DIFFERENT EDUCATION POLICIES OF PAKISTAN

First Educational Conference (1947) The first National Education Conference was held at Karachi from November 27th to December 1st, 1947.

First Education Conference was convened in 1947 in the supervision of Quaid-e-Azam.

He provided the basic guide lines for future education development.

It was also emphasis to realize the people the sense of honor, integrity and selfless services to the nation.

Dimensions Of

Education

Spiritual Social Vocational

Education conference 1947 was presided by the Education Minister of the country and Chairman of the Conference, Fazal ur Rehman.

Fazal-ur-Rehman, the Education Minister of the country proposed three dimensions of education

University Education Committe

e

Adult Education Committe

e

Technical Education Committe

e

The Conference formed a number of committees,

The reports of committees were shared in November, 1947.

Primary and

Secondary Education Committe

e

Cultural Relations Committe

e

Women’s Education Committe

e

Scientific Research Committe

e

Primary and Secondary Education Committee The Primary and Secondary Education Committee “considered it essential that a national system of education should be based on the strong foundations of free and compulsory primary education.”

It proposed separate pre-primary and primary education stages for children of ages 3 to 6 and 6 to 11.

Adult Education Committee The Committee on Adult Education pointed out that illiteracy was high at 85 percent and, at the then rate of increase of literacy, 140 years would be required to get rid of the problem.

It stated, “The primary aim of the campaign must be not merely to make adults literate but to keep them literate”.

The report recommended the following stages for the execution of a programme of adult education.

The first five years were to be devoted to

In the sixth year, about 500,000 persons were to be made literate with an annual increase of 300,000 thereafter.

Planning

Recruitment Of Teachers

Training

The major recommendations of the conference were

Education should be teamed with Islamic values

Free and compulsory education in Pakistan

Emphasis on science and technical education

Implementation

This policy could not be implemented properly due to increased number of immigrants and other administrative problems of new born country.

More or less British colonial system was continued.

National Commission On Education(1959)

The Commission was addressed by the President of Pakistan, General Mohammad Ayub Khan, on January 5, 1959.

In this commission compulsory education of 10 years was made.

Religious education be compulsory .Equal expansion for boys and girls education.

Recommendations of the commission were

1. Character building.

2. Compulsory primary education.

3. Focus on science and technical education.4. National language as medium of instruction.

5. Three-year degree program.

6. Elimination of illiteracy.

Stage 1: Compulsory at Middles Level

Stage 2: Optional at Secondary Level 

Stage 3: Research at University Level

7. Establishment of university grants commission.

8. Examination system should be combination of internal (25%) and external (75%) evaluation.

9. Religious education should be introduced in three stage i.e. 

Implementation

The National Education Commission recommendations were useful but due to the conditions of country and the situation of resources they were not applied well.

New Education Policy (1970)The revised proposals were reviewed by the committee of the Cabinet in the light of implications of the announcement by the President in his address to the nation on November 28, 1969.

The new Education Policy was finally adopted by the Cabinet on March 26, 1970.

The new Education Policy has following salient features:

Formation of national education units

Emphasis on ideological orientation

Emphasis on science and technology educationDecentralization of educational administrationEradication of illiteracy

Implementation

This policy was not implemented due to the war with India, separation of East Pakistan, and the collapse of the military government.

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Education Policy (1972) Zulifqar Bhutto announced a National Education Policy on 29 March 1972.

Salient features of this policy are

1 Promotion of ideology of Pakistan

4 Personality development

3 Equality in education

2 Universal education

Curriculum based on socioeconomic needs of the society

Integrated technical and science education

Active participation of teacher, students and parents in educational affairs

Nationalization of educational institutions

5

6

8

7

Announced free & universal education up to Class X for both girls & boys.

first phase October 1972, all public & private schools to provide free education up to class VIII

Second phase starting 1974, free education extended up to Class X.

Implementation

This policy was a good approach towards betterment, but has many drawbacks due to which it cannot be achieved thoroughly e.g. universal basic education, shift towards agro-technical studies etc.

Education conference 1947 was held in ? Ans: Karachi

Under National Commission 1959, compulsory education was recommended upto class ?

Ans: 10

All private institutions were nationalized on which educational policy?

Ans: Education Policy 1972

Activity # 1

National Education Policy (1979) Salient features of National Education Policy were announced, by the Minister for Education in October 1978.

The Draft work plan of the policy was presented to the Cabinet in December, 1978.

The Policy was announced in February 1979.

In 1979 National Educational Conference was held for reviewing the education system and developed following aims:

Fostering loyalty to Islam

Creation of concept of muslim Ummah

Promotion of science and technical education

Equal opportunities

1. Curriculum revision.

2. Merging madarsa and

traditional education

3. Urdu as a medium of education

The following strategies were suggested to achieve the goals:

4. Effective participation of community in

literacy programs.

5. Linked scientific and

technical education.

6. Separate set up for male and

female.

Implementation

This policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources.

?

National Education Policy (1992)

A National Conference was held at Islamabad in April, 1991 under the chairmanship of the Federal Education Minister.

In this Conference scholars, writers, newspaper editors, scientists, teachers and Lawyers proposals for preparing the Education Policy.

The policy framework was discussed by the Education Minister with the Education Committees of the Senate and the National Assembly.

The Policy was announced in December 1992.

The major aspect, aims and goals of National Education Policy are

1 Promotion of Islamic values through education

2 Improvement in women education

3Range of general and technical education at secondary level

Demand oriented curriculum

4

Expended span of graduation and post graduation

5

Use of AV aids promoting private sector to participate in enhancement of literacy

6

ImplementationThis policy could not be implemented due to change in political scenario of country.

No implemented

National Education Policy (1998-2010)The Prime Minister advised the Ministry of Education to design a new Education Policy in January 1998.

The first revised draft was submitted to the Cabinet on 18 February, 1998.

The Policy was announced in March 1998.

Major objectives of National Education Policy were 1. To make the Quaranic principles and Islamic practices an integral part of education system.2. To achieve universal primary education.3. To meet the basic educational needs of every individual.4. To expand the basic education.

6. Laid emphasis on diversification.7. To make curriculum development a continuous process.8. To introduce in-service training programs for betterment of education.

5. To ensure equal opportunity of higher education.

• Diversification of curriculum.• Expansion and emphasis on

technical and science education.

• Upgrading the quality of Deeni Madaras.

• Teacher training programs both pre and in service.

• Introduction of idea of multiple text book.

• Development of National Testing Services.

• Introduction of comprehensive monitoring system.

Suggestions for achievement of above goals were:

Education Sector Reforms (2005-2010)

This originated from the policy of 1998-2010 and focuses on development of human resources.

The existing Education Policy was announced in 2009

The major thrust areas of ESR are as follows:1. Free and universal primary education.2. Free text books.3. Equal access to opportunities of learning.4. Improving all aspects in quality education.

5. Introduction of new educational curricula.6. Development of training learning resources and materials.7. Offering incentives for private sector.8. Introduction of computer course at all levels.9. Strengthening of research in higher education.10. Grant for affiliation of madarsas.

11.The allocation for education would be 7% of the national GDP by 2015.12. The Literacy rate will be enhanced to 86% by 2015.13. A Bachelor degree, with a B.Ed, shall be the minimum requirement for teaching at the elementary level.14. A Masters degree for the secondary and higher secondary with a B.Ed, shall be ensured by 2018

Country World Ranking Educational Budget

Cuba #1 18.7%

Malaysia #10 8.1%

Iran #58 4.9%

India #81 4.1%

Bangladesh #119 2.4%

Pakistan #126 1.8%

Indonesia #130 1.2%

Ultimate Objectives Of Pakistan Education policies

1) Every policy of education is based on ?a) Ideology of nation b) Social Developmentc) Intellectual Development d) Skill Development

Ans: a) Ideology of nation2) The existing Education Policy was announced in ____.a) 2009 b) 2010 c) 2011 d) 2012

Ans: a) 20093) National Education Policy 1992 does not implemented due to _.a)Lack of Financial Resources b) Lack of Planningc) Political Crisis d) Administrative Problem

Ans: c) Political crisis

Activity # 2

Shakoor , A., & Azeem, M. (2011). 1947-2008 Evaluation of Elementary Education in Pakistan. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(15).

Irfan, N. (1965). Educational Policies in Pakistan: A Comparative Study. Islamabad, Pk: Institute of Policies Studies.

Khan, A. (1981). Philosophy and History of Education. Urdu Bazaar, LHR: Ilmi Book House.

Bengali, K. (1999).History of Educational Policy Making and Planning in Pakistan. Islamabad, Pk: Sustainable Development Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://www.sdpi.org/publications/files/W40History%20of%20Educational%20Policy%20Making.pdf on10/04/15

REFERENCES

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