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David Mueller EUPVSEC München, 21.06.2016
OPV IN MASS BIPV APPLICATIONS
1668 founded
HEALTHCARE, LIFE SCIENCE
& PERFORMANCE MATERIALS
66 countries
50,000 employees
€1.7 bn invested in R&D
in 2014
€11.3 bn sales in 2014
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 2
Next generation PV - Paradigm Shift
Additive continuous processes, large area
Material driven (tailor-made)
Flexible, short production runs
Low cost R2R printing
Subtractive batch processes, small area (wafer)
Process driven
Fixed, long production runs
High equipment and infrastructure costs
“one” material (Si) “indefinite” materials
Source: Wikimedia*
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 3
Large market segments
1 2 Building-integrated PV (BIPV) Light-weight rooftop
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 4
OPV formulations are designed to be printed from solution
Different color of final film achieved by formulation design
Listen to our end-customers…
Color of OPV
© Deutscher Pavilion Expo 2015 Milano / Stefano Oppo
Architects demand
gray!
Stable modules with grey reaching >6%
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 5
BIPV projects - completed
African Union in Addis Abeba
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 6
OPV is PV, but PV is different to what many think of “PV”
Complying with existing design rules
BIPV projects - prototypes
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 7
More Details: Stephan Wieder’s Special Introductory Presentation Wed 17:00 *
“OPV 2.0” is on the horizon…
Literature data: cell efficiency for SJ OPV cells versus time
Significant scientific progress in recent years
20,0
13,0
11,2
7,36,3
0
5
10
15
20
+33%
hypothetical
PCE [%]
end 2016 Q1/2016 2015 2014
?
Hypothetical practical limit based on assessment by Prof. Huo, ICCAS, Peking
Extrapolates efficiency of latest results (10,78%) assuming improved JSC of 22 mA, VOC of 1,0 V and FF of 80%
estimate
Let’s squeeze out everything:
* 3CO.8.1 Industrialization of OPV S. Wieder, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 8
Market pull
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 9
Net zero energy buildings are one of the most powerful drivers to reach CO2 emission goals
Buildings are responsible for ~ 40% of the EU CO2-emissions
40%
Global floor area increases by factor of 1.73 from 2010 to 2050*
1.73
* Note: population only increase by a factor of 1.34
Increase of energy consumption per German household from 2012 to 2013
3.3% 320
70
270
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Energ
y c
onsum
ption k
Wh/m
² y
ear
Exis
ting/o
ld
nZEB
Passiv
e
EnEV 2
009
Source: EU, OECD, DESTATIS
75
%
Average 2013
Private buildings in Germany
added buildings
must compensate?!?
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller
10
Recent study confirms huge BIPV potential in Europe
Adel El Gammal et.al. Technical Evaluation of BIPV power generation potential in EU-28
The BIPV market potential for building surfaces in EU 28 is > 1000 km²
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 11
…but basically unexplored!
In Germany only 2-4% of the installed PV capacity was BIPV. In 2013, 0.4 GW were generated worldwide using BIPV
In Germany the BIPV market potential for building surfaces alone is estimated at ~340 km2* amounting to an installation peak capacity of approx. >50 GW
WHY?
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 12
Product
Current products often not inline with traditional design rules and aesthetic demands
High product(ion) costs due to low volume market and unfueled learning curve
Inadequate or missing standards, certification & regulatory schemes
Value Chain
Fragmented value-chain, no integrating association and roadmap established
Business structure mostly incompatible with classic PV, need to develop autonomous eco-system
End-market (architects) still unaware of BIPV possibilities
Macro-Economically driven
Inherent long-term type ROI unattractive for mainly institutional real estate investors / developers (tie
up of capital) => not micro-economically preferred
Conservative construction industry with long innovation cycles
Lower ROI as PV due to suboptimal operation and high customization level
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 13
Gaps / obstacles for BIPV
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 14
The good news for Europe
BIPV is a local-to local market
EU28 FLAT GLASS [tons]
PRODUCTION 8 289 790
Apparent Consumption 7 752 741
EXPORTS Extra-EU 864 293
IMPORTS Extra-EU 327 244
Exports/Imports 2.6
Every façade and every window is more or less different => customization
Construction industry is very traditional and local
So is the glass industry where flat glass is customized in proximity to the glass manufactures
Source : Members of Glass Alliance Europe (GAE)
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
• Technology-neutral
• Defines energy requirements for renovated and new buildings
Energy Efficiency Directive
• Technology-neutral
• Accelerates renovation
RES Directive
• Technology neutral
• Requires more RES on buildings
Construction Products Regulation
• Facilitates trade of construction products in the EU
Eco-Design Directive
• Design requirements for marketing of products
Energy Labelling Directive
• Information to consumers about energy efficiency of products
Technology neutral Technology specific
15
…and there will be strong regulative frameworks in place BIPV Task-force
adapted from
BIPV: Green energy for all types of buildings (new & existing!) and aesthetical needs
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 16
BIPV is a key enabler to complete the road towards full EPBD implementation
Today: renewables in buildings are “nice to have”
Current and near future efficiency standards mainly
reached by traditional passive elements
Status 2021: renewables are key enabler
Innovative, active building components such as
BIPV are essential to reach nZEB levels
Integrated PV roof Semi-transparent PV Flexible & lightweight PV
Local-to-local Biz Substantial CO2 savings Resource efficient Excellent life-cycle Pays back
Opaque PV Façades
Provide large solution space
BIPV Task-force
adapted from
Potential issues
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)
new & innovative solutions
Cost-optimality biased towards
mature technologies
EPBD target
implementation
Sudden strong demand
prerequisite
Unlock potential of new & innovative solutions:
Economy of scale & price reduction
Investment security
Prioritize innovation ?
Certainty of directive
• How and to which extend will the directive foster the necessary innovation and market implementation?
• Or more practically: how easy will it be for building owner to go around the regulation? => Improve certainty of directive and incentivize innovative technologies
e.g. triple glazed windows, ventilation systems with heat recovery and BIPV
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 17
BIPV Task-force
adapted from
© SCHMIDHUBER / Milla & Partner / NÜSSLI
THANK YOU & let’S discuss!
OPV in mass BIPV applications - EUPVSEC 2016 - Dr. David Mueller 18
Head of PV Marketing
Application
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DISCLAIMER
DR David Mueller