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BIPV, BUILDING MEETS PV [email protected],
INNOVATION PROGRAM MANAGER FLANDERS
PV IN 2014 – AN OVERVIEW
China
record
capacity
added
10.6 GW
Top 3
markets
China
10.6
Japan 9.7
USA 6.2
Global
capacity
added
38.7 GW
EU: 7 GW
Total
installed
capacity
177 GW
Electricity
produced
World 1 %
EU 3.5%
Italy 7.9 %
Greece 7.6 %
Germany 7.1 %
Belgium 3%
Market
growth
2013 data
Asia +170%
Europe-
40%
Source: IEA PVPS, 2014 Snapshot of Global PV Markets
Top 3 EU markets
UK 2.3 GW
Germany 1.9 GW
France 0.9 GW
PV: A YOUNG AND FAST GROWING INDUSTRY
www.epia.org
3
CAGR (2004 – 2014): 44%
99% of capacity
installed since 2004
>50% in last 3 years
BELGIAN ELECTRICITY MARKET NOW & FUTURE
4
TOTAL NET ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN BELGIUM (67.6 TWH)
+ 17.6 TWh net import
Nuclear
Wind
330 MW
325 MW
266 MW*,
350 MW*
224 MW*
216 MW
288 MW*
246 MW*
TOTAL: 2.245 MW
OFF-SHORE
Other
Mainly solar
Thermal
Hydro
The Challenge:
80% less CO2-emissions
by 2050 (EU + G8)
PV MARKET ANSWER
Adding 500MWp capacity per year adds 500GWh electricity production
Starting from 3000MWp now, this will lead to ± 20GWp in 2050, or 20TWh (25% of
current electricity consumption)
And will take the area of 2 average Belgian communities
Do we have the space?
5
A BACK OF THE ENVELOPE CALCULATION
Historical data Flemish installations
JUST ANOTHER REASON
EV Consumption ~300Wh/mile (190
Wh/km)
15000 km/yr 2850 kWh
can be covered with PV-installation of
+- 3kWp (18% 16m²)
For sake of comparison
The same energy input 2850kWh
would take the average diesel car only
5000km
A typical household: 3500kWh/yr
BIPV CHALLENGE
New EU legislation
All new public authorities buildings:
nearly zero-energy buildings by end 2018
All new buildings:
nearly zero-energy buildings by end 2020
Huge challenge... and opportunity for building integrated PV
THE BIPV CHALLENGE
BIPV COULD COVER 50% OF EU POWER DEMAND
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
-
50
100
150
200
250
Austr
ia
Belg
ium
Bulg
aria
Cypru
s
Czech R
epu
blic
De
nm
ark
Esto
nia
Fin
land
Fra
nce
Germ
any
Gre
ece
Hu
nga
ry
Irela
nd
Ita
ly
La
tvia
Lithu
ania
Lu
xe
mbo
urg
Ma
lta
Ne
therl
and
s
Pola
nd
Port
ug
al
Ro
man
ia
Slo
vakia
Slo
ven
ia
Spain
Sw
ede
n
Un
ite
d K
ing
dom
TWh BIPV potential (roof & façades)
Residential
Non Residential
Roofs Facades
Source IEA PVPS T7, EPIA, Becquerel Institute
Demand coverage (%)
WHAT IS BIPV?
BIPV
= multi-functional PV component: fulfills all functions required as a building component
+ generates electricity
Cost EUR/m2 not EUR/Wp
Response to indirect light (facades)
ADVANTAGES
Esthetics, flexibility in pattern definition
More surface available
Low balance of system cost
Reduced labour cost
Better use of existing mounting and grid infrastructure
Order made
automated
production
REQUIREMENTS FOR BIPV
Meet energy regulations (NZEB, min. share RE)
Meet building norms
Esthetics prime
Dimensional freedom
Look (color, transparency, graphic appearance, ...)
But efficiency more important than ever
Focus on cost
Ease of installation (plug & play)
Ease of procurement
Ease of design of the implementation (architect, installer, ...)
ESTHETICS PRIME
15
POL
(C) IMEC 2014
Polycrystalline Si-PV
(c) Imec 2014
16 (C) IMEC 2014
Monocrystalline Si-PV
(c) Imec 2014
17 (C) IMEC 2014
Thin Interconnects
Source: Meyer Burger (c) Imec 2014
18 (C) IMEC 2014 Source: Swiss INSO
Colour
19 (C) IMEC 2014 Courtesy: CanadianSolar Courtesy: Sunpower
Back Contacts
(c) Imec 2014
20 (C) IMEC 2014
Thin Film PV
(c) Imec 2014
21 (C) IMEC 2014 (c) Imec 2014
Transparency
22 (C) IMEC 2014 (c) Imec 2014
Bespoke dimensions/design
Courtesy Soltech
YIELD & COST
ENERGY YIELD OPTIMIZED MODULES CONTINUOUS MODELLING- TECHNOLOGY VALIDATION CYCLE
ENERGY YIELD • What-if simulations
• Accurate and fast prediction for non-
ideal conditions
MODULE TECHNOLOGY • Advanced cell interconnection
• Failure mechanism-Novel material
reliability
• Focus on Glass-Glass modules
Integrated functionality “Smart
modules”
CELL
TECHNOLOGY
COST – APPLICATION
FOCUS • Detailed cost calculation
to guide process and
technology selection
PV INTEGRATION IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT
BIPV DEMONSTRATORS AND FACILITIES
Back-contact (“ MWT ”) Si-PV modules facades, rooftile … / improved esthetics / higher efficiency / cost-effective Si-PV
Thin film - PV facades / semi-transparent / color-on-demand
Testing and modelling interaction PV <-> building Hygrothermal & mechanical / model & lab validation
BIPV: A PERFECT MATCH?
Needs further validation beyond traditional metrics
PV metrics:
Energy-yield in non-standard positions and configurations
Cost per m² instead of per Wp
...
Building element metrics:
Insulation quality
Weather-resistant
Safety requirements
...
BENEFITS
Benefits for Society
Larger deployment of PV
More surface available for PV integration
Esthetic integration
Production is more evenly spread beneficial for grid stability
...
Benefits for Flanders
Reduced dependence on energy import
Construction industry is marked by
Just in time
Local standards
Customer oriented (made to measure)
Local production of energy, reaching EU-targets
Local production of energy production devices (BIPV)
Lower working capital needed
Avoid changing import regulations
...
CHALLENGES
Price competition with BAPV Focus on added value (esthetics, ...)
Reduce cost
Of production: standardization, mass customization, automation
Of installation: plug and play
Subsidies...
Low volume (& high costs) Mass customization (of larger BIPV elements)
Standard BIPV elements modular, complemented with dummies
Perceived risks Create confidence (lifetime, yield models, ...)
Put in perspective
Provide remediation (ease of replacement, upgrade, ...)
Market access Value chain: build bridges, create ‘system’-like offering (avoid recurrent engineering)
Qualification of processes instead of products
Regulation
Collective hangover Create stable investment climate
Get over it!
Flanders PV
Innovation Initiative
CLUSTER PV R&D IN FLANDERS
▸ Smart grid
▸ PV systems
▸ Grid integration
▸ PV system
electronics
▸ Smart grid
▸ Energy yield
estimation
▸ Reliability
▸ PV-Materials
development
▸ Energy storage
materials
COVERING THE WHOLE PV INNOVATION VALUE CHAIN
FOCUSING ON NEW PV SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Energy
Ville
▸ Solar cell technology
▸ Energy yield estimation
▸ Smart modules
▸ Solid state storage
EXAMPLES
Wienerberger + Soltech : KoraSun
SOLTECH + ETERNIT: SOLESIA
Eternit + Soltech : Solesia
SAPA + SOLTECH
Sapa
Reynaers
AERspire
CONCLUSIONS
PV future looks very bright
BIPV is a future growth driver with a strong local impact
A close collaboration between PV industry and building industry is
needed.
BIPV is already happening now, and future technologies provide a further
adaptation to building industry’s needs
R&D is ready to support developments
40