Project Overview:Project Overview:Simulating Recreational Boating Traffic to Support Simulating Recreational Boating Traffic to Support

Maritime Planning and Policy DevelopmentMaritime Planning and Policy Development

IntroductionIntroduction Study RationaleStudy Rationale Agents and Agent-Based Agents and Agent-Based

ModelingModeling Collaborative ModelingCollaborative Modeling Project Steps and ScheduleProject Steps and Schedule

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

IntroductionIntroductionRecreational boating traffic………….Recreational boating traffic………….

is relatively unconstrained by regulations or is relatively unconstrained by regulations or environment (compared with larger vessels)environment (compared with larger vessels)

has many potential origins, routes, and destinationshas many potential origins, routes, and destinations

is dynamic (varies spatially and temporally); making is dynamic (varies spatially and temporally); making it difficult to analyze and visualizeit difficult to analyze and visualize

Consequently, traffic data are scarce and, if available, Consequently, traffic data are scarce and, if available, difficult to use for anticipating trends or changes in difficult to use for anticipating trends or changes in boating travel patternsboating travel patterns

Information about recreational boating traffic is valuable for: Information about recreational boating traffic is valuable for:

planning and policy developmentplanning and policy development – maritime risk – maritime risk assessment and boating safety; maritime protected areas assessment and boating safety; maritime protected areas planning and managementplanning and management

tourism and recreation research tourism and recreation research – exploring relationships – exploring relationships between travel patterns and destination or route between travel patterns and destination or route preferences; life-stages and, conflicts or crowding.preferences; life-stages and, conflicts or crowding.

maritime risk analysis researchmaritime risk analysis research – estimating risk – no – estimating risk – no underlying exposure layer available so risk is difficult to underlying exposure layer available so risk is difficult to assess, esp. spatiallyassess, esp. spatially

Introduction (2)Introduction (2)

How do we currently obtain information How do we currently obtain information about recreational boating traffic to about recreational boating traffic to support maritime planning and research?support maritime planning and research?

Typical approach:Typical approach:

• questionnairesquestionnaires (favorite origins, destinations (favorite origins, destinations and routes; boating frequency; boat and routes; boating frequency; boat ownership; etc.)ownership; etc.)

• boat countsboat counts (marinas, anchorages, aerial (marinas, anchorages, aerial photos; video; etc.) photos; video; etc.)

Study RationaleStudy Rationale

LimitationsLimitations

• Snapshots in time and placeSnapshots in time and place

• Do not capture the dynamic spatio-temporal Do not capture the dynamic spatio-temporal character of boating traffic or changes over character of boating traffic or changes over longer time periodslonger time periods

• Difficult to analyze interactions between Difficult to analyze interactions between vessels, or vessels and the boating vessels, or vessels and the boating environmentenvironment

• Challenging to use static boating data for Challenging to use static boating data for strategic planning or recreational and strategic planning or recreational and tourism researchtourism research

Study Rationale (2)Study Rationale (2)

Can we develop a model that represents Can we develop a model that represents the the spatio-temporal characteristicsspatio-temporal characteristics of of recreational boating travel patterns?recreational boating travel patterns?

Agent-based modeling (ABM),Agent-based modeling (ABM), a type of a type of computer simulation, has potential for computer simulation, has potential for modeling boating movements modeling boating movements

Study Rationale (3)Study Rationale (3)

The model could provide a means for:The model could provide a means for:

• improving understanding of boating traffic improving understanding of boating traffic patterns and what factors affect thempatterns and what factors affect them

• developing ‘what-if’ scenarios to examine developing ‘what-if’ scenarios to examine questions of interest to planners and recreational questions of interest to planners and recreational boating researchers boating researchers

• supporting management and resource allocation supporting management and resource allocation decisionsdecisions

• exploring the utility of ABM for planning and exploring the utility of ABM for planning and policy-makingpolicy-making

• advancing methodologies for collaborative advancing methodologies for collaborative modelingmodeling

Potential Benefits of ModelPotential Benefits of Model

Study AreaStudy Area

Proposed study area coincides with a recent Proposed study area coincides with a recent study (Gray 2008) and includes the study (Gray 2008) and includes the southern Strait of Georgia around the southern Strait of Georgia around the southern Gulf Islands, off the south-west southern Gulf Islands, off the south-west British Columbia coastBritish Columbia coast

Gray (2008) collected information about Gray (2008) collected information about boaters, their typical routes, origins, and boaters, their typical routes, origins, and destinations, boating frequency, and vessel destinations, boating frequency, and vessel types and characteristicstypes and characteristics

Map of Study Area

Darcy Gray, UVic Geography

MSc Thesis 2008

“Incorporating stakeholder preferences, attitudes, and use patterns into marine protected area planning: a case study of recreational boating in the southern Gulf Islands, British Columbia”

• Map shows motor boat route Density during summer 2007

Agent-Based ModelingAgent-Based Modeling

A type of computer simulation that models the A type of computer simulation that models the behaviour of complex systems based on the behaviour of complex systems based on the individual behaviour of individual behaviour of agentsagents and their and their interactionsinteractions with each other and their with each other and their environmentenvironment

the agents’ actions together, exhibit the agents’ actions together, exhibit aggregated patterns of behaviour aggregated patterns of behaviour

a.k.a., multi-agent systems (MAS), individual-a.k.a., multi-agent systems (MAS), individual-based modeling (IBM)based modeling (IBM)

(Bishop and Gimblett 2000; Macal and North (Bishop and Gimblett 2000; Macal and North 2006).2006).

What is Agent-Based Modeling?What is Agent-Based Modeling?

What are Agents?What are Agents?

agents are computer entities that agents are computer entities that represent individuals, households, represent individuals, households, institutions, groups, etc. institutions, groups, etc.

rules guide agents’ interactions with rules guide agents’ interactions with each other and their environmenteach other and their environment

agents can adapt, learn, and evolve agents can adapt, learn, and evolve depending on the specifications and depending on the specifications and complexity of the modelcomplexity of the model

(Bishop and Gimblett 2000; Macal (Bishop and Gimblett 2000; Macal and North 2006).and North 2006).

Agent DesignAgent Design

Agent design involves:Agent design involves:

describing logical groups of agents; agents’ describing logical groups of agents; agents’ behaviours; and decision-making methods; behaviours; and decision-making methods;

describing the hierarchical scale (e.g., describing the hierarchical scale (e.g., institution vs individual employees), the institution vs individual employees), the number of groups, and the number of number of groups, and the number of agents in the systemagents in the system

ABM combined with a geographic information ABM combined with a geographic information system (GIS) holds promise for simulating system (GIS) holds promise for simulating recreational boating traffic because:recreational boating traffic because:

• Boaters’ individual travel choice decisions, Boaters’ individual travel choice decisions, route and destination preferences, and route and destination preferences, and behaviours aggregate to produce travel behaviours aggregate to produce travel patternspatterns

• Boater-agents can respond to changing Boater-agents can respond to changing conditions in their environment (social or conditions in their environment (social or physical)physical)

• A GIS provides a ‘realistic’ situational context A GIS provides a ‘realistic’ situational context (coastline, bathymetry, locations of marinas, (coastline, bathymetry, locations of marinas, park boundaries, etc.) for boating trafficpark boundaries, etc.) for boating traffic

An ABM of Boating TrafficAn ABM of Boating Traffic

Examples of ABM: Examples of ABM: Recreation and Parks PlanningRecreation and Parks Planning

ABM is relatively new (increased use in last decade due to ABM is relatively new (increased use in last decade due to better software, faster hardware, more data storage)better software, faster hardware, more data storage)

now used in many fields (e.g., transportation, land use now used in many fields (e.g., transportation, land use planning, ecology, psychology, biochemistry, urban planning, ecology, psychology, biochemistry, urban planning).planning).

Several examples from the field of recreation / parks Several examples from the field of recreation / parks management (mainly researchers, Gimblett and Itami).management (mainly researchers, Gimblett and Itami).

Very few on-water boating examples – these are Very few on-water boating examples – these are • Box 1996 (PhD dissertation) (see online)Box 1996 (PhD dissertation) (see online)• Anwar, et al. 2007Anwar, et al. 2007; ; • Millischer et al., 2006; and Millischer et al., 2006; and • Gimblett, et al., 2001Gimblett, et al., 2001

““Conceptualization and implementation of a multi-agent Conceptualization and implementation of a multi-agent model to simulate whale-watching tours in the model to simulate whale-watching tours in the

St. Lawrence Estuary in Quebec Canada” St. Lawrence Estuary in Quebec Canada” (Anwar, Jeanneret, Parrott, & Marceau, et al., 2007)(Anwar, Jeanneret, Parrott, & Marceau, et al., 2007)

Purpose: To simulate interactions between Purpose: To simulate interactions between whale-watching boatswhale-watching boats and whalesand whales, exploring the , exploring the effects of cooperative or ‘innovator’ whale effects of cooperative or ‘innovator’ whale watching vessels’ behaviour on their success and watching vessels’ behaviour on their success and the effects of their activities on whale the effects of their activities on whale populations.populations.

Study area: Saguenay St. Lawrence Marine Park Study area: Saguenay St. Lawrence Marine Park and adjacent Marine Protected Area in the St. and adjacent Marine Protected Area in the St. Lawrence EstuaryLawrence Estuary

Researchers worked with manager of Marine Researchers worked with manager of Marine Protected Area (Guy Cantin) as well as others) to Protected Area (Guy Cantin) as well as others) to develop the model.develop the model.

Study AreaStudy Area – 277 mile stretch of Colorado River through – 277 mile stretch of Colorado River through Grand Canyon National ParkGrand Canyon National Park

AgentsAgents – private boaters, raft guides (oar, motor, dory, – private boaters, raft guides (oar, motor, dory, kayak groups, single vessels)kayak groups, single vessels)

PurposePurpose – river rafting traffic management; park – river rafting traffic management; park management; crowding, environmental impacts on management; crowding, environmental impacts on campsites; visual encounters, conflict, trip scheduling, campsites; visual encounters, conflict, trip scheduling, etc.etc.

ResultsResults – guide management decisions in resolving visitor – guide management decisions in resolving visitor use interactions, establishing limits of use and standards, use interactions, establishing limits of use and standards, and evaluating alternatives in terms of consequences of and evaluating alternatives in terms of consequences of policy actions and social, environmental, and economic policy actions and social, environmental, and economic impacts.impacts.

““The Simulation and Visualization of The Simulation and Visualization of Complex Human-Environment Interactions” Complex Human-Environment Interactions”

(Gimblett, Daniel, et al., 2001)(Gimblett, Daniel, et al., 2001)

What would an ABM of recreational boating ‘look’ like What would an ABM of recreational boating ‘look’ like and how would it function?and how would it function?

It’s a desktop It’s a desktop computer software applicationcomputer software application Has aHas a user interface user interface to specify simulation parameters (e.g., to specify simulation parameters (e.g.,

number of vessels, vessel mix, weather, season, zoning number of vessels, vessel mix, weather, season, zoning changes; site changes, facilities changes, etc.)changes; site changes, facilities changes, etc.)

A A visualization windowvisualization window to view the study area (coastline, to view the study area (coastline, islands, marinas, destinations, etc.) islands, marinas, destinations, etc.)

It would have a It would have a statistics windowstatistics window – graphs and text – that – graphs and text – that provides statistics about each run – e.g., how many vessel travel provides statistics about each run – e.g., how many vessel travel certain paths, go to certain destinations, duration at certain paths, go to certain destinations, duration at destination, etc. that you can download to a common program destination, etc. that you can download to a common program type (e.g., word, excel).type (e.g., word, excel).

What would an ABM of recreational boating What would an ABM of recreational boating ‘look’ like and function? (2)‘look’ like and function? (2)

User can change parameters and data to User can change parameters and data to explore scenariosexplore scenarios (e.g., (e.g., crowding, changes in zoning, increased volumes of boats, changes crowding, changes in zoning, increased volumes of boats, changes in boater demographics, changes in vessel mix, etc.)in boater demographics, changes in vessel mix, etc.)

Vessels move, during a simulationVessels move, during a simulation, over the study area along their , over the study area along their trip path according to the boaters’ characteristics and choices, trip path according to the boaters’ characteristics and choices, vessel characteristics, trip goals, etc.vessel characteristics, trip goals, etc.

Vessels/boaters move about andVessels/boaters move about and interact with each other and their interact with each other and their environmentenvironment to the degree we specify in the computer code to the degree we specify in the computer code (depends how detailed we get)(depends how detailed we get)

The environment could respond to changesThe environment could respond to changes - such as too many - such as too many vessels (crowded)>lessened desirability of destination>change vessels (crowded)>lessened desirability of destination>change boaters’ behaviour (e.g., move on to another destination)boaters’ behaviour (e.g., move on to another destination)

Questions?Questions?

Collaborative ModelingCollaborative Modeling

The process of incorporating decision-The process of incorporating decision-makers and stakeholders into otherwise makers and stakeholders into otherwise purely analytic modeling processpurely analytic modeling process

Provides a platform for integrating scientific Provides a platform for integrating scientific knowledge with local knowledgeknowledge with local knowledge

Decision-makers and stakeholders Decision-makers and stakeholders participate throughout the process participate throughout the process

What is Collaborative Modeling?What is Collaborative Modeling?

potential model users or people affected by potential model users or people affected by model outcomes should have the opportunity to model outcomes should have the opportunity to collaborate in model developmentcollaborate in model development

collaboration improves model relevance, utility, collaboration improves model relevance, utility, and trust in outcomesand trust in outcomes

collaborative modeling draws from participatory collaborative modeling draws from participatory research, participatory GIS, collaborative research, participatory GIS, collaborative design, computer supported cooperative work design, computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), companion-modeling, and community (CSCW), companion-modeling, and community based research.based research.

Why Use Collaborative Modeling?Why Use Collaborative Modeling?

• Set project direction – decide what questions Set project direction – decide what questions should be addressedshould be addressed

• Provide expert, local information about Provide expert, local information about routes, destinations, originsroutes, destinations, origins

• Agent Design - Characterize agents, boater Agent Design - Characterize agents, boater groups, behaviours, and decision-makinggroups, behaviours, and decision-making

• Characterize boater preferences, Characterize boater preferences, motivations, constraints, and decisions motivations, constraints, and decisions concerning travel choicesconcerning travel choices

• Data – identify or generate sources of data or Data – identify or generate sources of data or informationinformation

Opportunities for Collaboration in this ProjectOpportunities for Collaboration in this Project

• Describe and explore scenarios with Describe and explore scenarios with management or planning implicationsmanagement or planning implications

• Assess model’s utility for planning and policy-Assess model’s utility for planning and policy-making)making)

• Model evaluation (how well the model Model evaluation (how well the model functions)functions)

• Evaluation of collaborative processEvaluation of collaborative process

• Input and evaluation of user interface and Input and evaluation of user interface and software featuressoftware features

Opportunities for Collaboration in this Project (2)Opportunities for Collaboration in this Project (2)

Research Proposal

Design Collaborative Format

Conceptualize Model

Verify, Calibrate, and Validate (Evaluate)

Model

Construct Model

Develop and Run Scenarios

Evaluate Collaborative Process

Disseminate Results

Input from Boaters and

Planners

Timeline

February 2009

January 2010

March – August,

2010

September, 2010

December, 2010

PROJECT STEPS

Obtain, Clean, and Prepare Data October 2010

Research, Goals and Research, Goals and Expectations…..Expectations…..

ResearchResearch

Research creates artifacts of sufficient novelty and Research creates artifacts of sufficient novelty and usefulness so that it contributes to the growth of knowledge usefulness so that it contributes to the growth of knowledge in the discipline. This contrasts with routine work which is in the discipline. This contrasts with routine work which is important but does not add to knowledge (Weedman 2008).important but does not add to knowledge (Weedman 2008).

Academic program requires researchAcademic program requires research

Research = UncertaintyResearch = Uncertainty

Uncertainty is a characteristic of research: Uncertainty is a characteristic of research:

Uncertainty is a fundamental component of [research]. If the process Uncertainty is a fundamental component of [research]. If the process lacks uncertainty, then you can be sure it is not research, but copying' lacks uncertainty, then you can be sure it is not research, but copying' (Bucciarelli, 1994 p. 177. IN Weedman, 2008)(Bucciarelli, 1994 p. 177. IN Weedman, 2008)

The role of The role of collaboratorcollaborator forces the client to share uncertainty to a much forces the client to share uncertainty to a much greater extent than when the client has the role of greater extent than when the client has the role of customercustomer, the , the beneficiary of finished systems (Weedman, 2008).beneficiary of finished systems (Weedman, 2008).

Furthermore, there will always be uncertainty in model results (Voinov & Furthermore, there will always be uncertainty in model results (Voinov & Gaddis, 2008)Gaddis, 2008)

This study has This study has four researchfour research goals: goals:

1.1. To identify and model processes that influence To identify and model processes that influence recreational boating travel patternsrecreational boating travel patterns

2.2. To assess the utility of a collaboratively-developed To assess the utility of a collaboratively-developed agent-based model for policy development and agent-based model for policy development and planningplanning

3.3. To explore the relationship between boating traffic To explore the relationship between boating traffic and crowding, conflict, and life-course stagesand crowding, conflict, and life-course stages

4.4. ABM - To assess the effects of agent-design on ABM - To assess the effects of agent-design on outcomes and to explore ways of allowing feedback outcomes and to explore ways of allowing feedback between agents and the environment.between agents and the environment.

Research GoalsResearch Goals

1.1. What are the key factors that influence What are the key factors that influence recreational boating travel patterns?recreational boating travel patterns?

2.2. What are the relationships between crowding, What are the relationships between crowding, conflict, and life-course stages and recreational conflict, and life-course stages and recreational boating travel patterns?boating travel patterns?

3.3. What are the strengths and limitations of What are the strengths and limitations of collaborative ABM?collaborative ABM?

4.4. In what ways can ABM be used to inform policy In what ways can ABM be used to inform policy development and planning? development and planning?

Research QuestionsResearch Questions

Your GoalsYour Goals

What are your goals or expectations with What are your goals or expectations with respect to:respect to:

1.1. This project in general?This project in general?

2.2. Development of a simulation model of Development of a simulation model of recreational boating traffic?recreational boating traffic?

Beginning with the end in mindBeginning with the end in mind…………

Identifying Scenarios, Work Tasks, and Working Identifying Scenarios, Work Tasks, and Working EnvironmentEnvironment

1.1. What problems or questions could a boating What problems or questions could a boating traffic model help explore, or answer?traffic model help explore, or answer?

2.2. What planning, management, or policy-related What planning, management, or policy-related tasks might a boating traffic model assist with?tasks might a boating traffic model assist with?

3.3. Who would use this model? Who would use this model?

Question 1: Question 1: Scenario / Problem IdentificationScenario / Problem Identification

Consider some ‘what-if’ scenarios relevant to your Consider some ‘what-if’ scenarios relevant to your work and/or interests that a boating model might work and/or interests that a boating model might be able to address such as:be able to address such as:

Examples:Examples: What if boaters numbers increase / decrease What if boaters numbers increase / decrease

(implications for environment, services, facilities)(implications for environment, services, facilities) How will zoning changes affect boating traffic?How will zoning changes affect boating traffic? What if favorite destinations get too crowded What if favorite destinations get too crowded

(what is too crowded); what will the boaters do? (what is too crowded); what will the boaters do? How will you change your management strategies?How will you change your management strategies?

Question 1 (cont.): Question 1 (cont.): Scenario/Problem IdentificationScenario/Problem Identification

More examples…What-if……More examples…What-if…… Some routes get too congested (what is too Some routes get too congested (what is too

congested)?congested)? There are fewer boaters in the next 20 There are fewer boaters in the next 20

years due to demographics (aging years due to demographics (aging population)population)

Congestion pushes boaters to use shoulder Congestion pushes boaters to use shoulder seasons or destinations farther north seasons or destinations farther north (change in risk levels?)(change in risk levels?)

Question 2: Question 2: Planning or Policy Related TasksPlanning or Policy Related Tasks

Can you think of any tasks or activities you Can you think of any tasks or activities you currently do that a traffic model could currently do that a traffic model could assist with? For example:assist with? For example:

planning exercises (e.g., routine, special, planning exercises (e.g., routine, special, periodic, occasional?)periodic, occasional?)

policy-development taskspolicy-development tasks Analytical or decision-support needsAnalytical or decision-support needs

Question 3: Question 3: Who would use this model?Who would use this model?

If you had a desktop model (assuming it’s If you had a desktop model (assuming it’s relatively easy to use and understand) who relatively easy to use and understand) who in your office or organization, would use it?in your office or organization, would use it?

E.g., yourself, a colleague or assistant, an E.g., yourself, a colleague or assistant, an analyst, etc.analyst, etc.

DataData DataData

Home

Destination?

No specific destination – just cruise / motor

around – time available

BOATER-age-gender-household income-occupation-boating competency / experience-assign to boater ‘profile’-boat owner? renter?-skipper / passenger?-life-stage (single, married, children, retired, etc.)

Destination?

Destination?

HOME-address or postal code-municipality

VESSEL-vessel characteristics-# passengers?-trailered -moored

Launch Site?

Launch Site?

TRAVEL TO LAUNCH-travel time choose launch site (may depend on destination or activity)-may not choose; vessel is moored

POPULATIONLEVEL STATS-Population concentrations (population count and location)-boat ownership statistics (if avail.)-demographic trends (cohort changes)-rec boating trends-leisure trends-economic trends (e.g., fuel costs)-boat buying trends

LAUNCH SITE-locations (coordinates)-# slips (capacity)-type of launch site (marina, ramp, etc.)

OTHER DATA-Park boater numbers -Marine charts-Temporal / seasonal boating patterns-Diurnal / weekly patterns

DESTINATION CHOICE-Time available for travel -Intended activity-Weather-Currents and tides-Size / Type of vessel-Skipper competency / experience-Origin -Preferences of boaters (novelty-familiarity; solitude-social; wilderness-built)

ROUTE CHOICE-origin and destination-time available for travel-vessel type -vessel size -composition of party-weather-currents / tides-traffic characteristics-navigational constraints/traffic schemes-skipper competency / experience-destination might depend on routes available-waypoints-there and back; circular-fuzzy – drift (spatial resolution)-sail / motor – course tracks

DESTINATION-Capacity (space available)-Location (coordinates)-conditions at destination (social; services / facilities; environment)

Data NeededData Needed

• BoatersBoaters (age, gender, boat ownership; time available for (age, gender, boat ownership; time available for travel, etc.)travel, etc.)

• BoatsBoats (type, size, etc.) (type, size, etc.)

• trip origins; routes; destinationstrip origins; routes; destinations (favorite destinations; (favorite destinations; site qualities; route qualities; etc.)site qualities; route qualities; etc.)

• Population level dataPopulation level data socio-economic data and trends; socio-economic data and trends; population counts/trends; demographic data and trends; population counts/trends; demographic data and trends; trends in leisure and recreation, etc.)trends in leisure and recreation, etc.)

• Spatial dataSpatial data (marine charts; meterological data, (marine charts; meterological data, locations of docks, marinas, etc.)locations of docks, marinas, etc.)

DataData

Data GapsData Gaps

Population level data about boaters – e.g., what proportion of Population level data about boaters – e.g., what proportion of population boats regularlypopulation boats regularly

Boaters – household income (population and individual)Boaters – household income (population and individual) Individual boat ownership changes over timeIndividual boat ownership changes over time Life-stages – change in boating patterns – individual, study areaLife-stages – change in boating patterns – individual, study area Capacity of marinas, anchorages, destinationsCapacity of marinas, anchorages, destinations Time spent at destination – length of visitTime spent at destination – length of visit Services or facilities at destinationsServices or facilities at destinations Boat ownership – population level statisticsBoat ownership – population level statistics New destinations (e.g., we have common / favorite destinations – New destinations (e.g., we have common / favorite destinations –

but to model new patterns, we need a way to identify places that but to model new patterns, we need a way to identify places that would be attractive to boaters where they don’t currently go very would be attractive to boaters where they don’t currently go very much).much).

Recreation trends – boating in particular; could inferRecreation trends – boating in particular; could infer Socio-economic trends that affect boating participation (e.g., Socio-economic trends that affect boating participation (e.g.,

disposable income, demographics, etc.)disposable income, demographics, etc.) Boat buying trendsBoat buying trends WindWind Currents, tidesCurrents, tides Other marine traffic (we have MCTS – large commercial vessel Other marine traffic (we have MCTS – large commercial vessel

traffic data that includes ferries, cruise ships, large commercial traffic data that includes ferries, cruise ships, large commercial vessels) but don’t have smaller vessels – smaller fishing vessels) but don’t have smaller vessels – smaller fishing (commercial or recreational) vessels, some tug-barge traffic; (commercial or recreational) vessels, some tug-barge traffic; whale-watching vessels, etc.whale-watching vessels, etc.

Temporal patterns – e.g., diurnal, weekly, vacationTemporal patterns – e.g., diurnal, weekly, vacation

Data GapsData Gaps

Intellectual PropertyIntellectual Property

Intellectual PropertyIntellectual Property

Some questions were raised concerning intellectual property Some questions were raised concerning intellectual property (IP) issues(IP) issues

Repast (the modeling software) is free and open source – the Repast (the modeling software) is free and open source – the only constraint is that the copyright statement is shown on only constraint is that the copyright statement is shown on software and Argonne National Laboratory (the developers) software and Argonne National Laboratory (the developers) are not mentioned in products developed, without permission.are not mentioned in products developed, without permission.

UVic’s Office of Research services provides information and UVic’s Office of Research services provides information and can advise on IP issues. The UVic IP Procedures doc and can advise on IP issues. The UVic IP Procedures doc and Policy on Intellectual Property are available online at: Policy on Intellectual Property are available online at: http://www.research.uvic.ca/VPRE/ip.htmhttp://www.research.uvic.ca/VPRE/ip.htm (and in your (and in your handouts)handouts)

Thank you!

Research is supported by:

GEOIDE (Geomatics for Informed Decisions) 2005-2007

Transport Canada Scholarship in Safety and Security 2009

Thank you!

Research is supported by:

GEOIDE (Geomatics for Informed Decisions) 2005-2007

Transport Canada Scholarship in Safety and Security 2009