Potential Building Integrated Photovoltaics Potentialités ... · Challenges −energy / business / technology / aesthetics −active solar building envelopes BIPV −appropriate

Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20131

Potential Building‐Integrated Photovoltaics

Potentialités des systèmes photovoltaïques intégrés au bâtiment

Dr. Ingrid LützkendorfIAB Weimar gGmbH

10.04.2013 Conference„The role of photovoltaics in the buildings of tomorrow – German‐French perspectives”, Paris, Environment Ministry


Construction and photovoltaic industries together for the energy revolution: Multifunctional, building‐integrated photovoltaics. www.bv‐bausysteme.de/index.php/photovoltaik

FachgruppeBauwerkintegrierte Photovoltaik


Construction Materials Technical Systems Sustainable Building

Concrete and CementCeramicsCement‐free materials

Precast TechnologyInfrastructureMeasurement andAutomation TechnologySimulation

BionicsPrefabricatedConstructionEnergyEnvironment

Institut für Angewandte Bauforschung Weimar gemeinnützige GmbH


Solar Power Branch (D) 2012

Buildings of the Future

PV‐Market in Transition

BIPV – Multifunctional Construction Element

BIPV – State of the Industry

BIPV – Obstacles

BIPV – Potential

BIPV – Tasks

Conclusion

Agenda


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Installed Capacity in Germany – 2012

quadratisch

praktisch

[Bundesnetzagentur;PHOTON 1/2013]

Total cumulativePV capacity 2012EEG‐sponsored systems:

32,663 MWp[Federal Network Agency]

number of PV installations:1,280,000

BIPV < 2 %


Conventional PV modules

© SOLON AG

PV Systemsas revenue generatorenvironmental contributionto enable energy independenceinsure against rising energy prices


Alternative BIPV

© SCHOTT AG

PV Systems integrated into buildings active solar building envelopes

© Sonnenhaus‐Institut e. V.


Buildings of the Future

Buildings fromenergy‐users

energy generators

Solar surface area indicates the energyneeds of buildings

©SCHOTT Solar AG


Buildings of the future

Buildings of the future should:

exhibit the highest levels of energyefficiency

EU Building Guidelines: nearly zero‐energy buildings after 2021

make use of energy generationpotential available on site

feed energy in to the grid

©SCHOTT Solar AG


PV Market in Transition

Central role of solar energy in construction

without BIPV,no Energy‐Plus buildings possible

Taller buildings (ie. with proportionally less roof surface) can only meet the new criteria if they integrate photovoltaic andsolar thermal systems into the building façade.

Challenge for building integrationenergy saving + energy generatingbuilding components for the façade and roof

© SCHOTT Solar AG


Future market for BIPVNew market potential for construction and PV industries

prerequisite:

conventional PV module multifunctional PV buildingcomponent

generateselectricity

fulfills all functions as a buildingcomponent, as well as+ generating electricity

PV BIPV


The PV module replaces the equivalent conventional building element

Roofing tiles PV‐Building Components

Multifunctional Integrated PV BuildingComponents

© Würth Solar


BIPV Market Offerings

New buildingsBIPV in renovations− ventilated curtain façades− roof refurbishment− construction of additional stories− balcony railings − shutters− awnings


PV Market in Transition

BIPV‐Potential: [BVBS/FG BIPV]− approx. 3,000 km² external building surface area – façades and roofs

− approx. 300 GW PV capacity− approx. 900 Billion € potential sales volume, 1/3 of which is building industry‐related

© SCHOTT Solar AG© SCHOTT Solar AG


Lack of information, false information, preconceptions, lack of building code certification uncertainty for manufacturers, investors, planners and regulators

Communication deficit (collaboration / readiness to compromise)

Overestimated costs, high capital costs, greater planning effort required

Lack of technical specifications and datasheets

Lack of standardized test procedures for PV building components

Obstacles to BIPV Application (1)


PV Systems ostensibly regulated under electrical safety and performance Building code requirements not covered

Lack of accreditation for PV building elements− at present, no PV façade element (D) has obtained an abZ

(‘national techical approval‘)

− permits for construction have complex requirements,and involve greater effort and cost

− alternative ZIE ‘approval on a case‐by‐case basis‘

Cost caps for residential building grants

No authoritative framework (Politics, EEG, …)Property managers/developers need to be able to make projections – BIPV requires exact timing

Obstacles to BIPV Application (2)


Feature Roof Integration Façade Integration

Level of standardisation high gering

Energy yield 80 % ‐ 100% ≤ 70 %

Planungsaufwand moderate high

PV‐Module Type standard special

Design sophistication high very high

Building Code (in Germany) Regulated [BRL B, part 2] : systems up to 2m2

[BRL B, part 2]

abZ (ZiE) required

Building‐Integrated PV – Market offerings

© Sonnenhaus‐Institut e. V.

Comparison of roof‐ and façade‐integrated PV system[using H. Hartwig/Ernst Schweizer AG]


Architecture

© SOLARWATT

Goal: “energy generating” building envelope components

Attractive design, or cheap power generation?

BIPV needs mass‐produced building envelope componentsPrefabricated house manufacturers (Japan):Economies of scale serial fitting of houses with PV systems,heat pumps, ventilation systems, and thermal‐bridge free insulation

BIPV needs “Harmony” /attractive architecture


Architecture

„Photovoltaicsonly have a future if they can be

harmoniously integrated into architecture.”

© AIG Gotha GmbH


Architecture

„Photovoltaicsonly have a future if they can be

harmoniously integrated into architecture.”

Charles FrittsPhysiker 1880

© AIG Gotha GmbH


Architectural integration of BIPV – entirely possible

Active solar building components as a synthesis of technology and aesthetics enable:− new forms of architectural expression− new user comfort− sustainability

BIPV = a challenge for creative architects

Design Integration


PV Technologies / Materials

Crystalline Silicon Thin Film ‐ glass‐film‐module aSi/μcSi/ CdTe/CIS/CIGS ‐ glass‐glas‐module on glass, metal or plastic

Organic PV ‐ Polymers ‐ low‐molecular(‐ pigment cells)

Effiency (modul)16 – 20.4 %

Effiency (modul)7 – 14.5 %

Effiency (modul)

5%

[DGS, Daten aus diversen Quellen, 09/2012]

© Würth Solar

© CENTROSOLAR

© Biohaus © BELECTRIC


Use Design Freedom!

© ISET

Multiplicity of modules, as well as innovative and light mounting systems on the market

Many formats, shapes, designs; transparent, coloured, and even flexible modules

Dummy‐modules for lips andshaded areas

Module installation according to the specific type: Glass‐Film module, VSG‐Thin Glass module, VSG Insulated Glazing module


Glass‐Glass‐Module

Glass‐Film‐Module

Photovoltaik‐Bauelemente / Konstruktion

FlexibleM.on various backing materials

© flexcell

© ertex‐solar

© biohaus

Development potential, e.g. application of thin glass (≤ 2,6 mm)

© SCHOTT AG


Construction Systems

© SOLARWATT

© Solarwatt

© alwitra

© Solarwatt

Module frame =

mounting system


Cartridge Modul Soltecture

© sulfurcell


BIPV in the Modernisation of ExistingBuilding Stock

© AIG Gotha GmbHArchitekten + Ingenieurewww.aig‐gotha.de

StoVerotec PV‐Panel withWürth Solar CIS‐Modul


New Perspectives: OPV

First OPV project in Europe: Advertising towerBELECTRIC /mainova AG + Partner SOLARTZENSIONFrankfurt /M., 2013

© Belectric

Organic PhotovoltaicsReadily integrated into the production process for conventional building components

Printing techniques make it relatively inexpensive

Flexible, transparent, light

Better light utilization than crystalline Si

Good thermal coefficient


©Riffel, HeidelbergCement

© TiComTec GmbH

Prefabrication

© Ertex Solar

© Ertex Solar


Noise Attenuation Walls, Parkades,Stadiums, ...

Wallisellen TNC Feldmeilen, © hwp

© CENTROSOLAR

© Conergy

© alwitra


Building products guideline

Building law− Building rules list (BRL)− State building codes (LBO)

Land development plans

Design statutes

Heritage protection law

Energy business law

German roofing trade rules

Standards ...

BIPV ‐Many Regulatory Requirements

© SOLARWATT© SCHOTT Solar AG


BIPV ‐ Opportunity and Challenge

Innovation through cooperation ofbuilding industry + solar industry (as manufacturers ofsemi‐finished products)

multifunctional building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)

Active solar building envelopes make a contribution to:− cost recovery− reducing building operating costs

As a part of the system technology – positive influence on the overall energy efficiency of a building (reduction in the primary energy needs); enables the ‘Plus’ in a “Plus‐Energy House”


Tasks BIPV

Improve knowledge and acceptance of BIPV by − Customers – easing technology anxiety − Planners – Multipliers

Architects and solar power engineers need more knowledge about the effectiveness and cost implications of their design decisions

Utilization and kommunication of the multifunctionalityof BIPV

Compelling design

Early interdisciplinary, cross‐trade collaboration

Clarification of interfaces between all trades


From time and cost intensive case‐by‐case solutions to standardized BIPV building components

System integration instead of component addition

Use of existing installation methods + distribution channels

Complete system packages„BIPV+“ hassle‐free packages for installers

Guarantee and Service packages

BIPV Tasks

© SOLARWATT


BIPV as a ‘building product’ requires: − Clear guidance, building regulation‐relevant inspection specifications for technological development

− Development of testing protocol

Provision of characteristic data for BIPV

Documentation in product datasheets

Building legislation for safety and technological regulations and standardsEN 50583 – Photovoltaics in buildings ‐ references to 53 other EU‐standards

Regulation of decentralized utilization in energy and property law BIPV becomes economical through higher direct use/private consumption

BIPV Tasks


Reliable political framework, planning reliability

Good exemplary projects

BIPV Tasks

© ARNOLD GLAS© Schott Solar


Architects and planners win multiplier

− Conference talks, architect workshops, signal project

− Architecture competitions

− BIPV integrated into project proposals/bids mandatory engagement of the participants with BIPV

Marketing Tasks for BIPV


BIPV – Conclusion (1)

Energy Revolution?! Meeting climate change and energy security goals through the energy‐optimization of buildings

BIPV ‐multifunctional, active solar building envelopes

Sustainable solar architecture+ energy generating building envelopes+ constructive solutions+ compelling design

BIPV‐Potential existsDesign

Funktion

Construction

BIPV


BIPV ‐ Potential

SOLTECTURE

Centrosolar

SOLARWATT SOLARWATT

Masdar PVSun Technics

iRoofalwitra

SCHOTT

AIG Gotha GmbH

alwitra


BIPV – Conclusion (2)

Opportunity− BIPV Sustainable buildingThe focus is not primarily on the generation of electricity, but on the multifunctional building element to envelopes

− New market potential for the building and PV industries

Challenges− energy / business / technology / aesthetics− active solar building envelopes BIPV− appropriate multifunctional products for various building applications, shapes, functions and construction methods

Building + Photovoltaic + R&D sectorsworking together to enable an energy revolution ‐ and BIPV


© T. Borkovic © NASAED01‐0209‐3, Nick Galante/PMRF


Thank you for your attention!

Dr. Ingrid Lützkendorf0049 / 3643 / 8684 ‐137i.luetzkendorf@iab‐weimar.de

© AIG Gotha GmbH

Merci pour votre attention!


Raising more awareness of BIPV− common communications strategy

“Aktionsbündnis für eneuerbare Energien”, 12.03.2013

PV Symposium in Bad Staffelstein, 100 representatives of the sustainable energy ministries of Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, and the Netherlands –R&D, communications agencies, corporations, unions, and journalists

http://www.pr‐krampitz.de/de/aktionsbuendnis

Marketing Tasks for BIPV

Documents

Potential Building Integrated Photovoltaics Potentialités ... · Challenges −energy / business / technology / aesthetics −active solar building envelopes BIPV −appropriate