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1. Pre-planning stage Creation of suitable organizationStructural reorganization of administrative machinery to participate in planningEsttb: of planning procedureCreation of informationDefining objectives at various levels``

Creation of suitable organization Structural reorganization of

administrative Machinery to participate in planning Esttb: of planning procedure Creation of information Defining objectives at various levels

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Diagnostics Criteria Identification of weaknesses Existing problems Future needs Previous performance Research evidence In Asia diagnosis is done as following: Relevance Effectiveness Efficiency

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Formulation of Policy Quantification Operational and performance oriented statements Consideration of resources Spin off benefits Assessment of future needs Goods Services Incentives Costing future needs Calculations Using best available data Costing is based on long range trends Inflation Establishing priorities and target setting Resources Needs Feasibility testing Analysis of targets Targets are modified Targets are adjusted

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TYPES OF PLANNING•Macro planning•Micro planning•Perspective planning (7-15)•Medium term planning ( 3-7)•Short term planning (1-3)

Plan formulationSet of proposals for decision of authoritiesTo provide a blue print for action of various authoritiesCertain skills are required for the PurposePlan elaborationPlan expansionThis involves two stages

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Programming Dividing the plan into broad areas Each action/area is called programme Projectisation aims sub objectives/targets Project formulation Details of activities Cost and time Schedule

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Plan Implementation Execution of the project Management process Annual budget Annual plan Personnel training Incentives Accountability

Monitoring/Evaluation Systematic feedback Readjustment Revision Target resetting Change in strategies Formative evaluation Process evaluation Summative evaluation Quantitative evaluation Qualitative evaluation Evaluation of the evaluation

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Policy formulation Policy general frame work contained detailed decisions instruments of reforms/changes a political task Policy formulation Educational planner role

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Planning stage Diagnostics Criteria Identification of weaknesses Existing problems Future needs Previous performance Research evidence In Asia diagnosis is done as following: Relevance Effectiveness Efficiency

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Situation is diagnosed Future needs are assessed Goods & services Procedure for F/N Calculation of beneficiaries Estimation  Personal requirements  Material need  Physical facilities  Estimation of incentives  Ancillary services

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calculations (past trends and current costs)

what to be costed (goods and services) Main factor in costing in inflation trend Useful tool for planning (Unit cost)

Establishing priorities Mental intensive activity grading of the claims for allocations Mathematical techniques are applied Cost benefit analysis

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Grading is done of the following three categories

Future development of a system Competitors of resources Consideration of the resources Grading is done on the following

justification Dispensable Wants Musts (salaries/operational expend)

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Target setting predetermined quality or level are revised upward or downward

according to resources final stage for execution of activity Global targets (No. of persons to be

served in edu system) Detailed targets

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