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REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELADIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA Y DEPORTES

LICEO “JOSE MARIA VARGAS “MINAS – MUNICIPIO CANDELARIAESTADO TRUJILLO.

CONSTRUIR UN PROTOTIPO DE UN PROYECTOR DE

IMÁGENES Y VIDEOS CON MATERIALES DE FÁCIL

ADQUISICIÓN

TUTOR ACADEMICO: AUTORES:

PROF. JUAN F. BERBECÍ. CANO FRANCISVIVAS MARIA

SALAS KATERINEDOMINGUEZ LEANDRO

JESUS GIL

MINAS.NOVIEMBRE, !"#.

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REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELADIRECCIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA Y DEPORTES

LICEO “JOSE MARIA VARGAS “MINAS – MUNICIPIO CANDELARIAESTADO TRUJILLO.

CONSTRUIR UN PROTOTIPO DE UN PROYECTOR DE

IMÁGENES Y VIDEOS CON MATERIALES DE FÁCIL

ADQUISICIÓN

TUTOR ACADEMICO: AUTORES:

PROF. JUAN F. BERBEC. VIVAS MARIASALAS !ATERINE

DOMINGUEZ LEANDROJESUS GIL

MINAS.NOVIEMBRE, "#$%.

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INDICE GENERAL

  P$%.

I&'()*+-& "

CAPITULO I. PROBLEMA. P/0&'102-1&') *1/ 3()4/120

F)(2+/0-& *1/ 3()4/120 5

O461'-7) %1&1(0/ 8 1931;-) #

J+9'-;-0-& <

CAPITULO II. MARCO TEÓRICO. A&'11*1&'19 *1 /0 -&719'-%0-& =>?

B0919 '1(-09 @>"<

CAPITULO II. METODOLOGIA DE LA INVESTIGACION. T-3) *1 -&719'-%0-&

"=

D-91) *1 /0 -&719'-%0-& "=>"

M0'1(-0/19 "?

P()1*-2-1&')9 "?>"@

 A&$/-9-9 *1 /)9 (19+/'0*)9 "@

C)&/+9-)&19 !

R1;1(1&-09 4-4/-)%($;-09 "

 A&1)9 5>#

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INTRODUCCION

   A'+0/21&'1 /09 )&*--)&19 1)&2-09 *1 /0 9)-1*0* (19+/'0& 91( 2+8*19-%+0/19 2-1&'(09 0/%+&09 31(9)&09 '-1&1 /0 030-*0* *1 )23(0( /)9

/'-2)9 *-93)9-'-7)9 '1&)/%-)9 )'()9 9)/) 3+1*1& )491(70(/)9 ) 4+90( /0

20&1(0 *1 0*+-(-( -2-'0-)&19.

  E& S+*02(-0 3)*12)9 03(1-0( 19'), ')20&*) )2) 16123/) 0

H)&*+(09 8 0 V1&1+1/0 30919 *)&*1 /09 4(1H09 1)&2-09 9)& %(0&*19

8 2+H)9 *1 9+ H04-'0&'19 &) '-1&1& 1/ 21*-) *1 0*+-(-( 1+-3)9 +1

3()81'1& -2$%1&19 ) 7-*1)9, 3)( 19'0 (0&, 13/-0(12)9 1& 1/ 9-%+-1&'1'(0406) )2) )&9'(+-( +& 3()')'-3) *1 +& 3()81')( *1 *-03)9-'-709 )&

20'1(-0/19 019-4/19 8 1)&2-)9, 80 +1 1/ )9') *1 19'1 *-93)9-'-7) 30(0

/0 208)(0 *1 /09 31(9)&09 19 -&0/0&04/1 )& 19') 4+902)9 +1 91

-23/121&'1 19'1 -23)('0&'1 (1+(9) 1& /09 3(191&'0-)&19 +1 9)&

09-%&0*09 30(0 1/ 0+/0 *1 /0919, )& 1/ ;-& *1 +1 /09 2-9209 910& 2$9

*-&$2-09 8 91 03()71H1 /0 121(%1&'1 '1&)/)%0 +1 ;0-/-'0 /0 7-*0 *1

')*)9.

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PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA

  L)9 3()81')(19 3'-)9 H0& '1&-*) 1& /)9 /'-2)9 0)9 +& +9))&9-*1(04/121&'1 0/'), )& +& (-'2) *1 0+21&'), 1& /09 *-9'-&'09 $(109

9)-0/19, )2) /0 123(190(-0/ 8 1*+0'-70, 31() 19'1 0+21&') *1/ )&9+2)

*1 19'1 *-93)9-'-7) H0& %1&1(0*) 3)( )&9-%+-1&'1 /0 209-70 (10-& *1

-&*+9'(-09, 8 1//) H0 '1&-*) +& 1;1') &1%0'-7) 1& 1/ 024-1&'1, )2) 3)*12)9

)491(70(, H)8 1& *0 )& 1/ 0+21&') *1 /0 )&'02-&0-& 00((10&*) 19')

%(0&*19 3()4/1209 024-1&'0/19 )2) 1/ *1'1(-)() *1 /0 030 *1 ))&).

  P)( 19'0 (0&, )&9'(+-(12)9 +& 3()81')( 3'-) )& 1/+/0(19, 820'1(-0/19 *1 (1-/061 ) *1 ;$-/ 0*+-9--&, *1 19'0 ;)(20 )4'1&*(12)9 +&

(1+(9) 0+*-) 7-9+0/ -23)('0&'1 1& 1/ *190(()//) *1 /0919 )2) 1& 1/ &-71/ *1

03(1&*-061 2$9 9-%&-;-0'-7)9 30(0 /)9 19'+*-0&'19 8 09 2-92) +1 *-H0

)&9'(+-& 08+*1 0 2-&-2-0( /0 )&'02-&0-& 3)( 21*-) *1/ (1-/061.

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FORMULACION DEL PROBLEMA

P0(0 1/ *190(()//) *1/ 3()81') 91 &)9 3(191&'0 /0 9-%+-1&'1 -&'1(()%0&'1:

C2) )&9'(+-( +& 3()')'-3) *1 +& 3()81')( )& 20'1(-0/19 (1+'-/-04/19

+1 31(2-'0 /0 +'-/-0-& *1 (1+(9)9 0+*-)7-9+0/19

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OBJETIVO GENERAL

•

C)&9'(+-( 1/ 3()')'-3) *1 +& 3()81')( *1 -2$%1&19 8 7-*1)9 )&20'1(-0/19 *1 ;$-/ 0*+-9--&

OBJETIVOS ESPECFICOS

• E3/-0( 0/ /0+9'() 1*+0'-7), /09 ;+&-)&19 1 -23)('0&-0 *1 +&

3()81')(.• D1'1(2-&0( /)9 3()1*-2-1&')9 8 20'1(-0/19 30(0 )&9'(+-( +&

3()81')(.• D12)9'(0( /0 1;--1&-0 *1/ 3()81')( 0 '(079 *1 /0 3(191&'0-& *1 +&

7-*1).

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JUSTIFICACION

  C)&9'(+-( +& 3()81')( 3'-) 30(0 1/+/0(19, )& 1/ ;-& *1 '1&1( +& (1+(9)0+*-)7-9+0/ 1/04)(0*) )& 20'1(-0/19 (1-/04/19 8 1)&2-)9 30(0 +1 *1

19'0 ;)(20 )0*8+70( 0 17-'0( /0 17)/+-& *1 /0 )&'02-&0-& 8 *12$9

3()4/1209 024-1&'0/19, 19'1 3()')'-3) 91 )&9'(+81 )& *)9 0609 *1

030')9 1& 9+ -&'1(-)( 3-&'0*) *1 &1%() 20'1 8 +&0 /+30 9+61'0*0 1& 1/ 1&'()

*1 +0/+-1(0 *1 /)9 /0'1(0/19 *1 /0 060, '024-& 91 (10/-0 +&0 4091 )& *)9

(1'$&%+/)9 30(0 1/ 1/+/0( 8 19'1 91 9+61'0 )& *)9 /-%09 1& 9+9 1'(12)9,

30(0 +1 *1 19'0 ;)(20 1/ 1/+/0( 19'1 4-1& 3)9--)&0*) 8 91 3()81'1 /0

-20%1& )((1'021&'1.

R1/0-)&0*) )& /) 0&'1(-)(21&'1 19(-'), /0 )&9'(+-& *1 19'1

3()')'-3) 91 H01 )& /0 ;-&0/-*0*, *1 %1&1(0( (1+(9)9 3'-2)9 +1 08+*1& 0

/0 1&910&0 8 03(1&*-061 *1 /)9 19'+*-0&'19 *1 -%+0/ 20&1(0, *12)9'(0( 0

/0 )/1'-7-*0* 19'+*-0&'-/ +1 )& 9-23/19 20'1(-0/19 *1 (1-/061 )

(1+'-/-04/19 91 3+1*1 -&&)70( *0 0 *0, %1&1(0&*) )& 19'), 2-&-2-0( +&

3)) /0 )&'02-&0-& +1 1& /0 0'+0/-*0* &)9 0'01.

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CAPITULO II

MARCO TEÓRICO

  E/ 3(191&'1 03-'+/) +1 91 13)&1 0 )&'-&+0-& '-1&1 )2) )461'-7)

9+2-&-9'(0( /09 40919 '1(-09 +1 9+9'1&'1& *1 +&0 ;)(20 + )'(0 1/

*190(()//) *1/ 3()81').

A&'()(*(&'(+ -+'/-)0+ *( 12 -&3(+'-42)-&

E/ 19'+*-) *1 /09 *-9'-&'09 '1)(09 +1 0 /) /0(%) *1 /0 H-9')(-0 H0& 9+(%-*)

30(0 -&'1(3(1'0( /)9 ;1&21&)9 /+2-&)9)9, 19 +& 4+1& 16123/) +1 -/+9'(0 /0

17)/+-& *1/ 2')*) 91%+-*) 3)( /)9 -1&';-)9 9-123(1 04-1(') 0 024-)9 8

9)21'-*) 0 /0 3(+140 *1;-&-'-70 *1 /0 71(-;-0-& 131(-21&'0/.

  L0 3'-0, 0/ -%+0/ +1 /09 *12$9 -1&-09, H0 &119-'0*) *1 2+H)9

9-%/)9 *1 /1&'0 8 3()%(19-70 17)/+-&, 30(0 //1%0( 0 91( /) +1 19 H)8 1& *0,

1/ +0/ 91 (-%1 3)( /1819 +1 31(2-'1& +& )&)-2-1&') 2$9 10') *1 1//0.

  S1%& D)/)(19, J. SF L09 &)-)&19 +1 '1&12)9 *1 /0 3'-0 1& /0

0&'-%1*0*, 9)& 2+8 190909 8 20/ *)+21&'0*09, /) +1 &) &)9 31(2-'1

H01( 0;-(20-)&19 )&(1'09 9)4(1 1/ '120. P0('-(12)9 )& 19'0 4(171

H-9')(-0 *1 /0 3'-0, 21&-)&0&*) +1 1& 1/ 9-%/) V 0&'19 *1 C(-9'), 1& 1/

21*-) )(-1&'1, *+(0&'1 1/ (1-&0*) *1 T+'219 III 030(11& /)9 3(-21()9 709)9

*1 7-*(-) 8 1920/'19 0('9'-)9 *1 19'1 20'1(-0/. M1&-)&02)9 19'1 H1H),

*14-*) 0 /0 %(0& -23)('0&-0 8 )&1-& +1 '-1&1 19'1 20'1(-0/ )& /0 3'-0

3()3-021&'1 *-H0.

  E& 1/ 0) "@?, 1/ 0(+1/)%) B1Q 1&+1&'(0 /1&'19 3/0&)9 )&7109 8

4-)&7109, 3()1*1&'19 *1 /0 A&'-%+0 M19)3)'02-0, H)8 1& *0 1/ 21*-)

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)(-1&'1, 2$9 *1 5!!! 0)9 0&'19 *1 C(-9'). A9-2-92) 1& C(1'0 91 H0//0&

/1&'19 4-)&7109 *1 +&0 0&'-%1*0*, )23(1&*-*0 1&'(1 /)9 0)9 5!!! 8

"!! 0&'19 *1 C(-9'). S-& 1240(%), 19'09 /1&'19 &) ;+1()& 0+-/-0(19 *1 /0

7-9-&, 9-&) +1 ;+1()& +'-/-0*)9 )2) )461')9 90%(0*)9 30(0 1&1&*1( 

;+1%).

  D1 H1H), 0'+0/21&'1 9)& &+21()909 /09 /1&'19 1&)&'(0*09 3)( ')*) 1/

M+&*) +1 '-1&1& +&0 %(0& 0&'-%1*0*. E& P)23180 91 H0// +&0 /1&'1 *1 <

2 *1 *-$21'(), *1 -%+0/ 2)*), 1& C(1'0 91 1&)&'( +&0 060 )& 91-9

/1&'19 )&71)9, /0 208)( *1 !.? 3+/%0*09 *1 *-$21'() 8 *1 "! 0+21&')9.

L09 /1&'19 3)9-'-709 ;+1()& +90*09 )2) /+309, *19*1 '-123)9 2+8

(12)')9. N) 3+1*1 0*2-'-(91 *1 )'() 2)*), )2) ;+1()& H1H09 /09

31+109 8 *1/-0*09 -&9(-3-)&19, 1& )461')9 H0//0*)9 1& /09 19;-&%19 *1 /0

T+240 *1 M-&)9, 1& E%-3'). L)9 H0//0%)9 0(+1)/%-)9 /) )&;-(20&.

  E& 1/ 9-%/) V 0&'19 *1 C(-9'), /)9 G(-1%)9, R)20&)9. (0419, -&*19 8

CH-&)9, +90()& /1&'19 3)9-'-709 1& 21*--&0, )2) 0+'1(-)9 1& 1/

'(0'02-1&') *1 H1(-*09. P/-&-) -%+0/21&'1 91 (1;-1(1 0 /09 19;1(09 *1 7-*(-)

//1&09 *1 0%+0, +1 91(70& 30(0 1&1&*1( ;+1%), )2) 09 '024-& 0/ H1H)

+1 /)9 )461')9 7-9')9 0 '(079 *1 1//09 91 71& 2$9 %(0&*19.

D1 -%+0/ ;)(20, 1& 1/ 0) #<< )2-1&0 /0 31&1'(0-& *1 /)9 B$(40()9 8

/0 0*0 *1/ I231(-) R)20&). L0 -1&-0 91 1&'(0 1& E+()30, N)('1 *1 ;(-0

8 A9-0 M1&)(. L0 ;04(-0-& *1/ 7-*(-), +1 R)20 H040 1'1&*-*) 3)( ')*) 1/

I231(-), 91 3-1(*1 )& 9+ 0*0, 9)4(1 ')*) 1& E%-3') 8 S-(-0.

  P)( )'(0 30('1, A1'-+9 *1 A2-*0, 1*+0*) 1& /0 U&-71(9-*0* *1 A/160&*(0,

1& 9+9 19(-')9 -1&';-)9, 0 2)*) *1 1&-/)31*-0, H01 21&-& *1 /0

2-)30 *19-%&$&*)/0 )2) V-9'0 C)('0 910/0&*), +1 0/%+&)9 2-)319

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'-1&1& /)9 )6)9 90/')&19, -&*-0&*) 0*12$9 +1 91 '(0'0 *1 +& ;1&21&)

-((130(04/1.

  L0 3'-0 %1)2'(-0 19 '024-& 30('1 *1 /09 /1819 ;1&)21&)/%-09 *1

S&1// ) D190('19 91%& )'(09 ;+1&'19 *1 /0 (1;/1-& 8 /0 (1;(0-&. A 30('-( 

*1 1//09, 409'0 H01( %1)21'(0 )& /)9 (08)9 /+2-&)9)9 30(0 /0 )4'1&-& *1

/09 ;(2+/09 +1 )((193)&*1& 0 /)9 19316)9, *-)3'(-) 8 /1&'19 ) 9+9

)24-&0-)&19, )4'1&-1&*) 09 /09 /1819 +1 %)4-1(&0& /)9 -&9'(+21&')9

3'-)9 0 +1 19'02)9 0)9'+24(0*)9.

 

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BASES TEÓRICAS

P/05()'0/

S1%& L-//18, S. SF U& 3()81')( 19 +& *-93)9-'-7) *-910*) 30(0

03'+(0( +&0 -20%1& *19*1 +&0 ;+1&'1 *1 7*1) 8 3()81'0(/0 )& /0 208)( 

;-*1/-*0* 3)9-4/1 1& +&0 30&'0//0 + )'(0 9+31(;--1. L)9 3()81')(19 91 +'-/-0&

1& +&0 70(-1*0* *1 *-;1(1&'19 20&1(09 9)& *-9;(+'0*)9 3)( /)9 1&'+9-09'09

*1/ -&1 1& 090 *14-*) 0 9+ 030-*0* 30(0 3()81'0( 31/+/09 8 3()%(0209

*1 '1/17-9-& 1& +&0 30&'0//0 2+H) 2$9 %(0&*1 +1 -&/+9) 1/ '1/17-9)( 2$9

%(0&*1 *-93)&-4/1 8 91 +'-/-0& 1& 1/ 1&')(&) )(3)(0'-7) 30(0 3()81'0( /0

-&;)(20-& 1& /09 30&'0//09 /) 9+;--1&'121&'1 %(0&*1 30(0 /)9 +0(')9 //1&)9

*1 %1&'1.

T-60+

E-9'1& 70(-)9 '-3)9 *1 3()81')(19, 31() 1& 19'1 09) H08 0/%+&)9 +1 91

(1/0-)&0& 2$9 )& &+19'() 3()81')(, 19')9 9)&:

P/05()'0/ )-&(72'04/89-)0

  S1%& B-&0&' P. 

C)('9 C 8 C09'-//) J. !!@ U& 3()81')( 

-&120')%($;-) 19 +& *-93)9-'-7) )3')>21$&-) 123/10*) 30(0 2)9'(0( 

31/+/09 0/ 3()81'0(/09 1& +&0 30&'0//0. L0 208)(0 *1 /)9 )23)&1&'19

3'-)9 8 21$&-)9, 113') /)9 )&1(&-1&'19 0 /0 -/+2-&0-& 8 0/ 9)&-*),

19'$& '024-& 3(191&'19 1& /09 $20(09 -&120')%($;-09.

L0 2$+-&0 3()81'0, 0 -&'1(70/)9 (1%+/0(19 *1 3)09 1&'9-209 *1

91%+&*), +& H0 *1 /+ 9)4(1 /)9 ;)')%(0209 *1 +&0 31/+/0 191 H0 *1 /+

7-1&1 0+21&'0*) 1 -&71('-*) 3)( +&0 /1&'1 +1 1&;)0 /0 -20%1& (19+/'0&'1

9)4(1 +&0 30&'0//0.

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P/05()'0/ *( 3-*(0

U&-71(9-*0* )23/+'1&91 *1 M0*(-*,!!= 0;-(20: “+1 19 +& *-93)9-'-7)1/1'(&-), +1 3()81'0 *-%-'0/21&'1 -2$%1&19 3()1*1&'19 *1 +&

)(*1&0*)(. O *1 +& (13()*+')( *1 DVD, /)9 1/121&')9 &1190(-)9 30(0 /0

3()81-& 9)&: C04/1 *1 0/-21&'0-&. C04/1 VGA, C04/1 *1 7-*1)> 0+*-).

P2/'(+ *( & 6/05()'0/ 

 S1%& 0('20& D. SF 13)&1 +1 L09 30('19 *1 +& 3()81')( 9)& /)9

9-%+-1&'19:

M0'0/ *( -724(&

  E9 1/ )(0& *1 ')*)9 /)9 3()81')(19 *1 7-*1). P()*+1 +&0 -20%1& 1&

1/ -&'1(-)( 30(0 9+ 7-9+0/-0-& 1& +&0 30&'0//0 1& /0 90/0. E/ 2)')( *1

-20%1& 3+1*1 +'-/-0( +&0 *1 70(-09 '1&)/)%09 *-;1(1&'19, )2) LCD

30&'0//0 *1 (-9'0/ /+-*), DLP 3()1902-1&') *1 /+ *-%-'0/ ) CRT '+4)

*1 (08)9 0'*-)9.

Ó6'-)2

  L0 3'-0 *1 +& 3()81')( *1 7-*1) (10/-0 /0 '0(10 *1 '(0&9;1(1&-0 *1 /0

-20%1& *19*1 1/ 2)')( *1 -2$%1&19 -&'1(&) 0 +&0 30&'0//0 30(0 7-9+0/-0(/09.

L09 3'-09 91 )23)&1& *1 +&0 91(-1 *1 19316)9 8 3(-9209 +1 (1;/160& 8

*-7-*1& /0 /+ 1& /)9 )/)(19 +1 /0 )23)&1&. U&0 4)24-//0 -&'1&90 4(-//0

9)4(1 /0 -20%1& )23/1'0 0 '(079 *1 )'() 19316), 8 /0 /+ 3090 0 '(079 *1 /0

/1&'1 *1/ 3()81')(. L0 /1&'1 )&'-1&1 70(-09 3-109 *1 7-*(-) +(70*),

)&)-*09 )2) 1/121&')9. L)9 1/121&')9 *1 /0 /1&'1 +(70& /0 /+ 30(0

023/-0( /0 -20%1& 8 )&'()/0( 1/ ;)).

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P12)2 ;2+(

  E9 +&0 3/00 *1 )23+'0*)(0 )& H-39 8 )23)&1&'19 1/1'(&-)9 30(0)&'()/0( /)9 3()19)9 -&'1(&)9. L0 3/00 4091 (1%+/0 71&'-/0*)(19 +1

(1;(190& 1/ 4+/4), 0-)&0 1/ 2)')( *1 -20%1& 8 /1 31(2-'1 0 /)9 +9+0(-)9

)&'()/0( /)9 06+9'19 *1/ 3()81')( 0 '(079 *1 )&'()/19 1'1(&)9.

F(&'( *( 21-7(&'2)-&

  E9'0 (1%+/0 /0 )((-1&'1 +1 7-060 0 /0 3/00 4091 8 0/ 4+/4). L0 ;+1&'1 *1

0/-21&'0-& *1 +& 3()81')( 3+1*1 19'0( )&'1&-*0 -&'1(&021&'1, ) ')20( /0

;)(20 *1 +& 0*03'0*)( *1 )((-1&'1 +1 31(2-'0 1/ *-91) *1 2)*1/)9 *1

3()81')(19 3)('$'-/19 2$9 31+1)9 8 /-%1()9.

L2 )2<2 5 10+ )0&'/01(+

  L)9 3()81')(19 '-1&1& 0609 3/$9'-09 ) 21'$/-09 30(0 3()'1%1( /)9

210&-92)9 -&'1(&)9 *1/-0*)9. L0 060 );(11 +& /+%0( 30(0 2)&'0( /0

1/1'(&-0 8 '024-& 0/41(%0 /)9 71&'-/0*)(19 +1 (1%+/0& /0 (1;(-%1(0-&.

E9'09 0609 *141& '1&1( 041('+(09 *1 1&'(0*0 *1 0-(1 ;(19) 8 *1 90/-*0 *10-(1 0/-1&'1. L)9 3()81')(19 '024-& 3+1*1& )&'1&1( 4)')&19 *1 )&'()/

1& /0 060 ) -&'1((+3')(19 30(0 70(-0( 1/ 4(-//) 8 1/ )&'(09'1 *1 /0 -20%1& )

2)71( 1/ )461'-7) 30(0 )&'()/0( 1/ 1&;)+1 8 1/ '020) *1 /0 -20%1&.

 A/%+&)9 3()81')(19 '-1&1& +& 91&9)( -&;(0(()6) 30(0 (1-4-( 910/19 *1 +&

)&'()/ (12)').

L2 1=

  S1%& A'Q-&%9, P. SQ))%, D. T-3/1(, P. !! S1 //020 /+ 0 /0 30('1 *1 /0

(0*-0-& 1/1'()20%&'-0 +1 3+1*1 91( 31(-4-*0 3)( 1/ )6) H+20&). E&

;9-0, 1/ '(2-&) /+ 91 +90 1& +& 91&'-*) 2$9 023/-) 1 -&/+81 ')*) 1/

023) *1 /0 (0*-0-& )&)-*) )2) 1931'() 1/1'()20%&'-), 2-1&'(09

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+1 /0 13(19-& /+ 7-9-4/1 910/0 1931;-021&'1 /0 (0*-0-& 1& 1/

1931'() 7-9-4/1.

P/06242)-& *( 12 1=

  S1%& M&*1 M, R18 T 8 F1(&$&*1 R, !!@ C-1(')9 +1(3)9 12-'1&

/+ 3)( 9 2-92) 8 91 *1&)2-&0& /+2-&)9)9. O'()9 &) 3()*+1& /+ 3()3-0 8

12-'1& 30('1 *1 /0 /+ +1 (1-41& 91 /19 //020 +1(3)9 -/+2-&0*)9, )2) /0

/+&0 ) +& 19316).

P)*12)9 /09-;-0( /)9 +1(3)9 &) /+2-&)9)9 1& '(19 %(+3)9:

O30)9, )2) +&0 3/0&H0 21'$/-0.

T(0&9/+-*)9, )2) 1/ 604& *1 %/-1(-&0

T(0&930(1&'19, )2) 1/ (-9'0/.

 L0 /+ 91 3()30%0 1& +0/+-1( 21*-) '(0&930(1&'1 1& /&10 (1'0, 3)*12)9

0;-(20(, 0*12$9, +1 /0 71/)-*0* *1 3()30%0-& 19 )&9'0&'1. P)( '0&') /0

/+ 1& 1/ 70) 91 3()30%0 )& 2)7-2-1&') +&-;)(21.

R(91(>-& *( 12 1=

  S1%& M&*1 M. !!@ +0&*) +& (08) *1 /+ '()3-10 )& +&0

9+31(;--1 3+/-21&'0*0 ) 19316) 19 (1H00*), 19 *1-(, (1;/160*). L0 /+ 9)/0( 

91 71 (1;/160*0 1& /0 9+31(;--1 *1 /)9 /0%)9, 1& 1/ 09;0/'), 1& +&0 3-0((0

2)60*0 1&'(1 )'()9.

P)*12)9 *1;-&-( (1;/1-& )2) /0 *197-0-& +1 131(-21&'0& /)9 (08)9 0/

-&-*-( 9)4(1 +&0 9+31(;--1 4-1& 3+/-21&'0*0.

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L(5(+ *( /(91(>-&

  S1%& M&*1 )4 -'. *0*) +& 19316), 0/ (08) +1 -&-*1 9)4(1 1/ /)

*1&)2-&02)9 (08) -&-*1&'1 8 (08) (1;/160*) 0/ +1 90/1. S- '(002)9 +&0

31(31&*-+/0( 1& 1/ 3+&') 1& 1/ +1 1/ (08) -&-*1, 19'0 (1-41 1/ &)24(1 *1

&)(20/. E/ $&%+/) *1 -&-*1&-0 19 1/ ;)(20*) 3)( 1/ (08) -&-*1&'1 8 /0

&)(20/ 1/ $&%+/) *1 (1;/1-& 19 1/ ;)(20*) 3)( 1/ (08) (1;/160*) 8 /0 &)(20/.

E-9'1& *)9 /1819 +1 (-%1& /0 (1;/1-&:

". E/ $&%+/) *1 -&-*1&-0 19 -%+0/ 0/ *1 (1;/1-&.

. E/ (08) -&-*1&'1, /0 &)(20/ 8 (08) (1;/160*) 19'$& 1& 1/ 2-92) 3/0&).

L0 /18 *1 (1;/1-& 3+1*1 03/-0(91 0 *-9'-&')9 '-3)9 *1 19316)9, )2)

71(12)9 0 )&'-&+0-&:

E+6(<0+ 612&0+

  M&*1 )4 -'. E3)&1 +1 /)9 (08)9 3()1*1&'19 *1 +& 3+&') /+2-&)9)9)& (1;/160*)9 3)( +& 19316) 3/0&) *1 20&1(0 +1 030(1&'0& 3()1*1( *1

)'() 3+&'), 9-2'(-) 0/ 3(-21(), )& (1931') 0/ 3/0&) *1/ 19316).

C+0&*) 91 )/)0 +& )461') *1/0&'1 *1 +& 19316) 3/0&), 91 )491(70 +&0

-20%1& +1 30(11 '1&1( -%+0/ '020) +1 19'0( 0 /0 2-920 *-9'0&-0 +1 1/

)461'). D1 191 )461') 30('1 -&;-&-')9 (08)9 +1 0/ //1%0( 0/ 19316) 91

(1;/160(0&. E9)9 (08)9 //1%0(0& 0/ )6) 8 91 )&1&'(0(0& 1& /0 (1'-&0, *1 ;)(20

+1 71& +& 3+&'). P)( '0&'), 1/ )6) (1-4-($ 70(-)9 (08)9 +1 30(11& 3()71&-( 

*1 +& 3+&') +1 19 1&+1&'(0 *1'($9 *1/ 19316).

E+6(<0+ (+9?/-)0+

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  M&*1 )4 -'. A;-(20 +1 +& 19316) 19;(-) 19 +1 +80 9+31(;--1 19

+&0 3)(-& 19;(-0 *-93+19'0 30(0 (1;/160( /0 /+ +1 19'$ 2$9 H+&*-*0 1& 1/

1&'() +1 3)( /)9 4)(*19. L)9 19316)9 19;(-)9 91 /09-;-0& 1& &07)9 8

)&71)9, 91%& +1 /0 9+31(;--1 3+/-21&'0*0 91 1&+1&'(0 H0-0 1/ -&'1(-)( 

) H0-0 1/ 1'1(-)(.

R1/0-)&0*) )& /) 0&'1(-)(21&'1 19(-'), /0 (1;(0-& &)9 )&*+1 0 /09

/1&'19, 21*-)9 '(0&930(1&'19 /-2-'0*)9 3)( 9+31(;--19 +(709, +80

%1)21'(0 )&*--)&0 /0 '(081')(-0 *1 /)9 (08)9 /+2-&)9)9 +1 /09 0'(07-190.

T-60+ *( 1(&'(+

S1%& M&*1 )4 -' H08 *)9 '-3)9 *1 /1&'19, )&71(%1&'19 8

*-71(%1&'19:

L(&'(+ )0&3(/4(&'(+

  08 '(19 /0919 *1 /1&'19 )&71(%1&'19: 4-)&710, 3/0&)>)&710 8

&07)>)&710 ) *1&)2-&0*0 '024-& 21&-9) )&71(%1&'1. A/ H01( 

-&-*-( 9)4(1 +&0 /1&'1 )&71(%1&'1 +& H0 *1 (08)9 /+2-&)9)9 30(0/1/)9)2) /+ 9)/0(, 91 (1)%1& 0/ 90/-( 1& +& 3+&') 4(-//0&'1, +1 91 3+1*1

7-9+0/-0( 9)4(1 +& 3031/, //020*) ;)).

L(&'(+ *-3(/4(&'(+

08 '(19 /0919 *1 /1&'19 *-71(%1&'19 +1 9)&: B-&070, 3/0&)>&070

8 )&710>&070 ) *1&)2-&0*0 '024-& 21&-9) *-71(%1&'1.

 A/ H01( -&-*-( 9)4(1 +&0 /1&'1 *-71(%1&'1 +& H0 *1 (08)9 30(0/1/)9 *1

/+, 19')9 91 9130(0&, *-71(%1& 9+9 3()/)&%0-)&19 3090& 3)( +& 3+&') 0/

+1 //0202)9 ;)) 7-('+0/. L0 /1&'1 *-71(%1&'1 &)9 1&'(1%0 +&0 -20%1& 7-('+0/

*1(1H0 8 *1 21&)( '020) +1 1/ )461').

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  P)( )'(0 30('1, 1-9'1& 1;1')9 +1 91 %1&1(0& +0&*) 1/ /1&'1 &) 91

1&+1&'(0 1& 4+1&09 )&*--)&19, '0/19 1;1')9 9)& )&)-*)9 )2) /09

;02)909 2;(//2)-0&(+ 9-1&*) 19'09 /)9 *1;1')9 +1 91 3()*+1& 1& /09

-2$%1&19, +0&*) H08 0+91&-0 *1 +&0 /1&'1 *1/%0*0, /+ 2)&)()2$'-0 8

/)9 (08)9 +1 -&'1(7-1&1& 1& /0 ;)(20-& *1 /0 -20%1& &) H0& *1 19'0( 

3(-2)9 0/ 161. N) 91 *141& 0 *1;1')9 *1 )&9'(+-& *1 /09 /1&'19, 9-&)

+1 9)& 0 0+90 *1/ ;1&21&) *1 (1;(0-&.

C2/2)'(/@+'-)2+ *(1 6/05()'0/ 

E9 +& 3()')'-3) 030 *1 3()81'0( -2$%1&19 %1&1(0*09 3)( *-93)9-'-7)9 1/1'(&-)9, 1& 19'1 09) +& 1/+/0(.

E9 *1 '-3) 3'-), 8 0+21&'0 1/ '020) (10/ *1 /0 -20%1& H09'0 +&

"!!.

P0(0 9+ )((1'0 ;+&-)&0/-*0* 91 *141 +90( +& /1&'1 *1 '-3) )&710,

1/ 1/+/0( *141 '1&1( +& $&%+/) (1') *1 @! %(0*)9, 91 *141 01(0( )

0/160( 1/ 1/+/0( +1 /0 -20%1& 3()81'0*0 '1&%0 +&0 4+1&0 &-'-*1.

E9'1 3()81')( ;+&-)&0 9-2-/0(21&'1 0 )'()9 '-3)9 *1 3()81')(19,

)2) 1/ -&120')%($;-) +1 '-1&1 +&0 ;+1&'1 *1 /+, /0 31/+/0 8 +&0

/1&'1 )&710 1/ 3()81')( )&9'(+-*) (1123/00 /0 ;+1&'1 *1 /+ 8 /0

31/+/0, 3)( /0 -20%1& %1&1(0*0 3)( +& 1/+/0( 1 -%+0/21&'1 ;+&-)&0

)& 1/ 2-92) '-3) *1 /1&'1.

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CAPITULO III

  E/ 3(191&'1 03-'+/ '-1&1 )2) ;-&0/-*0* *0( )&)1( 1/ '-3) *1

-&719'-%0-&, 1/ *-91), 09 2-92) /)9 3()1*-2-1&')9 0*1+0*)9 30(0

*190(()//0( 1/ 3()81'), 1/ +0/ //170 3)( &)24(1 “P()81')( 3'-) 30(0

1/+/0(

METODOLOGIA DE LA INVESTIGACION

T-60 *( -&3(+'-42)-&: 1/ '-3) *1 -&719'-%0-& +1 702)9 0 +'-/-0( 19 *1

'-3) ;0'-4/1, 1/ +0/ 91%& E/ M0&+0/ *1 T19-9 *1 G(0*) 8 E931-0/-0-& 8

M019'(0 8 T19-9 D)')(0/19 *1 /0 U&-71(9-*0* P1*0%%-0 L-41('0*)(, !!5,

3/0&'10: “C)&9-9'1 1& /0 -&719'-%0-&, 1/04)(0-& 8 *190(()//) *1 +& 2)*1/)

)31(0'-7) 7-04/1 30(0 9)/+-)&0( 3()4/1209, (1+1(-2-1&')9 &119-*0*19 *1)(%0&-0-)&19 ) %(+3)9 9)-0/19 +1 3+1*1& (1;1(-(91 0 /0 ;)(2+/0-& *1

3)/'-09, 3()%(0209, '1&)/)%09, 2')*)9, ) 3()19)9. E/ 3()81') *141

'1&1( 1/ 03)8) *1 +&0 -&719'-%0-& *1 '-3) *)+21&'0/, 8 *1 023), ) +&

*-91) +1 -&/+80 02409 2)*0/-*0*19 “

D-+(0 *( -&3(+'-42)-&: 1& +0&') 0/ *-91) *1 /0 -&719'-%0-& 0 03/-0( 

19 *1 '-3) 2-'): D)+21&'0/>E31(-21&'0/.

D0)7(&'21: T+/-) R02(1 "@@@ E9'04/11 +1 1/ *-91) *)+21&'0/, 19

+&0 70(-04/1 *1 /0 -&719'-%0-& -1&';-0, +8) )461'-7) ;+&*021&'0/ 19 1/

0&$/-9-9 *1 *-;1(1&'19 ;1&21&)9 *1 /0 (10/-*0* 0 '(079 *1 /0 -&*0%0-&

9-9'12$'-0 +'-/-0&*) '&-0 3(1-909 *1 /0 *)+21&'0-& 1-9'1&'1 +1

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*-(1'0 ) -&*-(1'021&'1, 03)('1 /0 -&;)(20-& 0'-&1&'1 0/ ;1&21&) +1

19'+*-0(12)9.

E>6(/-7(&'21: S1%& P0/1//0 8 M0('-&9, !"! E/ *-91) 131(-21&'0/ 19

0+1/ 91%& 1/ +0/ 1/ -&719'-%0*)( 20&-3+/0 +&0 70(-04/1 131(-21&'0/ &)

)23()40*0, 406) )&*--)&19 19'(-'021&'1 )&'()/0*09. S+ )461'-7) 19

*19(-4-( *1 + 2)*) 8 3)(+1 0+90 91 3()*+1 ) 3+1*1 3()*+-(91 +&

;1&21&). B+90 3(1*1-( 1/ ;+'+(), 1/04)(0( 3()&9'-)9 +1 +&0 71

)&;-(20*)9, 91 )&7-1('1& 1& /1819 8 %1&1(0/-0-)&19 '1&*1&'19 0

-&(121&'0( 1/ 2+/) *1 )&)-2-1&')9 31*0%%-)9 8 1/ 216)(02-1&') *1

/0 0-& 1*+0'-70.

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CONSTRUCCION DEL PROTOTIPO

M2'(/-21(+:

/-%09 S-/-& /-+-*) " 4)(*0*)( /-+-*) &1%() P-&'+(0 0/ ;(-) ) 1& 93(08 &1%() 20'1 C1/+/0( )& 30&'0//0 %(0&*1 '04/09 *1 20*1(0 *1 ! 2 *1 /0(%) "! 2 *1 0&H) " /+30 %(0&*1 U&0 9$40&0 4/0&0 + )'() 21*-) 1& +1 3()81'0(. C060 *1 20*1(0 *1 <! 2 *1 /0(%) ! 2 *1 0/') 8 "W 2 *1 0&H)

)& +& )(-;--) *1/ *-$21'() -(+&;1(1&-0/ *1 /0 /+30 1& /0 30('1

;()&'0/, )& 9+ (1931'-70 '030.

P/0)(*-7-(&'0:

P2+0 I

  P-&'0( 1/ -&'1(-)( *1 /0 060 1 -%+0/21&'1 9+ (1931'-70 '030 )& /0 3-&'+(0

&1%() 19') )& 1/ ;-& *1 ;07)(11( /0 -&'1&9-*0* *1 /0 /+ +1 12-'1 1/ 1/+/0(.

L+1%) +4-0( /0 /+30 1& 1/ )(-;--) *1 /0 060 8 )/)0( 4)(*0*)( /-+-*) 3)( /0

)(-//0 *1 /0 /+30 )& 1/ ;-& *1 17-'0( /0 ;+%0 *1 /+.

P2+0 II

  P)9'1(-)(21&'1 31%0( /09 *)9 '04/09 *1 20*1(0 )& 9-/-& *1 20&1(0 +1

19'09 ;)(21& +& $&%+/) *1 @! %(0*)9 +1 91(7-($ 30(0 20&'1&1( 19'04/1 1/

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1/+/0(. D193+9 )/)0( 1/ 1/+/0( )& ')*0 /0 -&'1&9-*0* *1 4(-//) *1 9+

30&'0//0 8 '024-& )& /0 -20%1& + )'() 0(H-7) +1 *1910 3()81'0( 1& /0

4091 H1H0 )& /09 '04/09 *1 20*1(0.

P2+0 III

  C)/)0( /0 9$40&0 4/0&0 1& +& /+%0( )& 049)/+'0 )9+(-*0* 0 +&0

*-9'0&-0 *1 0/ 21&)9 < 21'()9 *1 /0 060 80 3(130(0*0 )& 9+ 1/+/0( 1&

+&0 2190 8 12310( 0 2)71( 1/ '1/;)&) *1 20&1(0 *1 )4'1&1( 1/ 9-'-)

0*1+0*) *1&'() *1 /0 060 30(0 +1 91 3()81'1 /0 -20%1& )& +&0 208)( 

&-'-*1.

A&81-+-+ *( 10+ R(+1'2*0+

  D193+9 *1 (10/-0(91 /)9 3()1*-2-1&')9 30(0 /0 1/04)(0-& *1/

3()81')( *1 1/+/0( 8 *1 H041( -23/121&'0*) /)9 20'1(-0/19 0*1+0*)9, 91

3+*) 03(1-0( +1 1/ 3()')'-3) *1/ 3()81')( ;+&-)&0 )((1'021&'1, 9-&

1240(%), 19 -23)('0&'1 0)'0( +1 *-H) 3()')'-3) 19 *1 190/0 21&)( 8 91

*141 +'-/-0( 1& $(109 *)&*1 &) 1-9'0 %(0& 0&'-*0* *1 /+ ) /0(-*0*, *14-*)

0 +1 /0 1;1'-7-*0* *1/ 3()81')( 70 0 *131&*1( *1 /0 3)'1&-0 *1 /+ 8

'020) *1 /0 30&'0//0. A9 2-92), 91 19'04/11 +1 1/ 3()81')( 0 1/04)(0( 

&) +23/1 )& /09 2-9209 ;+&-)&19 *1 +& 3()81')( )&71&-)&0/ ) +1 91

1&+1&'(0 1& 1/ 21(0*), 9+ *-;1(1&-0 (0*-0 1& +1 /)9 20'1(-0/19

+'-/-0*)9 30(0 /0 )&9'(+-& *1 19'1 3()')'-3) &) ;+1()& *-910*)9 30(0

+23/-( /09 &119-*0*19 4$9-09 *1 +& 3()81')(.

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CONCLUSIONES

  E9'1 3()81')( +1 91 1/04)( 1& 1/ /-1) “J)9 M0(0 V0(%09 91

(10/- )& 1/ ;-& *1 3(191&'0( +& 3()')'-3) +1 3+1*0 91( +&0 )3-& ;0'-4/1

30(0 /)9 3();19)(19 8 19'+*-0&'19 0/ 2)21&') *1 +'-/-0(/) )2) +& (1+(9)

0+*-)7-9+0/ 8 09 3)*1( 9)/+-)&0( 0/%+&)9 -&)&71&-1&'19 )& 1/ +9) *1

(1+(9)9.

P)( )'(0 30('1, 91 3+*) )&9'0'0( +1 1/ 3()')'-3) +23/- )& /)9

)461'-7)9 +1 1/ %(+3) *1 '(0406) 91 H040 3/0&'10*) 1& 1/ -&--) *1/ 3()81'),

91 3+1*1 19'04/11(, 0/%+&09 *-;1(1&-09 +1 1& 1/ 0&$/-9-9 *1 /)9 (19+/'0*)9

80 ;+1()& (1;/160*09, 9-& 1240(%), 91 *141 0)'0( +1 19'1 3()')'-3)

3(191&'0*) 91 *141 +'-/-0( 9)/021&'1 1& 1930-)9 )9+()9 1& 1/ +1 &)

H080 '0&'0 /0(-*0* 8 0 +&0 *-9'0&-0 0*1+0*0 30(0 +1 /0 3()81-& 91

3+1*0 03(1-0( )((1'021&'1 3)( /)9 7-9+0/-0*)(19, 80 +1 /0 0/-*0* *1 /0

2-920 70 0 *131&*1( *1 /0 -&'1&9-*0* *1 /+ 8 /0 (19)/+-& *1 /0 30&'0//0

19'1 3()81') (13(191&'0 +&0 )3-& 2+8 ;0'-4/1 0 /0 H)(0 *1 +1(1( +'-/-0( (1+(9)9 0+*-)7-9+0/19 *14-*) 0 +1 3+1*1 08+*0( '0&') 0 /)9 3();19)(19

)2) 0 /)9 19'+*-0&'19 0 &) '1&1( /0 )4/-%0-& *1 +'-/-0( %(0&*19 9+209 *1

*-&1() 1& 1/ 21(0*) 30(0 +&0 3(191&'0-&.

  P)( '0/ 2)'-7), 1/ 1+-3) *1 '(0406) +23/1 )& /)9 )461'-7)9 '0&') %1&1(0/

)2) 1931;-) 19'04/1-*)9 1& 1/ 3()81').

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RECOMENDACIONES

> I23/121&'0( 1/ 3()')'-3) 1& $(109 1((0*09 8 *1 3)0 /0(-*0*.> E/ '1/;)&) *141 )&'0( )& +&0 30&'0//0 +1 '1&%0 +&0 /0'0

3)'1&-0 *1 /+.> L)9 0(H-7)9 *141& 91( 7-*1)9, -2$%1&19 ) %($;-)9 +1 &)

)&'1&%0& 19(-'+(09 80 +1 0/ 2)21&') *1 3()81'0(91 /09

30/04(09 91 31(-41& -&71('-*09.> E/ 3()81')( *141 19'0( 0 +&0 *-9'0&-0 3(+*1&-0/ 0 /0 30&'0//0 *1

3()81-& 30(0 +1 /0 -20%1& (1;/160*0 91 3+1*0 71( )& 4+1&0

&-'-*1.

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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

> D)/)(19, J. SF L0 3'-0. D-93)&-4/1 1&:

H''3:2.2)&)%(0;-09.)2'(0406)9?=)3'-0.9H'2/.> L-//18, S. SF X+ 19 +& 3()81')(. D-93)&-4/1 1&:

H''3:.1H)1&1930&)/.)23()81')(>9)4(1>"<5!!> B-&0&', P. C)('19, C. C09'-//) J. !!@ P()81')( -&120')%($;-).

D-93)&-4/1 1&:

H''3:19.2.-Q-31*-0.)(%-Q-3()81')(-&120')%(0;-).

> U&-71(9-*0* )23/+'1&91 *1 M0*(-*, !!= U&-*0* *1 ;)(20-&*1 31(9)&0/ *1 0*2-&-9'(0-& 8 91(7--)9. D-93)&-4/1 1&:

H''3:31&*-1&'1*12-%(0-)&.+2.19-&;)+23)&'*190(%09*)

+21&')!"<.*).> 0('20&,D. SF L09 30('19 *1 +& 3()81')(. D-93)&-4/1 1&:

H''3:.1H)1&1930&)/.)230('19>3()81')(>/-9'0#!"@5?> A'Q-&%9, D. SQ))%, D. T-3/1(,P. !! L+. D-93)&-4/1 1&:

H''3:19.2.-Q-31*-0.)(%-Q-/+> M&*1 M, R18 T 8 F1(&$&*1 R.!!@