The Principles of Organic AgricultureThe Principles of Organic Agriculture

IFOAM 2005IFOAM 2005

Organic agriculture is based on:

1. The principle of health

2. The principle of ecology

3. The principle of fairness

4. The principle of care 4. The principle of care

• Principle of health:

Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the

health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet

• Principle of ecology

Organic Agriculture should be based on living

ecological systems and cycles, work with them

and help sustain them.

• Principle of fairness• Principle of fairness

Organic Agriculture should build on relationships

that ensure fairness with regard to the common

environment and life opportunities

• Principle of care

Organic Agriculture should be managed in a

precautionary and responsible manner to protect

the health and well-being of current and future

generations and the environment.

Organic Production and Processing is based on a number of principles and ideas.IFOAM is the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. It is an‘umbrella’ organization for the organic industry, made up of nearly 800 organizationsfrom 104 countries.

The principles of Organic Farming

• To produce sufficient quantities of nutritious wholesome, high quality food

• To work compatibly with natural cycles and living systems

• To include the wider social and ecological impact within the organic production and processing systemsystem

• To enhance biological cycles by involving microorganisms, soil flora and fauna, plants and animals within the farming system

• To encourage development of an ecologically valuable and sustainable aquatic ecosystem

• To maintain and increase long-term fertility and sustainability of soils

• To maintain, promote and increase agro-biological diversity through sustainable production systems and protection of their ecological context

• To promote the responsible use and conservation of water and water conservation of water and water resources

• To use, as far as possible, renewable resources in production and processing systems

•• To create a harmonious balance between crop To create a harmonious balance between crop

production and animal husbandryproduction and animal husbandry

•• To minimize all forms of pollutionTo minimize all forms of pollution

•• To utilize biodegradable and recycled packaging To utilize biodegradable and recycled packaging

materialsmaterials

•• To allow and provide everyone involved with a quality To allow and provide everyone involved with a quality

of life that satisfies their basic needs, and furnishes an of life that satisfies their basic needs, and furnishes an of life that satisfies their basic needs, and furnishes an of life that satisfies their basic needs, and furnishes an

adequate return, within a safe, secure and healthy adequate return, within a safe, secure and healthy

working environmentworking environment

•• To support the establishment of an entire production, To support the establishment of an entire production,

processing and distribution chain which is both socially processing and distribution chain which is both socially

just and ecologically responsiblejust and ecologically responsible

•• To recognize the importance of, protect and learn from, To recognize the importance of, protect and learn from,

indigenous knowledge and traditional farming systems.indigenous knowledge and traditional farming systems.

Definition of some farming systemsDefinition of some farming systems

Traditional Agriculture

Farming methods before agrochemical, high yielding varieties & machines have been

introduced

Sustainable Agriculture Conventional AgricultureA group of agriculture systems “Green revolution” agriculture:Which are not clearly defined, monoculture of high yieldingWhich are not clearly defined, monoculture of high yieldingAiming on sustainable land use varieties, use of chemical fertilizer,e.g. LEISA pesticides, etc.

Bio-dynamic agriculture Organic

Type of Organic Agriculture

Organic Agriculture

Integrated Production

Improved conventional agriculture through reduced chemical & pessticides

ORGANIC CERTIFICATIONORGANIC CERTIFICATION

Organic Standards and CertificationOrganic Standards and Certification

• Organic certification was first instituted in

the 1970's by the same regional organic

farming groups that first developed organic

standards. In the early years, the farmers

inspected one another on a voluntary basis,

according to quite a general set of

standards. Today third-party certification isstandards. Today third-party certification is

a much more complex and formal

process. Although certification started as a

voluntary activity, the market began to

demand it for sales transactions, and now it

is required by the regulations of many

governments for any kind of an "organic"

claim on a product label.

ORGANIC CERTIFICATION

Purposes of organic certification:

• as evidence of an organic products

• as marketing instrument in premium markets

• is needed if organic products are traded world wide

• as a standard that constantly reviewed

• getting higher selling prices

• open a new market

• useless for personal consumption

• avoid consumers from abuse in the growing and

lucrative market

Certification is expensive and bureaucratic !!Certification is expensive and bureaucratic !!

1. International standard• IFOAM Basic Standard: How organic products

are grown, produced, processed and handled.• The Codex Alimentarius: A joint FAO/WHO food

standard program as a guideline for production, processing, labeling and marketing of organic products. Codex are in line with IFOAM basic standard & EU

Type of certificationType of certification

standard & EU2. National Standard

Guideline for production, processing and import of organic products including inspection procedure, labeling, marketing for the whole Europe

• EU Regulation 2092/91 for crop in 1993• EU Regulation 1804/99 for livestock in 2000

•EU regulation is fully implemented in 28 European

countries, 7 in Asian and Pasific regions, 3 in

America and Caribbean, 1 in Africa and middle east.

•Indonesia is in the process of drafting regulations

• International certification is higher than National International certification is higher than National • International certification is higher than National International certification is higher than National

certificationcertification

LOGO OF ORGANIC FARMINGLOGO OF ORGANIC FARMING

Logo EU GermanyLogo EU Germany

Turkey Ethiopia Austria Thailand

Canada France Switzerland

America Indonesia

CERTIFICATION CONDITIONCERTIFICATION CONDITION

• Conversion from conventional to organic

minimum two years.

• If they wish to produce both conventional and

organic produce, the operation should be

separated.

• All farms are subjects to inspections by • All farms are subjects to inspections by

inspection bodies or other authorities.

• Organic label can not be used for non organic

products and products that contain GMOs.

• After conversion � annual inspections

INSPECTIONSINSPECTIONS

• Inspection of documentation over purchases and

sales, livestock and medication log books etc

• Possible taking of samples

• Inspection of in and outdoor livestock conditions

• Inspection of warehouses, fields, orchards,

greenhouses and pasturesgreenhouses and pastures

• Additional inspections and on the spot

• If the operators not complying with all

requirements, their organic certification can be

withdrawn.

Certification for Organic Farming

Procedures:

1.Initially, a farm is inspected and a report is lodged with the certification review committee (CRC).If CRC recommends the farm enter the certification system , it will be placed "Under Supervision" for the first 12 months. During this time, produce or products cannot months. During this time, produce or products cannot be sold as 'Certified Organic" or as 'IN CONVERSION TO Organic".2.After 12 months , the farm may be upgraded to "In Conversion" if the second inspection is satisfactory. The farm must then complete two years "In Conversion" before it is considered for certifying as "Organic"(otherwise known as "A GRADE Organic")

3.The "In conversion“ period may be reduced - but only

where it can be demonstrated a farm during the years

immediately preceding conversion used techniques closely

allied to those of organic agriculture and which meet all

testing and inspection requirements. Whatever the length of

the conversion period, product may not be sold as "In

conversion to Organic" until a farm has been under an

inspection system for 12 months.

4.In the case of other farm activities not being certified ,

those activities must be clearly separated and the products those activities must be clearly separated and the products

must be of a different nature from the certified produces or

products. There can not be organic and non -organic growing

(parallel production) of the same species on the same

property-or on any other property under the same grower's

management or control.

5.When a defined area is certified , the remainder of the farm

must be converted to organic within 10 years.

CERTIFICATION IN INDONESIACERTIFICATION IN INDONESIA

• Departemen Pertanian : Indonesian organic

standard SNI 01-6729-2002.

• Organic process: all process from land

preparation – post harvest should follow organic

method, not shown from product already

produced. SNI was design based on the produced. SNI was design based on the

Guidelines for the production, processing,

labeling and marketing of organically produced

foods and has been modified in accordance with

Indonesian condition