No Slide Title
Xy dng chi thi sinh hoc anh gia cht lng nc, c bit cac thuy vc
phuc vu muc ich thuy li la mt hng mi ang c cac nha khoa hoc quan
tm. Nghin cu nay c tin hanh trn i tng tao cat sng bam tai cac khu
vc in hinh thuc h thng sng Bc Hng Hai bng cac phng phap: ly mu, x l
v bo qun mu; phn tch thnh phn loi; nh gi cht lng nc s dng to ct va
phng php x l s liu, nh gi kt qu. Nghin cu nn mng cho vic s dng trc
tip cc vt liu c sn trong t nhin tin hnh nh gi tit kim chi ph v cng
sc cho nhng nghin cu trn i tng ny. Kt qua t l phn trm cc loi nhy
cm, chng chu v trung tnh, kt qu ch s DAIpo cho thy cc gi tr DAIpo
ti 3 im nghin cu ch nm trong khong nh hn 75 im, dao ng trong khong
30-50 im ng vi mc nhim hu c nh. Thng qua vic so snh kt qu cht lng
nc da vo to ct v kt qu thm tra thc t cht lng nc, ch s DAIpo c
Watanabe v Asai a ra nm 1988 ph hp vi iu kin nc s dng trong mc ch
thy li nc ta.QUAN TRC SINH HC CC THY VC PHC V MC CH THY LI XY DNG
CH TH SINH HC TO CT NH GI CHT LNG NC(BIOMONITORING IRIGATION WATER
TO CONSTRUCT DIATOM BIOINDICATOR FOR WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT)Gio
vin hng dn: ThS. Nguyn Th Thu HSinh vin thc hin: Thi MaiPham Vn
KhoaNguyn Thi NgoanQuach Th LngNguyn Vn SangTm ttc. Phng php nh gi
cht lng nc s dng to ct:Ch s DAIpo c xc nh bng mt trong hai cng
thc:Cch 1: DAIpo (1988) = 50 + (A - B)Cch 2: DAIpo (1986) = 50 + (A
+ C - B)Trong A, B, C ln lt l phn trm cc nhm nhy cm, chng chu hu c
v trung tnh.Phng php ly mu trn cc vt cht t nhin cho kt qu a dng hn.
Tuy s lng thnh phn loi khc bit ng k (ln hn 27,7%) nhng thnh phn loi
u th khng thay i (so vi nghin cu ca on Th Hoa Huyn (2008), Nguyn Th
Thu H v nnk (2012) ly mu bng by to). Do vy c th nhn nh rng phng php
ny c tim nng tt hn trong nh gi a dng sinh hc to ct.Phng php nghin
cu3. Kt qu nghin cu2.i tng, ni dung nghin cu1. t vn
i tng: To ct sng bm (benthic diatom),Th nghim quan trc sinh hc
la chn nc thu li thuc h thng Bc Hng Hi trn a bn H Ni v Hng Yn:Nhnh
h thng sng Bc Hng Hi gm: on sng Bc Hng Hi t sng Hng n cng Xun Quan;
Mng tiu nng (cnh ng a Tn, Kiu K) v Mng tiu su (cnh ng ng D, An Lc
kt hp nui c, vt v c nc thi sinh hot).Ni dung nghin cu:Xc nh mc a
dng to ct sng bm ti a bn nghin cunh gi kh nng s dng to ct lm ch th
sinh hc cht lng nc phc v mc ch nng nghip v xut xy dng b ch th sinh
hc to ct cho cht lng nc thu li.4. Kt lun v kin nghNghin cu tm ra
106 loi, thuc 2 b centrals v pennales, trong b centrals ch c h
thalassiosiraceae, cn b pennales c cc h eunotiaceae,
achnanthesceae, naviculaceae v nitzchiaceae.Ti 3 a im nghin cu c 12
loi u th trong Cyclotella meneghiniana l loi c t l ln ti nhiu im.
Kt qu gi tr ch s DAIpo ti 3 im nghin cu ch nm trong khong nh hn 75
im, dao ng trong khong 30-50 im ng vi mc nhim hu c nh. Thng qua vic
so snh kt qu cht lng nc da vo to ct v kt qu thm tra thc t cht lng
nc, ch s DAIpo c Watanabe v Asai a ra nm 1988 ph hp vi iu kin nc s
dng trong mc ch thy li nc ta.3.1. Hin trng a dng sinh hc to ct ti
khu vc nghin cuXut hin 106 loi, thuc 2 b centrals (to ct trung tm)
v pennales (to ct lng chim), trong b centrals ch c h
thalassiosiraceae, cn b pennales c cc h eunotiaceae,
achnanthesceae, naviculaceae, nitzchiaceae
Phng php nghin cua. Phng php ly mu, x l v bo qun mu
Bng 1: Thang nh gi mi quan h gia DAIpo v cht lng ncDAIpoBOD5
(mg/l)Mc hoi sinh0 15 10Polysaprobic nhim hu c nng15 305
10-Mesosaprobic nhim hu c trung bnh30 502,5 5-Mesosaprobic nhim hu
c nh50 751,25 2,5-Oligosaprobic - xut hin nhiu cht hu c 70 850,625
1,25-Oligosaprobic - cht hu c dng vt85 100 0,625Xenosaprobic - nc
schNgun: Watanabe v Asai, 1986, 1988 v 1991nh gi cht lng nc bng
QCVN 08:2008 i vi nc mt mc ch thu li (ct B1).d. Phng php x l s liu,
nh gi kt quS dng cc phng php thng k c bn xy dng phng php ng dng to
ct lm ch th sinh hc cht lng nc thu li.Hnh 1: th biu din t l s lng
loi thuc v cc hc tm thy trong thi gian quan trcCc loi u th xut hin
trn 3 a im nghin cuNgyLoi u th bc 1Loi u th bc 2Tn%Tn%Sng Bc Hng Hi
on t sng Hng n cng Xun Quan21/2/2013Navicula sp.-126.20Cyclotella
meneghiniana16.2920/3/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana38.77Navicula
sp.-111.0818/4/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana29.60Nitzschia
palea16.2024/5/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana14.15Nitzschia
perminuta7.627/8/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana19.21Nitzschia
palea14.1217/9/2013Navicula sp.-134.69Cyclotella
meneghiniana22.0919/11/2013Achnanthes exigua64.84Cyclotella
meneghiniana9.38Mng tiu nng (khng nhn thi)21/2/2013Navicula
subminuscula 37.98Nitzschia fonticola12.4020/3/2013Nitzschia
palea20.94Navicula sp.-115.2918/4/2013Cyclotella
meneghiniana14.61Nitzschia frustulum14.1124/5/2013Navicula
atomus11.60Navicula sp.-19.577/8/2013Navicula subminuscula
16.88Achnanthes exigua11.5817/9/2013Cyclotella
meneghiniana26.44Amphora montana19.7319/11/2013Cyclotella
meneghiniana27.31Cymbella tumida26.33Mng tiu su (c nhn
thi)21/2/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana28.30Amphora
montana18.1120/3/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana55.37Amphora
montana13.2818/4/2013Nitzschia palea12.21Nitzschia
frustulum10.7924/5/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana21.63Nitzschia
palea8.23Navicula sp.-121.637/8/2013Nitzschia palea30.78Nitzschia
fonticola11.7717/9/2013Cyclotella meneghiniana25.51Nitzschia
palea10.2919/11/2013Navicula subminuscula 57.64Nitzschia
palea12.63Bng 2. Danh mc cc loi to ct u th3. Kt qu nghin cu
Hnh 2. Mt s loi to ct u th trn a bn nghin cu 20133.2. Phn hng
cht lng nc theo ch s sinh hc to ct sng bmDa vo mc chu nhim hu c
Asai v Watanabe (1995) phn loi 95 loi to thnh 3 nhm chnh l: Nhm nhy
cm l A, nhm chng chu l B v nhm trung tnh l C.b. Phng php phn tch
thnh phn loiPhn tch tiu bn bng knh hin vi 100xHng dn ca APHA, 10300
mc D Tiu ch phn loi:Hnh dng (ton b v, u v, rnh, vn)Kch thc ca v
(chiu di, chiu rng v mt vn)Cn c vo sch phn loi to ct nc ngt ca Nht
Bn Hnh 3: T l phn trm cc nhm to ct chia theo kh nng chng chu nhim
hu cTheo cch 1, kt qu ch s DAIpo c tnh ton ch da vo phn trm hai nhm
chng chu v nhy cm, kt qu gi tr DAIpo ti 3 im nghin cu ch nm trong
khong nh hn 75 im (c nguy c nhim cao). Mc trung bnh gi tr DAIpo l
37,9% ng vi mc cht lng nc nhim hu c nh (-Mesosaprobic).Theo cch 2,
DAIpo trung bnh l 64,8% ng vi mc cht lng nc nhiu cht hu c (nhim bn
hu c - -Oligosaprobic).NgySng Bc Hng HiMng nngMng suCch 1Cch 2Cch
1Cch 2Cch 1Cch
221/2/201336,459,138,964,842,468,220/3/201340,667,240,068,335,261,118/4/201340,572,635,065,035,766,724/5/201341,474,137,266,043,670,27/8/201338,268,438,866,335,163,517/9/201335,160,841,471,439,769,219/11/201328,140,642,064,031,353,1Trung
bnh37,263,339,066,537,664,6Bng 3. Gi tr ch s DAIpo ti 3 a im nghin
cu trong thi gian quan trcThi giana impHColiform(MPN/100
ml)mg/lDOBOD5CODN-NH4+P-PO43-TSSThng 2
3/2013M16,4752502,95519,426,52,2850,5445,5M26,2665002,5922,1530,52,6250,6252,5M36,3430502,72521,2292,50,5950Thng
4 -
5/2013M17,3949004,54512,9517,51,5250,3630,5M27,3154504,411317,51,5350,36531M37,1083504,04514,2191,6750,433,5Thng
8 -
9/2013M16,73576503,40516,8231,9850,4739,5M26,73559003,4116,922,51,990,4739,5M36,7676503,45516,622,51,960,46539Thng
11/2013M15,606001,4539,4544,650,9293M26,0865202,2725,2342,970,7159M35,6075001,4539,4544,650,9293QCVN
08:2008 B15,5-975002,0015,0300,50,350Bng 4. Hin trng cht lng nc nh
gi theo cc thng s ca quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mtKt qu
nh gi cht lng nc da vo ch s DAIpo c Watanabe v Asai a ra nm 1988 ph
hp hn vi quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt ca Vit Nam. Thm vo
din bin cht lng nc theo ch s DAIpo ch ra: ma ma cht lng nc tt hn ma
kh ng thi mng nhn thi c cht lng nc xu hn mc d chnh lch trong nghin
cu ny khng ng k.Ti liu tham khoAmerican Public Health Associations
(APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Pollution
Control Federation (APCF) (1992), Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edition, APHA,
Washington, D.C.Asai K. (1995), Statistic classification of
epilithic diatom species into three ecological groups relating to
organic water pollution. Method with coexistence index, The
Japanese Journal of Diatomology, 10, pp. 11-32.Asai K., Watanabe T.
(1995), Statistic classification of epilithic diatom species into
three ecological groups relating to organic water pollution.
Saprophilous and saproxenous taxa, The Japanese Journal of
Diatomology, 10, pp. 35-52.Danh mc to ct nc ngt, sch chuyn kho
(ting Nht)Nguyn Th Thu H, H Th Thy Hng, Trnh Quang Huy (2012), S
dng to ct lm ch th sinh hc cht lng nc h thng knh mng thy li huyn
Gia Lm, H Ni, K yu Hi tho khoa hc.on Th Hoa Huyn (2009), nh hng ca
cht lng nc ti a dng to ct v ng dng trong xy dng ch th sinh hc nh gi
cht lng nc dng trong nng nghip, kha lun tt nghip.L Vn Khoa, Nguyn
Xun Qunh, Nguyn Quc Vit (2007), Ch th sinh hc mi trng. Nh xut bn
gio dc.1
