
89,2 milioni lari socialuri gadasaxadis valis ZiriTadi nawilia, xolo
83,4 milioni lari - davalianebaze daricxuli jarimis Tanxaa. fondis
TanamSromelTa da eqspertTa azriT, romlebmac SeimuSaves winadadebebi 1998-
2002 wlebSi dagrovebuli sapensio davalianebis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebiT,
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis miRweva SeiZleba valis restruqturizaciis dagegmvisa,
12 ix. ekonomikuri glosariumi. 13 socuzrunvelyofis saxelmwifo erTiani fondis (sesf-is) Semosavals Seadgenen gadasaxadebi muSakTa xelfasebidan: sabiujeto organizaciebisTvis – nominaluri xelfasis 26 procenti, sxva tipis damqiravebeli organizaciebisTvis – 27 procenti, xolo daqiravebuli muSakisTvis – 1 procenti. 14 pensionerTa ricxvis gadamxdelTa ricxvTan procentuli Sefardeba (Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa da daxmarebis mimRebTa procentuli Sefardeba).
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 65
valebis Camowerisa da aseve, gadasaxadebis administrirebis gaumjobesebis Sedegad.
sxva winadadebebs Soris, ganixileba aseve fondis mier mevale sawarmoTa mewiled
gaxdomis SesaZlebloba.
moqmedi sapensio sistema ver axerxebs Tavisi mTavari funciis Sesrulebas:
solidarobis Sesatanebis principze dafuZnebulma PAYG-is sapensio sistemam unda
uzrunvelyos pensionerebi sabazo minimaluri pensiebiT. dasabegri saSualo
xelfasis dabali ganakveTis Sedegad PAYG-is universaluri sapensio sistema dRes
dabali Canacvlebis koeficientiT15 xasiaTdeba. pensionerTa umravlesobis saSualo
fiqsirebuli ganakveTis pensia Seadgens daqiravebuli muSakis Tviuri xelfasis
daaxloebiT 15 procents. pensionerTa umetesobas Tavi gaaqvs ojaxis daxmarebiT an
cdilobs iSovos nebismieri samuSao, romelic saarsebo minimums uzrunvelyofs.
SeuZlebelia im ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri Sedegebis
ugulvelyofa, romlebic gamowveulia moqmedi sapensio sistemis krizisiT, radganac
es siRaribis riskis winaSe ayenebs umweo pensionerebs, rasac Semdeg SeiZleba mohyves
socialuri dezintegracia, gamijvna da gariyva.
sapensio sistemis reformasapensio sistemis reformasapensio sistemis reformasapensio sistemis reforma
sapensio sistemis reforma PREGP-is dRis wesrigSi mTavar prioritetebs
Soris dgas. rogorc PREGP-is programaSia aRniSnuli, moqmedi sistema “ver
asrulebs saxelmwifo sapensio sistemis or mTavar amocanas: xandazmulTa Soris
siRaribis donis Semcirebas da asakovani mosaxleobisaTvis moxmarebis saTanado
donis uzrunvelyofas”. programa amtkicebs, rom mTavari mizania axali sapensio
sistemis SemoReba, romelic uzrunvelyofs orive amocanis Sesrulebis Sedegad
mopovebul miRwevaTa dacvas. PREGP programa, socialuri politikis mTavari
mimarTulebebis Sesabamisad gansazRvravs sapensio sistemis reformas, romelic
gamiznuli iqneba finansurad mdgradi Tanamedrove sapensio sistemis formirebaze,
romelic morgebuli iqneba gardamavali ekonomikis cvalebad moTxovnebs.
socuzrunvelyofis erTian saxelmwifo fondSi (sesf) ganxorcielda
mniSvnelovani samuSao, romelic mimarTuli iyo PREGP-is mier dasaxuli miznebis
ganxorcielebaze sapensio reformis dargSi. rigi RonisZiebebisa ukve gatarda, rigi
ki ganxorcielebis procesSia. daxmarebis mimRebTa siebis gadamowmebis Sedegad
ormagi registraciisa da daxmarebis mimRebTa yalbi siebis gauqmebis Semdeg,
aRricxul pensionerTa ricxvi Semcirda daaxloebiT 860,000-mde. momavalSi
gaTvalisiwnebulia registrirebul pensionerTa siebis Semdgomi gadamowmeba da
sabolood, personificirebuli saidentifikacio baraTebis SemoReba.
mravalsafexuriani sistemis SemoRebis xuTwliani programa etapobrivad unda
ganxorcieldes (ix. cxrili 7.3). programis Tanaxmad, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs
gamWvirvale garemos garantirebas sapensio sistemaSi: Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis
SemuSaveba da arsebuli normatiuli aqtebis srulyofa; mimdinare sapensio
gasacemlebis regularuli gadaxdisa da dagrovebuli davalianebis TandaTanobiT
dafarvis uzrunvelyofa; personifikaciis ganxorcieleba da saidentifikacio
15 saSualo pensiis Sefardeba saSualo xelfasTan.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
66 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
baraTebis SemoReba; da bolos, etapobrivad sadazRvevo principebze da
diferencirebul sapensio sistemaze gadasvlis uzrunvelyofa.
cxrili 7.3: socialuri uzrunvelyofis da sapensio dazRvevis erovnuli cxrili 7.3: socialuri uzrunvelyofis da sapensio dazRvevis erovnuli cxrili 7.3: socialuri uzrunvelyofis da sapensio dazRvevis erovnuli cxrili 7.3: socialuri uzrunvelyofis da sapensio dazRvevis erovnuli
samsamsamsam----safexuriani sistema, 2001 safexuriani sistema, 2001 safexuriani sistema, 2001 safexuriani sistema, 2001 –––– 2005 ww. 2005 ww. 2005 ww. 2005 ww.
safexurebi daxasiaTeba
I II III
vadebi 2001-2004 ww. 2005 wlidan 2002 wlidan
aRwera savaldebulo savaldebulo nebayoflobiTi
marTvis forma saxelmwifos mier
marTuli
kerZo seqtoris mier
marTuli
kerZo seqtoris mier
marTuli
miznebi gadanawileba plius
dazRveva
dagroveba plius
dazRveva
dagroveba plius
dazRveva
saxeoba SemosavlebiT
gansazRvruli an
winaswar gansazRvruli
minimaluri sapensio
garantia
damsaqmeblis da/an
dasaqmebulis
individualuri
danazogebi
damsaqmeblis da/an
dasaqmebulis
individualuri
danazogebi
dafinanseba gadasaxadebidan
dafinansebuli
marTvadi (regulirebadi),
sruliad dafinansebuli
sruliad dafinansebuli
wyaro: saqarTveloSi siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis erovnuli programa, sadiskusio masala,
saboloo dokumentis proeqti
msoflio bankisa da sxva donori organizaciebis mxardaWeriT, sapensio
reformis programis ganxorcieleba, romelic uzrunvelyofs sapensio sistemis
gadasvlas sadazRvevo principebze, ukve dawyebulia. mTavrobas gansaxilvelad
gadaeca sesf-isa da Sromis, jandacvisa da socialuri uzrunvelyofis saministors
mier, msoflio bankTan konsultaciebze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli rigi
kanonproeqtebisa, romlebic uzrunvelyofen sadazRvevo principebze dafuZnebuli,
socialuri sadazRvevo da axali sapensio sistemebis SemoRebisaTvis saWiro
samarTlebriv bazas. aRniSnuli kanonproeqtebi unda gadaeces parlaments
gansaxilvelad da dasamtkiceblad saSemodgomo sesiaze. es kanonproeqtebia:
“savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb”, “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis
Sesaxeb” da “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi individualuri
(personificirebuli) aRricxvisa da individualuri angariSebis SemoRebis Sesaxeb”.
2002 wlis 18-20 seqtembers, TbilisSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia
“saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, romlis organizatorebi iyvnen
saqarTvelos mTavroba da socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi.
konferenciaSi monawileoba miiRes saerTaSoriso socialuri uzrunvelyofis
asociaciisa da sapensio da socialuri fondebis asociaciis umaRlesi Tanamdebobis
pirebma. konferenciis monawileebma ganixiles sxvadasxva qveynebSi sapensio da
socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebSi mimdinare procesebi, da saqarTveloSi
mimdinare sapensio reforma da zemoT aRniSnuli kanonproeqtebi waredginaT
konferenciis monawileebs. (ix. danarTi I da II.)
reformirebuli socialuri dacvis sistema, sapensio sistemis CaTvliT
dafuZnebuli unda iyos sadazRvevo principebze, rac metad mniSvnelovania
socialurad orientirebuli sazogadoebisaTvis, sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 67
pirobebSi. “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb” kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs
socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis gadasvlas sadazRvevo principebze, romelic
safuZvels Seqmnis socialuri dacvis realuri garantiebisTvis. aRniSnuli
kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, socialuri dazRveva universaluri da savaldebulo iqneba;
socialuri dazRvevis saxsrebis ganawileba moxdeba solidarobis principis
safuZvelze; sadazRvevo gasacemlebi diferencirebuli iqneba, sadazRvevo Sesatanis
zomisa da sadazRvevo staJis xangrZlivobis safuZvelze; da sadazRvevo gasacemlebis
gacema garantirebuli iqneba. kanonproeqtiT gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi sadazRvevo
SemTxvevebi: pensia asakis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis da marCenanalis dakargvis
gamo; droebiTi Sromisuunaroba, orsuloba da mSobiaroba; bavSvis movla 1,5 wlamde;
umuSevrobis dazRveva; daxmareba dazRveulis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi
(gardacvlilis ojaxis wevrebisTvis); janmrTelobis reabilitacia; da savaldebulo
samedicino dazRveva.
kanonproeqti mtkiced ganasxvavebs sadazRvevo da saxelmwifo valdebulebebs
rac, savaraudod, sadazRvevo sistemis sicocxlisunarianobis garantias
uzrunvelyofs. socialuri dacvis axali sistemis Tanaxmad, arasadazRvevo
gasacemlebi (magaliTad, saojaxo daxmareba) dafinansdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan.
amJamad, wlis ganmavlobaSi, saxelmwifo biujetidan sesf-Si gadaricxuli Tanxa
Zlivs faravs arasapensio gasacemlebis gadasaxdelad saWiro Tanxis naxevars da
fondi, sxvaobis Sesavsebad, iZulebulia gamoiyenos socialuri gadasaxadis
Semosavlebi, rac Tavis mxriv, iwvevs sapensio davalianebebis zrdas (ufro detaluri
informaciisTvis ix. Tavi 3, gv. 21).
“savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb” kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, kanonis
damtkicebisa da ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebs miiReben:
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, romlebic dazRveulni iqnebian “savaldebulo socialuri
dazRvevis Sesaxeb” kanonis Sesabamisad, da daakmayofileben kanonSi gaTvaliswinebul
pirobebs, maTi ojaxis Sromisuunaro wevrebi, da saqarTvelos teritoraize mudmivad
mcxovrebi ucxoeli moqalaqeebi da moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi. ”savaldebulo
sadazRvevo pensiis Sesaxeb” kanonis AzalaSi Sesvlamde registrirebuli
pensionerebis pensiebi mocemuli kanoniT ar daregulirdeba, garda im SemTxvebisa,
rodesac muSakebi, romlebsac kanonproeqtis ZalaSi Sesvlamde daeniSnebaT
xandazmulobis pensia, gaagrZeleben muSaobas kanonis amoqmedebidan sul mcire
3 wlis ganmavlobaSi. kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiis
sam tips: pensia asakis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis da marCenalis dakargvis gamo.
savaldebulo sadazRvevo asakis pensia daeniSnebaT pirebs, romlebmac sapensio
asaks16 miaRwies da romlebsac minimum 15 wlis samuSao da/an sadazRvevo staJi
eqnebaT, da Sesdgeba sabaziso nawilisgan da sadazRvevo (dagrovebiTi) nawilisgan17.
kanonproeqtis Tanaxmad, savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensia dafinansdeba
mzRvevelis (socialuri dazRvevis erTiani saxelmwifo samsaxuris, anu sapensio
fondis) biujetidan, romelic Seiqmneba mzRvevelis biujetSi dazRveulebisa da
16 dRes sapensio asaki qalebisTvis 60 wels, xolo mamakacebisTvis 65 wels Seadgens. kanonproeqti “savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb” iTvaliswinebs qalebisaTvis sapensio asakis gazrdas 65 wlamde. erTis mxriv, es xels Seuwyobs Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa ricxvis zrdas, da meores mxriv, qalebsa da mamakacebs samuSaos gagrZelebis Tanabari uflebebi eqnebaT. 17 dagrovebiTi Sesatanebis sqemebi winaswar gansazRvraven Sesatanis odenobas, xolo daxmarebis odenoba damokidebuli iqneba dagrovili Sesatanebis odenobaze (da investiciebis ukugebis koeficientze).
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
68 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
damzrvevebis mier gadaxdili savaldebulo Sesatanebis xarjze. individualur
(personificirebul) angariSze dagrovili sapensio kapitalis gaangariSeba moxdeba
mzRvevelis biujetSi gadaxdili savaldebulo sadazRvevo Sesatanebis safuZvelze.
savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiis sadazRvevo (dagrovebiTi) nawili dazRveulebs
pirobiT-dagrovebiT individualur angariSebze akumulirebuli Tanxis safuZvelze
daeniSnebaT. saxelmwifo aiRebs subsidiur pasuxismgeblobas dazRveul pirTa mimarT
mzRvevelis – socialuri dazRvevis erTiani saxelmwifo samsaxuris (saxelmwifo
sapensio fondi) - valdebulebebze.
“savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb” da “savaldebulo sadazRvevo
pensiebis Sesaxeb” kanonproeqtebis Tanaxmad, sapensio dazRvevis tarifi Seadgens
28 procents, romlis 27 procents ixdis damqiravebeli (damzRvevi), 1 procents ki
dasaqmebuli (dazRveuli). TviTdasaqmebulebisTvis (TviTdamzRvevi) dawesebuli
tarifi Seadgens 14 procents. tarifi Semdegnairad ganawildeba: 20 procenti
(28 procentis tarifidan) gaTvaliswinebulia pensiis ZiriTadi nawilis
dasafinanseblad (romelic unda dafinansdes PAYG-is (pay-as-you-go) principis
Sesabamisad) da 8 procenti (rogorc 28 procentis, aseve 14 procentiani tarifebidan)
– savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiis sadazRvevo (dagrovebiTi) nawilis
dasafinanseblad (PAYE-is (pay-as-you-earn) principis Sesabamisad). sul socialuri
gadasaxadi Seadgens 33 procents, romlis 31 procents ixdis damqiravebeli
(27 procenti – socialuri dazRvevis Sesatani, 3 procenti – samedicino dazRvevis
Sesatani da 1 procenti dasaqmebis fondis Sesatani), xolo 2 procents muSaki
(1 procenti – socialuri dazRvevis Sesatani da 1 procenti – samedicino dazRvevis
Sesatani).
pirebs, romelTac ekuTvniT savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensia, ufleba ar
eqnebaT miiRon pensia muSaobis periodSi, romlis ganmavlobaSic maTi sadazRvevo
Sesatanis odenoba, romelic daqiravebiT dasaqmebaSi dakavebuli pensioneris
damqiraveblis (damzRvevis) an TviTdasaqmebuli pensioneris (TviTdamzRvevis) mier
unda iqnes gadaxdili, 28-dan 8 procentamde iqneba Semcirebuli.
socialuri reformis programis nawilis saxiT, SemuSavda personificirebuli
aRricxvis SemoRebis samsafexuriani programis proeqti. “saqarTvelos Sromisunarian
moqalaqeTa registraciisa da individualuri (personificirebuli) aRricxvis wesis
damtkicebis Sesaxeb” prezidentis brZanebulebis proeqti mzadaa da savaraudod,
xeli moewereba 2002 wlis bolosTvis.
imisaTvis, rom sadazRvevo principebze dafuZnebuli saxelmwifo socialuri
dacvis axali sistema warmatebiT iqnes Camoyalibebuli, aucilebelia daxvewili da
gamarTulad momuSave aRricxvianobis da saregistracio sistemis SemoReba.
kanonproeqtma “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi individualuri
(personificirebuli) aRricxvisa da individualuri angariSebis SemoRebis Sesaxeb”
unda uzrunvelyos samarTlebrivi baza socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemaSi
individualur angariSebze dafuZnebuli sadazRvevo principebis SemoReba.
sayovelTao individualuri registracia xels Seuwyobs sadazRvevo Sesatanebis
bazis gafarToebas da, Sesabamisad, ekonomikis araformaluri seqtoris legalizebas
(vinaidan gaizrdeba Semosavlebis aRricxvis stimulebi), Sesatanis gadaxdis
stimulirebis gziT, romelic, moqmedi socialuri gadasaxadisgan gansxvavebiT,
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 69
pirdapir iqneba dakavSirebuli momaval gasacemlebTan. mosalodnelia, rom msoflio
banki gamoyofs 1,5 milion aSS dolars, romelic unda moxmardes individualuri
registraciis SemoRebas da fondis aRWurvas individualuri angariSebis marTvis
avtomatizebuli sistemiT.
im droisaTvis, rodesac axali sapensio sistema iqneba SemoRebuli, fondi
unda gaerTiandes saxelmwifo samedicino sadazRvevo kompaniasTan. Socialuri
dazRvevis erTiani saxelmwifo kompania awarmoebs socialuri Sesatanis Segrovebas18,
romelic Seicavs socialuri dazRvevis Sesatans (28 procenti), samedicino dazRvevis
Sesatans (4 procenti) da dasaqmebis fondis Sesatans (1 procenti). fondis
mmarTvelobas miaCnia, rom rodesac socialuri Sesatanis amoRebis funqcia Tavad
fondis mier ganxorcieldeba, fondSi gadasaricxi amonagebi Tanxebis odenoba
gaizrdeba, radganac fondi SesZlebs imuSaos sagadasaxado bazis gafarToebisa da
gadasaxadebis administrirebis gaZlierebaze da, aRmoifxvreba socialuri
gadasaxadiT sxva sagadasaxado Semosavlebis SegrovebaSi arsebuli deficitis
Sevsebis SesaZlebloba. fondis winadadebebi 1998-2000 wlebSi dagrovebuli sapensio
davalianebis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebiT, ganixilaven fiqsirebuli gadasaxadis
dawesebas TviTdasaqmebulTa da fermerebisaTvis, rogorc sagadasaxado bazis
gafarToebis saSualebas.
mravalsafexurianma sapensio sistemam unda uzrunvelyos SesaZleblobaTa
nairsaxeoba da arCevanis gakeTebis ufleba maTTvis, visac SesaZlebloba aqvs
izrunos momaval pensiebze, personaluri pasuxismgeblobis zrdasTan da
investiciebis gansaxorcileblad saWiro danazogebis fondis SeqmnasTan erTad.
Tumca, sistemis SemoRebasa da gamarTuli muSaobis uzrunvelyofas dasWirdeba dro,
Zalisxmeva da investiciebi. reformis warmateba didwilad damokidebuli iqneba
qveyanaSi saerTo ekonomikur situaciaze da ekonomikuri zrdis tempze, iseve rogorc
sakanonmdeblo reformebis procesis ganviTarebaze. dResdReobiT, kerZo sapensio
sqemebSi monawileobis SesaZlebloba mosaxleobis mxolod mcire nawils Tu eqneba.
Tumca, maT, visac amis survili da SesaZlebloba gaaCnia, ukve SeuZlia izrunos
kerZo pensiaze19. saqarTvelos pirobebSi, sadac amJamad, SinameurneobaTa Semosavlebi
ukiduresad dabalia, kerZo sapensio sistema ver Secvlis universalur socialur
sadazRvevo sistemas da mxolod da mxolod arCevans sTavazobs maT, visac
SesaZlebloba aqvs gaakeTos danazogebi ufro maRali sapensio SemosavlisaTvis.
sapensio reformis ganxorcielebis Semdeg, saxelmwifo sapensio sistemam unda
uzrunvelyos pensiis mimRebTaTvis savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensia, da, damatebis
saxiT nebayoflobiTi kerZo sapensio sqemebSi miRebis SesaZlebloba. Tumca, vidre es
moxdeba, socialuri gadasaxadis Segrovebisa da gadasaxadebis gadaxdis donis
gaumjobeseba, sagadasaxado bazis gafarToeba da sapensio davalianebebis gadaxda
yvelaze mniSvnelovan amocanebad rCeba uaxloesi momavlisaTvis.
18 1998 wels, fondis es funqcia sagadasaxado inspeqcias gadaeca. 19 kanoni “arasaxelmwifo sapensio dazRvevis Sesaxeb” SemoRebul iqna 1998 wels. 2001 wlis maisSi daarsebuli kompania “saqarTvelos sapensio sainvesticio holdingi” (GPIH), moqmed universalur PAYG-is sapensio sistemasTan erTad, mosaxleobas aseve nebayoflobiT kerZo sapensio dazRvevas sTavazobs.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
70 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
CanarTi 7.1CanarTi 7.1CanarTi 7.1CanarTi 7.1
evrogaerTianebis socialuri politikis programaevrogaerTianebis socialuri politikis programaevrogaerTianebis socialuri politikis programaevrogaerTianebis socialuri politikis programa
SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali
evropis socialurma politikam mTavari roli iTamaSa evropis ekonomikuri simZlavris
CamoyalibebaSi, unikaluri socialuri modelis ganviTarebiT. es modeli moqnili da
dinamiuri aRmoCnda, bolo ramodenime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi, evropis ekonomikasa da
sazogadoebaSi swrafad ganviTarebad movlenebze reagirebis TvalsazrisiT.
lisabonis evropulma sabWom gansazRvra mTeli rigi axali amocanebisa, romlebmac
unda Sesruldes, imisaTvis rom evropas hqondes “msoflioSi yvelaze konkurentunariani
da dinamiuri, codnaze dafuZnebuli ekonomika, romelsac eqneba mdgradi ekonomikuri
zrdis unari ufro meti da ukeTesi samuSao adgilebiT da ufro maRali sicialuri
erTianoba”.
socialuri politikis programa, lisabonSi gansazRvruli ekonomikuri da
socialuri ganaxlebis miRwevisadmi evropis kompleqsuri midgomis nawilia. kerZod, igi
gamiznulia ekonomikuri, dasaqmebisa da socialuri politikis pozitiuri da dinamiuri
urTierTqmedebis uzrunvelyofasa da iseTi politikuri SeTanxmebis miRwevaze, romelic
mobilizebas gaukeTebs yvela wamyvan wevr qveyanas, raTa maT erToblivad imuSaon axali
strategiuli miznis ganxorcielebaze.
momavali problemebi da SesaZleblobebimomavali problemebi da SesaZleblobebimomavali problemebi da SesaZleblobebimomavali problemebi da SesaZleblobebi
dasaqmebadasaqmebadasaqmebadasaqmeba
evrokavSirma mniSvnelovan winsvlas miaRwia ekonomikuri safuZvlebis gamyarebisa
da samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, umuSevrobis done jer-jerobiT
kvlav maRali rCeba. amJamad, evropis samuSao Zalis 9 procentamde umeSevaria. dasaqmebis
saSualo done, 1999 wels, mxolod 62 procenti iyo.
saqmianobis konkretul sferoebSi, magaliTad momsaxurebis seqtorSi, dasaqmeba
kvlavac SedarebiT dabalia. monawileobis done qalebsa da mosaxleobis konretul
jgufebSi (xandazmmulebi da invalidebi) Zalian dabalia. lisabonis evropul sabWoze,
evrokomisiam mkafiod gansazRvra evropis dasaqmebis deficitis mTavari maxasiaTeblebi:
- sxvaoba momsaxurebis seqtorSi – evrokavSirs, momsaxurebis seqtorSi bevrad
ufro dabali done aqvs, vidre SeerTebul Statebs.
- genderuli sxvaoba – evrokavSirSi dasaqmebulia qalTa raodenobis naxevari,
SeerTebul StatebSi ki ori mesamedi.
- asakobrivi sxvaoba – 55-65 wlis asakobriv jgufSi dasaqmebis done Zalian
dabalia.
- sxvaoba kvalifikaciaSi – evrokavSirSi, miwodebuli samuSao Zalis
kvalifikaciis done kvalifikaciis moTxovnebs ar Seesabameba. es gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia
sainformacio teqnologiebis dargSi, evropis mTel teritoriaze.
- struqturuli xasiaTis xangrZlivi umuSevroba – maTi umetesoba, visac
samuSao ar gaaCniaT, weliwadze metia umuSevrebi arian.
- mkveTri regionuli sxvaobebi, rogorc evropaSi aseve wevr qveynebSi –
evrokavSiris farglebSi umuSevrobis maRali done fiqsirdeba aRmosavleT germaniaSi,
safrangeTSi, samxreT italiaSi, espaneTsa da saberZneTSi. umuSevroba yvelaze maRal
dones aRwevs konkretul, naklebad ganviTarebul regionebSi, Soreul regionebsa da
samrewvelo raionebSi, romlebic kriziss ganicdian.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 71
bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, evropis dasaqmebis strategia aRmoCnda efeqturi
instrumenti struqturuli reformebis gansaxorcieleblad erovnul Sromis bazrebze.
aRniSnuli strategiis gaZlierebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eqneba meti da ukeTesi samuSao
adgilebis SeqmnisaTvis. rogorc zogierTi wevri qveynis magaliTi cxadyofs, dasaqmebis
doneebis matebasTan erTad, iseTi samuSao Zalis miwodeba, romelic bazris mier
moTxovnil standartebs aRwevs, gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas iZens mdgradi ekonomikuri
ganviTarebisa da arainflaciuri zrdisaTvis.
socialuri mdgomareobasocialuri mdgomareobasocialuri mdgomareobasocialuri mdgomareoba
erTis mxriv, unda vaRiaroT wevri qveynebis socialuri sistemis mniSvnelovani
roli erTiani sazogadoebis CamoyalibebaSi, magram amJamad, isini dganan iseTi
mniSvnelovani saerTo amocanebis winaSe, rogoricaa saqmianobis sferos cvalebadoba,
axali saojaxo struqturebi, mudmivi genderul uTanabrobebi, demografiuli cvlilebebi
da codnaze dafuZnebuli ekonomikis moTxovnebTan adaptirebis saWiroeba. ufro
grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, demografiuli cvlilebebi Zlier zegavlenas moaxdens Sromis
bazrisa da samuSao Zalis miwodebis struqturaze da mZimed daawveba sapensio da
jandacvis sistemebs. es moiTxovs imigraciis rolis gaazrebas, aRniSnul tendenciebTan
brZolis strategiis nawilisa. socialuri dacvis sistemebis SemoRebisa da modernizebis
warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi, umuSevrobis, siRaribisa da socialuri gariyvis riski kidev
ufro gaizrdeba.
socialuri dacvis sistemebis modernizacia mniSvnelovania codnaze dafuZnebul
ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesis gamyarebisa da sazogadoebaSi axal moTxovnilebaTa
uzrunvelyofisaTvis. marTalia, socialuri dacva wevri qveynebis kompetenciaa, magram
meores mxriv, TanamSromloba evropul doneze xels Seuwyobs erToblivi ZalisxmeviT
sxvadasxva socialuri dacvis sistemebis modernizaciasa da gaumjobesebis amocanebis
misaRwevad saukeTeso gzebis gansazRvras.
amJamad, mTavari amocanaa, socialur gariyvasTan brZolis programidan iseT
programaze gadasvla, romelic uzrunvelyofs socialuri erTianobis donis amaRlebas da
am tendenciis gaTvaliswinebas yvela politikuri kursis SemuSavebisas.
umuSevroba - siRaribis erTaderTi, umniSvnelovanesi mizezia. sami
aradasaqmebulidan, ori siRaribis riskis winaSe dgas. amitomac, socialuri gariyvisagan
saukeTeso dacvas warmoadgens dasaqmeba. Tumca, mxolod dasaqmeba yvela problemas ver
gadaWris.
dasaqmebis doneebis Sedareba siRaribis doneebTan20 gviCvenebs, rom siRaribe
SeiZleba SedarebiT farTod iyos gavrcelebuli zogierT iseT wevr qveyanaSic, sadac
dasaqmebis done maRalia. dasaqmebis doneebis amaRleba da umuSevrobis Semcireba
mniSvnelovanwilad Seamcirebda siRaribesa da socialuri gariyvis SemTxvevebs,
gansakuTrebiT im wevr qveynebSi, romelTac amJamad dabali dasaqmebis doneebi aqvT. am
mxriv, mniSvnelovania yuradRebis gamaxvileba maTze, vinc Sromis bazris zRurblze
imyofeba. es gulisxmobs investirebas adamianur resursebSi, maTi dasaqmebis
SesaZleblobis gazrdis mizniT da Sromis bazarze SesvlisaTvis barierebis Semcirebas.
am problemebTan dapirispireba moiTxovs mravali aspeqtis momcveli politikis
ganxorcielebas, romelic gascdeba Sromis bazris sakiTxebs da, romelic gamiznuli
iqneba socialuri erTianobisa da monawileobis koeficientis amaRlebaze.
20 siRaribis doneebi aq ganisazRvreba rogorc Sesabamisi qveynis medianuri Sinameurneobis Semosavlis 60 procenti (evrostatis standarti). am maCveneblebis gaumjobesebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis mier siRaribis daZlevis amocanis gadawyvetaSi.
dasaqmeba, Semosavlebi da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
72 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
evrokavSiris gafarToebaevrokavSiris gafarToebaevrokavSiris gafarToebaevrokavSiris gafarToeba
evrokavSirSi gawevrianebisaTvis, kandidati qveynebi miznad isaxaven maTi ekonomikis,
sazogadoebisa da socialuri sistemebis ganviTarebas wevri qveynebis analogiurad. maTi
mizania cxovrebis donisa da socialuri standartebis amaRleba da ekonomikuri da
dasaqmebis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi. evrokavSirSi
gawevrianebisaTvis momzadeba niSnavs, rom qveynebi ukve imyofebian farTo samarTlebrivi
normebisa da wesebis SemoRebis procesSi, ramac unda uzrunvelyos Sesabamisoba
evrokavSiris socialur kriteriumebTan evrokavSirSi gaerTianebis momentisaTvis.
kandidati qveynebi ara mxolod didi amocanebis winaSe dganan TavianTi sistemebis
gardaqmnisa da siaxleTa SemoRebis procesSi, aseve bevr iseT problemas upirispirdebian,
romlebic evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis mier wydeba.
internacionalizaciainternacionalizaciainternacionalizaciainternacionalizacia
internacionalizacia da globalizacia cvalebadi finansuri, ekonomikuri da
savaWro pirobebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebia evropisa da misi socialuri sistemebisaTvis.
cvlileba ar gulisxmobs socialuri miznebis mitovebas. piriqiT, igi aZlierebs
socialuri investirebisaTvis ekonomikur saWiroebas kargad SemuSavebuli socialuri
politikis meSveobiT. ufro metad vidre odesme, evropis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba
damokidebuli iqneba misi xalxis mwarmoeblur da inovaciur potencialze. samuSao Zalis
codna-gamocdileba da adaptirebis unari Zlier zegavlenas iqoniebs codnaSi
investirebaze, damatebuli Rirebulebis Seqmnaze, ekonomikuri aqtivobis gazrdasa da
sirTuleebis daZlevaze.
wyaro: evrokomisiis mimarTva, evrosabWos, evroparlamentis, ekonomikuri da socialuri
komitetis da, regionaluri komitetisadmi. socialuri politikis programa. briuseli,
28.6.2000 w. COM (2000), 379 saboloo dokumenti. evrogaerTianebebis komisia
Tavi merve. saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi
73 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
saqarTvelos savaWro urTierTobebi evrokavSirTan
2002 wlis pirveli eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo-evrokavSirs Soris
vaWroba 5.5 procentiT Semcirda wina wlis igive periodTan SedarebiT. mimdinare
wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos eqsporti evrokavSiris bazrebze daaxloebiT igive
iyo, rac wina wlis pirvel eqvs TveSi, xolo importi Semcirda 7,1 procentiT.
cxrili 8.1: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirTan, 2001 cxrili 8.1: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirTan, 2001 cxrili 8.1: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirTan, 2001 cxrili 8.1: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSirTan, 2001 ---- 2002 ww. 2002 ww. 2002 ww. 2002 ww.
(aTasi aSS dolari)
weliweliweliweli brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva eqsportieqsportieqsportieqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti balansibalansibalansibalansi 2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax. 119,665 29,318 90,347 -61,029
2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax. 126,702 29,663 97, 039 -67,376 wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi saqarTvelos evrokavSiris yvela wevr qveyanasTan
gaaCnda uaryofiTi savaWro balansi, gaerTianebuli samefos garda. germania,
gaerTianebuli samefo da italia kvlavac rCebian saqarTvelosTvis yvelaze msxvil
savaWro partniorebad. saqarTvelosa da am sam qveyanas Soris savaWro brunva
saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan mTliani savaWro brunvis 64,9 procents Seadgens.
cxrili 8.cxrili 8.cxrili 8.cxrili 8.2: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris qveynebTan, 2001 2: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris qveynebTan, 2001 2: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris qveynebTan, 2001 2: saqarTvelos vaWroba evrokavSiris qveynebTan, 2001 –––– 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax. 2002 ww. I nax.
(aTasi aSS dolari) 2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax.2002 w. I nax. 2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.2001 w. I nax.
qveyanaqveyanaqveyanaqveyana brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva eqsportieqsportieqsportieqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti balansibalansibalansibalansi brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva eqsportieqsportieqsportieqsporti importiimportiimportiimporti balansibalansibalansibalansi
avstriaavstriaavstriaavstria
6,127 6,035 92 -5,943 6,575 6,081 495 -5,586
belgiabelgiabelgiabelgia 4,234 3,232 1,002 -2,230 10,450 3,875 6,575 -2,700
daniadaniadaniadania 4,006 3,706 300 -3,406 2,794 2,459 335 -2,124
safrangeTisafrangeTisafrangeTisafrangeTi 7,282 6,111 1,171 -4,940 10,530 10,334 196 -10,138
germaniagermaniagermaniagermania 30,203 27,730 2,474 -25,256 38,810 34,806 4,004 -30,802
saberZneTisaberZneTisaberZneTisaberZneTi 6,586 4,387 2,199 -2,188 3,354 1,772 1,582 -190
irlandiairlandiairlandiairlandia 316 244 72 -172 646 646 - -646
italiaitaliaitaliaitalia 21,114 17,517 3,598 -13,919 14,372 8,917 5,455 -3,462
luqsemburgiluqsemburgiluqsemburgiluqsemburgi 83 83 - -83 112 112 - -112
niderlandebiniderlandebiniderlandebiniderlandebi 7,715 5,581 2,134 -3,447 7,059 4,555 2,504 -2,051
portugaliaportugaliaportugaliaportugalia 355 333 21 -312 644 568 76 -492
fineTifineTifineTifineTi 1,115 1,115 - -1,115 8,365 8,365 - -8,365
espaneTiespaneTiespaneTiespaneTi 1,352 981 371 -610 1,726 847 879 32
SvedeTiSvedeTiSvedeTiSvedeTi 2,817 2,805 12 -2,793 1,704 993 710 -283 gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli samefosamefosamefosamefo 26,361 10,488 15,873 5,385 19,562 12,710 6,852 -5,857
sulsulsulsull 119,665119,665119,665119,665 29,31829,31829,31829,318 90,34790,34790,34790,347 ----61,029 61,029 61,029 61,029 126,702126,702126,702126,702 29,66329,66329,66329,663 97,03997,03997,03997,039 ----67,37667,37667,37667,376 wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi
74 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
evrokavSiris daxmareba saqarTvelosTvis: sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa1.
evrokavSiris programebs Soris sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programas erT-erTi
ZiriTadi adgili ukavia. am programis mizania biujetis Sesabamisi muxlebis
dafinansebiT mxari dauWiros soflis meurneobis seqtoris ganviTarebas beneficiar
qveynebSi.
evrokavSirSi soflis meurneoba warmoadgens seqtors, romelis wilad modis
mSp-s mxolod 2,5 procenti da 5,7 procenti evrokavSiris mTlian dasaqmebaSi, magram
evrokavSiris politikis umniSvnelovanes nawils warmoadgens. evrokavSiri saerTo
sasoflo-sameurneo politikis (CAP) saSualebiT, anxorcielebs soflis
meurneobasTan dakavSirebul movaleobebs politikis Seqmnisa da gadawyvetilebis
miRebis TvalsazrisiT. sasoflo-sameurneo seqtori evrokavSiris dafinansebis
ZiriTadi mimRebia da sxva ekonomikur seqtorebTan SedarebiT yvelaze meti
administraciuli organoebi gaaCnia (evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo
politikis Sesaxeb informacia ixileT qvemoT).
evrokavSirma sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa 1996 wels daafuZna,
1292/95 reglamentis safuZvelze. es reglamenti moicavs sasursaTo daxmarebis
politikisa da menejmentis, aseve sasursaTo usafrxoebis specifiuri daxmarebis
sakiTxebs. sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programis reglamenti gansazRvravs sam ZiriTad
mimarTulebas. esenia: myari partnioruli urTierTobebi beneficiar qveynebTan,
Sesabamisi reagirebis moxdena sasursaTo usafrTxoebis meryeobis SemTxvevaSi da
TanamSromlobis ganviTareba integraciis politikis gatarebiT.
myari partnioruli urTierTobebi beneficiar qveynebTan gulisxmobs
evrokavSirisa da beneficiari qveynis erTobliv pasuxismgeblobas soflis
meurneobis sferoSi gatarebul RonisZiebebze. ufro konkretulad es
pasuxismgeblobebi asaxuli unda iyos beneficiari qveynis sasursaTo usafrTxoebis
politikaSi, romlis mizania transparentulobisa da efeqturobis ganmtkiceba.
Sesabamisi reagirebis moxdena sasursaTo usafrTxoebis meryeobis SemTxvevaSi
gulisxmobs beneficiar qveyanaSi Sesabamisi zomebis gatarebas sasursaTo krizisis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT da es politika ar aris mimarTuli krizisis Semdeg
gaCenili Sedegebis aRmosafxvrelad.
TanamSromlobis ganviTarebaSi integraciis politika gulisxmobs
adgilobrivi resursebis efeqturad gamoyenebas da ucxoel partniorebTan
koordinirebul TanamSromlobas, rac xels uwyobs myari da stabiluri ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis Camoyalibebas beneficiar qveynebSi.
sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa evrokavSiris erTiani TanamSromlobis
politikaSi aris integrirebuli. es programa soflis meuneobis dargTan erTad aseve
moicavs iseT sferoebsac, rogoricaa siRaribis daZleva, garemos dacva, transporti
da kerZo seqtoris xelSewyoba.
1 merve Tavis am nawilSi gamoyenebulia evrokomisiis masalebi.
saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 75
sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programis koordinirebas axdens evrokavSiri
ucxoel partniorebTan da donorebTan erTad.
sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa saqarTveloSi 1996 wels daiwyo. am
programis ZiriTadi mizania mxari dauWiros soflis meurneobis seqtoris
ganviTarebas, samelioracio sistemebis reabilitacias, veterinariis sferos
ganviTarebas da mcenareTa dacvas.
1996 wels saqarTvelom am programis egidiT evrokavSiridan 18 milioni evro
miiRo. Semdeg wels, evrokavSirma saqarTvelosTvis kidev 16 milioni evros gamoyofis
gadawyvetileba miiRo, mxolod am Tanxis misaRebad saqarTvelos mTavrobas
garkveuli ekonomikuri pirobebi unda Seesrulebina.
1998 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobam ver moaxerxa am pirobebis Sesruleba da
evrokavSirma miiRo gadawyvetileba zemoxsenebuli Tanxis gadmoricxvis gadavadebis
Taobaze. evrokavSiris pirobebis Seusruleblobis ZiriTadi mizezebi iyo biujetis
xarjviTi nawilis politika, aseve darRvevebi privatizaciis procesSi da
dabrkolebebi sagadasaxado politikis gatarebaSi.
es situacia kidev ufro gamwvavda mas Semdeg, rac saqarTveloSi finansuri
krizisi ganviTarda. am periodSi qveynis sabiujeto deficiti mniSvnel;ovnad
gaizarda da evrokavSiris moTxovnebis Sesruleba kidev ufro garTulda.
miuxedavad am faqtisa, 1998 wlis bolos evrokavSirma gamoTqva mzadyofna
6 milioni evros gadmoricxvis Taobaze.
1999 wlis meore naxevridan 2000 wlis bolomde saqarTvelos xelisuflebas
problemebi gauCnda saerTaSoriso savaluto fondTan urTierTobaSi. am problemebis
ZiriTadi mizezi iyo mxareebs Soris SeuTanxmebloba reformebis politikaze. swored
am mizezis gamo zemoT aRniSnuli periodis ganmavlobaSi evrokavSirma saqarTvelos
Seuwyvita sasursaTo usafrTxoebis programa, ris Sedegadac saqarTvelom dakarga
14 milioni evro.
2001 wels evrokavSirma ganaaxla sasurTo programa da saqarTvelom am erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi miiRo 12 milioni evro. aRsaniSnavia is faqti rom, 2001 wels
evrokavSirma am programis nawilobrivi reorientacia moaxdina da es programa aseve
mimarTuli iqna siRaribis daZlevis politikis xelSewyobisaken.
evrokavSirma gadawyvita 2002-2003 wlebSi gaagrZelos sasursaTo usafrTxoebis
programa saqarTveloSi. am ori wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelo miiRebs 25 milion
evros, rac ZiriTadad moxmardeba soflis meurneobis sabiujeto seqtors da
socialur sferos.
saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi
76 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
CanarTi 8.1CanarTi 8.1CanarTi 8.1CanarTi 8.1
evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politika ( ( ( (CAP))))
soflis meurneoba evrokavSirisTvis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes seqtors warmoadgens. am
seqtorisadmi gansakuTrebul yuradReba jer kidev romis xelSekrulebis ganxilvis dros iqna
gamaxvilebuli.
swored romis xelSekruleba ayalibebs evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo
politikis zogad miznebs, romelic SeTanxmebuli iyo 1958 wlis ivlisSi. 1960 wels saerTo
sasoflo-sameurneo politikis meqanizmebi miRebul iqna evrokavSiris damaarsebeli eqvsi
qveynis mier da ori wlis Semdeg, 1962, wels es SeTanxmeba ZalaSi Sevida.
evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politika Sedgeba wesebisa da
meqanizmebisagan, romlebic aregulireben warmoebas, vaWrobas da soflis meurneobis
produqciis gadamuSavebas evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi.
evrokavSiris mier aRiarebul prioritetebs Soris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo
politika erT-erTi umTavresia da ara mxolod imitom rom, am dargze evrokavSiris biujetis
danaxarjebis didi nawili modis (daaxloebiT 50 procenti) da am seqtorSi dasaqmebulia
uamravi adamiani, aramed imitomac rom, am sferoSi mniSvnelovani politikuri
gadawyvetilebebis miReba xdeba ara erovnul, aramed saerTo evropul doneze.
evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politikis miznebi Cawerilia evrokavSiris
xelSekrulebis 33-e muxlSi. es miznebia:
• sasoflo-sameuneo warmoebis gazrda teqnikuri progresis ganviTarebisa da erovnuli
warmoebis ganviTarebis meSveobiT;
• bazrebis stabilizacia;
• momxmareblisaTvis produqciis miwodebis uzrunvelyofa;
• momxmareblisaTvis produqciis miwodeba mizanSewonil fasebSi.
am miznebis misaRwevad evrokavSiris xelSekrulebis 34-e muxli ayalibebs sasoflo-
sameurneo bazris erTian marTvis sistemas, romelic produqciis saxeobis mixedviT iRebs
Semdeg formebs:
• konkurenciis saerTo wesebi;
• sxvadasxva erovnuli bazrebis savaldebulo koordinacia;
• evropuli bazris organizeba.
dReisaTvis sasoflo-sameureno bazris erTiani organizacia moicavs soflis meurneobis
yvela produqts. sasoflo-sameureno bazris erTiani organizacia soflis meurneobis bazaris
ZiriTad instruments warmoadgens, radgan is xels uwyobs evrokavSiris bazarze soflis
meurneobis produqtebiT vaWrobis ganviTarebas da mesame qveynebisaTvis inarCunebs saerTo
satarifo barierebs.
saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 77
saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo bazars gaaCnia sami ZiriTadi principi:
• gaerTianebuli bazari: rac gulisxmobs soflis meurneobis produqtebis
Tavisuflad gadaadgilebas evrokavSiris mTel teritoriaze;
• evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis upiratesoba: rac gulisxmobs evrokavSiris wevr
qveynebSi warmoebul sasolo-sameurneo produqciis upiratesobas importul
produqciaze, rac Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs rogorc fasebis dawesebis politikas,
aseve Sida bazris dacvas mesame qveynebidan Semotanili iaffasiani produqciisagan;
• finansuri solidaroba: rac gulisxmobs saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politikasTan
dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis evrokavSiris biujetidan anazRaurebas.
.
evrokavSiris saerTo sasoflo-sameurneo politika finansdeba evropis soflis
meurneobis marTvisa da sagarantio fondidan (The European Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF)). es fondi Seiqmna 1962 wels, xolo 1964-Si daiyo or damoukidebel seqtorad:
• marTvis seqtorad, romelic ZiriTadad xels uwyobs da afinansebs soflis
meurneobis sferoSi struqturuli reformebis ganxorcielebas; da
• sagarantio seqtorad, romelic afinansebs soflis meurneobis erTiani bazris
organizebis saqminobas.
evrokavSiris gafarToebis Semdeg mosalodnelia rom soflis meurneobis seqtorSi
momuSave adamianebis ricxvi orjer gaizrdeba, aseve Sida bazars daaxloebiT 100 milioni
momxmarebeli daemateba. aqve aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqtic, rom evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis
kandidati qveynebis umravlesobisaTis evrokavSiri soflis meurneobis seqtorSi umTavres
savaWro partniors warmoadgens.
ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi evrokavSirma gaaZliera Tavisi mxardaWera kandidati
qveynebis restruqturizaciis procesebisadmi da am mizniT SemoiRo gawevrianebis-wina (pre-accession) instrumentebi. soflis meurneobis sferoSi aseTi instrumentia evrokavSiris
daxmareba SAPARD-i (Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development). es daxmareba miznad isaxavs centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis soflis meurneobis seqtoris
ganviTarebas da misi wliuri biujeti Seadgens 520 milion evros 2000-2006 wlebis
ganmavlobaSi.
wyaro: evrokomisia
kalendari
78 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
2002 weli
ianvari
4444 kontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZolakontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZolakontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZolakontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZola/ saxelmwifo ministris - avTandil
jorbenaZis gadawyvetilebiT, Seiqmna kontrabandis winaaRmdeg brZolis
damoukidebeli komisia. komisiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian sami
saxelmwifo mrCeveli da ekonomikis seqtoris ministrTa moadgileebi.
komisiis mizania qveyanaSi kontrabanduli saqonlis importis
aRmofxvraze mimarTuli RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba.
14141414 energetikaenergetikaenergetikaenergetika/ saTbob energetikis ministri - daviT mircxulava
energetikis sferoSi saerTaSoriso sabWos wevri gaxda. es organizacia
ukve 95 welia rac arsebobs da masSi gawevrianebulia 90 qveyana.
21212121 biznesibiznesibiznesibiznesi/ gaimarTa saqarTvelos biznesmenTa konfederaciis
damfuZnebeli sxdoma. konfederaciis SemadgenlobaSi arian
gadamxdelTa kavSiri, saqarTvelos sainvesticio fondi, vaWrobis
saerTaSoriso palata da amerikis savaWro palata (Amcham-i).
konfederaciis Tavmjdomared arCeul iqna b-ni niko lekiSvili.
31313131 saxelmwifo biujetisaxelmwifo biujetisaxelmwifo biujetisaxelmwifo biujeti/ saqarTvelos parlamentis mier sagangebo
sxdomaze damtkicda 2002 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti. 2002 wlis
saxelmwifo biujetis saSemosavlo nawili ganisazRvra
1,039,869,000 laris odenobiT, xolo xarjebi – 1,259,527,500 lariT.
Tebervali
8888 sabaJo/teqnikuri daxmareba/ sabaJo/teqnikuri daxmareba/ sabaJo/teqnikuri daxmareba/ sabaJo/teqnikuri daxmareba/ avTandil jorbenaZem - saxelmwifo
ministrma, filip remlerma - saqarTveloSi aSS-s saelCos misiis
xelmZRvanelis moadgilem da jeims kelim - aSS-s sabaJo departamentis
warmomadgenelma, saqarTvelos sazRvrebis dacvisa da usafrTxoebis
programis direqtorma, ganixiles saqarTvelos sabaJo samsaxuris
reformirebisa da reorganizaciis sakiTxebi. batonma kelim aRniSna
rom, aSS-s mTavroba mocemul etapze gegmavs saqarTvelos sabaJo
departamentis daxmarebas. kerZod, unda ganxorcieldes sacdeli
proeqti, romelic miznad isaxavs saqarTvelos aeroportSi sabaJo
procedurebis gaumjobesebas.
11111111 sabaJosabaJosabaJosabaJo/ poloneTis mTavroba daTanaxmda daakmayofilos saqarTvelos
ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis saministros moTxovna da,
2002 wlidan gaauqma sabaJo gadasaxadi saqarTvelodan poloneTSi
eqsportirebul Caize. poloneTis mTavrobis mier aRniSnuli
gadawyvetilebis miRebamde, qarTuli Cai ibegreboda 15 procentiani
gadasaxadiT.
kalendari
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 79
12121212
sagareo valisagareo valisagareo valisagareo vali/ sasomxeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris, b-n vardan
oskanianis TbilisSi vizitisas, xeli moewera SeTanxmebas sasomxeTis
winaSe saqarTvelos 19,6 milioni aSS dolaris valis
restruqturizaciaze. valis gadaxda moxdeba 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi,
weliwadSi 3 procentis daricxviT.
22222222 gazis tranziti/ gazis tranziti/ gazis tranziti/ gazis tranziti/ baqoSi xeli moewera saboloo SeTanxmebas
azerbaijansa da saqarTvelos Soris azeris gazis transportirebaze
Sahdenizis sabadodan. milsadenis eqspluataciaSi Seyvanis Semdeg,
saqarTvelo, satranzito tarifis saxiT, miiRebs mis teritoriaze
transportirebuli bunebrivi airis mTliani moculobis 5 procents.
24242424 fasiani qaRaldebis bazari/valuta/ fasiani qaRaldebis bazari/valuta/ fasiani qaRaldebis bazari/valuta/ fasiani qaRaldebis bazari/valuta/ baqoSi gaimarTa dsT-s qveynebis
birJebis saerTaSoriso asociaciis Sexvedra, romelSic monawileoba
miiRes yazaxeTis, saqarTvelos, ukrainis, azerbaijanis, ruseTisa da
uzbekeTis warmomadgenlebma. monawileebma ganixiles fasiani
qaRaldebis bazarTan da dsT-s savaluto bazrebze momxdar
cvlilebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, evro-s SemoRebasTan
mimarTebaSi.
27272727 sabaJo/mso/ sabaJo/mso/ sabaJo/mso/ sabaJo/mso/ ori wlis sawevro gadasaxdelis gadauxdelobis gamo,
1997 wlidan msoflio sabaJo organizaciam (mso) CamoarTva
saqarTvelos sabaJo departaments aqtiuri wevri qveynis statusi,
romliTac igi 1995 wlidan sargeblobda da gadaiyvana igi pasiuri
wevri qveynis statusis mqone qveynebis kategoriaSi. saqarTvelom
srulad dafara davalianeba da gadaixada mimdinare wlis sawevro
gadasaxdeli, riTac aqtiuri wevris statusi daibruna.
marti
4444 eqsportieqsportieqsportieqsporti/ saqarTveloSi dafuZnda saeqsporto kreditisa da dazRvevis
saagento, romlis mizania mcire mewarmeobis Camoyalibebisa da
ganviTarebis xelSewyoba da saeqsporto politikis mxardaWera.
saagento Seiqmna Savi zRvis qveynebis vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis bankis
da ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis saministros daxmarebiT.
14141414 navTobi da gaznavTobi da gaznavTobi da gaznavTobi da gaziiii/ TbilisSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia
"navTobi, gazi da infrastruqtura". konferenciis farglebSi xeli
moewera SeTanxmebas samxreT kavkasiis milsadenis (baqo-Tbilisi-
erzrumi) proeqtis investorebsa da saqarTvelos mTavrobas Soris.
saqarTvelos mxridan SeTanxmebas xeli moawera b-nma giorgi
Wanturiam, GIOC-s (saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso navTobkompania)
prezidentma, xolo investorTa mxridan kompaniebi "SOCAR", "BP", "TotalFinalElf", "LUKAgip", "Statoil", "Nico" da "TPAO"-s warmomadgenlebma.
15151515 sagareo politiksagareo politiksagareo politiksagareo politikaaaa/ parlamentma daamtkica levan miqelaZis
kandidatura aSS-Si saqarTvelos sagangebo da uflebamosili elCis
kalendari
80 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
postze. b-ni miqelaZe aseve Seasrulebs saqarTvelos elCis
movaleobebs kanadasa da meqsikaSi.
19191919 transportitransportitransportitransporti/ foTis navsadgurma miiRo ruseTis sazRvao gadazidvebis
registraturis mier gacemuli saerTaSoriso licenziis sertifikati.
mocemul gadawyvetilebas safuZvlad daedo xarisxis kontrolis
sistemis inspeqciis dadebiTi Sedegebi.
26262626 socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemasocialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemasocialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemasocialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ prezidentis mier gacemul iqna
gankarguleba "gaWirvebuli ojaxebisTvis socialuri daxmarebis
Sesaxeb", romlis Tanaxmadac gaWirvebuli ojaxebisTvis 2002 wlis
biujetis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri daxmareba
mizanmimarTuli iqneba mxolod "Raribi aramomuSave pensionerebis" an
oboli, xeibari bavSvebis, invalidebis da im mravalSviliani ojaxebis
daxmarebaze, romelTac sul mcire 7 bavSvi hyavT.
aprili
2 sabaJo/ sabaJo/ sabaJo/ sabaJo/ levan ZnelaZem, sagadasaxado Semosavlebis ministrma, pres-
konferenciaze ganacxada, rom britaneTis kompania ITS-ma Sewyvita
saqmianoba saqarTveloSi. rogorc b-nma minstrma aRniSna, pirveli
aprilidan winasaimporto inspeqcia ganxorcieldeba sabaJo
departamentis mier.
5555 sabaJo/ sabaJo/ sabaJo/ sabaJo/ rogorc prezidenti eduard SevardnaZis mehmed kesesilerTan,
TurqeTis saxelmwifo ministrTan Sexvedraze iqna aRniSnuli,
saqarTvelo-TurqeTis sazRvarze gaixsna axali sasazRvro kontrolis
punqti. or qveyanas Soris sasaqonlo brunvis stabilurma zrdam
ganapiroba axali sasazRvro sakontrolo punqtis gaxsnis
aucilebloba karwaxSi, romelic vale-axalcixesTan arsebuli
sakontrolo punqtisgan gansxvavebiT, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi
ifunqcionirebs. TurqeTis mxare mzadaa gamoyos 10 milioni aSS
dolaris krediti karwaxis sasazRvro punqtTan misasvleli gzis
saqarTvelos monakveTis mSeneblobisTvis. samSeneblo samuSaoebis
dawyeba dagegmilia ivnisSi.
5555 sabaJosabaJosabaJosabaJo/ / / / saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs Soris xeli moewera SeTanxmebas
TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. sagadasaxado Semosavlebis ministrma, levan
ZnelaZem da TurqeTis saxelmwifo ministrma, mehmet kesesilerma xeli
moaweres SeTanxmebas sabaJo sakiTxebSi urTierTdaxmarebisa da
TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb.
5555 ergb/ / / / prezidentis sainvesticio sabWos 5 aprilis sxdomaze, b-nma
Temur basiliam, prezidentis mrCevelma ekonomikuri reformebis
sakiTxebSi moaxsena sxdomas, saqarTveloSi, 2002-2003 wlebis periodSi,
evropis rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis saqmianobis
strategiis Sesaxeb, romelic bankis direqtorTa sabWos mier26 marts
kalendari
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 81
damtkicda. ergb-i gegmavs sainvesticio saqmianobis koncentrirebas
kerZo seqtoris iseT sferoebze, rogoricaa energetika, transporti,
sabanko sistema da komunikaciebi.
7777 ekonomika/ ekonomika/ ekonomika/ ekonomika/ saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da SeerTebul Statebs Soris
miRweul iqna SeTanxmeba saqarTveloSi, poloneTis yofili premier-
ministris, “Sokuri Terapiis” avtoris – leSek balceroviCisa da misi
gundis saqmianobis dafinansebis programis gagrZelebis Taobaze.
7777 socialuri ganviTareba/ socialuri ganviTareba/ socialuri ganviTareba/ socialuri ganviTareba/ prezidentis gankarguleba “socialuri
ganviTarebis koncefciis realizaciaze gamiznuli upiratesi
mniSvnelobis mqone RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb” iTvaliswinebs SromiTi
urTierTobebis daregulirebis, samuSao Zalis ufro efeqturad
gamoyenebisa da dasaqmebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis da aseve,
sapensio sistemis srulyofisa da socialur sferoSi saxelmwifo
programebis momzadebisa da ganxorcielebis xelSewyobis mizniT
gasatarebel RonisZiebebs.
8888
evropis parlamenti/ evropis parlamenti/ evropis parlamenti/ evropis parlamenti/ evropis parlamentis mier damtkicebuli
rezolucia “samxreT kavkasiasTan evrokavSiris urTierTobaTa
Sesaxeb” xazs usvams samxreT kavkasiaSi regionuli TanamSromlobis
yvela programis mxardaWerisa da dafinansebis gagrZelebis saWiroebas.
mocemuli dokumenti aqcents akeTebs imaze, rom evropulma
struqturebma monawileoba unda miiRon samxreT kavkasiaSi
ekonomikuri proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi, gansakuTrebiT, energetikis
seqtorSi.
9999 privatizacia/ privatizacia/ privatizacia/ privatizacia/ saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministrom SeimuSava
prezidentis gankargulebis proeqti “saagentos Seqmnis Sesaxeb im
sawarmoTa gasanviTareblad, romlebSic saxelmwifo wilobrivad
monawileobs”. saagentoze kontrols awarmoebs saxelmwifo qonebis
marTvis saministro. saagentos mTavari amocanaa im sawarmoTa
ganviTareba, romlis aqciebis wils saxelmwifo flobs; aRniSnul
sawarmoebSi saxelmwifos interesebis dacva; saxelmwifo biujetSi
dividendebis mobilizaciis optimizacia; saxelmwifos wilis
koordinireba da realizeba da aqciebis marTva; qonebis racionaluri
gamoyeneba; ekonomikuri efeqturobis gazrda; privatizaciis procesis
xelSewyoba.
10101010 evrokavSiris daxmarebaevrokavSiris daxmarebaevrokavSiris daxmarebaevrokavSiris daxmareba/ 10 aprils TbilisSi xeli moewera dokuments,
romlis Tanaxmadac sabaJo departamenti evrokavSirisgan 850, 000 evros
miiRebs. aRniSnuli Tanxa unda moxmardes ucxoeli da adgilobrivi
eqspertebis mier saqarTvelos sabaJo kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebasa da
sabaJo sferoSi evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan harmonizaciis
procesSi gaweuli samsaxuris dafinansebas. gasul zafxuls,
avstrieli sabaJo eqspertebis monawileobiT, tasisis programis
farglebSi ganxorcielda saqarTvelos sabaJo kanonmdeblobis
evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan SedarebiTi analizi.
kalendari
82 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
11111111 mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi/ mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi/ mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi/ mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi/ 11 aprils gamarTul preskonferenciaze
mevlud wiklaurma, mcire da saSualo biznesis xelSewyobis saagentos
direqtorma, warmoadgina saqarTvelos mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa
mxardaWeris programa 2002-2004 wlebisaTvis. programa iTvaliswinebs
mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa daxmarebas. Tumca, vidre es moxdeba,
saWiro iqneba cvlilebebis Setana saqarTvelos kanonSi “mcire da
saSualo sawarmoTa Sesaxeb”. kanonproeqti ukve momzadda da gadaeca
mTavrobas gansaxilvelad. igi iTvaliswinebs mcire da saSualo
sawarmoTa koncefciebis SemoRebas, dasaqmebul muSakTa ricxovnobisa
da kapitalis brunvis kriteriumebis gansazRvras.
15151515 energetika/ energetika/ energetika/ energetika/ parlamentma moaxdina msoflio bankTan sakredito
SeTanxmebis ratifikacia, romelic iTvaliswinebs energetikis seqtoris
ganviTarebisTvis 27,4 milioni aSS dolaris gamoyofas. 2001 wlis
18 ivniss, saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da msoflio bankis saerTaSoriso
ganviTarebis asociacias (sga) Soris xeli moewera sakredito
xelSekrulebas eleqtroenergiis bazris ganviTarebis proeqtis
ganxorcielebisTvis, romlis Rirebuleba 55,7 milion aSS dolars
Seadgens. kontraqtis Tanaxmad, dafinansebis wyaroebia: sga –
27,4 milioni aSS dolari, germaniis rekonstruqciis sakredito banki
KfW – 12,4 milioni aSS dolari, evropis rekonstruqciisa da
ganviTarebis banki – 1 milioni evro, saaqcio sazogadoeba
“eleqtrogadacema” – 8,7 milioni aSS dolari,
Sps“eleqtrodispeCerizacia” – 2,2 milioni aSS dolari da Sps
“eleqtroenergiis sabiTumo bazari” – 4,2 milioni aSS dolari.
16161616 sagadasaxado sistema/ sagadasaxado sistema/ sagadasaxado sistema/ sagadasaxado sistema/ saqarTvelos axali sagadasaxado sistemis
koncefcia mzad unda iyos 10 ivnisisTvis. rogorc saqarTvelos axali
sagadasaxado sistemis 16 aprils gamarTul prezentaciaze aRiniSna,
mocemuli dokumenti SemuSavda saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
institutSi saparlamento fraqcia “mewarmeTa” iniciativiT, b-ni gogi
TofaZis, fraqciis lideris da mewarmis da fondis Ria sazogadoeba-
saqarTvelos - finansuri mxardaWeriT. iniciativis mizania arsebiTi
cvlilebebis Setana saqarTvelos moqmed sagadasaxado kodeqsSi. axali
alternatiuli proeqtis SemuSavebaSi monawileoba miiRo 42 eqspertma.
eqspertTa jgufis SemadgenlobaSi Sevidnen rogorc qarTveli aseve
ucxoeli ekonomistebi da finansuri eqspertebi.
19191919 gazis milsadeni/ gazis milsadeni/ gazis milsadeni/ gazis milsadeni/ baqo-Tbilisi-erzrumis gazsadenze saboloo
SeTanxmebas xeli moewera londonSi gamarTul saerTaSoriso
konferenciaze, sadac monawileoba miiRes azerbaijanis, saqarTvelos,
yazaxeTis Tboenergetikis departamentebma da Semdegma ucxourma
kompaniebma: “Chevron Texaco”, “BP”, “Pricewaterhouse Coopers”, “Schlumberger”, “Burren Energy”, “Statoil”, “Parker Drilling”, “AMBO”, “EBRD” da “CPC”. konferencia mieZRvna centraluri aziisa da kaspiis zRvis regionis
Tboenergetikuli kompleqsis ganviTarebis sakiTxebs.
kalendari
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 83
milsadenis eqspluataciaSi Seyvanis Semdeg, saqarTvelo, satranzito
gadasaxadis saxiT, mis teritoriaze transportirebuli bunebrivi
airis mTliani moculobis 5 procents miiRebs. milsadenis sruli
datvirTviT muSaobis pirobiT, saqarTvelo miiRebs 1,5 miliard kubur
metr bunebriv airs, roca qveyanaSi gazis moxmareba weliwadSi
750 milion kubur metrs ar aRemateba. saqarTvelos SesaZlebloba
eqneba weliwadSi 500 milioni kuburi metri gazi gayidos.
19191919 transporti/ transporti/ transporti/ transporti/ 18-19 aprils TbilisSi, transportis saministroebis
evropul konferenciaze (ECMT), romelic msoflio bankis egidiT
gaimarTa, Catarda seminari samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi satransporto
politikasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. seminarze ganxilul iqna
regionSi satransporto politikis, satransporto xazebis
ganviTarebis, TanamSromlobisa da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis
gaziarebis sakiTxebi.
20 20 20 20 turizmi/ turizmi/ turizmi/ turizmi/ 18-19 aprils TbilisSi gaimarTa abreSumis gzis qveynebis
meoTxe gamofena-gayidva, romelSic monawileoba miiRo 60 organizaciam
da kompaniam 10 qveynidan. gamofena organizebuli iyo sagamofeno
centri “Expo-Georgia-s” mier, saqarTvelos turizmisa da kurortebis
saxelmwifo departamentis mxardaWeriT.
22222222 socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema/ prezidentis mier gaica
brZanebuleba "umuSevarTa socialuri dacvis sferoSi damatebiTi
RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb”, romlis Tanaxmad, standartuli Tviuri
umuSevrobis daxmareba, romelic gaicema umuSevrobis registraciis
pirveli eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, gaizarda 2 lariT umuSevrobis
meore or-Tviani periodisTvis da 3 lariT - Semdgomi ori TvisTvis da
dafiqsirda 14 larze Sesabamisi periodisTvis.
25252525 ssf/saqarTvelo/ ssf/saqarTvelo/ ssf/saqarTvelo/ ssf/saqarTvelo/ 25 aprils daiwyo ssf-s misiis regularuli viziti,
romelsac xelmZRvanelobda devid oueni – evropis me-II departamentis
samxreT ganyofilebis ufrosi. vizitis dros ssf-is eqspertebma
ganaxorcieles fondis rekomendaciebis Sesrulebis analizi.
specialuri yuradReba daeTmo makroekonomikuri mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebisa da saqarTvelos fiskaluri da fulad-sakredito
politikis ganviTarebis sakiTxebs.
mocemuli regularuli vizitis dros, ssf-is misia gaecnoba
struqturuli cvlilebebis mimdinareobas, sabiujeto sferoSi
arsebul mdgomareobas, sagareo valTan dakavSirebuli valdebulebis
Sesrulebasa da sxva sakiTxebs. winaswari Sefasebis safuZvelze, ssf-i
mzadaa gamouyos saqarTvelos 60 milioni aSS dolari, nacvlad adre
dagegmili 48 milioni aSS dolarisa. aRniSnul Tanxas saqarTvelo
miiRebs ori Tanabari tranSis saxiT maisis bolos da dekemberSi, im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu ssf-is misia dadebiTad Seafasebs saqarTvelos mier
ssf-s rekomendaciebis Sesrulebas.
kalendari
84 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
saqarTvelo ssf-sTan TanamSromlobs 1994 wlidan. aRniSnuli
saerTaSoriso finansuri organizaciidan mTeli periodis
ganmavlobaSi kreditis saxiT miRebulia 390 milion aSS dolari.
27272727 ssf----i da msoflio banki/ i da msoflio banki/ i da msoflio banki/ i da msoflio banki/ msoflio bankisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto
fondis sagazafxulo Sexvedraze miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba yofili
sabWoTa kavSiris Svidi yvelaze dabalSemosavliani respublikis
(dsT-s qveynebis) daxmarebis iniciativis damatebiTi mxardaWeris
Taobaze. esenia: azerbaijani, sasomxeTi, saqarTvelo, yirgizeTi,
moldova, tajikeTi da uzbekeTi. (dsT-s Svidi qveyana). aRniSnuli
iniciativis mizania “siRaribis daZlevaze mimarTuli zomebis
gaZliereba da ekonomikuri zrdis stimulireba, paralelurad
fiskaluri da sagareo valis mdgomareobis stabilurobis
uzrunvelyofasTan erTad”. pres-relizi iuwyeba, rom aRniSnul
iniciativa dafuZnebulia “ganviTarebis da reformebis procesis
intensifikaciis da aRniSnuli procesis ganxorcielebaSi dsT-s
7 qveynis meti damoukideblobis" principize saerTaSoriso
TanasazogadoebasTan mimarTebaSi, romelic mzadaa mxardaWera
aRmouCinos “qveynebs, romlebic reformebis Tanmimdevrul politikas
axorcieleben”.
30303030 aSS----s saqarTvelosadmi daxmarebs saqarTvelosadmi daxmarebs saqarTvelosadmi daxmarebs saqarTvelosadmi daxmareba/ a/ a/ a/ aSS-s mTavrobam gamouyo
saqarTvelos 20 milioni aSS dolaris granti kvebisa da
gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis reabilitaciisTvis. zafxulSi, daiwyeba
proeqtis pirveli etapi, romlis ganmavlobaSi ucxoeli da qarTveli
specialistebi Seiswavlian saqarTvelos kvebisa da gadamamuSavebel
mrewvelobaSi arsebul mdgomareobas. pirveli faza erT wels
gagrZeldeba, ris Semdegac SemuSavdeba gegma ufro xangrZlivi meore
fazisTvis.
maisi
7777 parlamenti/kanonSemoqmedeba/ parlamenti/kanonSemoqmedeba/ parlamenti/kanonSemoqmedeba/ parlamenti/kanonSemoqmedeba/ 7 maisis plenarul sxdomaze mesame
mosmeniT damtkicebuli kanonproeqti ”finansuri lizingis Sesaxeb”
gansazRvravs lizingis formebs, salizingo urTierTobebis
monawileTa uflebamosilebas da mocemul sferoSi samarTlebrivi
daregulirebis konkretul meqanizms.
13131313 msoflio banki/ msoflio banki/ msoflio banki/ msoflio banki/ vaSingtonSi, msoflio bankis saTao ofisSi vizitisas,
romelic 13 maiss dasrulda, giorgi isakaZem – saxelmwifo ministris
moadgilem, delegaciis meTaurma, gamarTa molaparakebebi
municipaluri ganviTarebisa da decentralizaciis proeqtis
gagrZelebis SesaZleblobis Taobaze. xeli moewera mxareTa ganzraxvis
oqms, romlic iTvaliswinebs 19,4 milioni aSS dolaris gamoyofas
municipaluri ganviTarebisa da decentralizaciis meore proeqtis
farglebSi.
kalendari
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 85
13131313 TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ saqarTvelosa da ukrainis kontrolis palataTa
xelmZRvanelebma - sulxan molaSvilma da valentin simonenkom, xeli
moaweres SeTanxmebas TanamSromlobaze. SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebs
TanamSromlobas Semdeg sakiTxebSi: gamocdilebis gaziareba,
auditoruli struqturebisTvis kadrebis momzadebis sistemis
gaumjobeseba, risTvisac unda Seiqmnas kadrebis momzadebis saerTo
centri.
14141414 energetika/kadrebi/ energetika/kadrebi/ energetika/kadrebi/ energetika/kadrebi/ prezidentma daniSna specialuri komisari
energetikis dargSi. prezidentis miTiTebebSi naTqvamia, rom axali
postis SemoReba gamiznulia energetikis stabiluri ganviTarebis
grZelvadiani koncefciis Camoyalibebaze, axali maRalefeqturi
teqnologiebis SemoRebasa da ucxouri investiciebis mobilizebaze.
energetikis sferoSi sagangebo warmomadgenlis postze dainiSna arCil
frangiSvili, teqnikuri universitetis profesori, saqarTvelos
mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
organoebs evalebaT misTvis daxmarebis gaweva organizaciul
sakiTxebSi.
15151515 miwisZvra/ miwisZvra/ miwisZvra/ miwisZvra/ aprilSi TbilisSi momxdari miwisZvriT gamowveuli zarali
daaxloebiT 150 milioni aSS dolars aRemateba. es Tanxa dasaxelda
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis da mokavSire qveynebisa da saerTaSoriso
organizaciebisadmi sagangebo mimarTvaSi, romelic momzadda qarTveli
eqspertebis mier, UNDP-s daxmarebiT. aRiniSna, rom 30 milioni aSS
dolari saWiroa pirvel rigSi gansaxorcielebeli saavario
samuSaoebisaTvis.
15151515 bankebi/ bankebi/ bankebi/ bankebi/ saqarTvelos mikrosafinanso bankma (banki em-bi-ji) mesame
wlisTavi izeima. q-nma doris koenma, banki em-bi-ji-s sabWos axalma
Tavmjdomarem 15 maiss gamarTul pres-konferenciaze aRniSna, rom
ganvlili periodis ganmavlobaSi bankma SesZlo adgili daemkvidrebina
saqarTvelos 5 wamyvan banks Soris. 2001 wels, banki flobda
35 milioni aSS dolaris aqtivebs. 2001 wlis bolos sesxebis
portfeli Seadgenda 23,5 milion aSS dolars, xolo klientebis ricvi
- 5,350. 2002 wlis 30 aprilisTvis sakredito portfelma 25 milion aSS
dolaramde miaRwia, klientebis ricxvi ki 6,305-mde gaizarda.
1999 wlidan banks gacemuli aqvs 13,044 sesxi. is faqti, rom saSualo
sesxi 8,000 lars Seadgens, naTelyofs rom banki "em-bi-ji" ZiriTadad
emsaxureba saqarTveloSi moRvawe mikro da makrosawarmoTa jgufs.
gacemuli sesxebis 98 procenti klientebis mier droulad ifareba.
18181818 evrokavSiris dReebi TbilisSi/ evrokavSiris dReebi TbilisSi/ evrokavSiris dReebi TbilisSi/ evrokavSiris dReebi TbilisSi/ 14-18 maiss saqarTvelo maspinZlobda
saqarTveloSi evrokavSiris dReebisa da evrokavSiris tasis-is
programis meaTe wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil ceremoniebs. tasis-is
programa miznad isaxavs sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas
da demokratiuli sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas axal damoukidebel
qveynebsa da monRoleTSi. programis farglebSi saqarTveloSi
ganxorcielda 300 proeqti iseT mniSvnelovan sferoebSi, rogoricaa
kalendari
86 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
energetika, soflis meurneoba, transporti, statistika da ganaTleba
da a.S.. programa SesaZlebels xdis iseTi mniSvnelovani proeqtebis
ganxorcielebas, rogoricaa evropa-kavkasia-aziis satransporto
derefani (TRACECA) da navTobisa da gazis transportireba kaspiis
regionidan evropis qveynebSi.
22221111 saqarTvelosaqarTvelosaqarTvelosaqarTvelo----TurqeTis ekonomikuri urTierTobebi/ TurqeTis ekonomikuri urTierTobebi/ TurqeTis ekonomikuri urTierTobebi/ TurqeTis ekonomikuri urTierTobebi/ saqarTvelosa da
TurqeTs Soris ekonomikuri urTierTobebi ganmtkicebas saWiroebs - am
Temaze saubrobda TurqeTis saxelmwifo ministri, Tunja Toksai,
saqarTvelos prezidentTan 21 maiss gamarTul Sexvedraze. prezidentma
eduard SevardnaZem aRniSna, rom or qveyanas Soris gaformebulma
SeTanxmebam “investiciebis stimulirebis Sesaxeb” xeli Seuwyo
ormxrivi ekonomikuri urTierTobebis gaZlierebas. prezidentma
xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom miuxedavad imisa rom dRes, TurqeTi erT-erTi
wamyvani investoria saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelom metad unda
ganamtkicos am qveyanasTan ekonomikuri da savaWro TanamSromloba.
21212121 qarTulqarTulqarTulqarTul----holandiuri saqmiani urTierTobebi/ holandiuri saqmiani urTierTobebi/ holandiuri saqmiani urTierTobebi/ holandiuri saqmiani urTierTobebi/ TbilisSi Catarda
qarTvel da holandiel biznesmenTa Sexvedra. 1998 wlidan holandiis
mTavroba axorcielebs saqarTveloSi ramodenime proeqts.
22222222 ergb----i/ i/ i/ i/ qarTulma delegaciam monawileoba miiRo evropis
rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis bankis yovelwliur SexvedraSi,
romelic moewyo buqarestSi. delegacias xelmZRvanelobda Temur
basilia, prezidentis mrCeveli ekonomikuri reformebis sakiTxebSi.
aseve delegaciis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen irakli managaZe – erovnuli
bankis prezidenti, jemal inaniSvili – foTis portis ufrosi,
vladimir pateiSvili – saqarTvelos bankis meTvalyureTa sabWos
Tavmjdomare. qarTuli delegaciis wevrebi ganixilavdnen
2002-2003 wlebSi ergb-is saqmianobis strategias saqarTveloSi,
romelic bankis direqtorTa sabWos mier 2002 wlis 26 marts
damtkicda.
22222222 vmo-s ministrTa konferencia TbilisSi/s ministrTa konferencia TbilisSi/s ministrTa konferencia TbilisSi/s ministrTa konferencia TbilisSi/ TbilisSi, vmo-s egidiT,
Catarda vmo-s ministrTa konferencia, romelSic monawileobdnen
centraluri aziisa da kavkasiis regionis vaWrobis ministrebi.
konferenciaze sityviT gamovida vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis
generaluri direqtori - b-ni maik muri, romelmac aRniSna rom am
qveynebis miReba msoflio savaWro sistemaSi “xels Seuwyobs regionis
rogorc ekonomikur aseve politikur stabilurobas”. man xazi gausva,
rom vmo mzadaa daexmaros aRniSnul process. b-nma murma miuTiTa im
faqtze rom, amJamad vmo udides yuradRebas uTmobs teqnikur
daxmarebas gardamavali ekonomikis mqone ganviTarebadi qveynebisTvis.
misi azriT, donori qveynebisa da vmo-s wevr qveynebis mxardaWeram
SesaZlebeli gaxada am organizaciis farglebSi Seqmnili specialuri
fondis resursebis gaormageba. es safuZvels uyris ganviTarebadi
qveynebisTvis daxmarebis gazrdas da maTi srulfasovani monawileobis
uzrunvelyofas msoflio vaWrobaSi.
kalendari
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 87
24242424 daxmareba/iaponia/ daxmareba/iaponia/ daxmareba/iaponia/ daxmareba/iaponia/ iaponiis mTavroba agrZelebs saqarTveloSi
sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis miwodebis dafinansebas. TbilisSi xeli
moewera memorandums 1996 wels dawyebuli 2KR programis gagrZelebis
Taobaze, romelic iTvaliswinebs iaponiis mTavrobis mier
saqarTvelosTvis sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis miwodebis
dafinansebas. am wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi Semotanili
sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis (sul 1,046 erTeuli) Rirebuleba
24 milion lars aRemateba. wels programam unda daafinansos
600 sasoflo-sameurneo manqanis SeZena, risTvisac iaponiis mTavrobam
3 milioni aSS dolaris granti unda gamoyos.
25252525 regionuli seminari fermerebisTvis/ regionuli seminari fermerebisTvis/ regionuli seminari fermerebisTvis/ regionuli seminari fermerebisTvis/ TbilisSi fermerebisTvis
gamarTul seminars eswrebodnen warmomadgenlebi saqarTvelodan,
sasomxeTsa da azerbaijanidan. seminari israelis centr “maSavi-s” mier
iyo organizebuli. seminaris Tanadamfinansebelia evraziis fondi.
27272727 privatizacia/ privatizacia/ privatizacia/ privatizacia/ daiwyo regularuli tenderi saxelmwifo aviakompania
“saqarTvelos aviaxazebis” privatizaciaze. saerTaSoriso komerciul
tenderze gatanilia aqciebis 100 procenti. saxelmwifo qonebis
marTvis saministroSi ganacxadebis wardgenis saboloo vadaa 27 ivnisi,
aqciebis gayidvis sawyisi fasi – 931,000 aSS dolari.
30303030 bankebi/ bankebi/ bankebi/ bankebi/ TBC-bankis pirveli kvartlis Sedegebi miuTiTebs imaze rom
igi, aqtivebis, valdebulebebis, sakredito portfelis da ZiriTadi
ganakveTebis mixedviT, yvelaze didi bankia saqarTveloSi. banki aseve
qveyanaSi yvelaze msxvil finansur organizacias warmoadgens.
2002 wlis aprilisTvis, TBC-bankis aqtivebma Seadgina 151,7 milioni
lari, valdebulebebma – 129 milioni lari, sesxebis portfelma ki
85 milion lars gadaaWarba. depozitebis mixedviT, bankis sabazro
wili 21,2 procenti iyo. 2001 wlis meoTxe kvartlis SedegebiT
"saqarTvelos banki" qveyanaSi yvelaze msxvil komerciul banki iyo.
bankis aqtivebi Seadgenda 137 milion lars. im dros TBC-banki, romlis
aqtivebi 118,7 milion lars Seadgenda, meore adgilze iyo.
ivnisi
7777 biujeti/biujeti/biujeti/biujeti/ xeli moewera urTierTgagebis memorandums, romlis
Tanaxmadac, evrokavSiris granti moxmardeba saxelmwifo biujetis
xarjebs soflis meurneobis, ganaTlebis, jandacvisa da sxva
seqtorebSi. pirvel 2 milion evros saqarTvelo miiRebs uaxloes
momavalSi, xolo wlis bolos miRebuli iqneba danarCeni ori tranSi,
TiToeuli 5 milioni evros odenobiT.
11110000----16161616 BSEC/ TbilisSi gaimarTa Savi zRvis qveynebis ekonomikuri
TanamSromlobis saparlamento asambleis me-19-e sesia. sesiis
monawileebma daamtkices BSEC-is me-10-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili
specialuri deklaracia. deklaraciaSi aRniSnulia, rom BSEC-s
mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs saerTaSoriso da regionalur
organizaciebs Soris. aRniSnuli saerTaSoriso da regionuli
kalendari
88 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
organizaciebis mier Seqmnili Savi zRvis vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis
banki (BSTDB-i) afinansebs mTel rig proeqtebs BSEC-is wevr qveynebSi.
13131313 transportitransportitransportitransporti/luis miSelma, belgiis samefos sagareo saqmeTa ministrma
da irakli menaRariSvilma, saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministrma
xeli moaweres SeTanxmebas saqarTvelos, belgiasa da luqsemburgs
Soris TanamSromlobaze sazRvao, satvirTo da samgzavro gadazidvebis
sferoSi.
19191919 sainvesticio saagento/sainvesticio saagento/sainvesticio saagento/sainvesticio saagento/ parlamentma erTxmad daamtkica kanonproeqti
“saqarTvelos erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos Sesaxeb”.
kanonproeqtis mTavari mizania, saqarTvelos sawarmoo potencialis
ganviTarebisaTvis saxelmwifo xelSewyobis institutis SemoReba.
kanonproeqti SemuSavebul iqna ekonomikis, mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis
saministros mier. kanoni iTvaliswinebs axali struqturebis
formirebas, romlebic mniSvnelovnad Seuwyoben xels mrewvelobis
ganviTarebas, rogorc finansuri, aseve saxelmwifo mxardaWeris
TvalsazrisiTac. saagentos dafinansebis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens
prezidentis mrewvelobis ganviTarebis sainvesticio fondi da
sxvadasxva grantebi.
25252525 BSEC----i/i/i/i/ BSEC-is wevri qveynebis delegaciebis meTaurebma ganixiles
energetikis, transportisa da kavSirgabmulobis sferoebSi regionuli
TanamSromlobis sakiTxebi da daamtkices BSEC-is stambulis samitis
deklaracia “TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis 10 weli: momavalis
xedva”. deklaraciaSi Sefasebulia BSEC-is saqmianoba da
gansazRvrulia misi ganviTarebis mTavari mimarTulebebi.
ivlisi 1111 Cais eqsporti/ Cais eqsporti/ Cais eqsporti/ Cais eqsporti/ prezidentma SevardnaZem xeli moawera brZanebulebas
“qarTuli Cais eqsportis SenarCunebis saxelmwifo programis
mxardaWeris Sesaxeb”. brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, axlo momavalSi
gamocxaddeba tenderi finansuri resursebis ganawilebaze. satendero
komisiam, , finansTa ministris mirian gogiaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT,
unda SeimuSavos satendero pirobebi. programis mizania SeinarCunos
da gaafarToos qarTuli Cais eqsporti sagareo bazarze. mimdinare
wlis saxelmwifo biujetiT gaTvaliswinebulia 3 milioni lari
qarTuli Cais eqsportis mxardaWerisTvis.
4444 momxmareblis uflebaTa dacva/momxmareblis uflebaTa dacva/momxmareblis uflebaTa dacva/momxmareblis uflebaTa dacva/ riggareSe saparlamento sesiaze,
pirveli wakiTxviT iqna miRebuli 4 ivlisis Sesworebebi
“momxmareblis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb” kanonSi, romlebic
antimonopoliuri samsaxuris mier iqna wardgenili. importirebul
sasursaTo produqtebze, kosmetikur da sayofacxovrebo
daniSnulebis saqonelze qarTul enaze gakeTebuli aRniSvnebis
SemoReba gaTvaliswinebulia 2002 wlis 1 noembridan, xolo
farmacevtulze – 2003 wlis 1 ianvridan.
kalendari
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 89
19191919 GUUAM----i/i/i/i/ ialtaSi Catarda GUUAM-is wevri qveynebis Sexvedra,
romlis farglebSic xeli moewera ukrainas, moldovas, saqarTvelosa
da azerbaijans Soris Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb mravalmxrivi
SeTanxmebis damfuZnebel deklaracias.
25252525 eqsporti/ eqsporti/ eqsporti/ eqsporti/ saqarTvelos parlamentma ar gaagrZela xe-tyis eqsportze
dawesebuli droebiTi barieris moqmedebis vada, romelic 2001 wlis
bolos amoiwura da aseve, moxsna akrZalva Savi liTonis jarTis
eqsportze, romelsac vada zafxulSi gauvida.
agvisto 1111 milsadeni/milsadeni/milsadeni/milsadeni/ londonSi xeli moewera kompania “baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis”
damfuZnebel dokumentebs. dokumentebis xelmoweris ceremoniaSi
monawileoba miiRes sami satranzito teritoriis mflobeli qveynis –
azerbaijanis, TurqeTisa da saqarTvelos - mTavrobis
warmomadgenlebma.
navTobis tranziti/navTobis tranziti/navTobis tranziti/navTobis tranziti/ saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso navTobkorporaciam
(GIOC) da ukrainis saxelmwifo saaqcionero kompaniam “Uktransnafta” xeli moaweres ganzraxvebis Sesaxeb protokols. aRniSnuli
dokumentis Tanaxmad, mxareebi erToblivad warmarTaven saqmianobas
saqarTvelos teritoriaze navTobis transportirebisaTvis derefnis
gafarToebis mizniT.
daxmareba/daxmareba/daxmareba/daxmareba/ germaniis federalurma mTavrobam gadasca saqarTvelos
2,5 milioni evro TbilisSi miwisZvris Sedegad dazaralebuli
Senobebis aRsadgenad. Tanxis didi nawili moxmardeba skolebis
aRdgenas. garda amisa, dagegmilia afxazeTisa da cxinvalis
regionebidan ltolvilebis TavSesafarTa da moxucebulTa saxlebis
aRdgena.
seqtemberi
10101010 mTavroba/ mTavroba/ mTavroba/ mTavroba/ 10 seqtembers saqarTvelos prezidentma daamtkica
saxelmwifo antikorufciuli sabWos mier SemuSavebuli proeqti.
proeqti iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministros
gauqmebas da mis nacvlad, holdinguri samsaxuris Seqmnas, romelic
ganaxorcielebs saxelmwifo aqciebis marTvas sawarmoebSi; da aseve,
proeqti iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifo sawarmoTa qonebis marTvis
uflebis finansTa saministrosaTvis gadacemas.
11111111 komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ transportisa da kavSirgabmulobis ministrma, merab
adeiSvilma, samTavrobo sxdomaze ganacxada, rom kompania
“saqarTvelos eleqtroxazebma” unda gadasces marTvis ufleba
norvegiul kompania “TELENOR-s”. man moiTxova, rom aRniSnul
kalendari
90 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT politikuri gadawyvetileba dauyovnebliv
iqnes miRebuli.
11111111 TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ TanamSromloba/ kompania “Siemens-is” prezidenti doq. henrix fon
pireri da saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministri, avTandil jorbenaZe
gamovidnen iniciativiT, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan Camoyalibdes
specialuri jgufi, romelic imuSavebs saqarTvelosa da kompania
“Siemens-s” Soris TanamSromlobis grZelvadian (5-7 weli) programaze.
TanamSromloba moicavs Semdeg seqtorebs: energetika, transporti,
komunikaciebi, jandacva da aseve baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanisa da baqo-
Tbilisi-erzrumis proeqtebs. samuSao jgufi SeimuSavebs
proeqtisaTvis biznes gegmebs da mobilizebas gaukeTebs proeqtis
realizebisaTvis saWiro finansur resursebs.
16161616 komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ komunikaciebi/ 16 seqtembers, tele da radio kompaniebTan Sexvedraze,
erovnulma kavSirgabmulobis komisiam ganacxada, rom kanoniT
akrZalulia aralicenzirebuli programebis mauwyebloba. Sesabamisi
cvlilebebi Setanil iqna “saqarTvelos kavSirgabmulobisa da fostis
samsaxuris Sesaxeb” kanonSi 2002 wlis maisSi da tele da radio
kompaniebs miecaT adaptirebis vada 2002 wlis 1 seqtembramde. rogorc
vaxtang abaSiZem – komisiis Tavmjdomarem - aRniSna, aralicenzirebuli
programebis mauwyeblobis akrZalvis sakiTxi dRis wesrigSi dadga mas
Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom xeli moawera konkretul saerTaSoriso
SeTanxmebebs saavtoro uflebaTa dacvaze.
18181818 milsadeni/ milsadeni/ milsadeni/ milsadeni/ 18 seqtembers, baqodan 40km moSorebiT mdebare sangaCalis
navTobterminalze, gaimarTa baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis mTavari saeqsporto
milsadenis mSeneblobis dawyebis ceremonia. ceremonias eswreboda
saqarTvelos prezidenti eduard SevardnaZe, azerbaijanis prezidenti
heidar alievi, TurqeTis prezidenti neset sezeri, SeerTebuli
Statebis energetikis seqtoris mdivani spenser ebrahami da sxva
oficialuri pirebi. baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis mTavari saeqsporto
milsadeni uzrunvelyofs weliwadSi 50 milioni tona kaspiis zRvis
navTobis miwodebas TurqeTis xmelTaSua zRvis, jeihanis navsadgurze.
18181818----20202020 sapensio reforma/ sapensio reforma/ sapensio reforma/ sapensio reforma/ TbilisSi gaimarTa saerTaSoriso konferencia
“saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, romlis
organizatorebi iyvnen saqarTvelos mTavroba da socuzrunvelyofis
erTiani saxelmwifo fondi. konferenciaSi monawileoba miiRes
socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociaciisa da sapensio da
socialuri fondebis asociaciis maRali Tanamdebobis pirebma.
konferenciaze ganixiles sxvadasxva qveynebSi, sapensio da socialuri
dazRvevis sistemebSi mimdinare procesebi. konferenciis monawileebis
winaSe warmodgenili iyo saqarTveloSi mimdinare sapensio reforma da
kanonproeqtebi, romlebic daaregulireben socialuri
uzrunvelyofisa da sapensio sistemebis sadazRvevo principebze
gadasvlis process.
kalendari
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 91
19191919 saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia/ saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia/ saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia/ saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia/ 19 seqtembers xelmowerili
SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, saerTaSoriso finansuri korporacia kredits
gamouyofs saaqcionero kompania “mina-s” sawarmoo farTis gafarToeba-
ganaxlebisaTvis. kreditis odenoba, 6 wlis periodisTvis (LIBOR+4%),
6,3 milion aSS dolars Seadgens. krediti unda moxmardes axali
Rumelis damontaJebas (simZlavre - weliwadSi, 20 aTasi tona minis
tara) da Zveli Rumelis rekonstruqcias. eqspertTa gaangariSebiT,
aRniSnuli samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg, sawarmos farTo
asortimentis, maRali xarisxis minis taris produqciis moculoba,
weliwadSi, 40 aTas tonamde gaizrdeba.
20202020 2003 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti/ 2003 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti/ 2003 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti/ 2003 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti/ 20 seqtembers samTavrobo sesiaze
ganixiles Semdegi wlis biujetis parametrebi. mTavrobam gansazRvra
biujetis prioritetebi momavali wlisaTvis: Tavdacvis, uSiSroebis,
ganaTlebis, socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da jandacvis sistemebis
gaZliereba. aRniSnul iqna, rom biujetis proeqti iTvaliswinebs am
mimarTulebiT gacilebiT ufro didi moculobis resursebs, vidre
wina wlebis biujetebiT iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. kanonis Sesabamisad,
mTavrobam Semdegi wlis biujetis proeqti parlamentis winaSe
2 oqtombramde unda waradginos. saxelmwifo biujetis proeqtis
saboloo varianti SeTanxmebuli unda iyos ssf-is misiasTan.
25252525 pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi/ pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi/ pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi/ pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi/ gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis konferenciis (UNCTAD) informaciis
Tanaxmad, pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis mobilizebis mixedviT
reitingSi, saqarTvelos ukavia 36-e adgili, azerbaijans- 8-e, somxeTs –
15-e adgili. gaeros wevri qveynebis reitingi iTvaliswinebs pirdapir
ucxour investiciebisa da mSp-s saerTo moculobebSi qveynis wilebs
Soris urTierTkavSirs, 1998- 2000 wlebis periodSi.
27272727 eleqtroenergia/ eleqtroenergia/ eleqtroenergia/ eleqtroenergia/ pirveli oqtombridan, eleqtroenergiis tarifi
izrdeba 0,013 lariT, 0,124-dan 0,137 laramde 1 kvt/saaTSi, TbilisSi da
0,005 lariT, 0,08 laridan 0,085 laramde - regionebSi.
29292929 Marriott Tbilisi Hotel–i/ prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem monawileoba
miiRo, TbilisSi, pirveli 5-varskvlaviani sastumro M”Marriott Tbilisi-is” oficialuri gaxsnis ceremoniaSi.
danarTi I.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
92 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
iohan ferStratenis,
socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociaciss (susa) prezidentis moxseneba saerTaSoriso konferenciaze
“saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”,
organizebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis da
socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mier Tbilisi, 2002 wlis 18-20 seqtemberi
misalmeba
batonebo da qalbatonebo!
• rodesac RmerTma daasrula samyaros Seqmna, man gadawyvita gaenawilebina
dedamiwa sxvadasxva xalxebs Soris. RmerTma TavisTan miiwvia sxvadasxva eris
warmomadgenlebi, raTa gamoeyo TiToeulisTvis misTvis gankuTvnili miwis
nawili.
am dros qarTvelebi sazeimo sufrasTan atarebdnen dros da rodesac RmerTis
winaSe warsdgnen, ukve gviani aRmoCnda: mTeli dedamiwa ukve ganawilebuli iyo.
imis magivrad, rom danaRvlianebuliyvnen, qarTvelebma gadawyvites moexiblaT
RmerTi simRerebiTa da cekvebiT da maSin, RmerTma ase mimarTa qarTvelebs: “Tqven
ise lamazad mReriT da cekvavT da ise tkbebiT sicocxliT, rom me ar SemiZlia
gagiSvaT carieli xeliT. wadiT da aiReT miwis is nakveTi, romelic me CemTvis
SevarCie da kargad gamoiyeneT igi”.
miuxedavad didi sirTuleebisa, romlebsac Tqveni qveyana ganicdis, me minda
gavixseno es optimizmiTa da imediT aRsavse legenda, romelic kargad
warmogviCens qarTveli erisaTvis damaxasiaTebel zogierT mTavar Tvisebas.
• rogorc socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociaciis (susa ) prezidents,
mixaria rom dRes var aq, TqvenTan erTad da SesaZlebloba maqvs susa-s saxeliT
mogesalmoT. amJamad, susa awarmoebs msoflios 148 qveyanaSi moqmedi
378 organizaciis gadajgufebas. es organizaciebi administrirebas uweven
socialuri uzrunvelyofis im savaldebulo RonisZiebebs ganxorcielebas,
romlebic uzrunvelyofen socialur dacvas mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi.
susa-s ZiriTadi amocana da mTavari mizani, romelSic me Rrmad var
darwmunebuli namdvilad keTilSobiluria: socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis
xelSewyoba da ganviTareba mTel msoflioSi, kacobriobis Semdgomi
ganviTarebisaTvis socialuri samarTlianoba safuZvelze. amdenad, ssua metad
dainteresebulia socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis gamarTulad
funqcionirebaSi.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 93
minda mivuloco da madloba vuTxra saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da saqarTvelos
socuzrunvelyofis saxelmwifo erToan fonds saerTaSoriso konferenciis
organizebisaTvis socialuri uzrunvelyofis erT-erT mTavar axal amocanasTan
dakavSirebiT: socuzrunvelyofa xandazmulobis asakSi.
Sesavali
mravali weli gavida mas Semdeg, rac mTeli samyaro berlinis kedlis dangreviT
gamowveuli sixarulis mowme gaxda. msoflios Zalisxmeva mimarTul iqna yofil
socqveynebSi gegmuridan sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlisaken. im movlenebiT aRsavse
periodSi, romelsac regionis erT-erTma wamyvanma refortmatorma sworad uwoda
“eqstraordinaluri politikis” periodi, yvelaferi SesaZlebeli gveCveneboda.
samwuxarod, im qveynebma, romelTa ekonomika adre centraluri dagegmvis
eqvemdebareboda, 90-an wlebSi ganicades krizisi, romelsac Tavisi simZlavriT,
mxolod did depresias Tu SevadarebT.
sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesSi mniSvnelovanma ekonomikurma da
socialurma problemebma iCines Tavi: Semcirda dasaqmeba da mosaxleobis
Semosavlebi, gaRrmavda uTanabrobebi Semosavlebis doneebSi, gaizarda siRaribe da,
fiskaluri kontrolis dakargvam, romelic Tan erTvis sabazro ekonomikaze
gadasvlis process, inflaciis stabilizebisaTvis fiskaluri deficitis Semcirebis
saWiroebasTan erTad, yvela qveyanaSi gamoiwvia mTavrobis socialuri xarjebis
Semcireba.
garda amisa, gardamavali periodis dawyebasTan erTad Tavi iCina seriozulma
sagareo problemebmac. centraluri dagegmarebis sabWouri sistemebis
institucionaluri da teqnologiuri kavSirebis gawyveta, romelmac gamoiwvia
warmoebisaTvis resursebis uzrunvelyofisa da warmoebuli produqciis gasaRebis
sistemaTa moSla, centridan sabiujeto gadaricxvebis dakargva da subsididrebuli
energomatareblebis importis Sewyveta, Zlieri dartyma aRmoCnda mravali
qveynisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki zogierTi axlad damoukidebeli dsT-s qveynisaTvis,
sadac ekonomikuri da socialuri vardnis procesi metad mtkivneulad warimarTa.
90-an wlebSi sagareo ekonomikuri garemoc aseve naklebad xelsayreli iyo da
sxvadasxva finansurma krizisebma aseve xeli Seuwyo warmoebis aRdgenis procesis
Seferxebas an SeCerebas. amasTan, zogierT qveynaSi gaCaRebulma omebma da samoqalaqo
dapirispirebam imsxverpla bevri sicocxle da moSala infrastruqura, xeli SeuSala
reformebze politikuri konsensusis miRwevas, rac aucilebeli iyo gardamavali
periodis warmatebiT ganxorcielebisaTvis.
rac Seexeba socialur uzrunvelyofas, gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebs,
gardamavali periodis dawyebamde, kargad ganviTarebuli socialuri seqtorebi
hqondaT: maTi socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebi faravda imave riskebs rasac
ganviTarebuli qveynebis socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebi. socialuri
uzrunvelyofis sistema, romelic mTeli mosaxleobis “dabadebidan gardacvalebamde”
dacvas uzrunvelyofda – sayovelTao da universaluri iyo. magram am sayovelTao
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
94 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
socialuri dacvis sistemis moSlis Semdeg daucveli mosaxleoba pirispir aRmoCnda
ekonomikur problemebTan. es gansakuTrebiT exeba dsT-s bevr qveyanas, romlebmac
droulad ver ganaxorcieles socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis reforma. garda
amisa, socialuri transfertebis realuri Rirebuleba inflaciam Seamcira, ise rom
sadazRvevo sistemebma da uzrunvelyofis programebma ver SesZles mosaxleobis
gaWirvebuli fenebis dacva siRaribisgan.
gardamaval periodSi gaizarda moTxovna socialuri daxmarebebis miRebaze da
imavdroulad mniSvnelovnad Semcirda dafinansebis potenciali. ekonomikuri
aqtiurobis vardnam Seamcira bevri qveynis saSemosavlo baza, da gasawevi xarjebis
valdebulebebis zrdasTan erTad, safuZveli Seuqmna erTgvari mojadoebuli wris
formirebas. nawilobriv imis gamo, rom Camoyalibebis procesSi myofi sagadasaxado
struqturebi ver axorcielebdnen jerovani donis administrirebas, da xelisufleba
xSirad ver iCenda politikur nebas kanonebis realurad asamoqmedeblad,
gadasaxdebis gadaxda Semcirda, xolo Crdilovani ekonomikis xvedriTi wili
gaizarda.
• sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis aTi wlis gamocdilebam gviCvena, rom es
istoriulad uprecedento procesi bevr qveyanaSi sulac ar aris dasrulebuli.
siRaribe da Semosavlebis doneebs Soris uTanabroba zogierT qveyanaSi mkveTrad
gaizarda da manamde arnaxul zRvars miaRwia. rig qveynebSi, 90-ani wlebis
dasawyisSi wamowyebuli reformebi garkveulwilad Seferxda, zogierT
SemTxvevaSi ki saerTod Sewyda. bevri gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveyana
kvlavac imyofeba gegmur da sabazro ekonomikas Soris gaurkvevel mdgomareobaSi.
axali aTaswleulis dasawyisisaTvis, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis arsebuli
doneebis mixedviT mniSvnelovani sxvaoba arsebobs centralur da samxreT-
aRmosavleT evropas da aseve baltiis qveynebsa da dsT-s qveynebs Soris.
centraluri da samxreT-aRmosavleTi evropis da baltiis qveynebSi, oficialurad
Sefasebuli mTliani Sida produqtis moculoba (mSp), romelic gardamavali
periodis dasawyisSi daeca, 90-ani wlebis dones iqna gaTanabrebuli jer kidev
1998 wels, Semdeg ki 2000 wels am dones 6 procentiT gadaaWarba. dsT-s qveynebSi
ki, 2000 wels, mSp-s moculobam 90-ani wlebis donis mxolod 62,7 procenti
Seadgina.
sapensio sistema
gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris
memkvidreobidan SemorCenili PAYG-is sapansio sistemebi, TavianTi didi daufaravi
valdebulebebiT, tvirTad awveba saxelmwifo finansebs da danazogebis warmoqmnas
grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi.
yvelaze dramatul SemTxvevebSi, arsebulma krizisulma mdgomareobam qveynebi
miiyvana Zalian rTuli moklevadiani politikis arCevamde. zogierT
dabalSemosavlian qveynaSi, romelic SezRuduli resursebiT da sagadasaxdo
Semosavlebis Zalze dabali doniT xasiaTdeboda, saWiro iyo Tanabari odenobis
daxmarebebis sapensio sistemaze gadasvla, yvelaze Raribi xandazmuli mosaxleobis
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 95
dasacavad, vidre finansuri mdgomareoba SesaZlebels ar gaxdida sxva sistemaze
gadasvlas.
unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelo TandaTanobiT axerxebs xelsayreli garemos
Seqmnas grZelvadiani reformebisaTvis: sabanko sistemis da zogadad, finansuri
seqtoris reforma, kapitalis bazrebis ganviTareba da mZlavri zedamxedvelobis
aparatis Seqmna, romelic uzrunvelyofs gamWirvalobas.
rac Seexeba socialur ganviTarebas, minda moviyvano citata saqarTvelos
prezidentis 2000 wlis 7 maisis #179 gankargulebadan “saqarTvelos socialuri
ganviTarebis konceptualuri safuZvlebis ganxorcielebisaTvis saswrafo
RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb”:
“pirvel fazaSi, Zalze SezRuduli ekonomikuri resursebis pirobebSi, saWiroa
kompleqsuri RonisZiebebis gatareba mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis standartebis
stabilizaciisTvis, efeqturi saqmianobis dawyeba siRaribis dasaZlevad, mosaxleobis
sxvadasxva kategoriebs Soris cxovrebis doneebSi arsebuli uTanabrobis Semcireba,
masobrivi umuSevrobisgan Tavis daRweva, mosaxleobis Sromisa da socialuri
uflebebis dacva.
meore faza (2002-2005 ww.) SesaZlebels gaxdis realuri materialuri da
finansuri rezervebis xarjze xarjebis gazrdas socialur programebze.
mesame fazaSi, stabiluri ekonomikuri zrdis miRweviT, niadagi socialuri
ganviTarebisaTvis sakmarisad myari gaxdeba, Camoyalibdeba farTo socialuri
integraciis Ria sazogadoeba, sadac TiToeuli SesZlebs sakuTari potencialisa da
SesaZleblobebis realizebas.”
es gza, udavod, sworia.
WeSmaritad, socialuri ganviTareba ekonomikuri ganviTarebis damatebiT
faqtors ar warmoadgens: igi dabalansebuli ekonomikuri ganviTarebis arsebiTi
elementia. socialuri ganviTareba ar SeiZleba dafinansdes sazogadoebaSi, sadac
simdidre ar iqmneba da ar SeiZleba adgili hqondes gadanawilebas iq, sadac
araferia gasanawilebeli.
qvemoT moyvanili faqtorebi optimisturad gangvawyobs saqarTvelos social-
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis perspeqtivisadmi:
1. qveynis resursebis simdidre: adamianuri kapitalis siuxve, rogorc
janmrTelobis standartebis, aseve ganaTlebis donis TvalsazrisiT; qveynis Tbili
klimati da adgilmdebareoba Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze, rac qveyanas
xelsayrels xdis turizmisTvis da soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisaTvis (Cai,
citrusebi, yurZeni, bostneuli da marcvleuli kulturebi); mineraluri da sawvavi
nedleulis sabadoebis siWarbe (manganumi, rkina, oqro, naxSiri da navTobi), mravali
swrafi dinebis mdinare, hidroeleqtroenergiis mniSvnelovani wyaro da tyeebi,
romlebic uzrunvelyofen celulozisa da xis masalis resursebs.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
96 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
2. sruli gaazreba imisa, rom qveynis socialuri ganviTarebis gasaumjobeseblad
saWiro ekonomikuri zrdis done damokidebulia arsebuli uTanabrobis doneze: rac
ufro didi iqneba uTanabroba Semosavlebis ganawilebaSi, miT ufro naklebad
isargeblebs zrdis SedegebiT Raribi mosaxleoba.
dafasebas da aRfrTovanebas imsaxurebs saqarTvelos xelisuflebis da xalxis
simtkice, moTmineba da simamace, romlebic miuxedavad gardamavali periodis
sirTuleebisa da gaWirvebisa, mainc optimisturad arian ganwyobili qveynis
momavlisadmi. mTavrobisa da sxvadasxva struqturebis mier TavianTi valdebulebebis
pirnaTlad ganxorcilebas Sedegad unda mohyves mniSvnelovani winsvla.
daskvna
socialuri uzrunvelyofis saboloo mizania mosaxleobisaTvis ara mxolod
minimaluri Semosavlis, aramed socialuri integraciis garantirebac. Tu qveynis
moqalaqeebs ar SeuZliaT monawileoba miiRon Sromis bazarze, isini ver SesZleben
monawileobis miRebas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSic.
socialuri dacva da socialuri samarTlianoba aRiarebulia rogorc stabiluri
msoflio wyobis mTavari sayrdeni da, qmediTunariani sapensio sistemis Seqmna
mniSvnelovanwilad uwyobs xels am miznis ganxorcielebas.
TiToeulma qveyanam unda SeimuSaos sakuTari ganviTarebis programa, qveynisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebis, konkretuli saWiroebebisa da socialur da
ekonomikur garemoSi momxdari cvlilebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
es, mniSvnelovanwilad, politikuri arCevanis sakiTxia.
batonebo da qalbatonebo!
aq, mistikiT aRsavse kolxeTSi, iasonma da misma argonavtebma oqros sawmisis
ZiebiTa da mopovebiT, miaRwies TavianTi mogzaurobis mizans.
darwmunebuli var, esoden mniSvnelovani konferenciis dros, cecxli romelic
promeTem RmerTebs mostaca, qarTvelebs gzas gaunaTebs socialuri uzrunvelyofis
sistemis Seqmnis miznis misaRwevad swori nabijebis gadasadgmelad.
Tqveni rwmena, mtkice neba da sicocxlis siyvaruli, Tqveni temperamenti da
megobrobis didi unari da stumarTmoyvareoba, romlis simboloa qarTlis deda,
romelsac erT xelSi uWiravs moyvarisaTvis Rvinis fiala, meoreSi ki maxvili –
mtrisgan dasacavad - ueWvelad daexmareba qarTvelebs aqtualuri problemebis
mogvarebaSi.
qarTveli xalxis bunebisa da mdidari miwis wyalobiT, saqarTvelo darwmunebuli
unda iyos xvalindel dReSi da unda sjerodes naTeli momavlisa.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 97
darwmunebuli var, rom susa did daxmarebas gauwevs saqarTvelos
funqcionirebadi socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi
gamocdilebis gaziarebisa da informaciuli uzrunvelyofis gziT.
yvelas gisurvebT warmatebas!
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
98 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
uprecedento amocana
gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebs, sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlamde,
kargad ganviTarebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistema hqondaT. maT
mniSvnelovani resursebi moaxmares TavianT socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebs,
romlebic igive riskebs faravdnen, romlebsac ganviTarebul qveynebSi moqmedi
socialuri dacvis sistemebi.
gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebis umetesobaSi ganviTarebulma mZlavrma
ekonomikurma da socialurma krizisma, es qveynebi uprecedento problemebis winaSe
daayena. sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis procesma gazarda socialuri
daxmarebebisadmi moTxovna, maSin roca dafinansebisaTvis saWiro resursebi Semcirda.
ekonomikuri aqtiurobis dacemis Sedegad Semcirda aseve saSemosavlo bazac, ramac
xarjebis mzard valdebulebebTan erTad, xeli Seuwyo erTgvari mojadoebuli wris
Seqmnas.
rogorc Sedegi, gardamavali ekonomikis qveynebi dgebian socialuri
uzrunvelyofis sistemis reformirebis aucileblobis winaSe, raTa uzrunvelyon
sakuTari moqalaqeebis keTildReoba da erTgvari biZgi miscen ekonomikur zrdas.
sapensio sistemis reforma, qveynis keTildReobisa da aseve, socialuri erTianobis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis, mocemuli strategiis centraluri elementia.
gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebma, iseve rogorc yvela sxva qveynebma,
qmediTunariani sapensio sistemebi unda Seqmnan. qmediTunarianoba gulisxmobs
mimdinare reJimSi socialuri miznebis dakmayofilebis unars da imavdrulad, sxva
mniSvnelovani politikuri miznebis ganxorcielebas, magaliTad jansaRi saxelmwifo
finansebis sistemis Camoyalibeba da Taobebs Soris Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa.
amis mizania momavali da mimdinare pensionerebisTvis Semosavlis adeqvaturi donis
uzrunvelyofa, momavali TaobebisaTvis zedmeti tvirTis Seqmnis an saxelmwifo
finansebSi disbalansis Setanis gareSe.
belgiis socialuri da sapensio sakiTxebis ministri, b-ni frank vanderbruke
ganmartavs, rom sapensio sistemis qmediTunarianoba gaazrebul unda iqnes ara
mxolod sabiujeto da finansuri mdgradobis, aramed ufro farTo, socialuri
mdgradobis TvalsazrisiT. es gulisxmobs sapensio sistemis unars uzrunvelyos
socialuri miznebis ganaxorcieleba, rac mis mTavar amocanas warmoadgens.
b-nma vanderbrukma xazi gausva imas, rom sapensio sakiTxi aris mniSvnelovani
ekonomikuri aspeqtis mqone socialuri sakiTxi da ara mniSvnelovani socialuri
elementis mqone ekonomikuri problema.
socialuri da ekonomikuri keTildReobis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna
SeuZlebelia. ekonomikuri keTildReobis gareSe, arc erT qveyanas ar SeuZlia
daakmayofilos Tavisi moqalaqeebis socialuri moTxovnilebebi. magram aseve arc
erT qveyanas ar SeiZleba vuwodoT ayvavebuli, Tu ki am qveynis moqalaqeebs,
saxelmwifos mxridan yovelgvari daxmarebis gareSe, Tavad uwevT siRaribesa da
avadmyofobasTan dapirispireba.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 99
sinamdvileSi, socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis mTavari mizania socialuri
integraciis miRweva da ara mxolod moqalaqeebis minimaluri SemosavliT
uzrunvelyofa. socialuri erTianoba harmoniuli, stabiluri, mSvidobiani da
erTiani sazogadoebis formirebis winapirobaa, maSin roca SemosavlebSi arsebuli
metismetad didi uTanabroba warmoadgens safrTxes demokratiis, socialuri
ganviTarebisa da ekonomikuri zrdisaTvis. socialuri uzrunvelyofa, faqtobrivad,
prevenciuli strategiaa, romelic gamiznulia ZviradRirebuli socialuri
problemebis minimumade Semcirebaze momavalSi da efeqturi daxmarebis
uzrunvelyofaze sazogadoebisTvis.
socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis ZiriTadi principebi
TiToeulma qveyanam unda Camoayalibos sakuTari socialuri uzrunvelyofis
sistema qveynis realuri ekonomikuri, socialuri da politikuri pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis erTiani modeli ar arsebobs,
magram yvela sistema unda Seesabamebodes Semdeg ZiriTad principebs:
savaldebulo gawevrianebis principisavaldebulo gawevrianebis principisavaldebulo gawevrianebis principisavaldebulo gawevrianebis principi
saxelmwifo struqturebis mier formirebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis
sistemebi, umetesad, dafuZnebulia savaldebulo gawevrianebis principze. aRniSnuli
principi SesaZlebels xdis riskebis gaziarebasa da dafarvas, rasac kerZo seqtori
ver an ar uzrunvelyofs, an uzrunvelyofs metismetad maRal fasebSi.
savaldebulo gawevrianeba mniSvnelovania ori ZiriTadi mizezis gamo.
pirveli, sadac minimaluri siRaribis daZlevis pensiebis dafinanseba damokidebulia
saerTo sapensio fondis mier Segrovebul Semosavalze, calkeul pirebs ar unda
hqondeT SesaZlebloba imisa, rom ar miiRon monawileoba socialuri uzrunvelyofis
sistemaSi, mxolod imitom, rom ar surT gaiRon daxmarebis wili maTTvis, visac
ufro dabali Semosavali aqvT. meore da, SesaZloa, ufro mniSvnelovani aris is
faqtori, rom savaraudod, mosaxleobis didi nawili “axlomxedvelia”. aseTi
axlomxedveli adamianebi pensiaze gasvlisaTvis danazogebis dagrovebaze ar
izruneben da Semdeg tvirTad daawvebian saxelmwifos, maSin roca garkveuli zomebis
miRebis SemTxvevaSi, isini SesZlebdnen pensiaze gasvlamde Senatanebis gakeTebas
sakmarisi odenobiT.
savaldebulo sistemebis swori funqcionireba gulisxmobs farTo socialur
konsensuss, romelic am sistemebis samarTlianobisadmi rwmenaze iqneba damyarebuli.
Semdgom, muSakebi Tanaxma iqnebian gaakeTon Senatanebi, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
Tavad an TavianTi warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT, miiReben monawileobas sistemis
SemuSavebisa da marTvis procesSi da im gadawyvetilebebSi, romlebic exeba maTi
Senatanebis gamoyenebas.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
100 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
socialuri solidarobis principisocialuri solidarobis principisocialuri solidarobis principisocialuri solidarobis principi
socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebi gamiznuli unda iyos socialuri
solidarobis principis ganxorcielebasa da resursebis gadanawilebaze. yvela
adamianma, vinc erTsa da imave riskis winaSe dgas, unda gadaixados kompensacia an
Sesatani, raTa ubeduri SemTxvevis finansuri Sedegebi, romelic Seexeba adamianTa
konkretul ricxvs, koleqtiurad daifaros.
minimaluri standartebiminimaluri standartebiminimaluri standartebiminimaluri standartebi
universaluri dafarvis sistema, daxmarebebis adekvaturoba da sistemis
demokratiuli marTva is minimaluri standartebia, romlebic socialuri
uzrunvelyofis sistemis SemoRebisaTvis aris saWiro.
universaluri dafarvis sistema idealuri iqneboda, magram misi
ganxorcieleba yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli. bevr qveyanaSi, aqtiuri mosaxleobis
did nawils ara aqvs sistematuri samuSao da amitom, misi Semosavlebi ar
eqvemdebareba monitorings, da Sesabamisad, maTi dabegvra SeuZlebelia.
daxmarebebi unda iyos adeqvaturi, prognozirebadi da garantirebuli.
sxvagvarad, sapensio uzrunvelyofis mizani realizebuli ver iqneba.
demokratiuli marTva an muSakTa warmomadgenlebis monawileoba socialuri
uzrunvelyofis sistemis marTvaSi, warmoadgens Sesatanebis meSveobiT dafinansebis
pirdapir Sedegebs.
msoflioSi moqmedi sapensio sistemebi
mTavrobis amocanaa SemuSavdes qmediTunariani da samarTliani sapensio
sistema, pensiebis adeqvaturi ganakveTiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs Sesatanebsa da
daxmarebebs, uflebebsa da valdebulebebs, da aqtiur mosaxleobasa da pensionerebs
Soris balansis Seqmnas.
mTavrobas SeuZlia arCevani gaakeTos ramodenime models Soris, romelic
gansazRvravs sapensio sistemebis ekonomikur da socialur zemoqmedebas da
imavdroulad asaxaven socialuri kontraqtis tips, romelzec damyarebulia
konkretuli sapensio sistemis modeli. sapensio sistemebi SeiZleba iyos saxelmwifo
an kerZo marTvis, savaldebulo an nebayofilobiTi monawileobis pirobiT,
gansazRvruli odenobis daxmarebebiT da gansazRvruli odenobis SesatanebiT.
dafarva SeiZleba warmoebdes moqalaqeobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis an daqiravebuli
dasaqmebis mixedviT.
saxelmwifoTa umetesobaSi arCevani gakeTda saxelmwifo PAYG-is (pay-as-you-go) da kerZo PAYE-is (pay-as-you-earn) sistemebs Soris.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 101
PAYG-s sapensio sistemis dafinansebis meqanizms Tu ganvixilavT, aq sapensio
daxmarebaTa mimdinare xarjis dafinanseba xdeba sapensio Senatanebidan, risTvisac
pensionerTa sxvadasxva Taobebs Soris solidarobis principis ganxorcieleba
aucilebel winapirobas warmoadgens. individualuri pensiis gansazRvra, Cveulebriv,
xdeba samuSao staJisa da bolo periodis xelfasis ganakveTis safuZvelze. aseTi
gansazRvruli odenobis daxmarebebis tipis sapensio sistemebSi, risks faraven isini,
visac Sesatanebi Seaqvs.
mocemulma sistemam, romelic moqmedebs ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da
ganviTarebis organizaciis (OECD) wevri qveynebis umetesobaSi, amowura Tavis
SesaZleblobebi. mosaxleobis saerTo, realuri (demografiuli) Tu fiqtiuri
(winasapensio) daberebis Sedegad Seiqmna xarjebis TiTqmis eqsponencialuri mateba
(pensiebi, avadmyofoba) da aqedan gamomdinare, damqiraveblebisa da aqtiuri
mosaxleobisaTvis tvirTi gaizarda.
gansazRvruli odenobis sapensio daxmarebebis sistemebisagan gansxvavebiT,
gansazRvruli (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis an PAYE-s sistemis SemTxvevaSi, romelic
iTvalsiwinebs individualuri angariSebis warmoebas, xdeba Sesatanebis dagroveba da
dabandeba muSaobis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi da, xandazmulobis pensiebi
mWidrod ukavSirdeba saboloo individualur angariSs. mocemuli sapensio
sistemebis Tanaxmad, riskis dafarva xdeba pensionerebis mier. Sesatanebis ganakveTebi
fiqsirdeba da sapensio asakisTvis dagrovebuli kapitalis odenobis gansazRvra
xdeba saprocento ganakveTebis safuZvelze. aSkaraa, rom PAYE-s sapensio sistemebi ver uzrunvelyofen verc garantirebul sapensio daxmarebas da verc solidarobis
principis im xarisxs, romelic aucilebelia minimaluri pensiebis uzrunvelsayofad.
sapensio sistemebis reforma
arsebobs Semdegi ori tipis reforma: parametruli da sistemuri. parametruli
reforma mimarTulia ZiriTadi parametrebis Secvlaze, romlebic akontroleben
sapensio sistemis masStabs da moqmedebis sferos. parametruli reforma gulisxmobs
daxmarebebis mimRebTa rac SeiZleba ufro srul dafarvas da Sesatanebis ganakveTis
regulirebas. sistemuri reforma ki, mizanmimarTulia sapensio sistemis Zireul
restruqturizaciaze.
bolo wlebSi, Cveulebriv, ufro sistemuri reformebi xorcieldeba. es
moicavs gadasvlas winaswar dafinansebul, kerZo marTvis sistemaze, romelic
iTvaliswinebs gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis individualur
angariSwarmoebas.
gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis pringansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis pringansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis pringansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis principicipicipicipi
bevri qveyana irCevs gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis princips imis
gamo, rom mas didi upiratesobebi gaaCnia:
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
102 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
• mobilurobis xelSewyoba;
• fondis mmarTvelebs Soris konkurenciis xelSewyoba;
• sainvesticio politikasTan dakavSirebiT muSakebisaTvis Tavisufali arCevanis
gakeTebis saSualebis micema;
• politikuri damoukideblobis gaZliereba.
amasTan, gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiT) Sesatanebze dafuZnebul models
ramodenime seriozuli susti mxare aqvs:
pirveli, aRniSnuli modeli moiTxovs, rom muSakebma Tavis Tavze aiRon riskis
didi nawili, vinaidan misaRebi daxmarebebis done gacilebiT Znelad
prognozirebadia. muSakebisTvis erT-erT risks warmoadgens is, rom maT mier
dazogili Tanxa SeiZleba arasakmarisi aRmoCndes adeqvaturi pensiis
uzrunvelsayofad. maTi pensiebi SeiZleba araadeqvaturi odenobis iyos kapitalis,
reinvestirebis an inflaciis riskis gamo.
meore, SeiZleba warmoiSvas sirTuleebi anuitetis uzrunvelyofasTan
dakavSirebiT. gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiTi) Sesatanebis angariSebi unda
gadayvanil iqnes mudmiv anuitetSi, rac uzrunvelyofs garantias, rom sapensio
Semosavlebis gacema pensiis mimRebTa mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldeba.
mudmiv anuitetSi gadayvanis Sedegad, ori mniSvnelovani strategiuli sakiTxi dgeba:
unda gansxvavdebodes Tu ara anuitetis odenoba sqesis mixedviT? saWiroa Tu ara
anuitetebis mimwodebelTa mier anuitetebis koreqtireba fasebsa da xelfasebSi
momxdari cvlilebebis asaxvis mizniT, muSakis pensiaze gasvlis Semdeg,?
mesame, mTavroba mainc valdebuli rCeba uzrunvelyos mosaxleoba minimaluri
pensiiT.
winaswari dafinansebawinaswari dafinansebawinaswari dafinansebawinaswari dafinanseba
winaswari dafinanseba niSnavs saxsrebis dagrovebas momaval sapensio
gasacemlebTan mimarTebaSi. es koncefcia saSualebas aZlevs pensiebis gadamxdels
uzrunvelyos Semosavlebisa da xarjebis ufro zusti Sesabamisoba da uzrunvelyofs
garantias, rom sapensio dapirebebi Sesruldeba, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu kompania
romelmac aseTi dapirebebi gaakeTa, Sewyvets saqmianobas muSakis pensiaze gasvlis
momentisTvis.
winaswar dafinansebas ramodenime upiratesoba gaaCnia.
pirveli, winaswari dafinansebisas, pensiebis dafinansebis xarjebi ufro
farTod nawildeba. am dros, dafinansebis valdebulebaTa nawili gadadis kapitalze,
riTac farTovdeba baza sapensio SemosavlebisaTvis.
meore, winaswari dafinanseba SesaZlebels xdis mocemuli sapensio daxmarebis
paketis dafinansebas Sesatanis ufro dabali ganakveTiT. es SesaZlebelia mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu sapensio saxsrebis xarjze miRebuli wminda mogeba (administraciuli
xarjebis gareSe) aRemateba sapensio sistemiT dafaruli Semosavlebis zrdas.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 103
mniSvnelovania warumatebeli investirebis riskis minimizacia da Warbi
administraciuli xarjis Tavidan acileba.
mesame, winaswari dafinanseba zrdis danazogebs. igi gazrdis danazogebs im
donemde, ra donemdec winaswari dafinansebis gegma aiZulebs masSi monawile muSakebs
gaakeTon imaze meti odenobis danazogebi, vidre isini moisurvebdnen.
meoTxe, winaswari dafinanseba SeiZleba dagvexmaros kapitalis bazrebis
efeqturobis gaumjobesebaSi. iq, sadac kapitalis bazrebi arsebobs, magram ar aris
srulad ganviTarebuli, winaswar dafinansebulma pensiebma SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos
bazrebis qmediTunarianobis gaumjobesebas da ekonomikis ufro swraf zrdas.
mexuTe, izrdeba muSakTa moTxovna momaval daxmarebebze.
sapensio dagrovebebi winaswari dafinansebis erTaderTi gza ar aris. sapensio
fondebis garda arsebobs agreTve sxva gzebic, romlebiTac momaval pensionerebs
SeuZliaT daicvan TavianTi Tavi demografiuli cvlilebebisgan da maT Soris:
• maT SeuZliaT ganaxorcielon investiciebi qveynebSi, romelTac demografiulad
ufro axalgazrda mosaxleoba hyavT;
• mTavrobas SeuZlia Seamciros momavali saxelmwifo xarjebi, sapensio xarjebSi
mosalodneli matebis kompensirebisaTvis;
• mTavrobas SeuZlia gadados resursebi momavali mzardi moTxovnebis
dasafaravad.
winaswari dafinanseba amcirebs tvirTs saxelmwifosTvis, magram amgvari
gadawyvetilebis Sedegad saswauls ar unda velodoT. naklebad savaraudoa, rom
winaswari dafinanseba gazrdis mogebis odenobas, romelsac muSakebi iReben sapensio
Semosavlebis sistemis funqcionirebis Sedegad. ufro mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom
winaswari dafinanseba ar Seamcirebs demografiuli daberebis xarjebs. Tu
pensionerebis cxovrebis done unda gaizrdos proporciulad cxovrebis
standartebSi mimdinare saerTo zrdisa, maTTvis gankuTvnili daxmarebis xvedriTi
wili ar Seicvleba. mosaxleobis demografiuli daberebis daxmarebis xarjebis
Semcireba saWiroebs parametrul reformebs (magaliTad, sapensio asakis Secvlas).
parametruli cvlilebebis gareSe, naklebad savaraudoa, rom sistemuri reformebi –
cvlilebebi sapensio sistemis struqturasa da dafinansebis strategiaSi –
mniSvnelovnad imoqmedebs xarjebis odenobaze.
winaswari dafinansebis sistemaze gadasvla moiTxovs detalur analizs,
vinaidan mas ori mniSvnelovani naklovani mxare gaaCnia.
winaswar dafinansebuli sapensio sistemebi xorcieldeba etapobrivad da
sakmaod xangrZliv process warmoadgens. mniSvnelovani cvlileba pensiaze gasuli
mosaxleobis ekonomikur mdgomareobaSi, individualuri dafinansebuli angariSebis
sistemis SemoRebidan mxolod 3-4 aTwleulis Semdeg moxdeba.
PAYG-s sapensio sistemidan winaswar dafinansebaze gadasvla, xanmokle
perspeqtivaSi, aucileblad Seqmnis qveyanaSi finansur sirTuleebsa da sabiujeto
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
104 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
problemebs. gardamavali periodis xarjebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rogorc ormagi
datvirTva momuSave Taobaze, vinaidan momavali pensiisaTvis sakuTari danazogebis
axal tvirTTan erTad, maT mouwevT pensiaze ukve gasuli mosaxleobis pensiebis
dafinanseba.
gardamavali periodis xarjebi, muSakTa erTi TaobisaTvis, winaswar
dafinansebas Zalian ZviradRirebuls xdis: am xarjebis gareSe, pensionerebi,
xangrZlivi gardamavali periodis ganmavlobaSi, bevrad ufro maRali daxmarebebiT
isargeblebdnen; SesaZlebeli iqneboda Semosavlebis gamoyeneba sxva socialuri
miznebisTvis; da, naklebi simZimis vali daawveboda mxrebze amJamindel da momavali
Taobis muSakebs, romlebmac unda Seqmnan materialuri faseulobani saprocento
gadasaxadebis dasafaravad. muSakTa verc erTi Taoba ver SesZlebs an ar moisurvebs
aseTi ormagi tvirTis tarebas.
rogorc Sedegi, mTavrobas sxva gzebiT mouwevs pensiebis dafinanseba
gardamavali periodis TaobisTvis. gardamavali periodis arsebiTi xarjebi (CileSi
- mSp-s 5,7 procenti) unda Segrovdes damatebiTi gadasaxadebis, sxva samTavrobo
programebisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli xarjis Semcirebisa an kapitalis bazrebidan
miRebuli sesxebis xarjze.
sapensio sistemebis privatizacia
sapensio sistemebis privatizacia niSnavs, rom pensiebis miwodeba momavalSi
ufro kerZo formiT iqneba organizebuli, vidre adre. principSi, amis miRweva
SeiZleba saxelmwifos funqciebis arasamTavrobo saagentoebisTvis gadacemiT da
kerZo seqtoris mozidviT im sferoebSi, romlebic jer kidev saxelmwifos
kompetenciaSi arian.
qveynebi axorcieleben sapensio sistemebis privatizacias, vinaidan miaCniaT
rom sapensio fondebis saxelmwifo marTva SeiZleba araefeqturi iyos. mTavrobis
miznebs, romlebic sapensio sistemebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli, xSirad Sedegad
mohyveba socialurad da ekonomikurad mizanmimarTuli investiciebi da
mTavrobisTvis iZulebiTi sesxebis gacema, deficitis dasafinanseblad. aRniSnuli
investiciebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad miRebuli mogeba, xSirad sabanko depozitis
ganakveTebze dabalia da TiTqmis yovelTvis Camouvardeba Semosavlebis zrdas.
dabali mogeba uaryofiTad moqmedebs sapensio sistemis finansebze iseve rogorc
mTlianad, qveynis Semosavlis moculobaze.
kerZo marTvas Semdegi upiratesobebi gaaCnia:
• pensiebis investirebis Taobaze gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi politikuri Carevisgan
ufro efeqturi gamijnvis uzrunvelyofa: kerZo marTvaSi arsebuli sapensio
fondebi Cveulebriv ufro maRal mogebas iReben, vidre saxelmwifo marTvaSi
arsebuli fondebi;
• pensionerebisa da muSakebisTvis SeTavazebuli momsaxurebis xarisxis
gaumjobeseba: kerZo marTvaze gadasvla, mouqnel monopolistur biurokratiasTan
saqmis warmoebis momxibvlel alternativas warmoadgens;
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 105
• ufro maRali efeqturoba: kerZo firmebs eqneba ufro didi stimuli Seamciros
xarjebi da ukeTesi SesaZleblobebi aqvT teqnologiuri novaciebisa da
Tanamedrove samuSao praqtikis ganxorcielebis mxriv;
• sapensio fondis Tavisufali arCevani: privatizacia xels uwyobs individualuri
arCevansa da pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebas, radganac uzrunvelyofs fondis
mmarTvelis Tavisufali SerCevis saSualebas; uzrunvelyofs momsaxurebis da
muSaobis karg xarisxs fondis mmarTvelTa Soris konkurenciis xarjze da
amdenad, uzrunvelyofs saTanado sapensio daxmarebebs; amcirebs risks
konkurenciisa da sainvesticio SezRudvebis xarjze. muSakebs saSualeba aqvT
gaakeTon arCevani fondebis mmarTvelebs Soris, Tumca es ar gulisxmobs, rom maT
aseve aqvT Tavisufali arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZlebloba sainvesticio
strategiebs Soris.
kerZo sapensio uzrunvelyofa SeiZleba bevr kiTxvas badebdes da igi yovelTvis
ar aris saxelmwifo sapensio uzrunvelyofaze ukeTesi varianti. mas ramodenime
seriozuli susti mxare aqvs.
konkurencia klientebis mosapoveblad arsebiT da, zog SemTxvevaSi, metismetad
maRal samarketingo xarjebs iwvevs, romlebsac mohyveba maRali administraciuli
xarjebi, rac amcirebs kerZo seqtoris firmebis ufro maRali saoperacio
efeqturobis xarjze miRebul mogebas da Sesabamisad mohyveba mogebis Semcireba
muSakebisTvis.
rogorc argentinis magaliTi gviCvenebs, saxelmwifosTvis privatizacia Zalian
ZviradRirebuli procesia. argentinaSi socialuri uzrunvelyofis seqtoris
privatizaciis Sedegad, mTavrobam dakarga sagadasaxado Semosavlebis didi nawili.
socialuri gadasaxadebi, romlebsac adre mTavroba iRebda Zveli PAYG-is sapensio
sistemis dasafinanseblad, axla kerZo angariSebze iricxeboda. argentina iZulebuli
gaxda aeRo sesxi socialuri uzrunvelyofis sferos privatizaciis Zalian maRali
xarjebis dasafinanseblad.
sapensio fondebis privatizaciam SeiZleba warmoSvas axali problemebi
marTvasTan dakavSirebiT. es moicavs iseT problemebs, rogoricaa instituciuri
funqciebis gansazRvra, aqcionerTa Soris intereseTa konfliqtebi, marTvaSi,
investirebaSi da administrirebaSi profesiuli kompetenciis uqonloba,
angariSwarmoebisa da gamWvirvalobis susti meqanizmebi. sabolood, SeiZleba
daqveiTdes Tavad sapensio fondis efeqturoba da moqalaqeTa ndoba sistemisa da
mTavrobis mimarT.
aRniSnuli problemebi cxadyofs, rom sapensio sistemebis privatizacia ar
aTavisuflebs saxelmwifo seqtors sapensio Semosavlebze pasuxismgeblobisa da
valdebulebisagan. im SemTxvevaSic, sadac sapensio sistemebis administrireba da
dafinanseba nawilobriv gadaeca kerZo seqtors, saxelmwifo institutebi mainc
iTamaSeben mTavar rols kerZo seqtoris mier pensiebis uzrunvelyofaSi.
zogierT qveynaSi dawesebuli aqvT mravali teqnikuri, samarTlebrivi, socialuri,
sagadasaxado da saaRricxvo SezRudvebi kerZo sapensio sistemebze, saxelmwifosa da
momxmareblebis interesebis dasacavad im sferoebSi, romlebic Tavisi
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
106 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
kompleqsurobis gamo, amgvar dacvas saWiroeben. es maregulirebeli da
sazedamxedvelo RonisZiebebi warmoadgenen saWiro dacvas calkeuli muSakebisTvis
da mTlianad sazogadoebisTvis. amgvari zomebis miRebis gareSe, kerZo seqtorma
SeiZleba Seqmnas disbalansi, romelsac grZelvadiani Sedegebi mohyveba.
maSasadame, privatizacia unda ganixilebodes ara rogorc saxelmwifos
monawileobis dasasruli, aramed rogorc axali wamowyeba. igi unda ganixilebodes
rogorc saxelmwifos rolis xelaxali gaazrebisa da formirebis procesi.
saxelmwifos Carevis xarisxi kerZo sapensio sistemebSi, rogorc minimumi, iseTive
rCeba rogorc saxelmwifo sistemebis SemTxvevaSi: “SesaZloa naklebad saxelmwifo
sistema da ueWvelad, sxva saxelmwifo sapensio sistema”.
balansis miRwevis mcdeloba
ukanasknel periodSi, msoflios bevrma qveyanam SemoiRo mravalsafexuriani
sapensio sistema, maT Soris argentinam, boliviam, kolumbiam, ungreTma da Cilem.
amgvari mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistema Seicavs sam sxvadasxva safexurs:
• pirveli safexuri: didi savaldebulo saxelmwifo an naxevrad saxelmwifo
sistema erTi Taobis SigniT da Taobebs Soris gadanawilebis principiT, romelic
SeiZleba iyos srulad dafinansebuli (magaliTad, daniasa da niderlandebSi),
nawilobrivad dafinansebuli (magaliTad, marokoSi, SeerTebul Statebsa da
indoeTSi) an ar iyos dafinansebuli (magaliTad, germaniasa da braziliaSi) da
romelSic gansazRvruli daxmarebebis formula gansazRvravs daxmarebis
odenobas;
• meore safexuri: srulad dafinansebuli, gansazRvruli odenobis (dagrovebiT)
Sesatanebze dafuZnebuli sistemebi, romlebSic daxmarebis odenoba
damokidebulia sapensio asakisTvis muSakis individualur angariSze dagrovebuli
saxsrebis odenobaze. es sistemebi SeiZleba iyos savaldebulo an nebayoflobiTi.
monawileebs SeuZlia daxmarebebis gamotana mTliani Tanxis saxiT, SeuZlia
daxmarebebis gamoyeneba anuitetis SesaZenad an maTi gamotana etapobrivad;
• mesame safexuri: regulirebadi, nebayoflobiTi da kerZo sapensio sistemebi
romlebic emateba pirvel da meore safexurebs.
mocemuli sami safexuri saSualebas aZlevs adamianebs sibereSi finansurad
damoukidebeli darCnen da, SeZlebisdagvarad, SeinarCunon maT mier muSaobis
periodSi miRweuli cxovrebis standartebi.
ramodenime qveyanam SemoiRo socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebi
mravalsafexuriani sapensio sistemis paralelurad. qveynebs dawesebuli aqvT
minimaluri pensiebi, uzrunvelyofis sistemis saxiT, da amgvarad gakeTebuli aqvT
arCevani universaluri Tanabari odenobis pensiebsa da miznobriv pensiebs Soris.
pirveli midgoma minimaluri sapensio ganakveTebiT uzrunvelyofisadmi iTvaliswinebs
yvela moqalaqisaTvis an Tundac sapensio sistemis yvela monawilesaTvis Tanabari
ganakveTis daxmarebis uzrunvelyofas. meore midgoma warmoadgens minimums,
romliTac ivseba sxvagvarad xelmisawvdom daxmarebasa da Semosavlis minimalur
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 107
dones Soris arsebuli sxvaoba. es minimumi aris mxolod damateba da SeTavazebuli
iqneba maTTvis, visi pensiebic sxvagvarad metismetad dabali iqneboda.
miznobriv midgomas, universalur Tanabar pensiebTan SedarebiT, ori didi
upiratesoba aqvs. es ufro iafi meqanizmia minimaluri Semosavlis garantirebis
mxriv, vinaidan igi gaicema mxolod maTze, visac sxvagvarad arasakmarisi Semosavali
eqneboda. da igi adgils tovebs ufro did SemosavlebTan dakavSirebuli
programisTvis.
miznobrivi midgoma xasiaTdeba ramodenime mniSvnelovani uaryofiTi mxariTac:
saxelmwifosTvis iqmneba gaurkveveli samomavlo valdebuleba da misi
administrireba ufro rTulia, vidre universaluri daxmarebebis administrireba.
qveynebs SeuZliaT SesTavazon TavianT moqalaqeebs mxolod pirveli an mxolod
meore safexuri an orive safexuris kombinacia. magram, bevr qveyanas miaCnia, rom
mravalsafexuriani sistema socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemasTan erTad saukeTeso
midgomaa, romelic iTvaliswinebs riskis Semcirebas riskis diversifikaciis xarjze.
aq arsebiTia is, rom riskis diversifikaciisaTvis, pensiebis uzrunvelyofa xdeba
riskis sxvadasxva maxasiaTeblebis mqone sxvadasxva wyaroebidan.
sapensio sistemebis kargi marTva
saxelmwifoebma unda SemoiRon maRalxarisxiani sapensio sistemebi –
saxelmwifo Tu kerZo – imitom, rom TiToeul adamians esaWiroeba dacva
xandazmulobaSi sakmarisi saxsrebis gareSe darCenis riskis winaaRmdeg. marTvis
sakiTxi maSasadame, moqceulia sapensio daxmarebebis saukeTeso gziT uzrunvelyofis
Taobaze mimdinare debatebis centrSi.
marTva warmoadgens konstituciuri, samarTlebrivi da administraciuli
RonisZiebebis kompleqss, romliTac mTavrobebi axorcieleben TavianT Zalauflebas.
es gulisxmobs qveynis ekonomikur, politikur da socialur saqmeTa marTvis
process, dainteresebul mxareTa monawileobis meSveobiT da, bunebrivi, finansuri da
adamianuri resursebis gamoyenebas mTeli mosaxleobis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
marTva moicavs rogorc urTierTobebs, aseve Sesabamisi qcevis modelebs sxvadasxva
agentebs Soris (qmedebis mxare) da wesebs, romlebic gansazRvravs aRniSnuli
urTierTobebis CarCoebs (normatuli mxare).
sapensio sistemebis marTva unda akmayofilebdes or mizans: legitimurobas
(sazogadoebis ndoba organizaciis mier ganxorcielebuli operaciebis mimarT) da
qmediTunarianobas (efeqtianoba da efeqturoba).
socialuri uzrunvelyofis seqtorSi marTvis elementebis gamoyenebas
socialuri marTva ewodeba. socialuri marTva moicavs konsultaciebis warmoebisa
da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis instituciur procesebs, romlebic gansazRvraven
marTvis ganxorcielebaze pasuxismgebeli sistemis struqturasa da instituciur
RonisZiebebs, da agreTve, marTvisa da administraciul funqciebs, romlebic sapensio
sistemebis qmediTunarianobasa da funqcionirebis zedamxedvelobasTan arian
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
108 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
dakavSirebuli. socialuri uzrunvelyofis koncefciidan igi gadadis Sesabamisi
instituciuri meqanizmebis SemoRebasa da konkretuli institutebis marTvaze.
kargi socialuri marTva uzrunvelyofs, rom politikuri, socialuri da
ekonomikuri prioritetebi dafuZnebuli iyos farTo konsensusze sazogadoebaSi, rom
yvelaze Raribi da gaWirvebuli mosaxleobis azrs yuradReba mieqces
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi da rom umciresobaTa mosazrebebi
gaTvaliswinebul iqnes. mas moaqvs ufro didi sargebeli sazogadoebis TiToeuli
wevrisaTvis da Sesabamisad mTlianad qveynis ekonomikisaTvis.
SeiZleba gamovyoT kargi socialuri marTvis aTi mizani. aRniSnuli miznebi
dakavSirebulia strategiul sakiTxebTan, institucionalur mowyobasTan da
administraciul valdebulebebTan.
strategiuli amocanebi dakavSirebulia konsultaciebisa da
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesTan, romelic gansazRvravs socialuri
uzrunvelyofis saerTo sistemis struqturas, da saxelmwifo da kerZo sapensio
uzrunvelyofis funqciebsa da im sistemaTa tipebs, romlebic unda iqnes SemoRebuli.
eseni Seicavs:
• iseTi politikis gatareba, romlis drosac socialuri moTxovnilebebis
maqsimalurad gaTvaliswineba moxdeba arsebul erovnul resursebTan
kavSirSi;
• saxelmwifo da kerZo socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis Soris
samarTliani balansis damyareba;
• iseTi meqanizmis formireba, romlebis xels Seuwyoben kanonebis realur
amoqmedebas da Sesabamisad politikuri gadawyvetilebebis efeqturobas;
institucionaluri miznebi aRweren socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis
administrirebisaTvis aucilebel institucionalur RonisZiebebs, da moicavs:
• institucionalur debulebaTa miRebas, romlebic SesaZlebels gaxdian
socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebis efeqtur gamoyenebas;
• procedurebis organizebas, romlebic SesaZleblobas miscems im pirebs,
romlebsac Sesatanebi SeaqvT da maT, vinc daxmarebas iRebs, zegavlena
moaxdinon gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesze da zedamxedveloba gauwion
socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis administrirebas;
• auditoruli meqanizmebis Seqmna resursebis gamoyofisa da marTvis
gakontrolebis mizniT.
samoqmedo amocanebi aRwers institucionalur da administraciul funqciebs,
romlebic dakavSirebulia socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis gamarTulad
muSaobasTan da Seicavs:
• Sesatanebis Segrovebas da daxmarebebis swraf da efeqtur gadaxdas;
• marTvis xarjebis minimumamde Semcirebas gaweuli momsaxurebis xarisxis
daqveiTebis gareSe;
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 109
• Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa da daxmarebis mimRebTa informireba maTi uflebebisa da
valdebulebebis Sesaxeb;
• administraciuli saqmianobis monitoringisa da ganxilvisaTvis saWiro meqanizmis
Seqmna.
Mmocemuli miznebis miRweva Zalze mniSvnelovania pensiebis gacemis konteqstSi,
vinaidan gamokvlevam gviCvena, rom sapensio sistemebi savaraudod cudad
funqcionireben im qveynebSi, sadac marTvis done dabalia. saerTod, saxelmwifo
marTvaSi myofi sistemebi uaresad funqcionireben, vidre kerZo marTvis sistemebi.
magram, qveynebi sadac susti marTvaa, kerZo marTvis SemTxvevaSic ki ver miiReben
sasurvel Sedegebs.
mocemuli aTi mizani imaze miuTiTebs, rom kargi socialuri marTva ganisazRvreba
samarTlianobis, gamWvirvalobis, angariSgebisa da monawileobis maxasiaTeblebiT.
aRniSnuli maxasiaTeblebi kargi marTvis niSania da gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs
moqalaqeTa ndobis mopovebaSi. aRniSnuli miznebi aseve cxadhyofs, rom kargi
socialuri marTva idealuri variantia, romlis srulad miRweva Zalze rTulia da
sinamdvileSi, verc erT qveyanaSi ver moxerxda aTive miznis miRweva.
sapensio sistemebis kargi socialuri marTvis aspeqtebi
sapensio uzrunvelyofis konteqstSi kargi socialuri marTvis SemoRebisaTvis
mTavrobebma unda aRiaron Semdegi principebi:
saxelmwifos saerTo pasuxismgeblobasaxelmwifos saerTo pasuxismgeblobasaxelmwifos saerTo pasuxismgeblobasaxelmwifos saerTo pasuxismgebloba
saxelmwifo kisrulobs saerTo pasuxismgeblobas sapensio sistemebis
SemuSavebasa da funqcionirebaze, rogorc minimaluri sapensio daxmarebebis
uzrunvelyofis, aseve kerZo sapensio sistemis SemTxvevaSic.
saxelmwifos roli upirveles yovlisa, mdgomareobs politikis SemuSavebasa
da gatarebaSi, kanonebis Seqmnasa da amoqmedebaSi, jansaRi finansuri garemos
CamoyalibebaSi, saxelmwifo da kerZo institutebis zedamxedvelobasa da gamWvirvale
da angariSvaldebuli saorganizacio struqturebisa da sakonsultacio organoebis
dafuZnebaSi.
saxelmwifom aseve unda uzrunvelyos raime formis sapensio daxmareba –
minimaluri pensia – maTTvis, visac ara aqvs SesaZlebloba sakmarisi kapitali
dazogos sapensio asakis miRwevis Semdeg sakuTari Tavis uzrunvelsayofad. sapensio
sistemis privatizaciis SemTxvevaSic ki, saxelmwifo pensionerTa Semosavlebis bolo
garantad rCeba. Tu privatizebul sapensio fondebs ar SeuZliaT pensiebis gadaxda
dapirebuli odenobiT, mag. investiciebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad arasakmarisi
Semosavlis gamo, Zneli warmosadgenia, rom sapensio davalianebis dafarva ar
daekisros mTavrobas.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
110 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
solidarobisa da Tanabrobis principisolidarobisa da Tanabrobis principisolidarobisa da Tanabrobis principisolidarobisa da Tanabrobis principi
sapensio sistemebi qmediTunariania mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
mosaxleobis yvela jgufi Tavad gamoxatavs da iziarebs erTmaneTisadmi
solidarobas. solidaroba SenarCunebul unda iqnes Taobebs Soris, erTi Taobis
warmomadgenlebsa da mamakacebsa da qalebs Soris.
solidarobis sakmarisi donis misaRwevad sapensio sistemebSi CarTuli unda
iyos moqalaqeTa rac SeiZleba didi ricxvi. socialuri uzrunvelyofa yvelasaTvis
efeqturi ufleba unda iyos. TiToeul pirs sapensio sistemaSi monawileobis ufleba
unda hqondes, erovnebis, rasis, sqesisa an religiis miuxedavad.
uklebliv yvelam unda miiRos monawileoba sapensio sistemebSi Semosavlis
odenobis miuxedavad. sapensio sistemebs unda gaaCndes gadanawilebis meqanizmi,
Sromis bazarze dabali SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis da agreTve maT
sasargeblod, visac uwevda zrunva bavSvebze, invalidebsa da SeuZlo xandazmul
adamianebze.
samarTlianobis TvalsazrisiT, yvela moqalaqe inawilebs valdebulebas
demografiul daberebasTan dakavSirebul problemebze. saxelmwifoebma unda daicvan
tvirTis an xarjebis samarTliani ganawilebis principi. tradiciulad gansazRvruli
Sesatanebis modeli arasakmarisi solidarobiT xasiaTdeba, vinaidan aq adgili aqvs
mosaxleobis daberebasTan dakavSirebul yvela xarjis dakisrebas Sromisunariani
asakis mosaxleobaze.
konsultaciebi da monawileobakonsultaciebi da monawileobakonsultaciebi da monawileobakonsultaciebi da monawileoba
kargi mmarTvelobis struqturebma unda uzrunvelyon rom sapensio sistemebis
wevrTa interesebi saTanadod iqnes warmodgenili im institutebis menejerTa
sabWoebSi, romlebic axdenen pensiebis administrirebas da rom es interesebi
gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba investiciebis, daxmarebebisa da Sesatanebis doneebTan da
indeqsaciasTan dakavSirebiT gadawyvetilebebis miRebis dros.
Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa da daxmarebis mimRebTa monawileoba sapensio
sistemebis SemuSavebaSi, funqcionirebaSi, administrirebasa da zedamxedvelobaSi
SeiZleba dasabuTebuli iyos sxvadasxva argumentiT: sistemaSi maT mier gakeTebuli
Senatanebis aRiarebis TvalsazrisiT, sistemis finansuri da administraciuli
damoukideblobis mxardasaWerad da damqiravebelTa da muSakTa organizaciebis
legitimurobis gamo.
amgvari TanamSromloba mTavrobebs da damqiraveblebisa da muSakTa
organizaciebs Soris unda gafarTovdes, sapensio sistemebis marTvaSi yvela
moqalaqis mosazidad. sapensio sistemebis marTvaSi marginaluri da naklebad
warmatebul adamianTa mozidviT, mTavroba afarToebs sazogadoebaSi mxardaWeras
aRniSnuli sistemebisadmi.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 111
Rarib da socialurad daucvel moqalaqeebTan konsultirebisa da maTi
prioritetebis gansazRvris Sedegad, socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebs
Cveulebriv, daxmarebis mimRebTaTvis ukeTesi Sedegebi aqvs. imavdroulad, rodesac
Zalisxmeva mimarTulia socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebis mier RaribTa
interesebis maqsimalur gaTvaliswinebaze, Sedegad vRebulobT iseT sistemebs,
romlebic ukeT SesZleben gaWirvebulTa moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas.
marTlac, yvela moqalaqesTan urTierTobebis gaRrmaveba xels uwyobs
mTavrobisadmi ndobis Camoyalibebas, mTavrobis funqcionirebis gamWvirvalobisa da
angariSvaldebulobis gaumjobesebas, demokratiis xarisxis amaRlebas,
moqalaqeobriobis ganmtkicebas da ukeTesi saxelmwifo politikis gatarebas, sxva
sityvebiT rom iTqvas – mTavrobis legitimurobis amaRlebas.
marTvis xarisximarTvis xarisximarTvis xarisximarTvis xarisxi
sapensio sistemebis marTva unda ganixilebodes rogorc udidesi mniSvnelobis
mqone sazogadoebrivi ndoba da, Sesabamisad unda mivudgeT udidesi
keTilsindisierebiT, kompetenturobiT da profesionalizmiT yvela doneze. aseTi
marTvis xarisxi namdvilad arsebiTia nebismieri sapensio sistemisTvis.
wevrTa dacva mniSvnelovnad SeiZleba gaumjobesdes, xolo riski minimumamde
Semcirdes, im SemTxvevaSi Tu mmarTvelTa kvalifikacia da reputacia Tavidanve
Semowmdeba da rodesac isini, visac Senatanebi Seaqvs, muSakebi da daxmarebis mimRebi
pirebi, asruleben TavianT movaleobebs.
gamWvirvalobagamWvirvalobagamWvirvalobagamWvirvaloba
gamWvirvaloba viwro gagebiT, gulisxmobs saxelmwifo resursebis
mizanSewonil gamoyenebas da im saSualebebs, romlebiTac monawile mxareebs
SeuZliaT dainaxon rom resursebi daniSnulebisamebr gamoiyeneba. ufro farTo
gagebiT, gamWvirvaloba niSnavs rom saxelmwifo administrirebaSi monawile mxareebs
SeuZliaT Tvali adevnon gadawyvetilebebis miRebis process da dainaxon Tu ra
kriteriumebi da procedurebi gamoiyeneba, da SeuZliaT Seamowmon kanonebisa da
aRiarebuli politikuri kursis cxovrebaSi gatarebis xarisxi.
gamWvirvaloba niSnavs moqalaqeTa uflebas gaecnon administraciul
dokumentebs, informaciasa da wesebis SemoRebis process. kerZo sapensio sistemebSi,
adamianebi saTanadod unda iyvnen informirebulni, raTa SesZlon arCevanis gakeTeba
momsaxurebis konkurent mimwodeblebs Soris, romlebic sTavazoben sxvadasxva
gegmebs, iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva sapensio asaks, daxmarebebis doneebs da a.S.
socialuri uzrunvelyofis programebi xSirad ver axerxeben TavianTi farTo
koncefciebisa da miznebis adeqvaturad axsnas da dazRveul pirTa informirebas maT
pirad angariSebTan dakavSirebul mdgomareobasTan da maT mier gadaxdili
Sesatanebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. amis mizezia garkveulwilad kanonmdeblobis
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
112 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
sirTule, romelic rTuli asaxsnelia dazRveuli pirebisaTvis da
damqiraveblebisaTvis.
apensio sistemebis gamWvirvalobis gaumjobesebis miRweva SesaZloa
sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebis samsaxuris saqmianobis gaumjobesebiT, romelic
gamiznuli iqneba socialuri uzrunvelyofis valdebulebebisa da uflebebis
gamartivebaze da daxmarebebsa da Sesatanebs Soris arsebul kavSirze yuradRebis
gamaxvilebaze.
Sesatanebis gadaxdisTvis Tavis arideba da kanonmdeblobis SesrulebaSesatanebis gadaxdisTvis Tavis arideba da kanonmdeblobis SesrulebaSesatanebis gadaxdisTvis Tavis arideba da kanonmdeblobis SesrulebaSesatanebis gadaxdisTvis Tavis arideba da kanonmdeblobis Sesruleba
Sesatanebis ar gadaxda – Sesatanebis odenobisa da gadaxdis sixSiresTan
dakavSirebuli wesebis darRveva – warmoadgens erT-erT udides problemas
socialuri dacvis sistemebisaTvis. es SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu
socialuri uzrunvelyofis administracia Seegueba aseT faqtebs an Tu mas ar
gaaCnia Zalaufleba an resursebi, raTa aiZulos gadamxdelebi Seasrulon maTze
dakisrebuli valdebulebebi.
TiToeuli sapensio sistemis administraciam aqtiurad unda Seuwyos xeli
kanonmdeblobasTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelyofas, vinaidan gadaxdisgan Tavis daRweva
mniSvnelovan Sedegs axdens sistemis gadaxdisunarianobasa da misadmi ndobis
xarisxze: es moqmedebs monawileebisaTvis daxmarebaTa gadaxdis adeqvaturobaze,
iseve rogorc mTlianad, programis finansur mdgomareobasa da politikur
legitimurobaze. da es qmnis uTanabrobas im damqiraveblebs Soris, romlebic
asruleben valdebulebebs da Sesatanebis ar gadamxdel damqiraveblebs Soris da
Sesabamisad, Sesatanebis gadamxdel da argadamxdel muSakebs Soris.
maSasadame, socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemaTa administraciebi unda
flobdnen garkveul saSualebebs, romelebic uzrunvelyofen kanonmdeblobis
Sesrulebas. kanonis – RonisZiebebi, romlebic aiZulebs kompaniebsa da muSakebs
Seasrulon dadgenili debulebebi – dakavSirebuli unda iyos kanonis darRvevis
sxvadasxva mizezebTan da unda Seicavdes Sesatanebis droulad gadaxdis swrafi
Semowmebis meqanizms, mniSvnelovan jarimas, sasamarTlo wesiT amoRebis procedurebs,
socialuri davalianebis prioritets da inspeqcias, rodesac inspeqtorebs ufleba
aqvT nebismier dros Seamowmon kompaniis safinanso dokumentacia.
gadasaxadebidan Tavis daRwevis problemasTan erTad xSirad gvxvdeba
administraciuli sisusteebi: socialuri uzrunvelyofis bevri sistema did
sirTuleebs ganicdis dazRveul pirTa registraciasTan dakavSirebiT, sirTules
warmoadgens socialuri uzrunvelyofis saidentifikacio nomrebis ganawileba da
imis uzrunvelyofa, rom konkretul pirze gacemuli nomriT SesaZlebeli iyos misi
identificireba miuxedavad imisa, Seicvlis igi samuSao adgils Tu ara.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 113
Sesatanebis SegrovebaSesatanebis SegrovebaSesatanebis SegrovebaSesatanebis Segroveba
rogorc socialuri uzrunvelyofis, sistemaTa aseve sagadasaxado organoebis
administraciebma unda Seagrovon Sesatanebi an gadasaxadebi, da Sesabamisad bevri
saerTo funqcia gaaCniaT:
• yvela sawarmosa da pirebis registracia;
• kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela gadasaxdeli Tanxis maqsimaluri odenobiT
Segroveba;
• kanonis efeqturi aRsruleba, kanonis nebayoflobiT Sesrulebis saerTo donis
amaRlebis mizniT;
• aRricxvis warmoeba.
es saerTo funqciebi advilad eqvemdebareba integracias. Segrovebis erTiani
sistema rogorc gadasaxadebisaTvis aseve socialuri SesatanebisaTvis yovelTvis
ufro momgebiania da amartivebs Segrovebis RonisZiebebs. magram erTiani sistemis
SemoRebisaTvis saWiro iqneba dasabegri da dasazRvevi Semosavlebis harmonizacia,
iseve rogorc muSakTa da gadamxdelTa statusis ganmartebebisa.
sagadasaxado administracias SeuZlia damoukideblad ganaxorcielos socialuri
uzrunvelyofis administraciis funqciebi. saWiro iqneba calkeuli angariSebis
gaxsna orive administraciisTvis da Segrovebuli socialuri Sesatanebis
dauyovnebeli gadaricxva socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemisaTvis.
gaerTianebis midgoma aris specializirebuli midgomis sawinaaRmdego midgoma.
bevrma qveyanam SeimuSava sistema, rodesac sxvadasxva specialuri saagentoebi
sxvadasxva sistemebis administrirebas axorcieleben, zogjer sxvadasxva
profesiuli jgufebis mixedviT. aseTi midgoma amcirebs sxvadasxva riskis masStabebs,
vinaidan dazRveuli riskebi ufri erTgvarovania, Tumca SeiZleba sakamaTo gaxdes
Seesabameba Tu ara igi socialuri dazRvevis principebs, da marTvis konteqstSi,
gamoiwvevs Tu ara funqciebis dublirebas da administraciuli xarjebis zrdas.
daxmarebebis doneebis finansudaxmarebebis doneebis finansudaxmarebebis doneebis finansudaxmarebebis doneebis finansuri usafrTxoeba ri usafrTxoeba ri usafrTxoeba ri usafrTxoeba
daxmarebebis doneebis finansuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa unda
ganixilebodes rogorc kritikuli elementi kerZo sistemebisTvis efeqturi
debulebebis SemuSavebis procesSi. xandazmulobis asakSi Semosavlis dagegvmisas,
kerZo pirebma sami riskis sfero unda gaiTvaliswinon:
• Sromis bazris riski;
• sainvesticio riski;
• inflaciis riski.
Sromis bazris riskebi moicavs yvela gauTvaliswinebel garemoebas, romelmac
SeiZleba SezRudos kerZo piris profesiuli saqmianoba da kariera. magaliTad,
xandazmulobis asakSi saTanado uzrunvelyofis miRweva Znelia dokumenturad
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
114 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
dausabuTebeli dasaqmebis, wyvetili samuSao staJis an umuSevrobis SemTxvevaSi. amis
msgavsad, adeqvaturi sapensio daxmarebis misaRebad SemzRudav garemoebebad SeiZleba
CaiTavlos iseTi garemoebebi, rogorc invalidoba, janmrTelobis problemebi an
bavSvTa da avadmyof moxucTa movla.
sainvesticio riski moicavs danazogebis an investiciebis nawilobriv an srul
dakargvas, rogorc bazris cvalebadobis gamo, aseve sapensio gegmis an misi
sponsoris gakotrebis Sedegad.
maSin, roca bevri saxelmwifo sapensio programa uzrunvelyofs daxmarebebs,
romlebic indeqsirebulia fasebsa Tu xelfasebTan mimarTebaSi, inflaciis riski
bevr kerZo sapensio sistemaSi mTlianad ekisreba kerZo pirs, Tu ki anuitetebi ar
aris indeqsirebuli inflaciasTan mimarTebaSi.
Tu sainvesticio da inflaciis riski mxolod kerZo pirs ekisreba, unda
vivaraudoT, rom Sedegad pensionerTa jgufebs Soris iqneba maRali donis
uTanabroba da rom safrTxe Seeqmneba xamdazmulobis asakSi maT ekonomikuri
keTildReobas.
mTavrobebma unda uzrunvelyon daxmarebebis doneebis finansuri usafrTxoeba
maregulirebeli normebis farglebSi.
angariSgebaangariSgebaangariSgebaangariSgeba
ndobiT aRWurvili pirebi, romlebsac evalebaT gadawyvetilebebis miReba
mTavrobaSi, kerZo seqtori da samoqalaqo sazogadoebaTa organizaciebi valdebulni
arian TavianTi moqmedebebis Sesaxeb angariSi warudginon yvela monawile moqalaqisa
da institucionalur monawile mxareebis winaSe. angariSgeba SeiZleba
Semoifarglebodes mxolod finansuri SedegebiT an SeiZleba faravdes rogorc
finansur, aseve saoperacio Sedegebs.
gaero-s saxelmZRvanelo mTavrobaTa angariSgebis Sesaxeb gansazRvravs
angariSgebis sam mizans:
• fiskaluri angariSgeba uzrunvelyofs moqmedi kanonebisa da debulebebis
Sesrulebas, finansuri dokumentaciisa da angariSebis sizustes da rom isini
warmoadgenen mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebuli operaciebis realur Sedegebs;
rom angariSebi da moxsenebebi droulad aris gamoqveynebuli da rom xarjebi
kanoniT gansaszRvruli asignaciebis farglebSia;
• menejerTa angariSgeba, romelic aqcents akeTebs mmarTvelebisaTvis informaciis
uzrunvelyofis saWiroebaze, rac uzrunvelyofs operaciebis efeqturobas,
ekonomiurobasa da danakargebis Tavidan acilebas;
• programis ganxorcielebis Sedegebis angariSi, romelic moiTxovs programis
Sefasebas efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT, imis dasadgenad Tu ramdenad aRwevs
programa an konkretuli saqmianoba dasaxul miznebs.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 115
im SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac angariSgebis sistema damkvidrebulia, rig qveyanebSi
igi kargad ver funqcionirebs da ver asaxavs mosaxleobis umetesobis interesebs.
kidev ufro uaresadaa saqme umciresobaTa, qalTa da RaribTa interesebis dacvis
TvalsazrisiT.
xarjebis Semcirebaxarjebis Semcirebaxarjebis Semcirebaxarjebis Semcireba
pensiebis done, nawilobriv, damokidebulia sapensio sistemis administrirebis
xarjebze. aRniSnuli administrirebis xarjebi sakmaod didi moculobisaa da
gansakuTrebiT mZimed awveba Sromis bazris yvelaze sust monawileebs. rac Seexeba
dabali Semosavlis mqone kerZo pirebis danazogebs, aRniSnuli xarjebis xvedriTi
wili kidev ufro maRalia, vinaidan individualuri angariSebis administrireba
fiqsirebuli xarjebis komponents Seicavs.
rogorc wesi, kerZo administrirebis sistemebs bevrad ufro maRali xarjebi
aqvT, vidre efeqturi administrirebis mqone saxelmwifo sistemebs, da mosalodneli
ufro maRali sainvesticio mogeba yovelTvis ver axdens ufro didi moculobis
xarjebis kompensirebas. sistemaSi yvela monawileTa momavlis uzrunvelsayofad,
unda Semcirdes xarjebi, romlebic Senatanebidan iqviTeba da, romlebic pirdapir da
mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens kerZo pirebis mier TavianT angariSebze
akumilirebuli Tanxebis moculobasa da Sesabamisad, maT momaval pensiebze.
maregulirebeli baza da zedamxedvelobamaregulirebeli baza da zedamxedvelobamaregulirebeli baza da zedamxedvelobamaregulirebeli baza da zedamxedveloba
iq sadac saxelmwifo Tavad ar axorcielebs sistemebis marTvas, man unda
SemoiRos maregulirebeli normatiuli aqtebi da paralelurad, Camoayalibos
mkacri zedamxedvelobis meqanizmebi, individualuri Senatanebis dasacavad
xangrZlivi periodis manZilze.
maregulirebeli baza
maregulirebeli baza moicavs samarTlebrivi instrumentebis kompleqss,
romliTac marTvis institutebi aweseben valdebulebebs an SezRudvebs
sazogadoebaSi moqcevis wesze. socialuri uzrunvelyofis seqtorSi normatiuli
aqtebis mTavari amocanaa daicvas am sistemebSi monawile adamianebi da
gansakuTrebiT, maTi ufleba samarTliani da adeqvaturi daxmarebebis miRebaze da
aseve, am sistemebis gadaxdisunarianobis uzrunvelyofa.
sapensio sistemebis maregulirebelma debulebebma unda uzrunvelyon
adeqvaturi odenobis pensiebis miReba sapensio asakis moqalaqeebis mier, romlebic
muSaobis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi ixdidnen Sesatanebs.
maregulirebeli normebi socialuri uzrunvelyofis seqtorSi unda
pasuxobdnen sam ZiriTad moTxovnas: isini unda uzrunvelyofdnen an aumjobesebdnen
samarTlianobis xarisxs moqalaqeebs Soris, uzrunvelyofdnen an aumjobesebdnen
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
116 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
dapirebuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis daxmarebaTa adeqvaturobis dones da
uzrunvelyofdnen daxmarebebisa da dabandebuli saxsrebis finansur usafrTxoebas.
daxmarebebis finansuri usafrTxoeba unda ganixilebodes rogorc kritikuli
elementi kerZo sapensio sistemebisaTvis efeqturi maregulirebeli meqanizmebis
SemuSavebaSi, vinaidan kerZo sapensio sistemebi xasiaTdeba mTeli rigi finansuri
riskebiT, romlebic saTanadod unda iqnes Tavidan acilebuli da romlebic
saWiroeben mudmiv zedamxedvelobas. aq umTavresi mizania Sesatanebis gadamxdelTa
dacva im Sedegebisagan, romlebic mohyveba sponsoris gakotrebas, sapensio gegmis
arasakmaris dafinansebas araswori teqnikuri da/an sainvesticio gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis gamo, mmarTvelTa mier Tanxebis araswori gankargvis an daxmarebebis
uzrunvelyofaSi monawile sxva finansuri organizaciebis mier nakisri
valdebulebebis arSesrulebis gamo.
saxelmwifo da kerZo sapensio seqtorebis regulirebis xarisxi moqmedebs ara
mxolod yvela moqalaqeze, aramed qveynis ekonomikur konkurentunarianobazec.
regulirebis xarisxs arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs ekonomikuri saqmianobisa da
saxelmwifos efeqturi marTvisTvis.
sapensio sistemis kargi marTvis principebi - saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobas,
solidaroba, damakmayofilebebeli Semosavali, konsultaciebi da monawileoba,
finansuri usafrTxoeba, xarjebis Semcireba, gamWvirvaloba, kanonos aRsruleba da
marTvis xarisxi - safuZvlad unda daedos maregulirebeli bazis Camoyalibebas.
zedamxedveloba
sapensio sistemebis gamarTuli funqcionirebisaTvis Sesabamisi
maregulirebeli bazis Seqmna sakmarisi ar aris. sapensio fondebi unda
imyofebodnen zedamxedvelobis qveS: mTavrobebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom mzardi
kerZo seqtori, romelic sakuTar interesebs icavs, mTlianobaSi, aseve
akmayofilebdes sazogadoebis moTxovnebs.
sapensio fondebis zedamxedveloba unda ganxorcieldes specialuri organos
mier da unda moicavdes sam ZiriTad aspeqts, kerZod: mosalodneli salicenzio
saqmianoba, mimdinare monitoringi da inspeqtireba da problemebis gadawyveta
sasamarTlo ganxilvisa da dajarimebis wesiT.
fondebis licenzireba, romelic aucilebelia maT mier saqmianobis
dasawyebad, iTvaliswinebs mTel rig procedurebs. licenziebis gacemamde, fondebma
unda warmoadginon mravali dokumenti imis dasadastureblad, rom isini
akmayofileben minimaluri kapitalis dones, rezervebis moTxovnas an sxva finansur
kriteriumebs. fondis marTvis organizebis samarTlebrivi forma, biznesisa da
marketingis gegmebi, sainvesticio politika da Sesabamisi personalis kvalifikacia
yuradRebiT unda iqnes Seswavlili, raTa winaswar Sefasdes maTi Sesabamisoba
kanoniT da debulebebiT dadgenil moTxovnebTan.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 117
umetesad, zedamxedvelobis programebis mTavari mizania fondebis saqmianobis
monitoringi. es moicavs saqmianobis or mTavar formas: sapensio fondebis finansuri
mdgomareobis angariSebis Seswavla (gare Semowmeba) da Semowmebis ganxorcieleba
adgilze (Sida Semowmeba). adgilze Semowmebebi xSirad zedamxedvelobis programis
yvelaze xiluli elementia. praqtikulad, yvela samarTlebrivi sistema
uzrunvelyofs zedamxedvel organoebs angariSebisa da sxva Sesabamisi masalebis
adgilze Semowmebis uflebiT.
sanqciebis gamoyeneba sasamarTlo ganxilvisa an dajarimebis miznebisaTvis,
Cveulebriv, zedamxedvelobis programis yvelaze rTuli nawilia. zedamxedvelTa
kompetenciaSi Semavali sanqciebi moicavs pirebis ganTavisuflebas maT mier fondSi
dakavebuli Tanamdebobebidan, maT samudamod mocilebas sapensio fondebis
saqmianobaSi monawileobisagan da aramizanSewonilad miCneuli operaciebis gauqmebas.
danakargis kompensirebis, jarimebisa da ufro seriozuli problemebis SemTxvevaSi
sisxlis samarTlis sanqciebi Cveulebriv aseve xelmisawvdomia zedamxedvelobis
organosaTvis, Tumca amgvari zomebis miRebis ufleba SeiZleba maT ar hqondeT
miniWebuli.
zedamxedvelobis organos unda gaaCndes saTanado maregulirebeli da
iZulebiTi zomebis gatarebis ufleba, da sasurvelia, rom mas hqonoda swrafi
moqmedebis ufleba kargad gansazRvruli meqanizmebis Sesabamisad. amasTan,
zedamxedvelobis organos unda gaaCndes saTanado dacva mis winaaRmdeg
sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanis SemTxvevaSi. sasamarTlo procesis, gadaWarbebuli
reagirebis, umoqmedobisa da Carevis riskebis Sesamcireblad saWiroa zustad
gansazRvruli uflebebi da obieqturi samarTlebrivi baza.
daskvna
qmediTunariani sapensio sistemis formireba mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
socialuri samarTlianobisa da socialuri integrirebis miznis miRwevaSi. rogorc
kofi ananma aRniSna “kargi marTva SesaZloa erTaderTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani
faqtoria siRaribis AaRmofxvris da ekonomiuri zrdis xelSewyobaSi”.
sapensio sistemebis kargi marTva xels uwyobs am sistemebis qmediTunarianobis
zrdasa da maT mimarT ndobis amaRlebas. sapensio sistemebis efeqturoba,
faqtobrivad, kargi marTvis sakiTxia da mniSvneloba ara aqvs es sistemebi
saxelmwifoa Tu kerZo. sapensio sistemebis efeqturobas, sinamdvileSi,
administrirebis efeqturoba gansazRvravs.
magram sapensio sistemebis kargi marTva sakmaod rTuli amocanaa. igi
moiTxovs saqmianobis gamWvirvalobas, konkretuli qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT SemuSavebul da formirebul maregulirebel bazasa
da efeqtur sazedamxedvelo organos da aseve, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
monawileobis uzrunvelyofas warmatebuli sazogadoebis CamoyalibebaSi.
saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze
118 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
sapensio sistemis marTvaSi arsebuli susti mxareebis aRmosafrxvelad
privatizacia yovelTvis ar aris gamosavali: arsebulma problemebma SeiZleba sxva
formiT iCinos Tavi an sxva problemebiT Canacvldes.
sxva sityvebiT rom iTqvas, rogor sapensio sistemas airCevs mTavroba -
saxelmwifos Tu kerZos, naklebad mniSvnelovania. sapensio uzrunvelyofis
TvalsazrisiT, aq gadamwyvet faqtors kargi marTva warmoadgens.
saqarTvelosTvis, sapensio sistemebis qmediTunarianobis misaRwevad, qveynaSi
mimdinare socialuri, ekonomikuri da demografiuli gardaqmnebis konteqstSi,
yvelaze seriozul amocanaa - efeqturi marTvis uzrunvelyofa.
darwmunebuli var, rom socialuri uzrunvelyofis saerTaSoriso asociacias
didi daxmarebis AaRmoCena SeuZlia misaRwevi miznebis gansazRvrisa da nebismieri
saxis dokumentaciiT uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi.
gisurvebT warmatebas!
danarTi II.
socialuri uzrunvelyofis da saxelmwifo pensiebis sakanonmdeblo baza
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 119
irakli koplataZis, socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis direqtoris prezentazia saerTaSoriso konferenciaze
“saxelmwifo sapensio sistema gardamaval etapze”, organizebuli saqarTvelos mTavrobis da
socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondis (sesf) mier Tbilisi, 2002 wlis 18-20 seqtemberi
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani problema, romlis winaSec dgas socialuri
uzrunvelyofisa da saxelmwifo sapensio sistema saqarTveloSi, aris araadeqvaturi
samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeli baza, romelic sabWouri memkvidreobisa da
mimdinare finansuri sirTuleebis naerTs warmoadgens.
1998 da 2000 wlebs Soris periodSi, saxelmwifo sapensio sistemasTan
dakavSirebuli ramodenime kanonproeqti iqna SemuSavebuli. 1998 wels, Sromisa da
socialuri dacvis saministrosTan arsebuli sapensio departamentis mier SemuSavda
kanonebi saxelmwifo socialuri dazRvevis, saxelmwifo pensiebisa da samedicino
Semowmebis Sesaxeb. 1999 wels, samuSao jgufma, romelsac saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
ministris moadgile xelmZRvanelobda, moamzada winadadebebi saqarTveloSi
socialuri da samedicino dazRvevis seqtoris reformisaTvis. samwuxarod, yvela
aRniSnuli dokumenti garkveulwilad ararealurad afasebda saqarTvelos ekonomikis
SesaZleblobebs.
2002 wlis dasawyisSi, saqarTvelos jandacvis, Sromisa da socialuri dacvis
saministrom da saxelmwifo gaerTianebulma socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondma,
msoflio bankis socialuri dacvis jgufTan mWidro TanamSromlobis gziT,
SeimuSaves savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevisa da saxelmwifo pensiebis sakiTxTa
maregulirebeli kanonproeqtebis axali paketi. es paketi Seicavs Semdeg
kanonproeqtebs: “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb”, “savaldebulo
sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb” da “savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi
individualuri (personificirebuli) aRricxvisa da individualuri angariSebis
SemoRebis Sesaxeb”.
kanonproeqti savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis Sesaxeb
aRniSnuli kanonproeqtis mizania, qveynis socialuri sferos gardaqmna da
misi dafuZneba sadazRvevo principebze; axali samarTlebrivi bazis Camoyalibeba da
ganviTareba, romelic gamiznuli iqneba mosaxleobis saqarTvelos konstituciiT
gaTvaliswinebuli socialur dacvis uflebebis ganxorcielebasa da Sesabamisad
mosaxleobis socialuri dacvis realur garantiebs uzrunvelyofaze. mocemuli
kanonproeqti gansazRvravs samarTlebriv, ekonomikur da saorganizacio safuZvlebs
mosaxleobis savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevisaTvis.
socialuri uzrunvelyofis da saxelmwifo pensiebis sakanonmdeblo baza
120 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
kanonproeqti momzadda 2002 wlis 7 aprilis saqarTvelos prezidentis
brZanebuleba # 156-is safuZvelze “saqarTvelos socialuri ganviTarebis koncefciis
realizaciis pirveli rigis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb” da saqarTveloSi Seqmnili axali
ekonomikuri mdgomareobisa da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
aRniSnuli dokumenti iqneba CarCo kanoni, romelic daaregulirebs mxolod
savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis principebs qvemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo
Semosavlis dakargvis SemTxvevebTan mimarTebaSi: a)asakis, SezRuduli
SesaZleblobisa da marCenalis dakargvis gamo; b) droebiTi Sromisuunaroba;
g) orsuloba da mSobiaroba; d) bavSvis movla 1,5 wlamde e) umuSevrobis dazRveva;
v) daxmareba dazRveuli piris gardacvalebisas; z) janmrTelobis reabilitacia;
T) savaldebulo samedicino dazRveva.
socialuri dazRvevis sistema aris universaluri sistema, romelic moicavs
yvela ekonomikurad aqtiur muSaks, TviTdasaqmebulTa da soflis meurneobis muSakTa
CaTvliT da emyareba erTiani socialuri dazRvevis Sesatanis (dReisaTvis, 33
procenti) savaldebulo gadaxdas. muSakTa Sesatani dakavSirebulia individualuri
xelfasis ganakveTTan, xolo TviTdasaqmebulebi da fermerebi Sesatans Semcirebuli
ganakveTiT ixdian, romelic Seadgens 18 procents da ganisazRvreba qveyanaSi
saSualo xelfasis doniT.
marTalia, kanonproeqti Seicavs zogad debulebebs umuSevrobis dazRvevasTan
dakavSirebiT, savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemis nawilis saxiT, magram
misi SemoReba jer-jerobiT gadaideba, vinaidan dRes, saqarTveloSi, umuSevroba
sistematuri xasiaTisaa da ara cikluri. amgvar viTarebaSi, umuSevrobis dazRvevas
arc ekonomikuri da arc socialuri riskis marTvis gamarTleba ar gaaCnia.
saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi, yuradReba gamaxvildeba umuSevrobis Tanabari
odenobis daxmarebis uzrunvelyofaze, SedarebiT moklevadiani periodisaTvis,
maTTvis vinc samuSao dakarga.
aRniSnuli sadazRvevo SemTxvevebis garda, kanonproeqti ganixilavs
daxmarebebis SemoRebis sakiTxs janmrTelobis reabilitaciis, dazRveuli piris
gardacvalebisas da bavSvis 1,5 wlamde movlis SemTxvevebSi. Cveni Sefasebebis
Tanaxmad, am damatebiTi programebis xarji fondis saerTo sadazRvevo Semosavlebis
3 procents Seadgens, romlis dafinanseba moxdeba Sesatanebis bazis mosalodneli
gafarToebis xarjze, sesf-sTvis savaldebulo Sesatanebis administrirebis funqciis
gadacemis Semdeg. amrigad, sadazRvevo menius gafarToeba ar moiTxovs saxelmwifo
biujetis gadaricxvebisa Tu xarjebis ramdenadme gazrdas.
amJamad, nebismieri xelfasis ganakveTi eqvemdebareba socialuri dazRvevis
Sesatanis gadaxdas. kanonproeqts Semoaqvs socialuri dazRvevis Sesatanebis baza,
romelsac gaaCnia minimaluri da maqsimaluri xelfasis doneebi, qveyanaSi saSualo
xelfasis procentiT gamosaxuli (magaliTad, 65 procenti, rogorc minimumi da 1,000
procenti, rogorc maqsimumi). savaraudoa, rom es Seamcirebs Sesatanebis gadaxdisgan
Tavis aridebis farTod gavrcelebul SemTxvevebs.
socialuri uzrunvelyofis da saxelmwifo pensiebis sakanonmdeblo baza
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 121
kanonproeqti ganixilavs saxelmwifosa da fondis valdebulebaTa
erTmaneTisgan gamijvnis sakiTxs: saxelmwifo biujetidan unda ganxorcieldes
sadazRvevo SemTxvevebs ardaqvemdebarebuli yvela socialuri daxmarebis
dafinanseba. weliwadSi amgvari daxmarebebis odenoba, saSualod, 86 milion lars
Seadgens, maSin roca fondi, gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli gadaricxvis saxiT,
saxelmwifo biujetidan mxolod 47,3 milion lars iRebs. mocemuli kanonproeqtis
ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, arasadazRvevo daxmarebebis sruli dafinanseba saxelmwifo
biujets daekisreba. Sedegad, fondi SesZlebs TandaTanobiT dafaros 1998-2000 wlebis
sapensio davalianeba.
kanonproeqti savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebis Sesaxeb
aRniSnuli kanonproeqti aregulirebs savaldebulo sadazRvevo pensiebs da
Sesabamisad, ganasxvavebs yvela arasadazRvevo daxmarebebs (iseTs, rogoricaa
socialuri pensiebi, samxedro pensiebi da a.S.), romelTa daregulireba,
administrireba da dafinanseba cal-calke unda warmoebdes.
kanonproeqti daaregulirebs sapensio sistemis pirvel safexurs. ekonomikuri,
instituciuri, finansuri da fiskaluri mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi Sefasebulia
rogorc araxelsayreli saSualo perspeqtivaSi meore safexuris (savaldebulo,
srulad dafinansebuli, kerZo) warmatebiT SemoRebisaTvis. kanonproeqti ar
iTvaliswinebs pensiaze adre gasvlis an privilegirebuli daxmarebebis pirobebs
(damatebiTi daxmareba pensionerTa konkretuli kategoriebisaTvis), raTa
uzrunvelyofili iyos savaldebulo sapensio sadazRvevo sistemis qmediTunarianoba
da yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomoba.
sapensio sistema dafuZnebuli iqneba pirobiT-dagrovebiT Sesatanebze,
Tanabari minimaluri odenobis daxmarebebiT (pensiis sabaziso nawili), romlebic
garantirebuli iqneba yvela monawile pirTaTvis, romlebic minimalur sapensio
moTxovnebs daakmayofileben. es saSualebas miscems saqarTvelos, solidarobis
principze damyarebuli minimaluri garantiis uzrunvelyofasTan erTad, ukeT
daukavSiros erTmaneTs daxmarebebi da Sesatanebi.
saqarTvelos sesf-is mier ganxorcielebuli aqtuaruli1 analizis safuZvelze
gansazRvrulia sistemis Semdegi ZiriTadi parametrebi: sapensio asaki - 65 weli,
rogorc mamakacebisTvis aseve qalebisaTvisac (qalebisaTvis sapensio asaki 60 wlidan
TandaTanobiT 65 wlamde gaizrdeba, naxevari weli erT kalendarul weliwadSi);
minimaluri sadazRvevo staJi – 15 weli; ZiriTadi pensia – qveyanaSi wina wlis
saSualo xelfasis 13 procenti. pensiis pirobiT-dagrovebiTi nawili gaangariSdeba
sapensio asakSi sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivobis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tanabrad
rogorc mamakacebisaTvis aseve qalebisaTvis. pirobiTi kapitalis valorizacia
moxdeba yovelwliurad, fasebis indeqsis mixedviT, romelsac daericxeba xelfasis
saSualo mateba. igive meqanizmi iqneba gamoyenebuli ukve daniSnuli daxmarebebis
indeqsirebisTvis, magram pirvel etapze maTi indeqsacia moxdeba pirobiTad, sesf-is
xelT arsebuli resursebis farglebSi. savaraudoa, rom axali sistemis pirobebSi
1 sadazRvevo gamoTvlebze dafuZnebuli (red.).
socialuri uzrunvelyofis da saxelmwifo pensiebis sakanonmdeblo baza
122 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi - 2002 weli, #2
saSualo Canacvlebis koeficienti (saSualo pensia saSualo xelfasTan mimarTebaSi)
33 procenti iqneba.
sapensio dazRvevis Sesatanebi (dReisaTvis, 28 procenti) daiyofa or nawilad:
erTi dafaravs pensiis ZiriTad nawils (romelic solidarobis Sesatanebzea
dafuZnebuli), xolo meore aRricxuli iqneba individualur angariSebze. mocemuli
kanonproeqtiT Tavdapirvelad gaTvaliswinebulia 20+8 proporciiT dayofa (aqedan,
20 procentuli punqti - solidarobis Sesatanebis nawilis dasafaravad,
8 procentuli punqti - individualur angariSebze dasaricxavad). mosalodnelia, rom
pirobiT-dagrovebiTi nawilis wili TandaTanobiT gaizrdeba.
kanonproeqtis ZalaSi Sesvlamde muSakTa mier mopovebuli sapensio uflebebi,
gadayvanili iqneba sawyis pirobiT kapitalSi, Semdegi parametrebis gaTvaliswinebiT:
saSualo xelfasi axali sistemis SemoRebamde erTi wliT adre, samuSao staJis
xangrZlivoba da Sesatanebis ganakveTis koeficienti, romelic axal sistemaSi
gamoyenebuli procentuli punqtebis tolia, romlebsac iyeneben Sesatanebis
gadasayvanad pirobiT-dagrovebiT nawilSi (0,08).
individualuri samuSao staJi dasaqmebulebisaTvis gansazRvruli iqneba
Sromis wignakebSi gakeTebuli Canawerebis safuZvelze. rac Seexeba fermerebsa da
TviTdasaqmebulebs, maT damatebiT unda waradginon Sesatanebis gadaxdis
damadasturebuli sabuTebi. axali sistemis SemoRebis Semdeg, sadazRvevo staJi
gansazRvruli iqneba individualur angariSebSi aRricxul monacemebze dayrdnobiT.
Sromisuunarobis pensiebi gaicema pirveli (mZime) da meore (sakmaod mZime)
kategoriebisaTvis. dasaqmebis staJis minimaluri xangrZlivoba - 15 welia.
moqmedi sistemisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic iTvaliswinebs 100 procentian
pensias marCenalis kmayofaze myofi TiToeuli ojaxis wevrisaTvis, axali sistema
uzrunvelyofs damatebiT Tanxas marCenalis dakargvis Semdeg mis kmayofaze myofi
ojaxis wevrebisaTvis, maTi raodenobis mixedviT, romelic daericxeba maT mier
misaReb pensias. amave dros, gardacvlili marCenalis kmayofaze myofi ojaxis
TiToeuli wevri uzrunvelyofili iqneba garantirebuli minimumiT.
kanonproeqti savaldebulo socialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi individualuri (personificirebuli ) aRricxvisa da individualuri angariSebis SemoRebis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis sadazRvevo principebze
gadasvla aucileblad moiTxovs muSakTa (dazRveul pirTa) da damqiravebelTa
(damzRvevTa) aRricxvis, personificirebuli aRricxvis daregulirebas da
individualuri angariSebis SemoRebas, rogorc yvelaze aprobirebuli da
ganviTarebuli sistemisa. personificirebuli aRricxvis sistemis dafuZneba
socialuri dazRvevis amosavali wertilia.
socialuri uzrunvelyofis da saxelmwifo pensiebis sakanonmdeblo baza
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 123
mocemuli kanonproeqti mkafiod gansazRvravs saqarTvelos sesf-s funqciebs
socialuri sadazRvevo Sesatanebis amoRebaze, aRricxvasa da valorizaciaze
kontrolis, monitoringisa da meTvalyureobis ganxorcielebaSi.
personificirebuli aRricxva moxdeba pirobiT-dagrovebiTi danazogebis
angariSebis SemoRebisa da samuSao staJis, Semosavlisa da sadazRvevo Sesatanebis
Sesaxeb swori da sruli informaciis uzrunvelyofis safuZvelze. am informaciaze
dayrdnobiT, gansazRvruli iqneba sadazRvevo gasacemlis odenoba (pensia, daxmareba
da a.S.). aRricxvis monacemTa baza uzrunvelyofs saWiro informacias sadazRvevo
gasacemlis xarjebis dagegmvisaTvis, sadazRvevo Sesatanebis ganakveTis
koreqtirebisa da sadazRvevo gasacemlebis Sesaxeb monacemTa gaanalizebisaTvis.
kanonproeqti aRwers individualuri (personificirebuli) aRricxvis
organizebis sistemas, ayalibebs dazRveuli piris individualuri angariSis
damuSavebis wesebs, gansazRvravs dazRveuli piris Sesaxeb informaciis wardgenisa
da Senaxvis wesebs muSakis, damqiraveblisa da TviTdasaqmebulis mier dazRvevisaTvis,
ganixilavs dazRveuli piris, damzRvevis da mzRvevlis valdebuleba-
pasuxismgeblobas kanonis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi da gansazRvravs mxareTa Soris
davebis mogvarebis wess.
kanonproeqti garkveulad miuTiTebs saqarTvelos moqmed sakanonmdeblo
aqtebze, romlebic aregulireben monacemTa konfidencialurobis sakiTxs.
kanonproeqtis gansaxorcieleblad, msoflio bankis programa uzrunvelyofs
finansur daxmarebas 1,5 milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT. damatebiTi dafinanseba
saxelmwifo biujetidan saWiro ar aris.
mosaxleobisaTvis informaciis uzrunvelyofa
amasTan, socialuri reformebisaTvis logikuri dasabuTebis gansazRvris
mizniT saWiroa sistemaSi struqturuli cvlilebebisadmi arsebuli midgomebis
Sesaxeb sazogadoebis informaciiT uzrunvelyofis strategiebis SemuSaveba. am
mizniT, saqarTvelos SeuZlia gamoiyenos sazogadoebis saganmanaTleblo kampaniebis
warmatebuli modelebi, romlebic ukve ganxorcielda sxva qveynebSi. es modelebi
daexmareba saqarTvelos farTo sazogadoebisaTvis informaciis uzrunvelyofis
saukeTeso gzebis moZiebaSi. saganmanaTleblo programebi, romlis miznebSi Sedis
reformebis ganxorcielebis aucileblobisa da maTi arsis ganmarteba, xels
Seuwyobda mosaxleobis politikuri nebis Camoyalibebis procesis daCqarebas, Tu ki
es programebi CarTuli iqneba saerTo strategiaSi reformis sawyis etapebze.
danarTi III.
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
124 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
leqso liparteliani, analitikosi, kompania “Galt & Taggart Securities LLC”
dRes saqarTvelo warmoadgens gardamavali ekonomikis mqone post-sabWour
saxelmwifos. ssrk-s daSlis Semdeg qveyanam Zlieri ekonomikuri vardna ganicada.
dReisaTvis ekonomikuri reformebis gatareba da stabiluri ekonomikuri zrda
krizisuli mdgomareobidan gamosvlis da dasavleTze orientirebuli demokratiuli
sazogadoebis formirebis erTaderT saSualebas warmoadgens. aq, Cven warmodgenili
gvaqvs ukanaskneli wlebSi qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mokle analizi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ekonomikuri ganviTarebis arsebuli tendenciebi jer kidev Sorsaa
sasurvelisagan, rac naTlad Cans saqarTvelos finansuri bazris mdgomareobaze
dakvirvebiT. Tumca, niSandoblivia, rom iseTi metad mniSvnelovani seqtorebi,
rogoricaa sabanko saqmianoba da kavSirgabmuloba, zrdis Zalian maRal tempebs
inarCuneben, rac safuZvels gvaZlevs optimisturad ganvewyoT qveynis saSualo da
grZelvadiani ganviTarebis perspeqtivis mimarT.
mTliani Sida produqti
90-ani wlebis dasawyisSi ganviTarebulma politikurma movlenebma zegavlena
moaxdines saqarTvelos ekonomikis ganviTarebis donesa da struqturaze.
1990-94 wlebSi, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis da qveyanaSi gaCaRebuli samoqalaqo omis
Sedegad, qveynis mSp-ma mniSvnelovani vardna ganicada. am periodis ganmavlobaSi,
qveynis mSp 70 procentze metiT Semcirda, rac, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris sxva
qveynebTan SedarebiTac ki, daujereblad didi ricxvia. Tumca, 1995 wlidan,
saqarTveloSi politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis daregulirebis Semdeg, mSp-s
maCvenebeli stabilurad izrdeboda. ekonomikurma zrdam miaRwia maRal erT-niSna da
or-niSna doneebs, Sesabamisad 1996 da 1997 wlebSi. magram, 1998 wels, ruseTis
finansuri krizisis zemoqmedebis Sedegad, ekonomikuri zrdis tempi Senelda.
miuxedavad amisa, prognozirebadi fulad-sakredito politika da saprocento
ganakveTebis Semcireba, SeiZleba miCneul iqnas sainvesticio procesis dawyebis,
Sedegad ki qveynis ekonomikuri gajansaRebis procesis daCqarebis, sawyisad
saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi.
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 125
nax. 1: nax. 1: nax. 1: nax. 1: mSp----is realuri zrda, 1990is realuri zrda, 1990is realuri zrda, 1990is realuri zrda, 1990----2002002002003 ww. 3 ww. 3 ww. 3 ww.
100%
79%
43% 31% 28% 28% 31% 34% 35% 36% 37% 38% 40% 42%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
p
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, kompania “Galt & Taggart-is” prognozi
90-ani wlebis dasawyisidan, MmSp-is struqtura Seicvala soflis meurneobis
sasargeblod, vinaidan mrewvelobis seqtori ufro mZime krizisul mdgomareobaSi
aRmoCnda. es pirvel rigSi, ganpirobebuli iyo yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebis
momwodeblebsa da momxmarebelTan arsebuli kontaqtebis dakargviT da imiT, rom
90-an wlebSi araregularulma energomiwodebam warmoebis normaluri procesis
darRveva gamoiwvia. 90-ani wlebis SuaSi, qveynis mSp-is TiTqmis erTi mesamedi soflis
meurneobis wilad modioda. 2000 da 2001 wlebSi mrewvelobis xvedriTi wili
Sesabamisad 20 da 19 procentamde Semcirda, ramac saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo
qveynis statusi mianiWa. dReisaTvis arakorporaciuli seqtori – mcire
Sinameurneobebi – awarmoebs sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis TiTqmis 90 procents,
romlis mniSvnelovani nawili piradi moxmarebisaTvis aris gankuTvnili.
danarCeni sami seqtori, romlebic soflis meurneobis seqtorTan erTad,
qveynis mSp-is or mesameds Seadgens, Semdegia: 1) mrewveloba (eleqtroenergiis,
bunebrivi airisa da wyalmomaragebis CaTvliT), 2) vaWroba da 3) transporti.
mrewveloba, romelic sididiT meore seqtoria, mSp-is 27 procents Seadgens.
dargis daaxloebiT meoTxedi sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis gadamuSavebaze modis
da igi ar aris korporirebuli, rac niSnavs, rom warmoebulia SinameurneobaTa mier.
vaWrobis wili mSp-s 12 procentze metia. bolo xuTi wlis manZilze, misi wili
stabiluri rCeboda, radganac ruseTTan vaWrobis moculobis Semcirebis kompensireba
TurqeTTan savaWro brunvis zrdis xarjze moxda. saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi yvelaze
maRali zrda transportis seqtorSia dafiqsirebuli. misi wili mSp-Si gaizarda
2 procentidan 1996 wels 11 procentamde 2001 wels.
2001 wels momsaxurebis wilma mSp-is 60 procenti Seadgina, maSin roca
1996 wels igi mxolod 44 procenti iyo. amgvari cvlilebis mTavari mizezi
transportis, kavSirgabmulobisa da finansuri momsaxurebis seqtorTa swrafi zrda
gaxda. sagulisxmoa, rom finansuri momsaxurebis seqtoris xvedriTi wili
1996 wlisdan dRemde samjer gaizarda.
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
126 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
2000 wlisagan gansxvavebiT, rodesac saqarTvelos soflis meurneobam Zlieri
gvalva ganicada, ramac am dargSi 13 procentiani vardna gamoiwvia, 2001 wels soflis
meurneobis seqtorSi zomieri 5,6 procentiT zrda aRiniSna. Sesabamis periodSi
mrewvelobis seqtorma wliuri 2,7 procentiani vardna ganicada, Tumca ki 2001 wels,
transportisa (3,1 procenti) da kavSirgabmulobis (15 procenti) da samSeneblo
(8 procenti) seqtorebSi stabiluri aRmasvlis Sedegad mSp-is realuri zrdis
matebam 2,5 procenti Seadgina (2000 wels 2,0 procentidan 2001 wels 4,5 procentamde).
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, mSp wliur gamosaxulebaSi, 4,2 procentiT
gaizarda, rac soflis meurneobis (3,5 procentiT), mrewvelobis (4,5 procentiT),
transportis (6,7 procentiT), kavSirgabmulobisa (6 procentiT) da finansuri
momsaxurebis (24 procentiT) seqtorebSi dafiqsirebuli zrdis Sedegia. Cveni
gaangariSebiT, mSp-is realurma zrdam wlis ganmavlobaSi 4 procenti unda Seadginos,
rac Cveni azriT, garkveulwilad, soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis seqtorebSi
dabali zrdisa da finansur da sakomunikacio seqtorebSi zrdis tempis Senelebis
Sedegia. 2003 wlisaTvis, Cvens mier gakeTebuli prognozi mSp-s 4,9 procentiT
zrdasTan dakavSirebiT mrewvelobis zrdis tempis mcireoden matebas da
sakomunikacio da finansuri momsaxurebis seqtorebSi zrdis tempebis Senelebis
tendenciebs Eemyareba.
grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, vfiqrobT, rom qveynis stabiluri ekonomikuri
zrda damokidebulia sam faqtorze:
1.1.1.1. investiciebis done da investiciebis zrdainvesticiebis done da investiciebis zrdainvesticiebis done da investiciebis zrdainvesticiebis done da investiciebis zrda
pirveli faqtori damokidebulia makroekonomikur stabilurobaze, sakuTrebis
uflebaTa dacvaze, kanonis Sesrulebasa da warmoebis ZiriTadi dargebis
liberalizaciaze. saprocento ganakveTebis Semcirebam, realur gamosaxulebaSi,
SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos investiciebis zrdas.
statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti ar aqveynebs saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi
dabandebuli investiciebis saerTo moculobis amsaxvel monacemebs. maSasadame,
sainvesticio tendenciebis Sesaxeb informaciis erTaderT wyaros ucxouri
investiciebis statistikuri monacemebi warmoadgens, romlebic sagadamxdelo
balansis nawilis saxiT qveyndeba. Tumca eqspertul Sefasebebze dayrdnobiT
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom ucxouri investiciebi qveynis ekonomikaSi dabandebuli
investiciebis daaxloebiT naxevars unda Seadgendes. aqedan gamomdinare, momavali
ekonomikuri zrda didwilad iqneba damokidebuli Semdgom wlebSi mozidul ucxouri
investiciebis doneze.
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 127
nax. 2. wminda ucxouri investiciebi nax. 2. wminda ucxouri investiciebi nax. 2. wminda ucxouri investiciebi nax. 2. wminda ucxouri investiciebi
(milioni aSS dolari)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002p 2003p
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, kompania “Galt & Taggart-is” prognozi
bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi sainvesticio tendenciebi arasaxarbieloa.
garda imisa, rom investiciebis done, 2001 wels, mSp-s sul raRac 9 procents
Seadgenda, Tavad sainvesticio nakadebis trendi arastabiluri iyo. mocemuli
grafiki asaxavs ucxouri kapitalis nakadebs saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi. 1998 wels
investiciebis vardnaruseTis finansuri krizisis Sedegad laris gaufasurebiTaa
gamowveulia, xolo 2001 wels dafiqsirebuli kleba dabali saprivatizacio
Semosavlebisa da 1999 wlidan ssf-s programis SeCerebis Sedegs warmoadgens Tumca
fondis programis ganaxlebam 2001 wels ucxouri investiciebis saerTo moculobis
momentaluri zrda gamoiwvia.
2.2.2.2. soflis meurneoba da masTan dakavSirebuli dargebi soflis meurneoba da masTan dakavSirebuli dargebi soflis meurneoba da masTan dakavSirebuli dargebi soflis meurneoba da masTan dakavSirebuli dargebi
soflis meurneobasa da sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis gadamuSavebasTan
dakavSirebuli gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis arakorporaciul nawilSi,
korporirebuli seqtoris ganviTarebas ekonomikisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs,
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT raoden didi wili ukavia am seqtors qveynis mSp-Si. mogebaze
orientirebul sawarmoTa simcire aferxebs stabilur zrdas am seqtorebSi da
zRudavs investiciebs.
rogorc ukve avRniSneT, sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis 90 procentamde
arakorporaciul seqtorze modis. bolo eqvsi wlis ganmavlobaSi mocemuli
maCveneblis ramdenadme mniSvnelovani cvlileba ar momxdara. Tumca, aRiniSneboda
mcireodeni vardna arakorporaciul warmoebaSi, romlis wili umniSvnelod Semcirda
29 procentidan 1996 wels 27 procentamde 2001 wels.
cxrili 1: korporaciuli da arakorporaciuli seqtorebis wili gadamamuSavebeli cxrili 1: korporaciuli da arakorporaciuli seqtorebis wili gadamamuSavebeli cxrili 1: korporaciuli da arakorporaciuli seqtorebis wili gadamamuSavebeli cxrili 1: korporaciuli da arakorporaciuli seqtorebis wili gadamamuSavebeli
da samTo da samTo da samTo da samTo----mompmompmompmompovebel mrewvelobaSi (procenti)ovebel mrewvelobaSi (procenti)ovebel mrewvelobaSi (procenti)ovebel mrewvelobaSi (procenti)
1996199619961996 1997199719971997 1998199819981998 1999199919991999 2000200020002000 2001200120012001 2002Fp2002Fp2002Fp2002Fp 2003 pF2003 pF2003 pF2003 pF
korporirebulikorporirebulikorporirebulikorporirebuli 71.5 72.9 72.4 74.2 78.7 72.6 70.2 70.1
arakorporirebuliarakorporirebuliarakorporirebuliarakorporirebuli 28.5 27.1 27.6 25.8 21.3 27.4 29.8 29.9
sulsulsulsul 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, kompania “Galt & Taggart-is” prognozi SeniSvna: “p” niSnavs prognozs
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
128 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
vfiqrobT, rom dargis korporirebuli nawilis ganviTareba Zalian neli
procesia da saWiroebs demografiul, ekonomikur da sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebs, maT
Soris sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis Tavisufali gasxvisebis daSvebas. Cveni
pesimisturi prognoziT, am sferoSi garkveuli winsvlis miRweva Semdgom
5-7 weliwadSi iqneba SesaZlebeli.
3.3.3.3. energokrizisis daZlevaenergokrizisis daZlevaenergokrizisis daZlevaenergokrizisis daZleva
pirveladi energoresursebis ukmarisobiT gamowveuli energokrizisis Sedegad
msxvil samrewvelo sawarmoebs eleqtroenergiisa da bunebrivi airis miwodeba
SeuferxdaT. es mniSvnelovani faqtori iyo, romelmac SezRuda qveynis ekonomikuri
zrda, gansakuTrebiT samrewvelo seqtorSi. qveynis damokidebulebam ruseTis
energomatareblebis importze da ruseTTan politikuri urTierTobebis garTulebam
energetikis problemis mogvarebaze uaryofiTad imoqmeda. axlo perspeqtivaSi
navTobze fasebis Semcireba ramdenadme Seamsubuqebs problemis simZimes. Tumca, am
sakiTxis mosagvareblad grZelvadian perspeqtivaze gaTvliT, mTavrobam ufro
radikaluri zomebi unda miiRos rogorc Sida, aseve gare frontebzec. es gulisxmobs
energetikis seqtoris sawarmoTa srul liberalizacias, energomiwodebis Sewyvetis
daSvebas urCi gadamxdelebisaTvis da amasTan erTad, ruseTTan molaparakebebis
warmoebas da navTobisa da gazis saeqsporto milsadenebis proeqtebis
ganxorcielebis Sedegad yvela im upiratesobis srulad gamoyenebas, romliTac
saqarTvelom SeiZleba isargeblos rogorc tranzitulma qveyanam.
inflacia
saqarTvelom 1997 wlidan 1998 da 1999 wlebis gamoklebiT, moaxerxa inflaciis
SenarCuneba dabali erTniSna maCveneblis farglebSi. sfi-iT gansazRvrulma
inflaciam, 2001 wels mxolod 3,4 procenti Seadgina. iseTi sustad ganviTarebuli
sabazro ekonomikis mqone qveynisaTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa, inflaciis esoden
dabali done saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis (seb-is) mier, ssf-isa da msoflio bankis
mxardaWeriT, mkacri fulad-sakredito politikis gatarebis Sedegs warmoadgens. 1998-
1999 wlebSi inflaciis donis mateba 11 procentamde gamowveuli iyo 1998 wlis bolos
da 1999 wlis dasawyisSi laris kursis dacemiT, rac importirebul saqonelze
fasebis zrdaSi aisaxa.
saqarTveloSi inflacia wlis ganmavlobaSi sezonuri cvalebadobiT
xasiaTdeba. es ganpirobebulia samomxmareblo kalaTis SemadgenlobaSi sasoflo-
sameurneo nawarmis SedarebiT maRali wiliT. zafxulis periodSi sfi-is kleba
sasoflo-sameurneo nawarmze fasebis sezonuri vardniT aixsneba.
Cveni prognoziT, 2002 da 2003 wels inflacia Sesabamisad 5,9 da 6,7 procents
miaRwevs. 2002 wels inflaciis donis zrda erTis mxriv, eleqtroenergiis safasuris
matebiT da meores mxriv, sasoflo-sameurneo nawarmze fasebis stabilurobiT
aixsneba.
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 129
Cveni azriT, grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi mTavroba inflaciis SenarCunebas
5 procentis farglebSi Seecdeba. Tumca, ekonomikuri zrdis stimulirebis mizniT,
fulad-sakredito politikis Serbilebis Sedegad inflaciis done SeiZleba
gaizardos. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qveyanaSi moxmarebis dabal dones, savaraudod,
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri zrda maRal maCvenebels mxolod maRali erTniSna
inflaciis pirobebSi miaRwevs.
nax. 3: nax. 3: nax. 3: nax. 3: sfi (yovelTviuri cvl (yovelTviuri cvl (yovelTviuri cvl (yovelTviuri cvlileba)ileba)ileba)ileba)
(procentebi)
-4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8%
10% 12% 14%
dek-97
mar-98
ivn-98
seq-98
dek-98
mar-99
ivn-99
seq-99
dek-99
mar-00
ivn-00
seq-00
dek-00
mar-01
ivn-01
seq-01
dek-01
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, kompania “Galt & Taggart-is” prognozi
sagadamxdelo balansi
bolo oTxi wlis manZilze saqarTvelos sakmaod didi savaWro deficiti
hqonda, rac mTavrobis mier mkacri monetaruli politikis gatarebis Sedegia.
2001 wels, importis mTlianma moculobam 1,3 miliardi aSS dolari Seadgina, xolo
eqsportma – 810 milioni aSS dolari. miuxedavad amisa, 2001 wlis monacemebis
Tanaxmad, 1998 wels dafiqsirebuli 760 milioni aSS dolaridan, savaWro deficiti
549 milion aSS dolaramde Semcirda. es moxda 1998 wels laris 38 procentiT
gaufasurebis Sedegad, rac rusuli rublis - saqarTvelos erT-erTi umsxvilesi
savaWro partnioris valutis kursis dacemam gamoiwvia. 1998 wels laris
gaufasurebisa da ruseTis krizisis saboloo Sedegi iyo rogorc eqsportis, aseve
importis moculobebis vardna. Tumca, importis moculoba ufro metad daeca imis
gamo, rom ruseTidan Semotanil saqonelTan SedarebiT, sxva qveynebidan
importirebuli saqoneli saqarTveloSi naklebad konkurentunariani gaxda.
nnnnnnnnaaaaaaaaxxxxxxxx........ 44444444........ ssssssssaaaaaaaaqqqqqqqqaaaaaaaarrrrrrrrTTTTTTTTvvvvvvvveeeeeeeelllllllloooooooossssssss ssssssssaaaaaaaavvvvvvvvaaaaaaaaWWWWWWWWrrrrrrrroooooooo ddddddddaaaaaaaa mmmmmmmmiiiiiiiimmmmmmmmddddddddiiiiiiiinnnnnnnnaaaaaaaarrrrrrrreeeeeeee aaaaaaaannnnnnnnggggggggaaaaaaaarrrrrrrriiiiiiiiSSSSSSSSiiiiiiiissssssss bbbbbbbbaaaaaaaallllllllaaaaaaaannnnnnnnssssssssiiiiiiii
((mmiilliioonnii aaSSSS ddoollaarrii))
-675 -760
-534
-562
-549
-602
-635
-499
-416
-195
-288
-211
-230
-211
-800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002p 2003p
savaWro balansi mimdinare angariSis balansi
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, saqarTvelos erovnuli banki, kompania “Galt & Taggart-i”
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
130 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
Cveni varaudiT, 2001 wels miRweuli eqsportis mateba gagrZeldeba Semdgomi
ori wlis ganmavlobaSi da 2003 wlisaTvis, eqsportis moculoba 987 milion aSS
dolars miaRwevs. Tumca, vinaidan momaval or weliwadSi , mSp-is zrdis tempis
mniSvnelovani daCqareba mosalodneli ar aris, Cven ar velodebiT, rom
gaumjobesdeba savaWro balansi, radganac savaraudoa, rom importis moculobac
gaizrdeba.
saqarTvelos 549 milioni aSS dolaris savaWro deficitis dafarva dadebiTi
sagareo Semosavlebis balansis da calmxrivi gadaricxvebis xarjze xorcieldeba. es
gadaricxvebi sagareo daxmarebebs da qarTuli diasporis mier TavianTi ojaxebisTvis
saqarTveloSi gadmoricxul Tanxebs moicavs. es ukanaskneli ki mimdinare angariSis
balansis mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgens, miuxedavad imisa, rom statistikis
saxelmwifo departamentis SefasebiT, weliwadSi, mxolod 150 milion aSS dolars
Seadgens. amis safuZvelze bolo oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi arsebiTi savaWro
deficitis miuxedavad garkveulwilad aixsneba valutis stabiluroba,.
kapitalis angariSis balansi dadebiTi iyo da 2001 wels 285 milioni aSS
dolari Seadgina. angariSis mniSvnelovani nawili pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis
wilad modioda, romelmac arsebuli proficitis 38 procenti Seadgenda. kapitalis
angariSis meore mniSvnelovan nawils samTavrobo da sabanko seqtoris sesxebi
Seadgenda. 2000 wlisagan gansxvavebiT pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi Semcirda 132
milioni aSS dolaridan 2000 wels, 109 milion aSS dolaramde 2001 wels,. 2002 wels,
ucxouri investiciebis zrdis SesaZlebloba didwilad damokidebuli iqneba
mTavrobis saprivatizacio gegmebis ganxorcielebaze kavSirgabmulobis, transportisa
da energetikis seqtorebSi, Tumca amasTan dakavSirebiT Cveni prognozi ramdenadme
pesimisturia. Tumca, ssf-is programis gagrZeleba, romelic 2001 wlis ianvarSi
ganaxlda niSnavs, rom saqarTvelo damatebiT dafinansebas miiRebs ssf-sgan da aseve
msoflio bankisgan. Cven agreTve veliT msxvili qarTuli bankebis mier ucxouri
sakredito xazebis gafarToebas. mTlianobaSi, Cveni prognoziT, 2002 wels kapitalis
angariSis proficiti 7 procentiT gaizrdeba.
gacvliTi kursi da fulad-sakredito politika
lari – saqarTvelos erovnuli valuta, SemoRebul iqna 1995 wlis bolos,
sawyisi gacvliTi kursiT 1lari/aSS dolari. Tumca, lari SemoRebidan arc Tu ise
didi drois gasvlis Semdeg 30 procentiT gaufasurda. laris kursi stabiluri
rCeboda 1996 da 1997 wlebis ganmavlobaSi, ris Semdegac, 1998 wlis oqtomberSi, kidev
erTi vardna ganicada, amjerad 38 procentiT. es gamowveuli iyo rusuli rublis
mkveTri dacemiT da imiT, rom seb-s ar gaaCnda resursebi mimdinare angariSis
deficitis dasafinanseblad. 1998 wlis bolomde seb-ma met-naklebad moaxerxa sagareo
zemoqmedebis Serbileba da SeZlo kursis stabilizeba 1.8 lari/aSS dolarze.
1999 wlidan dawyebuli, seb-ma SezRuda intervenciebi savaluto bazarze, Sewyvita
fuladi bazis Semcireba da SemoiRo mcuravi gacvliTi kursis politika.
2001 wlis bolos, gacvliTi kursi iyo 2.06 lari/aSS dolari, rac miuTiTebs
2001 wels laris 4,3 procentiT devalvaciaze,. SedarebisaTvis 2000 wels lari
2 procentiT gamyarda, xolo 1999 wels 7,8 procentiT gaufasurda.
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 131
1998-1999 wlebisagan gansxvavebiT, 2000-2001 wlebSi seb-i ucxouri valutis mxolod
myidveli iyo. es miuTiTebs gacvliTi kursis bunebrivi balansis Camoyalibebaze,
vinaidan klebis tendenciis amsaxveli mimdinare angariSis deficitis dafinanseba
xdeba Semosuli ucxouri kapitalis xarjze.
2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi seb-i agrZelebda msgavsi midgomis ganxorcielebas,
vinaidan sagareo valis gadaxdebi moiTxovs ucxouri valutis rezervebis dagrovebas.
Cven avRniSneT, rom seb-is ucxouri valutis rezervebma 2001 wlis bolos 159 milioni
aSS dolari Seadgina, rac 46 procentiT metia 2000 wlis bolosTan SedarebiT. ssf-is
dafinanseba da Sida bazarze 35 milioni aSS dolaris Sesyidvebi aRniSnuli matebis
mTavari wyaro iyo. rezervebis saerTo moculoba (sesxis specialuri uflebisa da
oqros maragis CaTvliT) mxolod 47 dRis importis dafarvas Seesabameba, rac
naklebia vidre Sesabamisi maCvenebeli dsT-s qveynebis umravlesobisaTvis. 2002 wlis
30 ivnisis mdgomareobiT, ucxouri valutis rezervebi 146 milion aSS dolaris toli
iyo, rac mcireodeni klebis amsaxvelia. miuxedavad imisa, rom mocemuli ricxvi
gacvliTi kursis daucvelobaze miuTiTebs, vfiqrobT, rom seb-i SesZlebs erovnuli
valutis SedarebiTi stabilurobis SenarCunebas Semdgomi ori wlis manZilze. ssf-is
programis ganxorcielebis ganaxlebam xeli unda Seuwyos importis amJamindeli
gadafarvis koeficientis SenarCunebas, importis moculobis zrdis miuxedavad. 2002
da 2003 wels, Cven vvaraudobT laris gaufasurebas 9 da 8 procentiT, ris Sedegadac
wlis bolos gacvliTi kursebi, Sesabamisad 2,2 lari/aSS dolari da 2,4 lari/aSS
dolari Seadgens.
nax.nax.nax.nax. 5. gacvliTi kurse 5. gacvliTi kurse 5. gacvliTi kurse 5. gacvliTi kursebi lari/aSS dolaribi lari/aSS dolaribi lari/aSS dolaribi lari/aSS dolari
0.5
1.0
1.5 2.0
2.5
dek-96
mai-97
oqt
-97
mar-98
agv-98
ian-99
ivn-99
noe-99
apr-00
seq-00
Teb
-01
ivl-01
mai-02
dek-01
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
2001 wels, fulis baza 14 procentiT gaizarda da M2 da M3 fulis agregatebma
Sesabamisad 6 da 18 procentiT moimata. M3 fulis multiplikatori 2001 wels
1,75-mde gaizarda 2000 wels arsebuli 1,68-dan. , es gamowveuli iyo sabanko
depozitebSi 26 procentiani zrdiT. Sedegad 2001 wels, M3-is zrda 1,34-jer
aRemateboda fulis bazis zrdas.
saqarTvelos ekonomika, romelic mTlianobaSi dolarizebuli iyo 1997 wlamde,
sul ufro iyenebs lars, rogorc angariSsworebis saSualebas. es dadebiT
zemoqmedebas axdens monetarul indikatorebze. meores mxriv, danazogebis mTavar
instruments kvlavac aSS dolari warmoadgens da am tendenciis Secvlas didi dro
sWirdeba. 2001 wels, ucxouri valiutis depozitebi mTliani depozitebis 86 procents
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
132 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
warmoadgenda. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom M3 multiplikatori ufro swrafad izrdeba,
vidre M2 multiplikatori.
saqarTvelos ekonomikis didi nawili monetarizebuli ar aris, rasac Sedegad
mohyveba arafuladi angariSsworebis sistemebis gamoyeneba. amaze miuTiTebs fulis
brunvis siCqare (M3), romelic Zalian maRalia da 2001 wels 9x Seadgina. Tumca, am
indikatoris vardna (1999 da 2000 wlebSi, brunvis siCqare, Sesabamisad 13x da
10x toli iyo) gviCvenebs, rom ekonomika ufro monetarizebuli xdeba. vTvliT, rom es
tendencia gagrZeldeba 2002 da 2003 wlebSi.
mSp-s mosalodneli 3,9 procentiT zrdis da 5,9 procentiani inflaciis
pirobebSi, Cven vvaraudobT fulis bazis 12 procentiT matebas 2002 wels. vfiqrobT,
rom seb-i gaagrZelebs mkacri fulad-sakredito politikis gatarebas, rac zRudavs
qveynis ekonomikuri zrdis potencials. Cveni azriT, ekonomika saWiroebs
stimulirebas ufro liberaluri fulad-sakredito politikis saxiT: magaliTad,
laris ufro mniSvnelovani gaufasureba, 5 procentze meti inflaciis
SesanarCuneblad.
fiskaluri politika
saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebma 2001 wels 749 milioni lari Seadgina, rac
mSp-is mxolod 11,5 procentia. aRniSnuli maCvenebeli arcTu ise damaimedebelia, Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT rom igi Seicavs ucxouri grantebis mimdinare gadaricxvebs
mTavrobisTvis. sabiujeto Semosavlebi mSp-is procentis saxiT wina welTan
SedarebiT 2001 wels 0,6 procentiT gaizarda,.mTavrobis fiskaluri politikis mTavar
warumateblobas warmoadgens is, rom gadasaxadebis ukiduresad dabali mobilizebis
donis amaRleba ar xerxdeba. Cven migvaCnia, rom saqarTvelos ekonomikis
mniSvnelovani nawili, e.w. “Crdilovani” ekonomika, daubegravi rCeba da es arsebiTad
amcirebs mTavrobis finansur resursebs.
biujetis xarjebma 931 milioni lari Seadgina, rac mSp-is 14,3 procentia.
xarjebi, rogorc mSp-is procenti, praqtikulad ucvleli darCa, (sul 0,2 procentiT
gaizarda), ramac biujetis deficiti 181 milion laramde Seamcira, rac mSp-is
2,8 procentia (2000 wels, 3,4 procentTan SedarebiT). Cveni azriT, biujetis deficitis
mTavari mizezia dabali Semosavlebi da aracvalebadi xarjebi.
konsolidirebuli biujetis doneze, saxelmwifos Semosavlebis saerTo
moculobam 1,073 milioni lari, xolo xarjebma 1,260 milioni lari Seadgina, risi
Sedegic 187 milioni laris deficitia (mSp-is 2,9 procenti). Sedegad 2000 welTan
SedarebiT roca deficiti mSp-is 3,6 procenti iyo, gvaqvs deficitis kleba mSp-sTan
mimarTebiT.
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 133
nax. 6nax. 6nax. 6nax. 6. saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi deficitTan mimarTebaSi saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi deficitTan mimarTebaSi saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi deficitTan mimarTebaSi saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi deficitTan mimarTebaSi
(milioni lari)
197 236 231 204 181 158 146
777 810 860 844931
1,0201,155
0 200 400 600 800
1,000 1,200 1,400
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002p 2003p
deficiti xarjebi
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, finansTa saministro, kompania “Galt & Taggart-is” prognozi
Cveni prognoziT, Semdgomi ori wlis ganmavlobaSi biujetis mdgomareoba
miaxlovebuli darCeba 2000 wlis situaciasTan. mTavrobam unda ganaxorcielos
sagadasaxado departamentis restruqturizacia, raTa miRweul iqnes winsvla
biujetis SesrulebaSi, gansakuTrebiT biujetis Semosavlebis nawilSi. Cveni azriT,
dabalansebuli biujetis miRwevis mizniT, sabiujeto xarjebis Sesakvecad Zalian
mcire SesaZlebloba arsebobs.
Cven vvaraudobT, rom 2002 wels, saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi 862 milion
lars Seadgens, rac 2000 welTan SedarebiT, 15 procentiT zrdas warmoadgens. es
bevrad ufro konservatiuli maCvenebelia, vidre biujetis dagegmili Semosavlebis
maCvnebeli (1,040 milioni lari), romelic gulisxmobs 39 procentian wliur zrdas.
2002 wlis pirveli naxevaris Sedegebi imaze miuTiTebs, rom Cveni prognozebi ufro
realisturia, vidre gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli maCvenebeli, vinaidan mocemul
periodSi Semosavalma 392 milioni lari Seadgina, rac wliuri gegmis 38 procentia.
2002 wlis meore kvartalSi, saSualo Tviuri mobilizebis donis 85 milion laramde
matebis SemTxvevaSic ki, wlis bolos garRveva 140 milion lars Seadgens. maSasadame,
Cven ar gamovricxavT, 2002 wels biujetis kidev erT sekvestrs, iseve rogorc
2000 wels. Cveni SefasebiT, biujetis deficiti 2002 wels mSp-is 2,3 procents
Seadgens.
wina wlisagan gansxvavebiT, rodesac saxelmwifo biujetis deficitis
61 procentis dafinansebas seb-i axdenda, 2001 wels deficiti ZiriTadad sagareo
wyaroebidan dafinansda; . deficitis 88 procenti sagareo wyaroebidan finansdeboda,
maSin roca 2000 wels sagareo dafinansebis wili mxolod 18 procents Seadgenda.
2002 wlis tendenciebi msgavs suraTs asaxavs, vinaidan Sida wyaroebidan deficitis
30 procenti, xolo sagareo wyaroebidan – 70 procenti dafinansda.
sagareo vali
saqarTvelos mTavrobis sagareo valma 2001 wlis bolos, 1,6 miliardi aSS
dolari Seadgina, rac mSp-is 51 procentia. valis ZiriTadi nawilis
moklevadianobamda misi momsaxurebis SezRudulma SesaZleblobebma, 2000 wels
gamoiwvia TurqmeneTisa da ruseTis winaSe mTavrobis vadagadasuli davalianebis
dagroveba. sagareo valis ZiriTadi nawili dagrovda 1997 wlamde da igi
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
134 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
denominirebulia aSS dolarebSi. 1998 wlidan sagareo valis dagroveba Sewyda.
miuxedavad amisa, 1998 wels gacvliTi kursis koreqtirebis gamo 1999 wlidan adgili
hqonda vali/mSp-is Sefardebis mkveTr matebas .
cxrili 2. mTavrobis sagareo vali (periodis bolo)cxrili 2. mTavrobis sagareo vali (periodis bolo)cxrili 2. mTavrobis sagareo vali (periodis bolo)cxrili 2. mTavrobis sagareo vali (periodis bolo)
1996199619961996 1997199719971997 1998199819981998 1999199919991999 2000200020002000 2001200120012001
mTavrobis sagareo vali (milioni mTavrobis sagareo vali (milioni mTavrobis sagareo vali (milioni mTavrobis sagareo vali (milioni
aSS dolari)aSS dolari)aSS dolari)aSS dolari) 1348 1,509 1,627 1,631 1,543
1,601
mSp----is procenti is procenti is procenti is procenti 44 42 45 57 51 51
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
safondo birJa
infrastruqturainfrastruqturainfrastruqturainfrastruqtura
fasiani qaRaldebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni gansazRvravs ZiriTad
sakanonmdeblo bazas fasiani qaRaldebis bazrisaTvis. igi ayalibebs salicenzio
pirobebs safondo birJisaTvis, centraluri depozitarisTvis, sabrokero kompaniebisa
da registratorebisaTvis.
fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisia (fqek), fasiani qaRaldebis Sesaxeb kanonis
Tanaxmad, mTavari maregulirebeli organoa, romelic meTvalyureobas uwevs bazris
yvela monawiles. igi pasuxismgebelia safondo birJis licenzirebaze, centralur
depozitarze, sabrokero kompaniebze, registratorebsa da maT personalze. igi aseve
akontrolebs mimdinare angariSebis gamoqveynebas. garda amisa, fqek-ma SeiZleba
gamoaqveynos miTiTebebi, romlebic savaldebuloa qveynis saaqcio
sazogadoebebisaTvis iseve, rogorc birJis sxva wevrebisaTvis. uwinares yovlisa,
fasiani qaRaldebis erovnuli komisia pasuxs agebs saaqcio sazogadoebebis
angariSebis, axali fasiani qaRaldebis gamosaSvebad saWiro prospeqtebisa da
safondo birJis savaWro wesebis gamoqveynebis standartebis SemoRebaze.
saaqcio sazogadoeba Ria tipis kompaniad iTvleba, Tu misi aqciebis SeTavazeba
sajarod xdeba, rac niSnavs moyvanili sami pirobidan nebismieri erTis arsebobas: 1)
saaqcio sazogadoebas 100-ze meti aqcioneri hyavs; 2) sawesdebo dokumentebi ar
gansazRvraven aqcionerTa ricxvs 3) aqciebi daSvebulia safondo birJaze.
yvela Ria tipis saaqcio sazogadoebas unda hyavdes fasiani qaRaldebis
licenzirebuli registratori, reestrSi aqcionerTa registrirebisaTvis. amJamad,
saqarTveloSi moqmedebs Svidi licenzirebuli registratori da yvela
damoukidebelia. saqarTveloSi aqciebi materialuri formiT ar arsebobs.
sagulisxmoa rom es aris fasiani qaRaldebis Sesaxeb kanonis moTxovna. aseT
garemoSi, registratoriebis roli da maTi damoukidebloba metad mniSvnelovania.
Ria tipis saaqcio sazogadoebis aqciebiT nebismieri operacia SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes mxolod licenzirebuli sabrokeros meSveobiT da registrirebuli
unda iyos saqarTvelos safondo birJaze. dRes, arsebobs 17 sabrokero kompania,
romelsac ufleba aqvs awarmoos birJaze vaWroba.
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 135
saqarTvelos safondo birJa sabrokero kompaniebis mier dafuZnebuli
arakomerciuli (aramomgebiani) saaqcio sazogadoebaa. amJamad, mas 38 wevri hyavs.
saqarTvelos safondo birJa qarTuli aqciebisaTvis erTaderTi savaWro platformaa.
safondo birJaze vaWroba 2000 wlis aprilidan daiwyo. rogorc ruseTsa da
ukrainaSi, saqarTvelos safondo birJis eleqtronuli savaWro sistema SemuSavda
USAID-is daxmarebiT da iseTive tipisaa, rogoric ruseTisa da ukrainis savaWro
sistemebi.
centraluri depozitari Seiqmna brokerebs Soris angariSsworebis organizebis
mizniT. SemoRebuli savaWro wesebi da procedurebi uzrunvelyofs garantirebul
gadaxdas da gamoricxavs garigebaSi monawileobaze uaris Tqmis SesaZleblobas
vaWrobis dasrulebis Semdeg (savaWro sesia). centraluri depozitari saqarTvelos
safondo birJaze garigebebis gansaxorcieleblad oTxi sakliringo bankidan erT-
erTs mimarTavs.
saqarTvelos safondo birJis wesebi ganasxvavebs kotirebul fasian qaRaldebs
da im fasian qaRaldebs, romlebic daSvebulia vaWrobisTvis saqarTvelos safondo
birJaze. saqarTvelos safondo birJaze vaWrobisaTvis dasaSvebad arsebobs mxolod
ori moTxovna: 1) reestrSi registracias unda awarmoebdes damoukidebeli
registratori; 2) emitentma unda awarmoos finansuri angariSgeba saqarTvelos
sabuRaltroprincipebis Sesabamisad. kotirebis moTxovnebi bevrad ufro mkacria.
kotirebuli fasiani qaRaldebi, daSvebis gansazRvrul pirobebTan erTad, unda
akmayofilebebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs:
• sawesdebo kapitali – aranaklebi 100,000 aSS dolaris eqvivalentisa
larebSi;
• saaqcio sazogadoebis muSaobis periodi – aranakleb 3 wlisa;
• momgebianoba – minimum 2 weli bolo 3 wlidan;
• gamoSvebuli aqciebis raodenoba – minimum 50,000;
• finansuri angariSgeba saerTaSoriso angariSgebis standartebis
Sesabamisad.
kotirebul da daSvebul aqciebs Soris raime sainvesticio da savaWro
sxvaobebi ar arsebobs. Tumca, kotireba miuTiTebs ara mxolod imaze, rom kompania
ufro didi zomisaa da finansurad SedarebiT stabiluri, aramed imazec, romkompaniis
menejmenti mzadaa Seqmnas WeSmaritad gamWvirvale kompania. amasTan, cxadia rom
kotirebis moTxovnebi zogadad da kerZod, rentabelurobisadmi, dasavleTis
standartebiTac ki metismetad mkacria,. dRes-dReobiT, kotirebaze ganacxadi
gakeTebuli aqvs mxolod saqarTvelos banks - qveyanaSi erTerT yvelaze msxvil
komerciul banks.
safondo bazris mdgomareobsafondo bazris mdgomareobsafondo bazris mdgomareobsafondo bazris mdgomareoba a a a
2001 weli saqarTvelos safondo birJisaTvis metnaklebad warmatebuli weli
iyo vinaidan vaWrobis moculoba 54,9 procentiT gaizarda wina - im welTan
SedarebiT, rodesac vaWroba daiwyo da, 13,077,250 lars miaRwia Tumca safondo
birJis brunva sasurvelisgan jer kidev Sorsaa. 2001 wels birJaze savaWro mrunvam
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
136 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
mSp-is sul raRac 0,2 procenti Seadgina, xolo 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris Sedegebi
romlebic, wliur gamosaxulebaSi, 35 procentiT vardnas asaxavda, kidev ufro
damafiqrebelia. Cveni azriT Zireuli gaumjobesebis gareSe, moculobebis
mniSvnelovani zrda mosalodneli ar aris.
rogorc aRvniSneT safondo birJis funqcionirebaSi garkveuli winsvla
dafiqsirda, Tumca arc Tu ise mniSvnelovani: 2001 wels 1,591 savaWro garigeba Sedga,
rac 165-iT metia vidre 2000 wels. Sedegad vaWrobis saSualo moculobam 8,220 lari
Seadgina. Tumca, garigebaTa saSualo moculoba erT savaWro sesiaze gaangariSebiT,
dabali darCa. (2001 wels - 128,208 lari, 2000 wels - 73,654 larTan SedarebiT). savaWro
moculobis msgavsad 2002 wlis pirvel naxevarSi mcireodeni vardna dafiqsirda
vaWrobis saSualo moculobebSi da es maCvenebeli 113,632 laramde Semcirda.
Nnax. 7. saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro moculoba da Nnax. 7. saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro moculoba da Nnax. 7. saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro moculoba da Nnax. 7. saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro moculoba da
galt end Taggart blu Cip indeqsi ( galt end Taggart blu Cip indeqsi ( galt end Taggart blu Cip indeqsi ( galt end Taggart blu Cip indeqsi (GTBCI) (bolo 12 Tve) (bolo 12 Tve) (bolo 12 Tve) (bolo 12 Tve)
(milioni lari)
40
60
80
100
120
140
ivl-01 seq-01 noe-01 ian-02 apr-02 ivn-020.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
GSE (rhs) GTBCI (lhs)
wyaro: saqarTvelos safondo birJa, kompania “Galt & Taggart-i”
saqarTvelos safondo birJaze vaWrobis dabali moculoba SeiZleba bazris
arasakmaris kapitalizacias mivaweroT. 2002 wlis pirveli naxevris bolos, es
indikatori 167 milion lars anu 2002 wlis mSp-is sul 2,4 procents Seadgenda. es
maCvenebeli ukiduresad dabalia da Tu gaviTvaliswinebT adgilobrivi bazris
potencials. vfiqrobT, rom igi 20 procentze dabali ar unda iyos. saerTaSoriso
Sedarebebi gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos bazars Semdgomi zrdisa da ganviTarebisaTvis
sakmao resursebi gaaCnia. sagulisxmoa, rom wamyvani adgilobrivi kompaniebis
umetesoba daSvebuli ar aris saqarTvelos safondo birJis savaWro sistemaSi. Tu
maTi aqciebi kotirebuli iqnebian saqarTvelos safondo birJaze, bazris
kapitalizacia advilad gaizrdeba 1 miliard laramde. cxadia, rom saqarTvelos
safondo birJa fasiani qaRaldebis deficits ganicdis, vinaidan iseTi mniSvnelovani
seqtorebi rogoricaa momsaxurebis, transportis, mSeneblobisa da satelekomunikacio
seqtorebi ar arian warmodgenili GTBC indeqsSi – dRes-dReobiT, qveyanaSi, safondo
bazris erTaderT indeqsSi.
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 137
nax. 8. bazris kapitalizacia (bolo 12 Tve) nax. 8. bazris kapitalizacia (bolo 12 Tve) nax. 8. bazris kapitalizacia (bolo 12 Tve) nax. 8. bazris kapitalizacia (bolo 12 Tve)
(milioni lari)
0
60
120
180
240
ivl agv seq oqt noe dek ian Teb mar apr mai ivn
ssbssbssbssbGTBCI-indeqsiindeqsiindeqsiindeqsi
wyaro: saqarTvelos safondo birJa, kompania “Galt & Taggart-i”
2001 wels, qarTulmasainvesticio bankma “Galt&Taggart siqiuriTim” SemoiRo “
safondo indeqsi (”Galt & Taggart Blue Chip Index (GTBCI),,) romelic Seicavs aT aqcias. da
warmoadgens bazris mdgomareobis indikators. Tumca indeqsi xasiaTdeba maRali
cvalebadobiT, rac SeiZleba advilad aixsnas bazris ganuviTareblobis da dabali
likvidurobis safuZvelze. amis miuxedavad GTBC indeqsi saqarTvelos safondo
birJis funqcionirebis amsaxvel efeqtur instruments warmoadgens. . 2001 wels, GTBCI indeqsis Semadgenel aqciebze saqarTvelos safondo birJis garigebaTa saerTo
moculobis 85,6 procenti modioda. 2002 wlis 31 ivnisis mdgomareobiT, am aqciebis
wili saqarTvelos safondo birJis saerTo kapitalizaciaSi ki 84,5 procents
Seadgenda.
cxrili 3. cxrili 3. cxrili 3. cxrili 3. GTBC ---- indeqsis struqtura indeqsis struqtura indeqsis struqtura indeqsis struqtura
kompan
ia
kompan
ia
kompan
ia
kompan
ia
kodi
kodi
kodi
kodi
savaW
ro
savaW
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savaW
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savaW
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gar
igeb
ebis
gar
igeb
ebis
gar
igeb
ebis
gar
igeb
ebis
moculoba
2001
moculoba
2001
moculoba
2001
moculoba
2001
w. (l
ari)
w. (l
ari)
w. (l
ari)
w. (l
ari)
fa
fa
fa
fa s
is
sis
sis
sis
cvl
il
eba
2001
cvl
il
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2001
cvl
il
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2001
cvl
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2001
w. (procen
ti)
w. (procen
ti)
w. (procen
ti)
w. (procen
ti)
sab
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sab
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sab
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sab
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tal
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kapi
tal
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kapi
tal
izac
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kapi
tal
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(lar
i)
(lar
i)
(lar
i)
(lar
i)
01/01/20
0201/01/20
0201/01/20
0201/01/20
02
Tavisufal
i
Tavisufal
i
Tavisufal
i
Tavisufal
i
brunvi
s
brunvi
s
brunvi
s
brunvi
s
koef
icien
ti
koef
icien
ti
koef
icien
ti
koef
icien
ti
(procen
ti)
(procen
ti)
(procen
ti)
(procen
ti)
wona
wona
wona
wona
GTB
CI –
Si
Si
Si
Si
(procen
ti)
(procen
ti)
(procen
ti)
(procen
ti)
“ei“ei“ei“ei----iiii----es” Telasies” Telasies” Telasies” Telasi AEST 1,640 -23.1 81,147,886 0.09 0.23
saqarTvelos bankisaqarTvelos bankisaqarTvelos bankisaqarTvelos banki GEB 4,871,737 113.3 32,000,000 47.60 48.82
gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli gaerTianebuli
qarTuli bankiqarTuli bankiqarTuli bankiqarTuli banki
UGB 222,783 -30.0 14,700,000 38.62 18.20
CarxmSenebeliCarxmSenebeliCarxmSenebeliCarxmSenebeli CHAR 119,702 2667.6 10,661,812 62.27 21.28
bagrationibagrationibagrationibagrationi----1882188218821882 BAGR 1,100 0.0 7,413,585 5.20 1.24
rusTavcementirusTavcementirusTavcementirusTavcementi RUCE 35,743 300.0 6,323,836 10.34 2.10
yazbegiyazbegiyazbegiyazbegi KAZB 10,599 25.0 2,702,938 42.70 3.70
univermaRi “Tbilisi”univermaRi “Tbilisi”univermaRi “Tbilisi”univermaRi “Tbilisi” UTB 5,500,010 -49.5 1,966,030 35.48 2.24
saqqalaqmSenobieqtisaqqalaqmSenobieqtisaqqalaqmSenobieqtisaqqalaqmSenobieqti SQMP 21,838 -10.0 1,116,761 58.64 2.10
Tbilisis Tambaqos Tbilisis Tambaqos Tbilisis Tambaqos Tbilisis Tambaqos
fabrika “qarTli”fabrika “qarTli”fabrika “qarTli”fabrika “qarTli”
TTFQ 90 28.2 1,038,900 3.16 0.11
sulsulsulsul 159,071,747159,071,747159,071,747159,071,747 100100100100
wyaro: kompania “Galt & Taggart-i”
saqarTvelo: gardamavali periodis dekada
138 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
saqarTvelos safondo birJaze maRali xarisxis aqciebis deficiti bazris
dabal likvidurobas ganapirobebs dReisaTvis savaWro garigebebSi regularulad
mxolod erTi aqcia - saqarTvelos banki monawileobs, romlis wili, univermaR
“TbilisTan” erTad, 2001 wels saqarTvelos safondo birJaze ganxorcielebuli
savaWro garigebebis moculobaSi 79,4 procents Seadgenda. 2001 wels, saqarTvelos
safondo birJaze vaWrobaSi monawileobda 94 fasiani qaRaldi ,2000 wels
ki 40, miuxedavad imisa, rom Sesabamisi periodis bolos, savaWro sistemaSi daSvebuli
iyo 269 da 282 aqcia. aRsaniSnavia, rom 20-ze met savaWro garigebebSi mxolod xuTi
kompaniis aqcia (GEB, UTB, “saqqalaqmSenproeqti”, “gaerTianebuli qarTuli banki” da
“saqtransproeqti”) monawileobda. Cveni azriT, vidre saqarTvelos safondo birJis
savaWro sistemaSi monawileobas ar miiReben warmatebuli qarTuli kompaniebi, bazris
likviduroba dabali darCeba. aseve warmoebuli finansuri instrumentebis
(derivativebis) magaliTad. ADR-ebis1 msgavsi instrumentebis daSvebam SeiZleba
gazardos bazris likviduroba.
1 amerikuli depozitaris qviTrebi – sertifikatebi, romlebiTac SeerTebul Statebis bazrebze vaWroben da romlebic warmoadgens aqciebSi ucxouri kompaniebis interess. ADR-ebi Seiqmna im mizniT, rom ucxoelma emitentebma SesZlon SeerTebuli Statebis fasiani qaRaldebis saregistracio moTxovnebis dakmayofileba da investorTa mier dolarebSi dividendebis Segrovebis xelSesawyobad. (sem-i)
ekonomikuri glosariumi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 139
absoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesobaabsoluturi upiratesoba
(Absolute advantage) qveynis unari awarmoos ufro meti saqoneli vidre
sxva qveyana awarmoebs resursebis igive
moculobisas (ix. fardobiTi upiratesoba)
arasruli dasaqmebaarasruli dasaqmebaarasruli dasaqmebaarasruli dasaqmeba
(Under-employment) ekonomikuri situacia, rodesac muSaxelis
miwodeba aWarbebs masze moTxovnas
auTsaideri (bankis)auTsaideri (bankis)auTsaideri (bankis)auTsaideri (bankis)
(Outsider)
ara-insaideri
aqciaaqciaaqciaaqcia
(Share, Stock ) saxsrebis mopovebis mizniT saaqcio sazogadoebis
mier gamoSvebuli grZelvadiani fasiani qaRaldi.
aqciis myidveli gadaxdili fulis sanacvlod
xdeba kompaniis sruluflebiani TanamesakuTre,
anu monawileobs mis marTvasa da mogebaSi. (ix.
fasiani qaRaldebi, obligacia, saxazino valdebuleba)
SeniSvna: zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad did britaneTSi,
sityva stock gansxvavdeba mniSvnelobiT sityva share-sagan, da aRniSnavs kompaniis an saxelmwifos mier gamoSvebul
grZelvadian sasesxo valdebulebas.
balansis aRricxvis furceli balansis aRricxvis furceli balansis aRricxvis furceli balansis aRricxvis furceli ----
balansibalansibalansibalansi
(Balance sheet)
dokumenti, romelic asaxavs firmis aqtivebisa da
valdebulebebis moculobas da struqturas.
biujeturi SezRudvabiujeturi SezRudvabiujeturi SezRudvabiujeturi SezRudva
(Budget constraint)
xarjebis SezRudva gamowveuli sxvadasxva
mizeziT, magaliTad, Semosavlebis simciriT.
gadasaxadebi gadasaxadebi gadasaxadebi gadasaxadebi
(Taxes) begara dawesebuli saxelmwifos mier kerZo
pirebis an sawarmoebis Semosavalze an mogebaze
(pirdapiri gadasaxadi), saqonlis gamoyenebze an
momsaxurebiT sargeblobaze (iribi gadasaxadi) da
qonebaze. saqarTveloSi arsebuli ZiriTadi
gadasaxadebia:
1. sawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadisawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadisawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadisawarmos mogebaze gadasaxadi (Profit tax); 2. kerZo pirebis Semosavalze gadasaxadikerZo pirebis Semosavalze gadasaxadikerZo pirebis Semosavalze gadasaxadikerZo pirebis Semosavalze gadasaxadi
(Personal income tax); 3. damatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadidamatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadidamatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadidamatebul Rirebulebaze gadasaxadi _ dRg
(Value Added Tax). misi bazaa iuridiuli Tu
fizikuri pirebis mier Seqmnili damatebuli
Rirebuleba _ sxvaoba saqonlis an
momsaxurebis sarealizacio fassa da mis
ekonomikuri glosariumi
140 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
warmoebasa da mowodebasTan dakavSirebuli
materialur xarjebisa;
4. sabaJo gadasaxadisabaJo gadasaxadisabaJo gadasaxadisabaJo gadasaxadi (Customs duties) _ saxelmwifo
biujetSi savaldebulo Senatani saqarTvelos
sabaJo sazRvarze saqonlis
gadaadgilebisaTvis;
5. aqciziaqciziaqciziaqcizi (Excise) _ garkveuli saxis saqonlis
moxmarebaze iribi gadasaxadi, romelic
CarTulia am saqonlis fasSi;
6. gadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidangadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidangadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidangadasaxadebi xelfasebis fondidan (Payroll taxes) _ specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis
(jandacvis, socuzrunvelyofis da a.S.)
mosakrebeli, romlis gadaxda damqiraveblisa
da muSakis mier xdeba sawarmos xelfasebis
fondidan, fiqsirebuli ganakveTiT.
(ix. sagadasaxado baza)
gamoSveba, warmoebis moculogamoSveba, warmoebis moculogamoSveba, warmoebis moculogamoSveba, warmoebis moculobabababa (Output)
saqoneli da momsaxureba warmoebuli garkveuli
periodis ganmavlobaSi.
depozitidepozitidepozitidepoziti
(Deposit)
kerZo piris an sawarmos angariSi komerciul
bankSi, romelzedac momxmarebels SeuZlia fulis
an Cekebis ganTavseba da maTi gamotana bankis
winaswar gafrTxilebis pirobiT.
deflatori (deflatori (deflatori (deflatori (mSp-isisisis deflatorideflatorideflatorideflatori)
(Deflator - GDP deflator)
fasebis indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens garkveul
wels gamoSvebuli saqonlis Rirebulebis
fardobas sabaziso wlis fasebSi gamosaxul
RirebulebasTan. mSp-is deflatori gansazRvravs
damokidebulebas nominalur da realur
(sabaziso wlis) mSp-s Soris.
deflaciadeflaciadeflaciadeflacia
(Deflation) fasebis saerTo donis daweva. (ix. inflacia)
ekonomikuri zrdaekonomikuri zrdaekonomikuri zrdaekonomikuri zrda
(Economic growth) realuri gamoSvebis zrda.
erovnuli angariSebierovnuli angariSebierovnuli angariSebierovnuli angariSebi
(National accounts) drois garkveul periodSi (rogorc wesi, erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi), erovnuli ekonomikis
amsaxveli statistikuri monacemebis erToblioba.
kerZod, erovnuli angariSebi asaxaven qveyanaSi
warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis mTlian
moculobas da qveynis ekonomikuri aqtiurobis
indikators warmoadgenen.
ekonomikuri glosariumi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 141
valdebuleba (pasivi )valdebuleba (pasivi )valdebuleba (pasivi )valdebuleba (pasivi )
(Liability)
vali; pirovnebis an sawarmos gankargvaSi
arsebuli saxsrebi da qoneba, romelzedac sxva
mxares garkveuli pretenzia SeiZleba gaaCndes.
qveynis valutis sxva qveynis valutaSi gamosaxuli
fasi, romelic dadgenilia am valutebis realuri
msyidvelobiTi unaris gaTvaliswinebiT.
valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda )valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda )valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda )valutis gamyareba (kursis zrda )
(Appreciation)
savaluto bazarze valutis fasis zrda. (ix.
valutis dacema)
valutis dacema (kursis dacema ) valutis dacema (kursis dacema ) valutis dacema (kursis dacema ) valutis dacema (kursis dacema )
(Depreciation) savaluto bazarze valutis gaiafeba sxva
valutebTan SedarebiT.
SeniSvna: ekonomikur literaturaSi sityvas “Depreciation’ SeiZleba hqondes sxva mniSvnelobac _ cveTa, cveTis
sabuRaltro asaxva, amortizacia.
investicia (kapitaldabandeba )investicia (kapitaldabandeba )investicia (kapitaldabandeba )investicia (kapitaldabandeba )
(Investment)
1. fizikuri qonebis, magaliTad qarxnis, manqana-
danadgarebis, SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (realuri
investicia)
2. fasiani qaRaldebis, magaliTad aqciebis,
SesaZenad gaweuli xarji. (finansuri investicia)
SeniSvna: realuri investicia qmnis axal aqtivebs, e. i. zrdis
qveynis sawarmoo potencials; maSin rodesac finansuri
investicia, ubralod, aqtivebis flobis uflebis gadacemaa.
insaideri (bankis )insaideri (bankis )insaideri (bankis )insaideri (bankis )
(Insider)
bankis administraciuli muSaki an aqcioneri, misi
ojaxis wevri an masTan saqmiani interesebiT
dakavSirebuli piri. (sapir. - auTsaideri)
intintintinteleqtualuri kapitalieleqtualuri kapitalieleqtualuri kapitalieleqtualuri kapitali
(Human capital)
saerTo codna romelic gamoiyeneba warmoebaSi.
investiciebs inteleqtualuri kapitalis gazrda-
Si, anu sxvadasxva saxis gamokvlevebSi, Sedegad
sdevs axali, teqnikurad gaumjobesebuli
produqciis warmoeba da ekonomikis efeqturobis
zrda.
intervenciaintervenciaintervenciaintervencia
(Intervention) ama Tu im ekonomikuri subieqtis erTjeradi
intensiuri zemoqmedeba bazarze. magaliTad
erovnuli bankis mier ucxouri valutis gayidvis
mkveTri gazrda.
inflaciainflaciainflaciainflacia
(Inflation) fasebis saerTo donis aweva. (ix. deflacia)
ekonomikuri glosariumi
142 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
kalaTakalaTakalaTakalaTa
(Basket) ama Tu im sidideTa kompleqti, nakrebi, mag.:
1. samomxmareblo kalaTasamomxmareblo kalaTasamomxmareblo kalaTasamomxmareblo kalaTa _ pirobiTi momxmareb-
lis mier moxmarebuli saqonlisa da misTvis
gaweuli momsaxurebis erToblioba;
2. savaluto kalaTasavaluto kalaTasavaluto kalaTasavaluto kalaTa _ sxvadasxva qveynis valutis
ama Tu im wesiT Seqmnili nakrebi (ECU _ ekiu,
evropuli savaluto erTeuli; SDR _ sesxebis
specialuri ufleba; PPS _ msyidvelobiTi
unaris standarti).
kapitaldabandebakapitaldabandebakapitaldabandebakapitaldabandeba
(Investment)
ix. investicia.
kapitalikapitalikapitalikapitali
(Capital)
warmoebis materialuri (fabrikebi, ofisebi,
manqana-danadgarebi) da aramaterialuri (“nou-hau”)
saSualebebis erToblioba.
kapitalis dena kapitalis dena kapitalis dena kapitalis dena
(Capital flight)
fondebis moZraoba adgilobriv ekonomikasa da
gare samyaros Soris, dakavSirebuli fasiani
qaRaldebis an fizikuri aqtivebis yidva-
gayidvasTan da saerTaSoriso sesxebTan.
kapitaluri angariSikapitaluri angariSikapitaluri angariSikapitaluri angariSi (Capital account)
1. sagadamxdelo balansis nawili, romelic aR-
wers grZelvadiani aqtivebis yidva-gayidvasTan da
kerZo seqtoris sesxebTan dakavSirebul saxsrebis
moZraobas (ix. mimdinare angariSi)
2. erovnuli angariSebis nawili, romelic
moicavs mTavrobis mier saxelmwifo infrastruq-
turis sferoSi (gzebi, skolebi, saavadmyofoebi)
gaweul xarjebs da kerZo seqtoris realur
investiciebs.
likviduri aqtivebi (bankis )likviduri aqtivebi (bankis )likviduri aqtivebi (bankis )likviduri aqtivebi (bankis )
(Liquid assets)
fuladi aqtivebi romlebic advilad SeiZleba
iqnas gamoyenebuli angariSsworebisTvis: oqro,
bankis fuladi saxsrebi salaroSi (larebi da
ucxouri valuta), sakorespondento angariSebi
erovnul da ucxour valutaSi (maT Soris
sazRvargareTac), savaldebulo rezervebis
angariSze arsebuli saxsrebi (Tu isini sakredito
auqcionze nayidi kreditis uzrunvelyofas ar
waroadgenen).
lorencis mrudilorencis mrudilorencis mrudilorencis mrudi
(Lorenz curve)
raime sididis, magaliTad Semosavlebis,
ganawilebis amsaxveli mrudi.
diagonalsa da lorencis mruds Soris moqceuli
farTobis Sefardebas diagonalis qvemoT moqceul
farTobTan ewodeba jinis (Gini) koeficienti. igi warmoadgens ganawilebis araTanabrobis sazoms da
ekonomikuri glosariumi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 143
icvleba nolidan (Tanabari ganawileba) erTamde
(absoluturad araTanabari ganawileba).
M0
sxvanairad _ “viwro fuli”. monetarul TeoriaSi
fuladi maragis erT-erTi sazomi (fuladi
agregati), romelic moicavs fuladi aqtivebis
yvelaze likvidur nawils _ bankebis gareT
arsebul naRd fuls. (ar moicavs im naRd fuls,
romelic rezervebis saxiT komerciuli bankebis
sacavebSi inaxeba).
M2
sxvanairad _ “farTo fuli”, moicavs M0-sa da ko-merciul bankebSi arsebul arasabanko da
arasaxelmwifo depozitebs adgilobriv valutaSi.
ganisazRvreba rogorc fuli, romelic, garkveuli
periodis amowurvis Semdeg, SeiZleba gamoyenebul
iqnas angariSsworebisTvis.
M3
aseve, xSirad moixsenieba rogorc “farTo fuli”;
moicavs M2-sa da mosaxleobis ucxour valutaSi
denominirebul anabrebs komerciul bankebSi.
makroekonomikamakroekonomikamakroekonomikamakroekonomika
(Macroeconomics)
ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic
swavlobs ekonomikas rogorc erT mTlians da
cdilobs daadginos fundamenturi ekonomikuri
cnebebis _ warmoebisa da dasaqmebis donis,
fasebis saerTo donis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi
faqtorebi.
materialuri aqtivebi (bankis )materialuri aqtivebi (bankis )materialuri aqtivebi (bankis )materialuri aqtivebi (bankis )
(Fixed assets)
Senoba-nagebobani, sameurneo inventari da maTze
gaweuli kapitaluri danaxarjebi
meoradi kapitali (bankis )meoradi kapitali (bankis )meoradi kapitali (bankis )meoradi kapitali (bankis )
(Secondary capital)
materialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis nawili,
miznobrivi fondebi, saimedo sesxebis SesaZlo
danakargebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seqmnili rezervebi.
(ix. pirveladi kapitali)
mikroekonomikamikroekonomikamikroekonomikamikroekonomika
(Microeconomics)
ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic
swavlobs momxmareblebisa da firmebis qmedebas;
aanalizebs sawarmoo faqtorebis, saqonlisa da
momsaxurebis sabazro fasebsa da moculobas.
agreTve, ganixilavs SezRuduli ekonomikuri
resursebis ganawilebis efeqturobas.
mimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSimimdinare angariSi
(Current account)
1. drois garkveul monakveTSi (rogorc wesi,
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis danarCen
msofliosTan sasaqonlo (xiluli) da
samomsaxureo (uxilavi) vaWrobis amsaxveli
ekonomikuri glosariumi
144 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
angariSi. (ix. sagadamxdelo balansi; savaWro
balansi)
2. bankSi fizikuri piris Tu kompaniis
moTxovnamde angariSi.
mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis )mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis )mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis )mimdinare aqtivebi (bankis )
(Current assets)
likviduri aqtivebi da bankis mier dafarvis erT
Tvemde vadiT gacemuli sesxebi. agreTve bankis
sxva moTxovnebi dafarvis erT Tvemde vadiT.
moTxovnebimoTxovnebimoTxovnebimoTxovnebi
(Claims) finansuri aqtivebi, saxeldobr gacemuli
kreditebi, saxazino da komerciuli Tamasuqebi.
monetaruli politikamonetaruli politikamonetaruli politikamonetaruli politika
(Monetary policy)
ix. fuladi politika.
mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _ mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _ mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _ mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi _
mfi (Producer price index - PPI)
indeqsi romelic asaxavs adgilobrivi mwarmoe-
blebis mier sakuTar produqciaze dadebuli
fasebis donis saSualo cvlilebas. (ix.
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi)
mep ---- mTlianimTlianimTlianimTliani erovnulierovnulierovnulierovnuli produqtiproduqtiproduqtiproduqti
(GNP)
drois garkveul monakveTSi (rogorc wesi, erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis mSp-sa da
sazRvargareTidan miRebuli wminda Semosavlis
jami.
mSp ---- mT mT mT mTliani Sida produqtiliani Sida produqtiliani Sida produqtiliani Sida produqti
(GDP)
drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi) adgilobrivad warmoebuli
saqonlisa da gaweuli momsaxurebis jamuri
fuladi Rirebuleba. (ix. erovnuli angariSebi)
nominalurinominalurinominalurinominaluri
(Nominal) gazomili mimdinare fasebSi, inflaciis gauTva-
liswineblad. (ix. realuri)
obligaciaobligaciaobligaciaobligacia
(Bond) rogorc wesi, mTavrobis an komerciuli organiza-
ciis mier, sesxis aRebis mizniT gamoSvebuli,
myari saprocento ganakveTis mqone, grZelvadiani
fasiani qaRaldi. (ix. aqcia, saxazino Tamasuqi).
pirvelpirvelpirvelpirveladi kapitali (bankis )adi kapitali (bankis )adi kapitali (bankis )adi kapitali (bankis )
(Primary capital)
aqciebis realizaciidan miRebuli kapitali, kapi-
taluri rezervebi (ganawilebuli mogebis
nawili, romelic gankuTvnilia gauTvaliswinebe-
li zaralis dasafaravad), gaunawilebeli mogeba.
(ix. meoradi kapitali)
realurirealurirealurirealuri
(Real)
gazomili namdvil (sabaziso wlis fasebTan
Sesadar) fasebSi, inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT.
ekonomikuri glosariumi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 145
sagadasaxdelo balansisagadasaxdelo balansisagadasaxdelo balansisagadasaxdelo balansi
(Balance of payments)
drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi) qveynis danarCen msofliosTan
savaWro da safinanso urTierTobis amsaxveli
angariSi. igi Sedgeba ori ZiriTadi nawilisagan:
mimdinare angariSi da kapitaluri angariSi.
sagadasaxado bazasagadasaxado bazasagadasaxado bazasagadasaxado baza
(Tax base) mTliani fuladi fondi romelic eqvemdebareba
gadasaxadebis gadaxdas. magaliTad, saSemosavlo
gadasaxadis baza aris am gadasaxads daqvemdeba-
rebuli mTliani Semosavlebi, xolo mogebis gada-
saxadis baza aris yvela im mogebis jami, romelic
am gadasaxads eqvemdebareba.
sagadasaxado fardobasagadasaxado fardobasagadasaxado fardobasagadasaxado fardoba
(Tax wedge) Tanafardoba damqiraveblis mier gaweuli mTliani
xarjebisa daqiravebulis mier miRebul wminda
xelfasis odenobasTan.
savaWro balansisavaWro balansisavaWro balansisavaWro balansi
(Balance of trade)
drois garkveul monakveTSi, (rogorc wesi, erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi) danarCen msofliosTan qveynis
sasaqonlo (xiluli) vaWrobis amsaxveli angariSi.
(ix. sagadamxdelo balansi; mimdinare angariSi).
savaldebulo rezervebisavaldebulo rezervebisavaldebulo rezervebisavaldebulo rezervebi
(Reserve requirements)
komerciuli bankebis saerTo aqtivebSi, rezervebis
savaldebulo proporcia, romelsac centraluri
banki awesebs. es Tanxebi uzrunvelyofen
momxmareblebis yoveldRiuri moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebas da zRudaven kreditebis gacemas.
saqarTveloSi komerciuli bankebis es rezervebi
inaxeba seb-Si.
sakorespondento angariSebisakorespondento angariSebisakorespondento angariSebisakorespondento angariSebi
(Correspondent accounts)
bankebis angariSebi sxva bankebSi, romlebic
gamoiyeneba klientTa saxeliT bankTaSoris
angariSsworebaSi. maTi moculoba damokidebulia
saangariSsworebo sistemis moqnilobaze da
bankebis survilze gascen sesxi.
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _ samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _ samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _ samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi _
sfi (Consumer price index - CPI)
inflaciis sazomi indeqsi, romelic warmoadgens
samomxmareblo saqonlis da momsaxurebis fiqsi-
rebuli kalaTis nominaluri Rirebulebis
fardobas amave kalaTis sabaziso wlis fasebSi
gamosaxul RirebulebasTan.
samuSao ZalasamuSao ZalasamuSao ZalasamuSao Zala
(Labour)
rogorc fizikuri (magaliTaT, manqanis awyoba),
ise inteleqtualuri (magaliTad, maragis
aRricxvis sistemis Seqmna) Sromis SenaZeni
sawarmoo procesSi.
ekonomikuri glosariumi
146 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
saprocento ganakveTisaprocento ganakveTisaprocento ganakveTisaprocento ganakveTi
(Interest rate)
msesxeblis mier kreditorisTvis ZiriTadi valis
garda gadasaxdeli Tanxa, gamoxatuli ZiriTadi
valis procentebSi; fuladi resursebis gadacemis
sabazro fasi.
sarezervo fulisarezervo fulisarezervo fulisarezervo fuli
(Reserve money)
aseve moixsenieba rogorc fulis baza an “Zlieri
fuli”, Seicavs M0-sa da komerciul bankebSi
arsebul sxvadasxva rezervebs. sarezervo fulis
moculobas uSualod centraluri banki
akontrolebs.
saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba )saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba )saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba )saxazino Tamasuqi (valdebuleba )
(Treasury bill)
finansTa saministros an centraluri bankis mier
gamoSvebuli, gansazRvruli saprocento
ganakveTis mqone, moklevadiani (erT welze
naklebi) fasiani qaRaldi, romelic warmoadgens
mTavrobis mier Tamasuqis mflobelisagan sesxis
aRebis damamtkicebel sabuTs. saxazino Tamasuqi
erT-erTi instrumentia, romlis meSveobiTac
centraluri banki akontrolebs mimoqcevaSi
arsebuli fulis moculobas. (ix. obligacia)
socialuri uzrunvelyofis socialuri uzrunvelyofis socialuri uzrunvelyofis socialuri uzrunvelyofis
sistemasistemasistemasistema
(Social Safety Net)
socialurad naklebad uzrunvelyofili
fenebisTvis _ mcireSemosavliani ojaxebisTvis,
umuSevrebisTvis, pensionerebisTvis, invalidebis-
Tvis, martoxela mSoblebisTvis da a.S. daxmarebis
aRmoCenis sistema.
savaluto rezervebisavaluto rezervebisavaluto rezervebisavaluto rezervebi
(Foreign currency (exchange) reserves)
ucxouri valutisa da oqros maragi, romelic
gamoiyeneba sagadamxdelo balansis deficitis
Sesavsebad.
sterilizaciasterilizaciasterilizaciasterilizacia
(Sterilisation) ama Tu im eknomikuri RonisZiebis Tanmdevi
arasasurveli efeqtis gabaTileba sxva
ekonomikuri RonisZiebiT. magaliTad, samTavrobo
dakreditebis gazrdis Sedegad fuladi maragis
zrdis Tavidan asacileblad, erovnuli banki
ucxouri valutis gayidviT amcirebs mimoqcevaSi
arsebuli adgilobrivi valutis moculobas.
uimedo sesxiuimedo sesxiuimedo sesxiuimedo sesxi
(Bad loan)
gasesxebuli Tanxa, romlis ukan dabruneba aRar
aris mosalodneli (magaliTad, mevale gakotrda).
aseTi sesxebi miekuTvneba xarjebs da Camoiwereba.
fardobiTi upiratesobafardobiTi upiratesobafardobiTi upiratesobafardobiTi upiratesoba
(Comparative advantage)
qveynis unari ufro naklebi danaxarjebiT
awarmoos garkveuli saqoneli vidre meore
qveyanam. (ix. absoluturi upiratesoba)
ekonomikuri glosariumi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 147
fasiani qaRaldebifasiani qaRaldebifasiani qaRaldebifasiani qaRaldebi
(Securities) kapitalis mozidvis finansuri instrumenti.
ZiriTadi fasiani qaRaldebia: aqcia, obligacia,
Tamasuqi, saxazino valdebuleba.
faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis faqtoruli resursebi, warmoebis
faqtorebifaqtorebifaqtorebifaqtorebi
(Factors of production)
resursebi romlebic gamoiyeneba firmebis mier
saqonlis an momsaxurebis warmoebisas. gamoyofen
sawarmoo faqtorebis sam ZiriTad jgufs: miwa,
samuSao Zala da kapitali.
faqtoruli Rirebuleba faqtoruli Rirebuleba faqtoruli Rirebuleba faqtoruli Rirebuleba
(Factor cost)
saqonlis an momsaxurebis Rirebuleba daxar-
juli faqtoruli resursebis gamosaxulebaSi.
faqtoruli Semosavali faqtoruli Semosavali faqtoruli Semosavali faqtoruli Semosavali an
erovnuli Semosavalierovnuli Semosavalierovnuli Semosavalierovnuli Semosavali
(Factor income or national income)
drois mocemul periodSi SinameurneobaTa saerTo
fuladi Semosavali miRebuli biznesisTvis
faqtoruli resursebis mowodebis sanacvlod.
fiskaluri politikafiskaluri politikafiskaluri politikafiskaluri politika
(Fiscal policy)
sagadasaxado-sabiujeto politika. sagadasaxado
sistemisa da saxelmwifo xarjebis struqturis
saTanado marTviT qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze
zemoqmedebis meqanizmi.
fuladi bazafuladi bazafuladi bazafuladi baza
(Monetary base)
ix. sarezervo fuli
fuladi politikafuladi politikafuladi politikafuladi politika
(Monetary policy)
qveynis ekonomikur aqtiurobaze zemoqmedeba fu-
lis moculobis, dakreditebisa da saprocento
ganakveTebis struqturis saTanado marTviT.
fulis mimoqcevis siCqarefulis mimoqcevis siCqarefulis mimoqcevis siCqarefulis mimoqcevis siCqare
(Velocity of money circulation)
indeqsi, romelic gviCvenebs Tu, garkveuli
periodis ganmavlobaSi, saSualod ramdenjer
gamoiyeneba angariSsworebisTvis TiToeuli
fuladi erTeuli. gamoiTvleba formuliT:
V P YM= , sadac, V aris fulis mimoqcevis
siCqare; M _ fulis moculoba (M2 an M3); Y _ realuri mSp; P _ mSp-s deflatori.
fulis multiplikatorifulis multiplikatorifulis multiplikatorifulis multiplikatori
(Money multiplier)
sabanko sistemas, sadepozito angariSebze miRe-
buli Tanxebis gasesxebiT, axali depozitebis
Seqmnis (anu fulis gamravlebis) unari gaaCnia.
fulis multiplikatori aris am gamravlebis
koeficienti. sem-Si fulis multiplikatori
gamoiTvleba M2-is an M3-is sarezervo fulTan
SefardebiT. arsebobs misi gamoTvlis sxva gzebic.
(ix. sarezervo fuli; rezervebi; savaldebulo
rezervebi)
SinameurneobaSinameurneobaSinameurneobaSinameurneoba erT saerTo sacxovrebel farTobze da erTi
ekonomikuri glosariumi
148 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
(Household) saojaxo biujetiT mcxovreb adamianTa
erToblioba.
SeRavaTiani periodiSeRavaTiani periodiSeRavaTiani periodiSeRavaTiani periodi
(Grace period)
kreditis dabrunebis periodi, romlis
ganmavlobaSi mxolod saprocento ganakveTis
gadaxda xdeba.
Crdilovani ekonomikaCrdilovani ekonomikaCrdilovani ekonomikaCrdilovani ekonomika
(Black, grey, underground, shadow economy)
faruli ekonomikuri garigebebis erToblioba,
romlis arsebobis safuZveli _ gadasaxadebisagan
Tavis aridebis an aralegaluri qmedebis damalvis
survilia.
centraluri bankicentraluri bankicentraluri bankicentraluri banki
(Central bank)
qveynis mTavari banki, romelic moqmedebs rogorc
mTavrobisa da sxva bankebis banki da pasuxismgebe-
lia qveyanaSi fuladi politikis ganxorciele-
baze. saqarTveloSi _ saqarTvelos erovnuli
banki (seb).
wminda adgilobriviwminda adgilobriviwminda adgilobriviwminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi _ aqtivebi _ aqtivebi _ aqtivebi _
waa (Net domestic assets - NDA)
rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito
dawesebulebis adgilobrivi sakuTrebisa da
ekonomikis adgilobrivi subieqtebis mimarT
moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis sxvaobisa. sem-
Si, rogorc wesi saubaria saqarTvelos erovnuli
bankis waa-ze (ix. aqtivebi, wminda ucxouri
aqtivebi)
wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wminda ucxouri aqtivebi _ wua
(Net foreign assets - NFA)
rogorc wesi, jami ama Tu im sakredito
dawesebulebis ucxoeTSi mdebare sakuTrebisa da
sazRvargareT ganlagebuli ekonomikuri
subieqtebis mimarT moTxovnebis da
valdebulebebis sxvaobisa.
jinis koeficientijinis koeficientijinis koeficientijinis koeficienti
(Gini coefficient)
ix. lorencis mrudi.
hiperinflaciahiperinflaciahiperinflaciahiperinflacia
(Hyperinflation) Zalian maRali inflacia. xSirad ganisazrvreba
rogorc inflacia romlis Tviuri done, drois
xangrZlivi monakveTis (eqvsi Tve da meti)
ganmavlobaSi, 50 procents aRemateba.
PAYG (Pay-as-you-go) sistema am sistemis sapensio programebi mTels msopliosi
xorcieldeba. PAYG sistemis safuZvelze
mTavroba momuSaveTagan agrovebs gadasaxadebs
pensionerTaTvis pensiebis gasacemad. sistema
mdgrad mistemad iTvleba, Tuki muSakTa Sesabamisi
raodenoba sapensio valdebulebis dasafarad
gadaixdis gadasaxads, romlis ganakveTi
damamZimebeli ar iqneba. es sistema momuSaveTa da
ekonomikuri glosariumi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2 149
pensionerTa individualur sapensio angariSebs ar
iTvaliswinebs; muSakis mier Sesatani
gadasaxadebis ganakveTi ar aris dafuZnebuli im
ganakveTze, romelsac konkretuli muSaki miiRebs
pensiaze gasvlis semdeg, xolo xandazmulTa
pensiebi ar aris dafuZnebuli konkretuli
pensioneris mier Setanili gadasaxadebis
odenobaze. PAYG-is sistema gansazRvruli
odenobis sapensio daxmarebis sistemaa.
gansazRvruli ganakveTis sapensio daxmarebis
sistemebisTvis damaxasiaTebalia
pensionerebisTvis dabali risk-faqtori da amave
dros dabali mogebac.
statistikuri danarTi
150 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi – 2002 weli, #2
sarCevi * cxrili A 3.1: saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 w. I nax. cxrili A 3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebis funqcionaluri da ekonomikuri
klasifikaciiT, 2002 w. I nax. cxrili A 4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi cxrili A 4.2: komerciuli bankebis konsolidirebuli angariSebi cxrili A 4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva cxrili A 5.1.1: registrirebuli savaWro balansi, 2002 w. I nax. cxrili A 5.1.2: registrirebuli savaWro balansi, 2002 w. I nax. cxrili A 5.2.1: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2002w. I nax. cxrili A 5.2.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2002w. I nax. cxrili A 6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mixedviT, 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT cxrili A 6.2: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT, 2002 wlis 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT cxrili A 7.1: ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. I kv. – 2001 w. IV kv. * cxrilis nomris pirveli cifri miuTiTebs imaze, Tu romel Tavs ekuTvnis esa Tu is cxrili.
cxrili A3.1: saxlmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi, 2002 wlis pirvli naxevari(milioni lari)
wliuri gegma
wlis pirveli naxevris gegma
wlis pirvli naxevris faqtiuri
Semosavlbi
gansxvavba gegmis Sesruleba
%
faqtiuri Semosavlebi wliur
gegmasTan %
faqtiuri Semosavlebi
wina welTan %
sul Semosavlebi da grantebi 928.6 448.543 381.95 -66.593 85.2 41.1 109
sagadasaxado Semosavlebi 771.3 357.246 331.366 -25.88 92.8 43.0 106
centraluri biujetis sagadasaxado Semosavlebi 573.7 264.104 244.729 -19.375 92.7 42.7
saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 19.9 9.281 8.247 -1.034 88.9 41.4 98
mogebis gadasaxadi 9.6 4.531 3.924 -0.607 86.6 40.9 124
dRg 374.8 172.255 166.606 -5.649 96.7 44.5 108
adgilobriv produqciaze 203.5 94.412 92.815 -1.597 98.3 45.6 99
importze 171.3 77.843 73.791 -4.052 94.8 43.1 121
aqcizi 104.7 48.043 40.338 -7.705 84.0 38.5 103
adgilobriv produqciaze 27.1 12.637 10.059 -2.578 79.6 37.1 94
importze 77.6 35.406 30.279 -5.127 85.5 39.0 106
sabaJo gadasaxadi 59.2 27.426 21.163 -6.263 77.2 35.7 102
sxva gadasxadebi 5.5 2.568 4.451 1.883 173.3 80.9
1 % socialuri gadasaxadi 5.5 2.568 2.923 0.355 113.8 53.1
fiqcirebuli gadasaxadi 1.582
arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi 79.1 53.676 48.706 -4.97 90.7 61.6 158
specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis Semosavlebi 198.3 93.462 86.911 -6.551 93.0 43.8 101
socialuri uzrunvelyofis fondi 156 73.613 70.693 -2.92 96.0 45.3 103
sagzao fondi 42.3 19.849 16.218 -3.631 81.7 38.3 97
grantebi 77.5 37.301 1.604 -35.697 4.3 2.1 23
wyaro; finansTa saministro
cxrili A3.2: saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebi ekonomikuri da funqcionaluri klasifikaciiT, 2002 wlis pirvli naxevari(milioni lari)
sul xelfasi mivlinebebi socialuri anaricxebi
sxva saqoneli da momsaxureba
procentebis gadaxda
subsidiebi da mimdi nare
transfertebi
kapitaluri xarjebi
miznobrivi programebi
wminda dakrediteba
saxelmwifos marTva 91.9 9.2 2.1 3.2 14.3 0.7 0.0 2.3 60.1
Tavdacva 17.0 4.4 0.3 0.2 8.2 3.8 0.0
kanoniereba da wesrigi 37.9 14.9 0.4 1.4 9.1 12.1 0.1
ganaTleba 15.2 6.7 0.0 2.9 3.4 0.9 1.2
jandacva 16.7 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.6 9.1 6.2
socialuri uzrunvelyofa 116.3 0.0 0.0 67.3 47.5 0.1 1.4
sabino meurneoba 1.9 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.8
kultura, sporti da religia 10.1 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.3 7.1 0.1 1.8
energetika 12.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 12.4
soflis meurneoba 3.0 1.7 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.2
mSenebloba da wiaRiseulis mopoveba 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0transporti da komunikaciebi 19.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 18.5 0.0sxva ekonomikuri saqmianoba 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2
sxva xarjebi 113.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 64.0 32.2 0.0 16.1sul 456.5 39.1 2.9 9.3 106.2 64.0 126.7 18.7 13.3 76.2
wyaro: finansTa saministro
cxrili A4.1: saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis angariSebi(aTasi lari)
2001 w.wliuri (1) ian-02 Teb-02 mar-02 apr-02 mai-02 ivn-02
wminda saerTaSoriso rezervebi -335,729 -363,822 -365,946 -368,539 -386,075 -388,686 -407,404oqro 1,058 1,058 1,058 1,240 1,240 1,240 1,295
ucxouri valuta 331,803 334,294 334,674 328,613 320,195 321,691 320,243
ssf-s rezervebis gamoyeneba -587,559 -618,555 -620,661 -613,335 -622,454 -626,561 -632,222
sxva ucxouri valdebulebebi -81,031 -80,618 -81,016 -85,056 -85,056 -85,056 -96,721
wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi 765,585 795,219 801,285 801,330 820,709 825,742 844,962 wminda moTxovnebi samTavrobo seqtorisadmi 739,129 750,264 757,859 730,654 742,995 747,865 746,563
wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi 749,415 758,754 765,676 742,910 751,255 754,929 757,004
m/S centraluri mTavrobis dakrediteba 767,625 776,925 786,625 767,625 770,625 773,625 782,322
wminda moTxovnebi sesf-sadmi (2) -925 -983 -791 -732 -834 -527 -293
sxva arasabiujeto fondebi (wminda) -9,361 -7,507 -7,026 -11,524 -7,426 -6,537 -10,149
moTxovnebi ekonomikis sxva seqtorebisadmi 78,335 81,760 82,122 82,092 82,061 82,012 93,032
wminda moTxovnebi bankebisadmi 677 507 501 519 -441 419 12
sxva wminda aqtivebi -52,555 -37,313 -39,198 -11,936 -3,906 -4,555 5,355
sarezevo fuli (M1) 429,857 431,397 435,339 432,791 434,634 437,055 437,557 erovnuli fuli mimoqcevaSi 365,669 361,839 369,189 361,629 366,022 365,492 363,913
k/b-s depozitebi 64,188 69,557 66,150 71,162 68,612 71,563 73,645
savaldebulo rezervebi 53,300 55,815 57,844 57,613 59,571 58,803 61,046
naSTi k/b-s sakorespondento angariSebze 10,888 13,742 8,306 13,549 9,041 12,761 12,599
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki(1) gamoiangariSeba seb -is mier 1998 wlidan(2) socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi
2002 w.
cxrili A4.2: komerciuli bankebis konsolidirebuli angariSebi(aTasi lari)
2001wliuri (1) ian-02 Teb-02 mar-02 apr-02 mai-02 ivn-02
wminda ucxouri aqtivebi 3,708 -9,102 -32,892 -16,365 -7,531 -14,973 -11,275 oqro 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
ucxouri valuta 151,118 177,262 169,400 157,085 158,219 140,469 189,902
ucxouri valdebulebebi -147,414 -186,368 -202,296 -173,454 -165,753 -155,446 -201,181
wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi 379,887 399,787 426,777 427,432 417,693 417,107 432,874 adgilobrivi krediti 479,469 494,024 523,137 525,725 541,136 540,121 533,129
wminda moTxovnebi samTavrobo seqtorisadmi -14,513 -21,106 -15,677 -10,181 -3,620 -11,739 -23,259
wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi -2,415 -5,282 -3,125 1,371 7,997 1,609 -5,075
moTxovnebi ekonomikis sxva seqtorebisadmi 493,982 515,130 538,814 535,905 544,755 551,860 556,387
sxva wminda aqtivebi -99,582 -94,237 -96,360 -98,293 -123,442 -123,014 -100,254
sadepozito valdebulebebi 383,595 390,685 393,884 411,066 410,162 402,134 421,599 depozitebi erovnul valutaSi 54,989 56,358 55,063 59,794 61,930 65,412 59,596
depozitebi ucxour valutaSi 328,606 334,327 338,821 351,272 348,232 336,722 362,003
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki(1) gamoiangariSeba seb -is mier 1998 wlidan
2002
cxrili A4.3: monetaruli mimoxilva(aTasi lari)
2001wliuri (1) ian-02 Teb-02 mar-02 apr-02 mai-02 ivn-02
wminda ucxouri aqtivebi -332,021 -372,924 -398,838 -384,904 -393,606 -403,660 -418,679 oqro 1,061 1,061 1,061 1,243 1,243 1,243 1,299
ucxouri valuta 482,921 511,556 504,074 485,698 478,414 462,161 510,145
ucxouri valdebulebebi -816,003 -885,542 -903,973 -871,845 -873,263 -867,064 -930,123
wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi 1,064,466 1,108,247 1,144,757 1,142,256 1,151,284 1,152,529 1,185,429 adgilobrivi krediti 1,296,932 1,326,049 1,363,118 1,338,471 1,366,192 1,369,999 1,372,723
wminda moTxovnebi samTavrobo seqtorisadmi 724,616 729,159 742,182 720,474 739,375 736,126 723,304
wminda moTxovnebi centraluri mTavrobisadmi 747,000 753,473 762,551 744,281 759,253 756,538 751,929
saxazino valdebulebebi 15,925 14,555 14,785 16,411 21,384 20,259 22,670
wminda moTxovnebi adgilobrivi mTavrobisadmi -4,333 -3,221 -3,282 -3,676 -2,596 -4,429 -7,205
wminda moTxovnebi sesf-sadmi -925 -983 -791 -732 -834 -527 -293
sxva arasabiujeto fondebi (wminda) -17,126 -20,110 -16,296 -19,399 -16,447 -15,455 -21,127
moTxovnebi ekonomikis sxva seqtorebisadmi 572,316 596,890 620,936 617,997 626,816 633,872 649,419
sxva wminda aqtivebi -232,466 -217,801 -218,362 -196,215 -214,908 -217,470 -187,294
farTo fuli (M3) 732,445 735,323 745,918 757,352 757,678 748,869 766,749 farTo fuli ucxouri depozitebis gamoklebiT (M2) 403,839 400,996 407,097 406,081 409,446 412,148 404,746
erovnuli valuta bankebis gareT (M0) 348,850 344,638 352,034 346,286 347,516 346,736 345,150
erovnuli valuta mimoqcevaSi 365,669 361,839 369,189 361,629 366,022 365,492 363,913
naRdi fuli k/b-Si -16,819 -17,201 -17,155 -15,343 -18,506 -18,756 -18,763
depozitebi erovnul valutaSi 54,989 56,358 55,063 59,794 61,930 65,412 59,596 depozitebi ucxour valutaSi 328,606 334,327 338,821 351,272 348,232 336,722 362,003
wyaro: saqarTvelos erovnuli banki(1) gamoiangariSeba seb -is mier 1998 wlidan
2002
cxrili A5.1.1: registrirebuli savaWro balansi, 2002 w. I nax. (aTasi aSS dolari)
qveynebiimporti eqsporti importi eqsporti
suldsT
somxeTi 5,158 10,036 7,310 6,237
azerbaijani 32,402 15,335 38,658 5,298
belorusi 429 436 1,109 546
yazaxeTi 2,727 941 2,631 2,812
yirgizeTi 64 58 135 -
moldova 75 48 87 64
ruseTi 66,349 24,081 49,887 40,696
tajikeTi - 282 122 50
TurqmeneTi 7,938 11,446 7,398 14,419
ukraina 22,981 4,415 28,021 5,085
uzbekeTi 222 1,335 1,091 333
evrokavSiri 90,348 29,319 97,040 29,663
avstria 6,035 92 6,081 495
belgia 3,232 1,002 3,875 6,575
fineTi 3,706 300 2,459 335
dania 1,115 - 8,365 -
safrangeTi 6,111 1,171 10,334 196
germania 27,730 2,474 34,806 4,004
saberZneTi 4,387 2,199 1,772 1,582
irlandia 244 72 646 -
italia 17,517 3,598 8,917 5,455
luqsemburgi 83 - 112 -
niderlandebi 5,581 2,134 4,555 2,504
portugalia 333 21 568 76
espaneTi 981 371 847 879
SvedeTi 2,805 12 993 710
gaerTianebuli samefo 10,488 15,873 12,710 6,852
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
2002 w. I nax. 2001 w. I nax.
cxrili A5.1.2: registrirebuli savaWro balansi, 2002 w. I nax.(aTasi aSS dolari)
qveynebiimporti eqsporti importi eqsporti
sxva qveynebi
avstralia 246 51 251 16
alJiri - - - 241
angola 0 0 - -
arabeTis gaerTianebuli saemiroebi 2,783 1,766 3,780 121
argentina - - 10 0
avRaneTi 0 0 2 0
aSS 16,224 2,669 18,442 3,066
bangladeSi 0 9 - -
bahamis k-bi 3,062 0 266 227
belizi 0 20 - -
butani 1 11 10 0
bosnia 0 25 0 3
brazilia 6,719 0 1,352 3
bulgareTi 7,171 107 5,572 143
gambia 2 2,446 - -
gana 0 73 - -
giblartari 246 2,713 248 464
gvinea 0 15 0 46
kolumbia 30 3 18 -
kviprosi 589 33 1,128 63
CexeTi 1,764 239 1,244 201
ekvadori 425 0 373 0
egvipte 35 4 23 3
estoneTi 98 19 27 0
ungreTi 2,272 10 2,853 253
indoeTi 2,020 254 854 3,086
indonezia 100 0 2,234 15
irani 3,844 1,732 2,239 1,914
islandia 0 0 27 0
israeli 590 198 260 341
iamaika - - 3 0
iaponia 3,430 651 1,306 961
iordania 0 41 0 116
kanada 128 12 206 13
koreis sax. respublika 258 0 8 0
koreis resp. 197 617 387 25
kuba 0 - - -
libani 186 0 1,270 11
latvia 421 151 600 220
libia 2 0 - -
lixtenSteini 16 0 116 67
litva 555 1,178 3,893 1,659
maroko - - 18 0
malavi 94 0 138 0
malazia 0 0 53 2
malta 0 28 - -
makedonia 28 5 34 25
mavritania 144 0 28 0
monako 1 0 - -
mongoleTi 0 162 0 80
meqsika - - 2 0
mozambiki - - 0 5
norvegia 143 3 95 0
axali zelandia 170 0 455 0
niuei 1,154 0 1,146 15
pakistani 0 5 - -
panama 0 182 - -
peru 46 6 - -
poloneTi 1,520 141 1,886 479
filipinebi 49 0 0 20
rumineTi 2,221 0 4,684 385
saudis arabeTi 25 0 2 22
san-marino 0 1 3 0
singapuri 343 29 103 21
slovakeTi 320 0 338 1
slovenia 1,305 9 4,763 3
samxreT afrika 44 3 12 58
Sri-lanka 49 15 51 0
Sveicaria 6,190 7,710 6,220 9,117
CineTi 2,355 510 1,711 482
siria 171 431 228 252
taivani (CineTi) 261 1 174 0
tanzania - - 4 0
tailandi 308 2 4 0
tonga - - 11 0
tunisi - 8 - -
TurqeTi 44,997 25,355 53,147 34,715
vietnami 22 3 22 0
virjiniis k-bi 1,809 0 206 20
iugoslavia 214 5 237 5
zambia - 15 - -
xorvatia 2,359 0 128 0
zimbabve 250 0 583 0
hondurasi - - 147 0
hong-kongi (CineTi) 93 0 255 1
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
2002 w. I nax. 2001 w. I nax.
cxrili A5.2.1: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. (aTasi aSS dolari)
HTS importi eqsporti01 - cocxali pirutyvi 229 2
02 - xorci da xorcis subproduqtebi 6,479 733
03 - Tevzi, kiborCxalismagvari, moluskebi da sxv. 889 63
04 - rZe da rZis produqtebi, frinvelis kvercxi, naturaluri Tafli,cxoveluri warmoSobis sxva sasursaTo produqtebi 2,116 153
05 -cxoveluri warmoSobis sxva produqtebi 12 0
06 -cocxali mcenare, mcenareebis bolqvebi da Zirebi, soko, dakrefili yvavilebi da sxv. 118 8
07 -bostneuli 1,205 415
08 -nayofi da kakali, citrusebis an baRCeuli kulturebis kani da qerqi 1,499 2,899
09 -yava, Cai, saneblebi 841 2,503
10 -pur-marcvleuli 8,720 3,018
11 -fqvil-burRuleulis mrewvelobis produqcia; qeri; saxamebeli; inulini; puris webovana 4,643 -
12 -zeTovani nayofi da Tesli; sxva Tesli, nayofi da marcvali; samkurnalo da teqnikuri daniSnulebis mcenareebi; Cala da furaJi 164 434
13 -fisebi da balzamebi, mcenareuli wvenebi da eqstraqtebi 126 11
14 -dawnuli nakeTobebis dasamzadebeli mcenareuli warmoSobis masala; mcenareuli warmoSobis sxva produqtebi, romlebic ar aris miTiTebuli sxva adgilas 21 5
15 -cxoveluri da mcenareuli warmoSobis cximebi da zeTebi; maTi daSlis produqtebi; damzadebuli sakvebi cximebi; cxoveluri an mcenareuli warmoSobis cvili 3,731 32
16 -xorcis, Tevzisa da kiborCxalasmagvarTa, moluskebisa da zRvis sxva uxerxemloTa nawarmi 1,385 13
17 -Saqari da Saqris sakonditro nawarmi 13,589 314
18 -kakao da misi nawarmi 2,238 153
19 -puris marcvlis, fqvilis, kraxmalis da rZis nawarmi; fqvilis sakonditro nawarmi 2,017 62
20 -bostneulis, nayofis, kaklis da mcenareTa sxva nawilebis gadamuSavebis produqtebi 979 599
21 -sxva saxis sakvebi produqtebi 3,009 220
22 -alkoholiani da ualkoholo sasmelebi da Zmari 1,183 22,701
23 -gemo-kvebis mrewvelobis narCenebi; mza sakvebi cxovelebisaTvis 455 -
24 -Tambaqo da Tambaqos samrewvelo Semcvlelebi 12,384 564
25 -marili; gogirdi; miwa da qva; sabaTqaSe masala; kiri da cementi 2,494 277
26 -madani, wida da nacari 27 8,556
27 -mineraluri sawvavi, navTobi da maTi amoqaCvis produqtebi; bitumizebuli nivTierebebi; mineraluri cvili 81,220 6,488
28 -araorganuli qimiis produqtebi; Zvirfasi da iSviaTi liTonebis, radioaqtiuri elementebis an izotopebis organuli da araorganuli SenaerTebi 2,059 2,848
29 -organuli qimiuri SenaerTebi 739 13
30 -farmacevtuli produqtebi 24,399 1,517
31 -sasuqebi 146 7,385
32 -saTrimlavi da saRebavi eqstraqtebi; tanini da misi warmoebulebi; saRebavebi, pigmentebi da sxva saRebavebi nivTierebebi; melani (topografiuli saRebavebi) 1,221 142
33 -eTerzeTebi da rezinoidebi; parfiumeriis, kosmetikisa da tualetis saSualebani 3,646 515
34 -saponi, zedapirulad-aqtiuri organuli nivTierebebi, sarecxi saSualebebi, sapoxi masalebi, xelovnuri da mza sanTlebi, sawmendi da saprialebeli saSualeblebi, sanTeli da misi msgavsi nawarmi, saZerwi pastebi, plastelini, kbilis samkurnalo sanTlebi 2,291 44
35 -cilovani nivTierebebi; modificirebuli saxamebeli; webo; fermentebi 320 6
36 -asafeTqebeli nivTierebebi; piroteqnikuri nakeTobebi; asanTi; piroforuli Senadnobebi; sawvav nivTierebaTa zogierTi saxeobebi 656 -
37 -foto da kino saqoneli 230 -
38 -Sereuli qimiuri produqtebi 2,294 346
39 -plasmasi da misgan damzadebuli nakeTobani 5,782 663
40 -kauCukisa da rezinis nawarmi 1,611 2
41 -tyavis nedleuli (garda bewvisa) da tyavi 73 588
42 -tyavis nawarmi; sasarajo-saunagire nawarmi da akazmuloba; samgzavro nivTebi, qalis CanTebi da maTi msgavsi saqoneli; cxovelebis tyavisagan damzadebuli nawarmi (garda naturaluri abreSumis ketgutisa) 125 1
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
cxrili A5.2.2: saqarTvelos registrirebuli eqsportis da importis struqtura, harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistemis (HTS 96) mixedviT, 2002 w. I nax. (aTasi aSS dolari)
HTS importi eqsporti44 -merqani da misgan damzadebuli nawarmi; xis naxSiri 1,223 1,849
45 -korpi da misi nawarmi 531 18
46 -Calis nawarmi, mcenareuli da sxva warmoSobis dasawnavi masala; kalaTis da sxva wnuli nakeToba 0 -
47 -saqaRalde masa merqanis an sxva mcenareuli boWkovani masalisagan; qaRaldisa da muyaos narCenebi da makulatura 3 9
48 -qaRaldi da muyao; qaRaldisa da muyaos nawarmi 8,668 114
49 -nabeWdi wignebi, gazeTebi, reproduqciebi da poligrafiuli mrewvelobis sxva nawarmi; xelnawerebi, nabeWdi teqstebi da gegmebi 2,464 189
50 -abreSumi 19 -
51 -matyli, cxovelebis wminda da uxeSi bewvi; cxenis Zuis narTi da qsovili 239 -
52 -bamba 116 -
53 -sxva mcenareuli safeiqro boWkoebi; qaRaldis narTi da misi qsovilebi 8 -
54 -qimiuri Zafebi 640 0
55 -qimiuri Stapelis boWkoebi 614 15
56 -bamba, nabadi da uqsovadi masalebi; specialuri narTi; bawari da Tokis nawarmi; bagiri da misi nawarmi 157 7
57 -xaliCebi da sxva safeiqro iatakis safenebi 279 3
58 -specialuri qsovilebi; qsovilebi xaoiani arSiiT; maqmani, gobelini, mosarTavi masalebi; naqargebi 34 2
59 -safeiqro qsovilebi, gaJRenTili, gaormagebuli, safarveliT; teqnikuri nawarmi misgan 102 0
60 -manqaniTa da xeliT naqsovi trikotaJis tilo 46 -
61 -trikotaJis tansacmeli 402 25
62 -naqsovi tansacmeli (garda trikotaJisa) 461 340
63 -sxva mza safeiqro nawarmi 2,185 455
64 -fexsacmeli, windebi da analogiuri nawarmi; maTi nawilebi 1,470 25
65 -Tavsaburebi da maTi nawilebi 8 0
66 -qolgebi, xeljoxebi, Soltebi, maTraxebi da maTi nawilebi 39 -
67 -damuSavebuli bumbuli da misgan damzadebuli nawarmi; xelovnuri yvavilebi; adamianis Tmisagan damzadebuli nakeTobani 3 -
68 -nakeTobani qvis, TabaSiris, cementis, qarsisa da sxva msgavsi masalisagan 937 8
69 -keramikis nawarmi 2,140 12
70 -SuSa da misi nawarmi 3,654 124
naxevradZvirfasi qvebi, Zvirfasi liTonebi, Zvirfas liTonebSi amovlebuli liTonebi da maTi nakeTobani; biJuteria; monetebi 185 14,194
72 -Savi liTonebi 5,152 23,127
73 -Savi liTonebis nawarmi 5,254 990
74 -spilenZi da misi nakeTobani 331 1,297
75 -nikeli da misi nakeTobani 6 47
76 -alumini da misi nakeTobani 1,227 4,446
78 -tyvia da misi nakeTobani 9 35 79 -TuTia da misi nakeTobani 17 - 80 - kala da misi nakeToba 14 -
81 -sxva araZvirfasi liTonebi; liTonkeramika; maTi nakeTobani 107 1
82 -instrumentebi, danis nawarmi, kovzebi, Canglebi araZvirfasi liTonebisagan; maTi nawilebi araZvirfasi liTonebisagan 331 84
83 -araZvirfasi liTonebisagan damzadebuli sxva nakeTobani, romlebic sxva adgilas ar aris miTiTebuli 897 34
84 -atomuri reaqtorebi, qvabebi, danadgarebi da meqanikuri mowyobilobebi; maTi nawilebi 34,345 3,575
85 -eleqtruli manqanebi da mowyobilobebi, maTi nawili; xmis Camweri da xmis aRmdgeni aparatura; satelevizio gamosaxulebisa da xmis Camweri da aRmdgeni aparatura; maTi nawilebi da mowyobilobebi 28,705 1,937
86 -sarkinigzo lokomotivebi da moZravi Semadgenlobebi, tramvai, maTi nawilebi; tramvais da rkinigzis qselis sagzao mowyobilobani, maTi kvanZebi da detalebi; meqanikuri da eleqtromeqanikuri signalizaciis mowyobilobebi 9,923 985
87 -miwiszeda satransporto saSualebebi, sarkinigzo da tramvais moZravi Semadgenlobebis garda, da maTi nawilebi da mowyobilobebi 17,192 507
88 -safreni aparatebi, kosmosuri aparatebi maTi nawilebi 11,824 26,230
89 -gemebi, navebi da sxva mcuravi saSualebebi 0 1
90 -optikuri, fotografiuli, kinematografiuli, sazomi, sakontrolo, precizionuri, samedicino da qirurgiuli mowyobilobebi da aparatebi; maTi nawilebi da mowyobilobebi 5,818 585
91 -saaTebi da maTi nawilebi 84 16
92 -musikaluri instrumentebi; maTi nawilebi 10 6
93 - iaraRebi da saomari saSualebebi; maTi nawilebi 319 1,385
94 -aveji, qveSagebi, leibebi, Sezlongebis baliSebi, da sxva analogiuri avejis kuTvnilobani; gasanaTebeli mowyobilobebi da maTi nawilebi, romlebic sxvagan ar aris miTiTebuli; Suqis mricxvelebi, tabloebi da analogiuri nakeTobani; 3,186 100
95 -saTamaSoebi, TamaSobebi da sportuli inventari; maTi nawilebi 443 88
96 -sxvadasxva mza nawarmi 310 318
97- xelovnebis nimuSebi, sakoleqcio da antikvaruli sagnebi 32 31
wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
cxrili A6.1: saaqcio sazogadoebebis dafuZneba mxareebis mixedviT, 2002 w. 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT(sawarmoTa ricxvi)
raioni (qalaqi) damtkicebulia s/s gardasaqmnel obieqtTa nusxaSi
dafuZnebulia da registrirebulia s/s
sul
afxazeTi 34 0aWara 86 35Tbilisi 432 418guria 56 61lanCxuTi 12 14
ozurgeTi 35 39
Coxatauri 9 8
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi 12 9ambrolauri 6 3
lentexi 2 3
oni 1 1
cageri 3 2
samegrelo da zemo svaneTi 180 196abaSa 10 9
zugdidi 54 62
martvili 12 12
mestia 1 0
senaki 27 30
Cxorowyu 16 18
walenjixa 23 24
xobi 12 13
foTi 25 28
imereTi 234 245quTaisi 80 87
tyibuli 16 12
wyaltubo 18 17
WiaTura 17 16
baRdaTi 12 12
vani 11 10
zestafoni 24 24
Terjola 16 14
samtredia 17 27
saCxere 5 9
xaragauli 7 6
xoni 11 11
kaxeTi 120 111axmeta 13 13
gurjaani 22 19
dedofliswyaro 10 7
Telavi 27 28
lagodexi 10 10
sagarejo 15 17
siRnaRi 14 12
yvareli 9 5
mcxeTa-TianeTi 41 39axalgori 1 0
duSeTi 12 8
TianeTi 2 0
mcxeTa 23 27
yazbegi 3 4
samcxe-javaxeTi 54 47adigeni 2 2
aspinZa 3 1
axalqalaqi 8 8
axalcixe 16 15
borjomi 24 20
ninowminda 1 1
qvemo qarTli 99 118rusTavi 33 38
bolnisi 10 12
gardabani 20 33
dmanisi 6 4
TeTriwyaro 11 9
marneuli 17 20
walka 2 2
Sida qarTli 78 83cxinvali 0 0
gori 36 38
kaspi 15 16
qareli 12 10
xaSuri 15 19
java 0 0
sul 1,426 1,362
wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministroSeniSvna: am cxrilis pirvel svetSi mocemulia saprivatizaciod damtkicebulisawarmoebi, xolo meoreSi - is sawarmoebi, romlebic faqtiurad iqnen Sefasebuli da Camoyalibebuli rogorc saaqcio sazogadoebebi. cxrili ar moicavs faqtiurad privatizebul sawarmoebs. meore svetSi mocemuli cifrebi SesaZloa aRemetebodes pirvel svetSi mocemul cifrebs, radganac zogierTi sawarmo korporatizaciis Sedegad gaiyo.
cxrili A6.2: mcire privatizacia regionebis mixedviT 2002 w. 1 ivlisis mdgomareobiT(sawarmoTa ricxvi)
raioni (qalaqi ) damtkicebuli saprivatizaciod
privatizebulia sul
privatizebulia 2002w.
s/s sawesdebo kapitalSi Semavali obiqtebi
likvidirebuli sul
afxazeTi 8 - - - -
aWara 325 171 21 -
Tbilisi 4,641 5,126 61 412 -
guria 314 468 6 3 71
lanCxuTi 60 110 5 - 17
ozurgeTi 197 259 1 3 40
Coxatauri 57 99 - - 14
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi 168 276 3 2 50
ambrolauri 58 94 - 1 18
lentexi 32 47 - - 23
oni 47 73 3 1 9
cageri 31 62 - -
samegrelo da zemo svaneTi 1,110 1,536 10 184 279
abaSa 86 98 - 3 14
zugdidi 211 282 2 7 -
martvili 53 57 3 2 19
mestia 12 24 1 3 3
senaki 249 428 1 140 104
Cxorowyu 39 63 - - 23
walenjixa 52 65 - 15 15
xobi 145 140 1 2 59
foTi 263 379 2 12 42
imereTi 2,738 3,097 73 187 582
quTaisi 624 824 41 71 211
tyibuli 223 200 5 - 49
wyaltubo 274 300 4 10 29
WiaTura 265 304 7 68 44
baRdaTi 71 108 - - 36
vani 68 106 - 1 17
zestafoni 412 408 6 12 52
Terjola 132 154 - - 20
samtredia 446 456 5 19 59
saCxere 94 87 2 - 16
xaragauli 65 75 3 5 14
xoni 64 75 - 1 35
kaxeTi 1,084 1,322 37 71 178
axmeta 178 182 1 18 28
gurjaani 140 170 4 13 19
dedofliswyaro 88 120 16 34 3
Telavi 217 272 1 3 36
lagodexi 71 65 5 - 15
sagarejo 128 129 - 3 10
siRnaRi 138 229 6 - 34
yvareli 124 155 4 - 33
mcxeTa-TianeTi 323 408 7 25 71
axalgori 18 18 - - 5
duSeTi 87 132 3 1 12
TianeTi 58 65 - 12 12
mcxeTa 131 158 1 12 42
yazbegi 29 35 3 - -
samcxe-javaxeTi 592 925 17 9 109
adigeni 82 113 8 - 5
aspinZa 30 49 - 1 -
axalqalaqi 56 100 4 1 10
axalcixe 245 369 4 7 56
borjomi 152 250 1 - 34
ninowminda 27 44 - - 4
qvemo qarTli 1,139 1,607 28 20 154
rusTavi 355 463 6 4 60
bolnisi 62 138 1 6 -
gardabani 270 285 3 - 36
dmanisi 20 73 - - 7
TeTriwyaro 114 241 8 4 17
marneuli 284 370 10 6 10
walka 34 37 - - 24
Sida qarTli 887 1,024 18 47 161
cxinvali - 5 - 5 -
gori 315 376 7 19 52
kaspi 201 191 5 - 15
qareli 139 182 4 - 62
xaSuri 232 270 2 23 32
java - - - - -
sqms 490 490 35 - -
sul 13,819 16,450 295 981 1,655
wyaro: saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministroSeniSvna: imis gamo rom aqcionirebis procesSi zogierTi sawarmo gaiyo, gayiduli sawarmoebis ricxvi SeiZleba aRematebodes gasayidad damtkicebulTa ricxvs.
cxrili A7.1: ekonomikuri statusi, 1998 w. I kv. - 2001 w. IV kv.(aTasi kaci)
1998 w. I kv.
1998 w. II kv.
1998 w. III kv.
1998 w. IV kv.
1999 w. I kv.
1999 w. II kv.
1999 w. III kv.
1999 w. IV kv.
2000 w. I kv.
2000 w. II kv.
2000 w. III kv.
2000 w. IV kv.
2001 w. I kv.
2001 w. II kv.
2001 w. III kv.
2001 w. IV kv.
sul, 15 welze ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba 3, 099 3, 136 3, 194 3, 008 3, 032 3, 049 3, 092 3, 018 3, 123 3, 151 3, 133 3, 199 3, 277 3, 269 3, 139 3, 083
ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (1 ) 2 ,332 2, 462 2,146 1,990
2, 018 2, 052 2, 058 1, 917 1, 951 2, 102 2, 064 2, 095 2, 066 2, 197 2, 144 2, 048
ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba, sul (samuSao Zala ) (2 ) 2 ,457 2 ,555 2,195 2,042
2, 058 2, 093 2, 106 1, 975 2, 087 2, 199 2, 181 2, 215 2, 195 2, 314 2, 246 2, 165
dasaqmebuli 2, 101 2 ,283 1,887 1,741 1, 725 1, 784 1, 792 1, 633 1, 705 1, 890 1, 890 1, 878 1, 818 1, 944 1, 913 1, 838 daqiravebuli 714 737 786 741 737 743 741 710 679 695 675 691 681 672 636 630
TviT-dasaqmebuli 1, 387 1 ,546 1,092 990 973 1, 023 1, 030 905 912 1, 087 1, 095 1, 080 1, 034 1, 189 1, 194 1, 127
umuSevari (1 ) 231 179 260 249 292 268 266 284 246 212 174 217 248 253.1 230.8 210.5 umuSevari (2 ) 356 272 309 301 333 308 314 342 382 309 292 337 377 369.9 332.8 327.3umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (1 ) 9.9 7.3 12.1 12.5 14.5 13.0 12.9 14.8 12.6 10.1 8.4 10.4 12.0 11.5 10.8 10.3umuSevrobis done (procenti ) (2 ) 14.5 10.6 14.1 14.7 16.2 14.7 14.9 17.3 18.3 14.0 13.4 15.2 17.2 16.0 14.8 15.1
samuSao Zalis monawileobis koeficienti 75.3 78.5 67.2 66.2 66.6 67.3 66.6 63.5 62.5 63.9 65.9 65.5 63.1 67.2 68.3 66.4TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian samuSao ZalaSi 59.5 62.8 50.9 49.7 48.2 49.8 50.1 47.2 46.7 51.7 53.0 51.6 50.1 54.1 55.7 55.0TviT-dasaqmebis wili mTlian dasaqmebaSi 66.0 67.7 57.8 56.9 56.4 57.3 57.5 55.4 53.5 57.5 57.9 57.5 56.9 61.2 62.4 61.3wyaro: statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti, samuSao Zalis gamokvlevaSeniSvna: (1 ) Sso -s standartiT (an “mkacri” kriteriumiT) (2 ) Sso -s ,,Serbilebuli” kriteriumiT
abreviaturebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 163
gaero gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia
vmo vaWrobis msoflio organizacia1
vssk vaWrobis saerTaSoriso standartuli klasifikacia
dsT damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba
dRg damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi
epkc ekonomikuri politikisa da kvlevis centri
Tbsb Tbilisis bankTaSorisi savaluto birJa
kvt•sT kilovatsaaTi (mgvt•sT - megavatsaaTi, gvt•sT - gigavatsaaTi)
mep mTliani erovnuli produqti
mso msoflio savaWro organizacia (is. vmo)
mSp mTliani Sida produqti
mfi mwarmoebelTa fasebis indeqsi
sd saxelmwifo sagadasaxado departamenti
seb saqarTvelos erovnuli banki
sem saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi
sesf socuzrunvelyofis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi
sv saxazino valdebuleba (Tamasuqi)
ssd statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti
sss saxelmwifo sagadasaxado samsaxuri
sssf saqarTvelos socialuri sainvesticio fondi
ssu specialuri sasesxo uflebebi
ssf saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi
sf sarezervo fuli
sfi samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi
sqms saxelmwifo qonebis marTvis saministro
Sso Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia
waa wminda adgilobrivi aqtivebi
wfi warmoebis fasebis indeqsi
wmp wminda materialuri produqti
wsr wminda saerTaSoriso rezervebi
wua wminda ucxouri aqtivebi
ha heqtari
ACDI soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis
organizacia
1 qarTuli enis saxelmwifo palatis rekomendaciiT amieridam mso-s nacvlad, gamoyenebuli iqneba abreviatura vmo (,,msoflio savaWro organizaciis” magivrad, ,,vaWrobis msoflio organizacia”).
abreviaturebi
164 saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2
BSEC Savi zRvis ekonomikuri TanamSromloba
BSTDB Savi zRvis vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis banki
CASE socialuri da ekonomikuri kvlevis centri
EBRD evropis rekonstruqciisa sa ganviTarebis banki
ECB evropis centraluri banki
EMI evropis monetaruli instituti
EMS evropis monetaruli sistema
EMU ekonomikuri da monetaruli kavSiri
ESAF struqturul gardaqmnaTa gafarToebuli dafinansebis meqanizmi
EUR evro
GATT generaluri SeTanxmeba vaWrobasa da tarifebze
GEPLAC ekonomikuri politikisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis qarTul-
evropuli sakonsultacio centri
GET saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi (ix. sem)
GSP preferenciebis zogadi sistema
HS harmonizebuli sasaqonlo sistema
ICC saerTaSoriso savaWro palata
IEA energetikis saerTaSoriso saagento
IFAD soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso fondi
INOGATE evropisaken navTobisa da gazis saxelmwifoTaSoriso
transportireba
ISIC saerTaSoriso standartuli dargobrivi klasifikacia
NTR normaluri savaWro urTierToba
OECD ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizacia
OPEC navTobis eqsportiori qveynebis organizacia
PREGP saqarTvelos siRaribis daZlevisa da ekonomikuri zrdis programa
SAC msofli bankis struqturul gardaqmnaTa krediti
SDR is. ssu
SIS TurqeTis statistikis saxelmwifo instituti
TRI vaWrobis SezRudulobisi indeqsi
TRIMs vaWrobasTan dakavSirebuli sainvesticio RonisZiebebi
TRIPS vaWrobasTan dakavSirebuli inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis uflebebi
TRACECA satransporto koridori evropa-kavkasia-azia
UNCTAD gaeros vaWrobisa da ganviTarebis konferencia
UNCITRAL gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis saerTaSoriso savaWro
kanonmdeblobis komisia
USAID amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento
USITC amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis komisia
abreviaturebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mimarTulebebi _ 2002 weli, #2 165
USTR amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis savaWro warmomadgenloba
WTO vaWrobis msoflio organizacia (ix. vmo)
WTO msoflio turistuli organizacia