Postgraduate Module Handbook

Nationalism and Ethno-Religious Conflict

2015-2016

Module Team

Module team:Eric Kaufmann, e.kaufmann@bbk.ac.ukBarbara Zollner, b.zollner@bbk.ac.uk

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Contents

IntroductionModule Aims and ObjectivesBackground ReadingMoodle

Module Syllabus

Reading List

Assessment

Reading Week and Workshop Week

Further information on studying at BirkbeckTeaching arrangements and attendanceAvailability of lecturers and seminar leadersTutorsBirkbeck Library Get Ahead: Stay AheadMitigating CircumstancesProblems affecting studyDisability advice and supportLearning support officerStudent feedback

Annex: Birkbeck Plagiarism GuidelinesAnnex: Assessment RequirementsAnnex: Policy on the Recording of Lectures and Other Teaching Sessions

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Introduction

Module Aims and ObjectivesThis course aims to enable students to develop a good understanding of the concepts of ethnic group and nation, and their performative correlates, ethnicity and nationalism; to acquire an understanding of a range of models for analysing ethnic, national and religious conflict, and to apply these analytical models to case studies across space and time.

Students graduating from the course will be able to:

Understand the strengths and weaknesses of the dominant theories of nationalism and ethno-religious conflict

Apply these theories to concrete historical and contemporary cases Demonstrate detailed substantive knowledge of national, ethnic and religious

conflicts in several settings Demonstrate cognitive skills, including critical evaluation and analytical

investigation Make presentations and engage in critical discussion

Background ReadingSeveral books provide useful background reading for this course. The annotated list below details a number of texts which we will be using over a number of sessions of the course.

Students may wish to acquire the following texts, which are used in many sessions of the course:

Smith, A. D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1994. Nationalism. (Oxford: OUP). Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1996.Ethnicity. (Oxford: OUP).Özkirimli, U. 2010. Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. (Basingstoke: Macmillan). Spencer, P. and Wollmann, H. (eds.) 2002. Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. (London: Sage).Horowitz, D L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. (Berkeley: University of California Press). Kaufmann, E. (ed.). 2004. Rethinking Ethnicity: Majority Groups and Dominant Minorities. (London: Routledge).

Moodle This module uses a virtual learning environment known as Moodle, which contains electronic copies of module-related materials, such as PowerPoint presentations and selected readings. Moodle will also provide the principal means of electronic communication between lecturers and students and provide a platform for essay submission and marking. The Moodle base for this module can be accessed at the following address: http://moodle.bbk.ac.uk by logging on with your ITS username and password (which you should receive when you have enrolled at Birkbeck).

There is also a dedicated Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict context course website: http://www.sneps.net/t/BBK.htm. The course website allows you to download

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powerpoint lectures and required (and other) readings for each week. You should visit this site regularly for information about the course, announcements and messages from course tutors or other students. Podcasts and other links to electronic content also appear on the site. There is also a dedicated twitter account for nationalism students at Birkbeck: @nationsbbk. The hashtag for this module is #nationsbbk1, use this to post discussions, links or comments to the class, or to find all posts concerning the class.

Other websites that may be useful include the following:

1) ASEN (Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism) - The world's largest nationalism and ethnic studies organisation. Based at LSE. Holds frequent seminars, as well as conferences. It is worth becoming a member if you can afford the modest fee (please enquire on-line or with me). Website: http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/ASEN/Default.htmASEN YouTube lecture series: http://www.youtube.com/user/ASENevents/videos

2) Will Kymlicka's Homepage - This provides links to sites of interest in major subfields of the nationalism, ethnicity, multiculturalism and citizenship literature. Website: http://qsilver.queensu.ca/~philform/democracydiversitylinks.html

3) Nationalism Project website - extensive links, book reviews, bibliography, on-line essays and more. Address: http://www.nationalismproject.org

4) Minorities at Risk Project - The Minorities at Risk (MAR) Project is a university-based research project that monitors and analyzes the status and conflicts of politically-active communal groups in all countries with a current population of at least 500,000. Address: http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/

5) Association for the Study of Nationalities - Major scholarly association devoted to the study of ethnicity and nationalism in Europe and Eurasia. Address: http://www.nationalities.org/

6) Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations - The major academic body in the UK for the research and teaching of aspects of race, migration and ethnic relations. Address: http:/www.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/crer_rc

7) Initiative on Ethnic Conflict Resolution (INCORE) - Important organisation involved in the study of peace, conflict and community relations. Address: http:/www.incore.ulst.ac.uk

8) Association for the Study of Nationalities (ASN) - Largest US-based organisation for nationalism studies. Especially focused on Eastern Europe and Central Asia. http://www.nationalities.org/

9) H-Nationalism (listserv/discussion group) - Live discussion of issues in the subject, as well as a place to post queries. - H-NATIONALISM@H-NET.MSU.EDU

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Module Syllabus

Week beginning Lecture28-Sep-15 Definitions and Theoretical Overview

05-Oct-15 The Development of the State

12-Oct-15 The Origin of Ethnic Groups

19-Oct-15 Theories of Nationalism

26-Oct-15 State Nationalism, Nation-Building and Commemoration

02-Nov-15 Reading Week

9-Nov-15 Workshop Week

16-Nov-15 Multi-Ethnic Nations and Multi-National States

23-Nov-15 National Identity: Ethnic or Civic?

30-Nov-15 Secession and IrredentismBreak

11-Jan-16 Separatism, Ethnic Violence and Genocide

18-Jan-16 Micro-foundations of Civil War: Outbidding, Spoilers, Militias

25-Jan-16 Democratisation and Ethnic Parties

1-Feb-16 Secularisation Debate

8-Feb-16 Reading Week

15-Feb-16 Workshop Week

22-Feb-16 Religious Movements and Nationalism

29-Feb-16 Militant Islamist Movements

07-Mar-16 Summary

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Reading List

Background ReadingHorowitz, D L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press).

Kaufmann, E. (ed.). 2004. Rethinking Ethnicity: Majority Groups and Dominant Minorities (London: Routledge).

Özkirimli, U. 2010. Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (Basingstoke: Macmillan).

Smith, A. D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1994. Nationalism (Oxford: OUP).

Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1996.Ethnicity (Oxford: OUP).

Spencer, P. and Wollmann, H. (eds.) 2002. Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (London: Sage).

Sutherland, C. (2012). Nationalism in the Twenty-first Century: Challenges and Responses (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York, Palgrave Macmillan).

Readers and Reference Books:Coakley, J. (2012). Nationalism, Ethnicity and the State: Making and Breaking Nations (London, Sage).

Hutchinson, J. and Guibernau, M. 2001. Understanding Nationalism (Cambridge: Polity).

Jenkins, R. 1997. Rethinking Ethnicity: Arguments and Explorations (London: Sage).

Kellas, J. 1998. The Politics of Nationalism and Ethnicity (Basingstoke: Macmillan).

Leoussi, A. and Grosby, S. (eds.). 2003. Nationality and Nationalism (London: I.B. Tauris).

Leoussi, A. and Smith, A. D. (eds.). 2001. Encyclopaedia of Nationalism (Oxford: Transaction Books).

Motyl, A. (ed.). 2001. Encyclopaedia of Nationalism (San Diego: Academic Press).

Suny, R. and Eley, G. 1996. Becoming National: a Reader (Oxford: OUP).

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1. Definitions and Theoretical Overview

Required:Francis, E.K. 1976. Interethnic Relations (New York: Elsevier, 1976), pp. 6-9.

Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1996. Ethnicity (Oxford: OUP), pp. 17-31.

Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1994. Nationalism (Oxford: OUP), pp. 15-46.

Recommended:

GeneralConnor, W. 1994. Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press).

Ozkirimli, U. 2010. Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (Basingstoke: Macmillan), chs. 1-2.

Smith, A. 1998. Nationalism and Modernism: a Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism (London andNew York: Routledge).

Spencer, P. and Wollmann, H. (eds.) 2002. Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (London: Sage), ch. 2.

Defining Ethnic Groups:Smith, A.D. 1991. National Identity (London: Penguin 1991), pp. 8-18.

Smith, A.D. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations (Oxford: Blackwell), pp. 21-31.

Eriksen, Th.H. 1993. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives (London: Pluto Press), ch.1.

Weber, M. 1978. Economy and Society: an Outline of Interpretive Sociology (Berkeley: University of California Press), pp. 40-43, 341-48, 387-98, 922-26.

Defining Nations and NationalismConnor, W. 1994. 'A nation is a nation, is a state…' in Connor, W. Ethno-Nationalism: The Quest for Understanding (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press), ch.4

Anderson, B. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso), ch.1

Francis, E.K. 1976. Interethnic Relations (New York: Elsevier), ch.7

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2. The Development of the State

Required:Poggi, R.G. 1978. The Development of the Modern State (London: Hutchinson, 1978), esp. pp. 20-100.

Recommended:Anderson, M. S. 1993. The Rise of Modern Diplomacy 1415-1919 (London : Longman).

Anderson, P. 1979. Lineages of the Absolutist State (London and New York: Verso).

Dollinger, P. 1970. The German Hansa (London : Macmillan).

Flora, P., S. Kuhnle and D. Urwin (eds.). 1999. State Formation, Nation-Building and Mass Politics in Europe: the Theory of Stein Rokkan (Oxford: OUP).

Hall, J.A. (eds.). 1986. States in History (Oxford : Basil Blackwell).

Hall, J.A. and Ikenberry, J. 1986. The State (Milton Keynes: Open University Press).

Held, D. et al (eds.). 1983. States and Societies (Oxford: Robertson).

Krader, L. 1968. The Formation of the State (Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall).

Krasner, S. D. 1988. ‘Sovereignty - An Institutional Perspective’, in Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 21 No. 1 1988 pp. 66-94.

Mann, M. 1986. The Sources of Social Power Vol. I: A History of Power from the Beginning to AD 1760 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Mackenney, R. 1989. The City-State (Basingstoke: Macmillan).

Miller, J. (ed.). 1990. Absolutism in 17th Century Europe (Basingstoke: Macmillan Educuation).

Parodi, C. 2002. The Politics of South American Boundaries (New York: Praeger)

Poggi, R.G. 1978. The Development of the Modern State (London: Hutchinson).

Poggi, R.G. 1990. The State, its Nature Development and Prospects (Cambridge: Polity Press).

Skinner, Q. 1989. ‘The State’, in Ball, Farr and Hanson (eds.) Political Innovation and Conceptual Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Spruyt, H. 1994. The Sovereign State and its Competitors (Princeton: Princeton University Press)

Tilly, Ch. (ed.). 1975. The Formation of National States in Western Europe (Princeton: Princeton University Press), esp. conclusion.

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Tilly, Ch. 1990. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1990 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: B. Blackwell).

Torpey, J. 2000. The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State (Cambridge: CUP).

Van Creveld, M. 1999. The Rise and Decline of the State (Cambridge: CUP).

3. The Origin of Ethnic Groups

Required:Brass, P. 1996. 'Ethnic groups and ethnic identity formation’, in Hutchinson, J. and Smith, A. (eds.) Ethnicity. (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 85-90 (Instrumentalism).

Case: The English from a Historicist and Instrumentalist PerspectiveHastings, A. 1997. The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism (Cambridge and (New York: Cambridge University Press), ch.2.

Breuilly, J. 2005. 'Changes in the Political Uses of the Nation: Continuity or Discontinuity?' in Zimmer, O. and Scales, L. (eds.) Power and the Nation in History (Cambridge: CUP).

Recommended:

Theoretical PerspectivesSollors, W. 1996. Theories of Ethnicity (New York: New York University Press).

Zimmer, O. and Scales, L. (eds.) 2005. Power and the Nation in History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

InstrumentalismBrown, M.J. 2004. Is Taiwan Chinese? (Berkeley: University of California Press).

Fearon, J. 1998. ‘Commitment Problems and the Spread of Ethnic Conflict’ in Lake, D. and Rothchild, D. The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict: Fear, Diffusion, and Escalation (Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press).

Fearon, J. and Laitin, D. 1996 ‘Explaining Ethnic Cooperation’, in American Political Science Review, December.

Hitt, J. 2005, 'The Newest Indians', in New York Times, Aug 21.

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Laitin, D. D. 1986. Hegemony and Culture: Politics and Religious Change among the Yoruba (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), ch. 1.

Laitin, David. 1998. Identity in Formation: The Russian Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad (Ithaca, NY: Cornell).

Peel, J.D.Y. 1989. ‘The Cultural Work of Yoruba Ethnogenesis’, in Tonkin, E.; McDonald, M. and Chapman, M. (eds.) History and Ethnicity (London: Routledge).

Slezkine, Y. 1994. 'The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or how the Soviet State Promoted Ethnic Particularism', in Slavic Review 53: 2, pp. 414-52.

Suny, R. G. 1993. The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union. (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press), ch. 1.

Suny, R. G. 2001. 'Constructing Primordialism: Old Histories for New Nations', in Journal of Modern History, 73, pp. 862-896.

Whitmeyer, J. M. 2004. 'Elites and Popular Nationalism', in British Journal of Sociology 53: 3, pp. 321 – 341.

Historicism/ PerennialismArmstrong, J. 1982. Nations before Nationalism (Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982), chs. 1, 3 - 320.5409.

Diamond, J. 1997. Guns, Germs, and Steel: the Fates of Human Societies (New York; London: W.W. Norton and Co.), see ch. on the formation of tribes in New Guinea

Grosby, S. 1991. 'Religion and Nationality in Antiquity’, in European Journal of Sociology XXXII, pp. 229-65.

Grosby, S. 1997.'Borders, Territory and Nationality in the Ancient Near East and Armenia’, in Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 40: 1.

Hastings, A. 1997. The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press), ch. 6. (Africa).

Heather, P. 1991. Goths and Romans (Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press).

Heather, P. 1998. The Goths (Oxford: Blackwell).

McCrone, P. 1986. 'The Tribe and the State’, in Hall, J. (ed.) States in History (Oxford: Blackwell).

Mendels, D. 1992. The Rise and Fall of Jewish Nationalism: Jewish and Christian Ethnicity in Ancient Palestine (New York: Doubleday), ch.1.

Reynolds, S. 1984. Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900-1300 (Oxford: Clarendon Press), ch. 8 - 940.1.

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Roosens, E. 1994. 'The Primordial Nature of Origins in Migrant Ethnicity’, in Vermeulen, H. and Govers, C. (eds.) The Anthropology of Ethnicity: Beyond Ethnic Groups and Boundaries (Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis).

Smith, A.D. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nation (Oxford: Blackwell), pp. 32-119.

Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1994. Nationalism (Oxford: OUP), pp. 132-54 - 320.54.

PrimordialismCavalli-Sforza, L. L. 1997. 'Genes, Peoples and Languages’, Proceeds of the National Academy of Sciences 94, pp. 7719–7724, July (Colloquium Paper).

Salter, F. 2001. ‘A Defence and an Extension of Pierre Van den Berghe's Theory of Ethnic Nepotism’, in P. James and D. Goetzee. (eds.) Evolutionary Theory and Ethnic Conflict (Westport, CT: Praeger), pp. 39-70.

Van den Berghe, P. 1978. 'Race and Ethnicity: a Sociobiological Approach’, in Ethnic and Racial Studies 1 no. 4, 1978, pp. 401-411. (and critique by Reynolds, V. (1980) in Ethnic and Racial Studies 3, no.3, pp. 303-15).

4. Theories of NationalismRequired:

Özkirimli U. 2003. 'The nation as an artichoke? A critique of ethnosymbolist interpretations of Nationalism’, Nations and Nationalism 9, iss. 3, pp. 339-355.

Smith A.D. 1995. 'Gastronomy or Geology? The Role of Nationalism in the Reconstruction of Nations’, Nations and Nationalism 1: 1, pp. 3-23.

Smith A.D. 2003. 'The poverty of anti-nationalist modernism’, Nations and Nationalism 9: 3, pp. 357-370.

Smith, A.D. and Gellner, E. 1995. 'Gellner on Nationalism’, in Prospect, December 1995.

Recommended:

Debate: When Is the Nation?Delanty, G.; Hutchinson, J.; Kaufmann, E.P.; Özkirimli, U. and Wimmer, A. 2008 ‘Debate on J Hutchinson's Nations as Zones of Conflict’, in Nations and Nationalism 14:1, pp. 1-28.

Guibernau, M. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.). 2004. History and National Destiny: Ethnosymbolism and Its Critics (Oxford: Blackwell).

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Smith, A. D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1994. Nationalism (Oxford: OUP), pp. 34-35, 55-69, 76-82, 89-95, 103-112. See also special issue of Geopolitics 7: 2 (autumn 2002).

Uzelac, G. and Ichijo, A. (eds.) 2005. When is the Nation? The Debate (London: Routledge).

Zimmer, O. and Scales, L. (eds.) 2005. Power and the Nation in History (Cambridge: CUP), esp. introduction.

Zimmer, O. 2003. Nationalism in Europe: 1890-1940 (London: Palgrave/Macmillan), ch. 1.

ModernismAnderson, B. 1991. Imagined Communities (London: Verso), chs. 1-3.

Breuilly, J. 1993. Nationalism and the State (Manchester: Manchester University Press), chs. 1-2.

Brubaker, R. 1996. Nationalism Reframed (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Brubaker, R. 2006. Ethnicity Without Groups (Cambridge: Harvard University Press).

Francis, E.K. 1976. Interethnic Relations (New York: Elsevier), chs. 6, 7.

Gellner, E 1983. Nations and Nationalism (Oxford: Blackwell 1983), chs. 1-5, esp. 2, 3.

Giddens, A. 1985. The Nation-State and Violence (Cambridge: Polity Press), ch. 8 and , pp. 116-21.

Hall, J. 1994. Coercion and Consent (Cambridge: Polity).

Hobsbawm, E.J. 1993. Nations and Nationalism since 1780 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), ch. 3.

Kedourie, E. 1993. Nationalism (Oxford UK and Cambridge USA: Blackwell).

Lawrence, P. 2004. Nationalism: History and Theory (London: Longman).

Mann, M. 1993. The Sources of Social Power (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), Vol. II: ch.7, esp. pp. 227-52.

Mann, M. 1995. 'A Political Theory of Nationalism and its Excesses’, in Periwal, S. (ed.). Notions of Nationalism (Budapest: Central European University Press) pp. 44-64.

McNeill, W.H. 1983. The Pursuit of Power (Oxford: Blackwell).

Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1994. Nationalism (Oxford: OUP), pp. 34-35, 55-69, 76-82, 89-95, 103-112.

Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1994. Nationalism (Oxford: OUP), pp. 196-240.

Smith, A.D.1998. Nationalism and Modernism (London and New York: Routledge), ch. 4.

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Spencer, P. and H. Wollmann. 2002. Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (London: Sage), ch. 2.

EthnosymbolismArmstrong, J. 1982. Nations Before Nationalism (Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982), chs. 1, 3 - 320.5409.

Diamond, J. 1997. Guns, Germs, and Steel: the Fates of Human Societies (New York; London: W.W. Norton and Co.), see ch. on the formation of tribes in New Guinea

Gat, A. and Yakobson, A. 2012. Nations: the Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Grosby, S. 1991. 'Religion and Nationality in Antiquity’, in European Journal of Sociology XXXII, pp. 229-65.

Hastings, A. 1997. The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press), ch. 6. (Africa).

Hirschi, C. 2012. The Origins of Nationalism: an Alternative History from Ancient Rome to Early Modern Germany (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press).

Hutchinson, J. 1987. The Dynamics of Cultural Nationalism: the Gaelic Revival and the Creation of the Irish Nation-State (London: Allen and Unwin).

Leoussi, A. and Grosby, S. (eds.) 2006. Nationalism and Ethnosymbolism (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).

Mock, S. 2011. Images of Defeat: Trauma and Sacrifice in the Construction of National Identity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), ch 1.

Motyl, A. 1999. ‘Inventing Invention: the Limits of National identity Formation’, in Suny, R. G. and Kennedy, M. D. Intellectuals and the Articulation of the Nation (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press), pp. 57-75.

Myhill, J. 2006. Language, Religion and National Identity in Europe and the Middle East. (Amsterdam: J Benjamin).

Özkirimli, U. 2010. Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction (Basingstoke: Macmillan), ch. 5.

Roshwald, A. 2006. The Endurance of Nationalism: Ancient Roots and Modern Dilemmas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Smith, A. D. 1981. The Ethnic Revival (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Smith, A.D. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations (Oxford: Blackwell), pp. 32-119.

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Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) 1994. Nationalism (Oxford: OUP), pp. 132-54 - 320.54.

Young, M.; Zuelow, E. and Sturm, A. (eds.) 2007. Nationalism in a Global Era: The Persistence of Nations (London: Routledge).

5. State Nationalism, Nation-Building and CommemorationRequired:

Zimmer, O. 2003. Nationalism in Europe: 1890-1940. (London: Palgrave: Macmillan), ch. 4.

Case: FranceGreenfeld, L. 1992. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), pp. 154-88.

Recommended:Bell, D.A. 2001. The Cult of the Nation in France: Inventing Nationalism, 1680-1800 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

Birch, A. H. 1989. Nationalism and National Integration (London: Unwin Hyman).

Bodnar, J. 2000. 'Pierre Nora, National Memory, and Democracy: A Review’, in The Journal of American History 87: 3, available at www.historycooperative.org: journals: jah:87.3: bodnar.html.

Brubaker, R. 1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Bruckmüller, E. 1994. 'The National Identity of the Austrians’, in Teich, M. and Porter, R. (eds.) The National Question in Europe (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press), pp. 206-228.

Colley, L. 1992. Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-1837 (New Haven and London: Yale University Press).

Greenfeld, L. 1992. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), pp. 154-88.

Mosse, G.L. 1990. Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Mosse, G.L.1991. The Nationalization of the Masses: Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars through the Third Reich (Ithaca: Cornell University Press).

Neuberger, B. 1977. 'State and Nation in African Thought’, in Journal of African Studies 4: 2.

Nora, P. 1996. 'Between Memory and History’, in Nora, P. and Kritzman, L. (eds.) Realms of Memory: Rethinking the French Past (New York, NY: Columbia University Press), ch. 1: introduction.

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O’Leary, C.E. 2001. To Die For: The Paradox of American Patriotism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).

Spillman, L.P. 1997. Nation and Commemoration: Creating National Identities in the United States and Australia (Cambridge: CUP).

Weber, E.J. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen: the Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914. (Stanford University Press: Stanford, California).

6. Multi-Ethnic Nations and Multi-National States

Required:Connor, W. 1994. 'A Nation is a Nation, is a State, is an Ethnic Group, is a ..’, in Hutchinson, J. and Smith, A.D. (eds.) Nationalism. (Oxford: OUP), pp. 36-45.

Smith, A.D. 1991. National Identity. (London: Penguin), ch. 5.

Recommended:Balthazar, L. 1995. 'Towards a New Citizenship: The Dynamics of Multi-Ethnicity in French-Speaking Québec', in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 1:3, pp. 82-95.

Francis, E.K. 1976. Interethnic Relations. (New York: Elsevier) , pp. 19-24. (Tswana), ch. 6, ch. 8. (Europe), chs. 17-18. (USA).

Gagnon, A-G. and Guibernau, M. (eds.) 2003. The Conditions of Diversity in Multinational Democracies. (Montreal : Institute for Research on Public Policy).

Guibernau, M. and Rex, J. (eds.) 2010. The Ethnicity Reader: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Migration. (Cambridge: Polity, 2nd ed.), part II.

Henders, S.J. 1997. ‘Cantonisation: Historical Paths to Territorial Autonomy for Regional Cultural Communities’, in Nations and Nationalism 3:4, pp. 521-40.

Kaufmann, E. 2011. 'Ethnic and State History as Determinants of Ethnic Fractionalization’, APSA Conference, Seattle.

Kitromilides, P. 1996. 'Orthodoxy and Nationalism’, in Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) Ethnicity. (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 202-8.

Krejci, J. and Velimsky, V. 1996. 'Ethnic and Political Nations in Europe’, in Smith, A.D. and Hutchinson, J. (eds.) Ethnicity. (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 209-21.

Kymlicka, W. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship. (Oxford: Oxford University Press), ch.2.

Maddens, B. and Van den Berghe, K. 2003. 'The Identity Politics of Multicultural Nationalism: A Comparison between the Regular Public

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Addresses of the Belgian and the Spanish Monarchs. (1990-2000)’, in European Journal of Political Research 42:5, pp. 601-627.

Pipes, R. 1964. 'The National Problem in Russia’, in Riha, T. (ed.) Readings in Russian Civilisation. (Chicago and London: self published).

Schöpflin, G. 1991. 'National Identity in the Soviet Union and East Central Europe’, in Ethnic and Racial Studies, 14: 1.

Schöpflin, G. 1993. Politics in Eastern Europe 1945-1992. (Oxford: Blackwell).

Shulman, Stephen. 1998. 'National Integration and Foreign Policy in Multiethnic States', in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 4: 4, pp. 110-132.

Stalin, J. 1936. Marxism and the National and Colonial Question. (London: M. Lawrence).

Zimmer, O. 2003. Nationalism in Europe: 1890-1940. (London: Palgrave:Macmillan), chs. 3 and 4.

7. National Identity: Ethnic or Civic?

Required:Smith, A.D. 1991. National Identity (London: Penguin), ch.6.

Janmaat, J. 2006. 'Popular conceptions of nationhood in old and new European member states: Partial support for the ethnic-civic framework', in Ethnic and Racial Studies 29:1 January, pp. 50-78

Recommended:Alter, P. 1985. 'Cultural and Political Nations’, in Alter, P. (ed.) Nationalism (London: Edward Arnold), pp. 8-12.

Bauman, Z. ‘Intellectuals in East-Central Europe: Continuity and Change’, in East European Politics and Societies 1: 2, pp. 162-186.

Behr, M. et al. (eds.) 2002. 'Who is Hungarian? Attitudes toward Immigration, Ethnicity and Nationality in Rural Hungary', in East European Quarterly 36: 3, pp. 281-99.

Brubaker, R. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

Greenfeld, L. and Chirot, D. 1994. 'Nationalism and Aggression’, in Theory and Society 23: 1, pp. 79-103 .

Hewitson, M. and Baycroft, T. (eds.) 2004. Nationalism in Europe 1789-1914: Civic and Ethnic Traditions (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Hjerm, M. 2003. ‘National sentiments in Eastern and Western Europe’, in Nationalities Papers 31: 4, pp. 413-29.

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Huntington, S. 2004. Who Are We? The Cultural Core of American National Identity (New York and London: Simon and Schuster), ch. 9.

Ignatieff, M. 1994. Blood and Belonging. Journeys into the New Nationalism (London: Vintage).

Kaufmann, E. 1998. '‘Naturalizing the Nation’: the Rise of Naturalistic Nationalism in the United States and Canada', in Comparative Studies in Society and History 40: 4, pp. 666-695.

Kaufmann, E. 2000. ‘Ethnic or civic nation? Theorizing the American case’, in Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism 27: 1-2, pp. 133-55.

Kaufmann, E. and Zimmer, O. 1998. 'In Search of the Authentic Nation: Landscape and National Identity in Canada and Switzerland’, in Nations and Nationalism 4: 4, pp. 483-510.

Kaufmann, E. and O. Zimmer. 2004. 'Dominant ethnicity' and the 'ethnic-civic' dichotomy in the work of A. D. Smith', in Nations and Nationalism 10:1-2, , pp.63-78. (see Zimmer's contribution on ethnic-civic).

Kaufmann, E. P. 2002. 'The Ethnic Origins of the American Nation', in Geopolitics 7: 2, pp. 99-120.

Kohn, H. 1944. The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background (New York: Macmillan).

Krejci, Y. and Velimsky, V. 1981. Ethnic and Political Nations in Europe (London: Croom Helm).

Kreuzer, P. 2006. 'Violent civic Nationalism versus civil ethnic Nationalism: Contrasting Indonesia and Malay(si)a', in National Identities 8: 1, pp. 41-59.

Kuzio, T. 2002. ‘The myth of the civic state: a critical survey of H Kohn’s framework for understanding Nationalism’, in Ethnic and Racial Studies 25: 1, pp. 20–39.

Meadwell, H. 1989. 'Cultural and Instrumental Approaches to Ethnic Nationalism’, in Ethnic and Racial Studies 12:3.

Nielsen, K. 1999. ‘Cultural Nationalism, neither Ethnic nor Civic’, in Beiner, R. (ed.) Theorizing Nationalism (Albany: State University of New York Press), pp. 119-30.

Plamenatz, J. 1973. ‘Two Types of Nationalism’, in Kamenka, E. (ed.) Nationalism: the Nature and Evolution of an Idea (Canberra: Australian National Press).

Roshwald, A. 2006. The Endurance of Nationalism: Ancient Roots and Modern Dilemmas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), ch. 5, 30.

Schöpflin, G. 2000. Nations, Identity, Power: The New Politics of Europe (London: Hurst).

Shulman S. 2002. ‘Sources of Civic and Ethnic Nationalism in Ukraine’, in The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 18: 4, pp. 1-30.

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Shulman, S. 2002. 'Challenging the Ethnic:Civic and West:East Dichotomies in the Study of Nationalism’, in Comparative Political Studies 35: 5, pp. 554-85.

Shulman, S. 2004. ‘The Contours of Civic and Ethnic National Identification in Ukraine’, in Europe-Asia Studies 56: 1, pp. 35-56.

Wiborg, S. 2000. ‘Political and Cultural Nationalism in Education. The Ideas of Rousseau and Herder Concerning National Education', in Comparative Education 36:2, pp. 235-43.

Yack, B. 1996. 'The Myth of the Civic Nation', in Critical Review 102, pp. 193.

Zimmer, O. 2003. 'Boundary Mechanisms and Symbolic Resources: Towards a Process- Oriented Approach to National Identity', in Nations and Nationalism, 9:2, pp.173-193.

8. Secession and Irredentism

Required:Horowitz, D. 1994. 'The Logic of Secessions’, in Smith, A. and J Hutchinson. (eds.) Nationalism. (Oxford: OUP), pp. 261-68 .

Mayall, J. 1994. 'Irredentist and Secessionist Challenges’, in Smith, A. and J Hutchinson. (eds.), Nationalism. (Oxford: OUP), pp. 269-79.

Case: Soviet UnionLieven, D. and J. McGarry. 1993. 'Ethnic Conflict in the Soviet Union and its Successor States’, in O'Leary, B. andJ McGarry. (eds.) 1993. The Politics of Ethnic Conflict Regulation (New York and London: Routledge), pp. 62-83.

Recommended:

Causes of Secession and Secessionist and Irredentist MobilisationAmbrosio, T. 2001. Irredentism: Ethnic Conflict and International Politics (New York, NY: Praeger).

Anderson Paul, R. 2000. ‘Grassroots Mobilization and Diaspora Politics’, in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 6: 1, pp. 24-47.

Byrne, S. and Irvin, C. L. 2000. Reconcilable Differences: Turning Points in Ethnopolitical Conflicts (West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press).

Conversi, D. 2002. ‘Central Secession: Towards a New Analytical Concept? The Case of Former Yugoslavia’, in Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 26: 2, pp. 333-356.

Francis, E.K. 1976. Interethnic Relations (New York, NY: Elsevier Scientific) pp. 107-15.

Grove, A. 2001. ‘Theory, Perception, and Leadership Agency: A Multiple Processing Model of Nationalist Mobilization’, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 7: 2, pp.1-32.

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Gurr, T. and B. Harff. 2003. Ethnic Conflict in World Politics (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), chs. 5-6.

Hale, Henry. 2008. The Foundations of Ethnic Politics: Separatism of States and Nations in Eurasia and the World (Cambridge: CUP), esp. ch. 4.

Harff, B. and Gurr, T. R. 1998. 'Systematic Early Warning of Humanitarian Emergencies’, in Journal of Peace Research 35: 5, pp. 551-579.

Hechter, M. 2000. Containing Nationalism. (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press).

Horowitz, Donald L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press) ch. 6.

Marwell, G. and Oliver, P. 1993. The Critical Mass in Collective Action: A Micro-Social Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Smith, A. D. 1991 National Identity (London: Penguin 1991), ch. 6.

Cases of Secessionist and Irredentist MobilisationCohen, B. J. 1993. Broken Bonds: Yugoslavia's Disintegration and Balkan Politics in Transition (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), p. 32.

Conversi, D. 1997. The Basques, the Catalans, and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilization (London: Hurst).

Freij, H. Y. 1997. 'Tribal Identity and Alliance Behaviour among Factions of the Kurdish National Movement in Iraq’, in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 3: 3, pp. 86-107.

Frombgen, E. 1999. 'A Preliminary Model of Secession, Ethnic Conflict and Violence in Tatarstan and Chechnya: The Role of the State', in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 5: 2, pp. 91-117.

Glenny, M. 1996. The Fall of Yugoslavia (London: Penguin).

Hkashan, H. and Nehme, M. 1996. 'The Making of Stalled National Movements: Evidence from Southern Sudan and Northern Iraq’, in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 2: 1, pp. 111-140.

Irvin, C L. 1999. Militant Nationalism: Between Movement and Party in Ireland and the Basque Country (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).

Rothchild, D. 1995. 'Ethnic Bargaining and State Breakdown in Africa', in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 1; 1, pp. 54-72.

Vujacic, V. 1996. 'Historical Legacies, Nationalist Mobilization, and Political Outcomes in Russia and Serbia: A Weberian View', in Theory and Society, 25.

Yashar, D. 2005. Contesting Citizenship in Latin America: The Rise of Indigenous Movements and the Postliberal Challenge (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

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Quantitative Analyses: Predicting SecessionAyres, R. W. and Saideman, S. M. 2000. 'Is Separatism as Contagious as the Common Cold or as Cancer? Testing the International and Domestic Determinants of Secessionism’, in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 6: 3, pp. 92-114.

Fox, J. 2002. 'Ethnic Minorities and the Clash of Civilizations: A Quantitative Analysis of Huntington’s Thesis', in British Journal of Political Science 32: 3, pp. 415-434.

Gurr, T. R., and Moore, W.H. 1997. 'Ethnopolitical Rebellion: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 1980s with Risk Assessments for the 1990s’, in American Journal of Political Science 41, pp. 1079-1103.

Johns, M. 2002. ‘Assessing Risk Assessment: A Baltic Test’, in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 8: 1.

Saideman, S. and Ayres, W. 2000. 'Determining the Causes of Irridentism: Logit Analyses of Minorities at Risk Data from the 1980s and 1990s', in Journal of Politics 62: 4, pp. 1126-1144.

Saideman, S. M.; Lanoue, D.; Campenni, M. and Stanton, S. 2002. 'Democratization, Political Institutions, and Ethnic Conflict: A Pooled, Cross- Sectional Time Series Analysis from 1985-1998’, in Comparative Political Studies 35: 1, pp. 103-129.

9. Separatism, Ethnic Violence and Genocide

Required:King C. 2001. 'The Myth of Ethnic Warfare: Understanding Conflict in the Post-Cold War World', in Foreign Affairs 80: 6. (Nov. - Dec.), pp. 165-170.

Palmer, A. 'Colonial and Modern Genocide: Explanations and Categories’, in Ethnic and Racial Studies 21:1. (January 1998), pp. 89-115

Recommended:

Ethnic ViolenceAdanir, F. 2001 'Armenian Deportations and Massacres in 1915’, in Chirot, D. and Seligman, M. E. P. (eds.) Ethnopolitical Warfare: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Solutions. (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association), pp. 71-81.

Berkowitz, Leonard. 1990. ‘Biological Roots: Are Humans Inherently Violent?’ in Glad, B. (ed.) Psychological Dimensions of War. (London: Sage, 1990), pp. 24-40.

Bonneuil, N. and Auriat, N. 2000. 'Fifty Years of Ethnic Conflict and Cohesion: 1945-94’, in Journal of Peace Research 37: 5, pp. 563-581.

Braathen, E.; Bøås, M. and Saether, G. 2000. Ethnicity Kills? The Politics of War, Peace and Ethnicity in Sub-Saharan Africa (Basingstoke: Macmillan).

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Brubaker, R. and Laitin, D. D. 1998. ‘Ethnic and Nationalist Violence’, in Annual Review of Sociology 24:423-452.

Conversi, D. 1997. The Basques, the Catalans, and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilization (London: Hurst), ch. 9.

Dassel, K. 1998. 'Civilians, Soldiers and Strife: Domestic Sources of International Aggression’, in International Security 23: 1, pp. 107-140.

Fearon, J. and D. Laitin. 2003. 'Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War', in American Political Science Review 97: 1, 75-90.

Gagnon, V.P. 1994/5. ‘Ethnic Nationalism and International Conflict: The Case of Serbia’, in International Security 19: 3, pp. 130-166.

Gurr, T. and B. Harff. 2003. Ethnic Conflict in World Politics (Boulder, CO: Westview Press), ch. 5.

Gurr, T.R and Pitsch, A. 2003. ‘Ethnopolitical Conflict and Separatist Violence’, in Heitmeyer. W. and Hagan, J. (eds.) The International Handbook of Violence Research (Dordrecht, London: Kluwer).

Hechter, M. 1995. 'Explaining Nationalist Violence’, in Nations and Nationalism 1: 1, pp. 53-68.

Hoeffler, A. and Zartman, W, 'Greed and Grievance in Civil War’, in Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, pp. 271-285, 298-307.

Horowitz, D L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press), chs. 11-12.

Horowitz, D. 2001. The Deadly Ethnic Riot (Berkeley: University of California Press), esp. ch. 13.

Jowitt, K. 2001. ‘Ethnicity: Nice, Nasty, and Nihilistic’, in Chirot, D. and Seligman, M. E. P. (eds.) Ethnopolitical Warfare: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Solutions (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.), pp. 27-36.

Kalyvas, S.N. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Kaufman, S.J. Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War (New York: Cornell University Press), esp. Chapters 1 and 2.

Kaufman, S.J. 2006. 'Symbolic Politics or Rational Choice? Testing Theories of Extreme Ethnic Violence', in International Security 30: 4, pp. 45-86.

Kissane, B. 2000. ‘Nineteenth-Century Nationalism in Finland and Ireland: A Comparative Analysis’, in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 6: 2, pp. 25-42.

Laitin, D. 1998 ‘Identity and Ethnic Violence’, in Laitin, D. (ed.) 1998. Identity in Formation: The Russian Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad (Ithaca, NY: Cornell), ch. 12.

Marshall, M. G. and Gurr, T. R. 2003. Peace and Conflict 2003: A Global Survey of Armed Conflicts, Self-Determination Movements, and

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Democracy (College Park, MD: Integrated Network for Societal Conflict Research).

Newman, S. and Piroth, S. 1996. ‘Terror and Tolerance: The Use of Ballots, Bombs and Bullets by Ethnoregional Movements in Advanced Industrial Democracies’, in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 2: 3: 381-414.

Smith, A. D. 1981. 'War and Ethnicity: The Role of Warfare in the Formation, Self-Image and Cohesion of Ethnic Communities’, in Ethnic and Racial Studies 4: 4, pp. 375-397.

Snyder, J. and Jervis, R. 1999. ‘Civil War and the Security Dilemma’, in Walter, B. and Snyder, J. (eds.) Civil Wars, Insecurity, and Intervention (New York: Columbia University Press), pp. 15-37 .

Snyder, J. L. 2000. From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict (New York: W. W. Norton).

Stewart, P. J. and Strathern, A. 2002. Violence: Theory and Ethnography (London: Continuum).

Tilly, C. 2003. The Politics of Collective Violence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Van den Berghe, P. (ed.) 1990. State, Violence and Ethnicity (Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado).

Varshney, A. 2003. Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India (New Haven, CT: Yale)

Wolff, S. and Cordell, K. 2006. Ethnic Conflict (Cambridge: Polity).

GenocideChalk, F. and Jonassohn, K. (eds.). 1990. The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies (New Haven: Yale University Press).

Cigar, N. 1995. Genocide in Bosnia: the Policy of ‘Ethnic Cleansing’ (College Station: Texas A and M University Press).

Fein, H. 1990. 'Genocide: a Sociological Perspective’, in Current Sociology 38: 1.

Goldhagen, D. J. 1996. Hitler's Willing Executioners (London: Little, Brown).

Horowitz, D. 2001. The Deadly Ethnic Riot (Berkeley: University of California Press), ch. 13.

Kiernan, B. 2001. ‘The Ethnic Element in the Cambodian Genocide’, in Chirot, D and Seligman, M.E.P. (eds.) Ethnopolitical Warfare: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Solutions (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association), pp. 83-91

Marrus, M. 1989. The Holocaust in History (London: Penguin).

Melson, R. 1992. Revolution and Genocide: on the Origins of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust (Chicago : University of Chicago Press ).

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Power, S. 2002. ‘A Problem from Hell’: America and the Age of Genocide (New York: Harper Collins).

Prunier, G. (2001). ‘Genocide in Rwanda’, in Chirot, D and Seligman, M.E.P. (eds.) Ethnopolitical Warfare: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Solutions (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association), pp. 109-116

Rummel, R. J. 1994. Death by Government (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers), esp. ch 1 and conclusion.

Ethnic CleansingBirch, Julian. 1995. ‘Ethnic Cleansing in the Caucasus’, in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 1: 4, pp. 90-107.

Carmichael, C. 2002. Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans: Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition (London: Routledge).

Conquest, R. 1970. The Nation Killers. The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities (New York: Macmillan), ch.2.

Mann, M. 2004. The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); see also symposium on the book in volume 4, 2006 of Political Studies Review.

Palmer, A. 1992. ‘Ethnocide,’ in Dobkowski, M N. and Walliman, I. (eds.) Genocide in Our Time: An Annotated Bibliography with Analytical Introductions (Ann Arbor: Pierian Press), ch. 1.

Taylor, J G. 1991 ‘As Bad as Biafra: Population Resettlement and Starvation,’ in Taylor, J. (ed.) Indonesia's Forgotten War. The Hidden History of East Timor (London: Zed Books).

10. Micro-foundations of Civil War: Outbidding, Spoilers, Militias

Required:Horowitz, D. L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. (Berkeley, University of California Press), chs. 8 and 12.

Kalyvas, S.N. 2003. ‘The Ontology of ‘Political Violence’: Action and Identity in Civil Wars’, in Perspectives on Politics 1:3, pp. 475-94.

Recommended:Bakke, K. 2009. 'Shirts Today, Skins Tomorrow: The Effects of Fragmentation on Civil War Processes and Outcomes', in ISA Conference Paper.

Collier, P. and Hoeffler, A. 2004. ‘Greed and Grievance in Civil War’, in Oxford Economic Papers-New Series 56:4, pp. 563-595.

Fotini, Ch. 2008. ‘Following the Money: Muslim versus Muslim in Bosnia’s Civil War’, in Comparative Politics July.

Giraldo, J. K. and, Trinkunas, H. A. (eds.) 2007. Terrorism Financing and State Responses: A Comparative Perspective (Stanford: Stanford University Press).

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Humphreys, M. and Weinstein, J. ‘Who Fights? The Determinants of Participation in Civil War,’ in American Journal of Political Science April.

Humphreys, Macartan and Jeremy Weinstein. 2006. ‘Handling and Manhandling Civilians in Civil War’, American Political Science Review 100. (3): 429-447

Johnston, P. B. 2007. ‘Negotiated Settlements and Government Strategy in Civil Wars: Evidence from Darfur’, in Civil Wars 9: 4, pp. 359-377.

Kalyvas, S.N. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Kalyvas, S.N. and Kocher, M.A. 2007. ‘Ethnic Cleavages and Irregular War: Iraq and Vietnam’, in Politics and Society 35:2, pp. 183-223.

Kaufmann C. 1996. ‘Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars’, in International Security 20:4, pp. 136–7.

Kydd, A. and Walter, B. 2006. 'The Strategies of Terrorism', in International Security 31: 1, pp. 49-62.

Sambanis, N. 2001. ‘Do Ethnic and Nonethnic Civil Wars Have the Same Causes?’, in Journal of Conflict Resolution 45: 4, pp. 259-82.

Shapiro, J. 2007. ‘Terrorist Organizations’ Vulnerabilities and Inefficiencies: A Rational Choice Perspective’, in Giraldo, J. and Trinkunas, H. (eds.) Terrorism Financing and State Responses: A Comparative Perspective. (Stanford: Stanford University Press).

Walter, B. F. 2006. ‘Building Reputation: Why Governments Fight Some Separatists but Not Others’, in American Journal of Political Science 50: 2, pp. 313-330.

Walter, B. F. and Kydd, A. 2002. ‘Sabotaging the Peace: The Politics of Extremist Violence’, in International Organization 56: 2, pp. 263-296.

Weinstein, J. 2007. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. (New York: Cambridge University Press).

Ethnic Outbidding and Spoilers. (non-RCT pespectives):Bloom, M. 2004. 'Palestinian Suicide Bombing: Public Support, Marketshare, and Outbidding’, in Political Science Quarterly 119: 1, pp. 61-88.

Boyle, M. J. 2008. 'Bargaining, Fear, and Denial: Explaining Violence against Civilians in Iraq 2004-2007’, paper presented at International-Studies-Association.

Greenhill, K.M. and Major, S. 2007. ‘The Perils of Profiling: Civil War Spoilers and the Collapse of Intrastate Peace Accords’, in International Security 31: 3, pp. 7-40.

Kaufman, S. J. 2006. 'Symbolic Politics or Rational Choice? Testing Theories of Extreme Ethnic Violence', in International Security 30: 4, pp. 45-86.

Kaufman, S.J. Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War (New York: Cornell University Press), esp. Chapters 1 and 2.

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Mitchell, P. 1995. 'Party competition in an ethnic dual party system', in Ethnic and Racial Studies 18: 4, pp. 773-96.

Mitchell, P.; Evans, G and O'Leary, B. 2009. 'Extremist Outbidding in Ethnic Party Systems is Not Inevitable: Tribune Parties in Northern Ireland', in Political Studies, 57: 2, pp 397-421.

Moghadam, A. 2009. 'Motives for Martyrdom Al-Qaida, Salafi Jihad, and the Spread of Suicide Attacks’, in International Security 33: 3, pp. 46– 63.

Seymour, L. 2008. ‘Fragmentation in Civil Wars: The Micropolitics of Insurgency and Factional Conflict in Sudan’, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, 26-29 March.

Staniland, P. 2014. Networks of Rebellion: Explaining Insurgent Cohesion and Collapse (Cornell: Cornell University Press).

Stedman, S. ‘Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes’, in International Security 22:2, pp. 5-53.

Toft, M. D. 2003. The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory (Princeton University Press).

Toft, M. D. 2006. ‘Indivisible Territory, Geographic Concentration, and Ethnic War’, in Security Studies 12:2, pp. 82-119.

11. Democratisation and Ethnic Parties

Required:Horowitz, D.L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict (Berkeley: University of California Press), ch. 5.

Snyder, J. L. 2000. From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict (New York: W W Norton), ch. 1.

Recommended:

Case: Africa and Asia: Ethnic Parties and Party SystemsHorowitz, D L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. (Berkeley: University of California Press), chs.5, 7 and 8.

Nationalism and Democracy: Flip Sides of the Same Coin?Calhoun C. 1993. 'Nationalism And Civil-Society - Democracy, Diversity and Self- Determination’, in International Sociology, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 387-411.

Conversi, D. 1997. The Basques, the Catalans, and Spain: Alternative Routes to Nationalist Mobilization (London: Hurst), ch. 6.

Corbridge, S. and Harriss, J. 2000. Reinventing India: Liberalization, Hindu Nationalism and Popular Democracy (Cambridge: Polity).

Forsythe, D. P. 1992. 'Democracy, War and Covert Action’, in Journal of Peace Research 29: 4, pp. 385-95.

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Glickman, H. (ed.) 1995. Ethnic Conflict and Democratisation in Africa (Atlanta, GA: African Studies Association Press).

Hansen, T.B. 2001. The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India (New Delhi and Oxford: OUP).

Harris, E. 2002. Nationalism and Democratisation: the Politics of Slovakia and Slovenia (Aldershot and Burlington, VT: Ashgate).

Keller, J. 1992. 'Nationalism as an Unintended Consequence of the Democratization of Society’, in Sociologicky Casopis 28: 1, pp. 38-48.

Linz, J.J. and Stepan, A. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore: Js Hopkins), chs. 1 and 2.

MacFarlane, S. 1997. 'Democratization, Nationalism and Regional Security in the Southern Caucasus’, in Government and Opposition 32. (3): 399-420.

Mann, M. 2004. The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). See also symposium on the book in volume 4, 2006 of Political Studies Review.

Mansfield, E.D. and Snyder, J. 1995. ' Democratization and the Danger of War’, in International Security 20: 1. , pp. 5-38.

Matic, D. 1999. 'Understanding the Role of Nationalism in New Democracies’, in Collegium Antropologicum 23: 1, pp. 231-324.

O' Leary, B. 1997. 'On the Nature of Nationalism: A Critical Appraisal of Ernest Gellner's Writings on Nationalism’, in British Journal of Political Science 27: 2.

Ottaway, M. 1994. Democratization and Ethnic Nationalism: African and Eastern European Experiences (Overseas Development Council).

Pfaff, S. 2002. ‘Nationalism, Charisma, and Plebiscitary Leadership: The Problem of Democratization in Max Weber's Political Sociology’, in Sociological Inquiry 72: 1, pp. 81-107 .

Ringmar, E. 1998. 'Nationalism: the Idiocy of Intimacy’, in British Journal of Sociology 49: 4, pp. 534-549.

Rizman, R. 2000. 'The Relevance of Nationalism for Democratic Citizenship’, in Javnost- The Public 7: 1, pp. 5-13.

Rothschild, J. 1981. Ethnopolitics: a Conceptual Framework (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981).

Snyder, J. L. 2000. From Voting To Violence: Democratization And Nationalist Conflict (New York: W W Norton).

Spencer, P. and Wollmann, H. 2002. Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. (London: Sage), ch. 5.

Tismaneanu, V. 1998. Fantasies of Salvation: Democracy, Nationalism and Myth in Post-Communist Europe (Princeton ; Chichester : Princeton University Press).

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Wimmer, A. 2002. Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict: Shadows of Modernity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), esp. ch. 3.

Zakaria F. 1997.The Rise of Illiberal Democracy, in Foreign Affairs 76: 6, pp. 22-43.

Zuo, J. and Benford, R. 1995. 'Mobilization Processes and the 1989 Chinese Democracy Movement’, in Sociological Quarterly 36: 1, pp. 131-156.

Nationalism vs. DemocracyBerezin, M. 1999. 'Democracy and its Others in a Global Polity - Introduction’, in International Sociology 14: 3, pp. 227-243.

Dzur, A.W. 2002. 'Nationalism, Liberalism, and Democracy’, in Political Research Quarterly 55: 1, pp. 191-211.

Nedelsky N. 2003. 'Constitutional Nationalism's Implications for Minority Rights and Democratization: the Case of Slovakia', in Ethnic and Racial Studies 26: 1, pp. 102-128.

Oommen, T. K. 1994. 'Religious Nationalism and Democratic Polity - The Indian Case’, in Sociology of Religion 55: 4, pp. 455-472.

Starr, H. 1997. 'Democracy and Integration: Why Democracies Don't Fight Each Other’, in Journal of Peace Research 34: 2, pp. 153-62.

Ward, M. and Gleditsch, K. 1998. 'Democratising for Peace’, in American Political Science Review 92: 1, pp. 51-61.

Party Systems and Ethnic PartiesBogaards, M. 2003. ‘Electoral Choices for Divided Societies: Multi-Ethnic Parties and Constituency Pooling in Africa’, in Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 41: 3, pp.59-80.

Chandra, K. 2004. Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Headcounts in India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Mozaffar, S.; Scarritt, J.R. and Galaich, G. 2003. ‘Electoral Institutions, Ethnopolitical Cleavages, and Party Systems in Africa’s Emerging Democracies’, in American Political Science Review 97: August, pp.379–90.

Norris, P. and Mattes, R. 2003. ‘Does Ethnicity Determine Support for the Governing Party? The Structural and Attitudinal Basis of Partisan Identification in 12 African Nations’, in KSG Working Paper Series RWP03-009. Available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=385209

12. Secularisation Debate

Required:Bruce, S. (ed.). 2002. God is Dead (Oxford: Blackwell), chs. 1, 3, 11 and 12.

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Huntington, S. P. 1996. Clash of Civilizations (London: Simon and Schuster), pp 95-101. (‘La Revanche de Dieu’)

Recommended:

Secularisation DebateBarker, E.; Beckford, J. and Dobbelaere, K. (eds.) 1993. Secularization, Rationalism and Sectarianism: Essays in Honour of Bryan Wilson (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Bogomilova, N. 2004. ‘Reflections on the Contemporary Religious ‘Revival’: Religion, Secularization, Globalization’, in Religion in Eastern Europe 24:4, pp. 1-10.

Bruce, S. (ed.) 1992. Religion and Modernization: Sociologists and Historians Debate the Secularization Thesis (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Bruce, S. 1996. Religion in the Modern World Oxford University Press), ch. 4 and 5.

Bruce, S. 1999. ‘Modernisation, Religious Diversity and Rational Choice in Eastern Europe’, in Religion, State and Society 27:3-4, pp. 265-276.

Bruce, S. 2001. ‘Christianity in Britain, R.I.P’, in Sociology of Religion Summer 62:2, pp. 191-203.

Duke, J.T. and Jackson, B.L. 1989. ‘The Stages of Religious Transformation: a Study of 200 Nations’, in Review of Religious Research March 30:3, pp. 209-225.

Kaufmann, E. 2008. 'Human Development and the Demography of Secularisation in Global Perspective', in Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 4.

Lambert, Y. 1999 ‘Religion in Modernity as a New Axial Age: Secularization or New Religious Forms?’ in Sociology of Religion Fall 60: 3, pp. 303-334.

Martin, D. 1993. A General Theory of Secularization (Aldershot: Gregg Revivals), ch. 2.

Martin, D. 2005. On Secularization (Aldershot: Ashgate).

Norris, P. and Inglehart, R. 2004. Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Putnam, R and Campbell, D E. 2010. American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us (New York: Simon and Schuster), esp. ch 4.

Sommerville, C.J. 2002. ‘Stark’s Age of Faith Argument and the Secularization of Things: A Commentary’, in Sociology of Religion Fall 63:3, pp. 361-372.

Stark, R. and Iannaccone, L.R. 1994. ‘A Supply-Side Reinterpretation of the ‘Secularization’ of Europe’, in Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion September 33:3, pp. 230-253.

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Stark, R. and Iannaccone, L.R. 1995. ‘Truth? A Reply to Bruce’, in Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 34: 4, pp. 516-520.

Stark, R. and Iannaccone, L.R. 1999. ‘Secularization, R.I.P’, in Sociology of Religion 60:3, pp. 249-274.

Swatos, W. H. and Olson, D.V.A. 2000. The Secularization Debate Lanham. (MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers).

Voye, L. 1999. ‘Secularization in a Context of Advanced Modernity’, in Sociology of Religion 60:3, pp. 275-289.

ChristianAmmerman, Nancy. 1991. 'North American Protestant Fundamentalism', in Marty, M.E. and Appleby, R.S. (eds.) Fundamentalisms Observed, The Fundamentalism Project (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

Bruce, S. 1998. Conservative Protestant Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press), ch. 5.

Clark, V. 2003. 'The Christian Zionists', in Prospect, July.

Greeley, A. 2001. 'The Future of Religion in America’, in Society 38: 3, pp. 32-37.

Green, J.C.; Rozell, M.J. and Wilcox, C. (eds.). 2003. The Christian Right In American Politics: Marching To The Millennium (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press).

Jenkins, Ph. 2007. God's Continent: Christianity, Islam, and Europe's Religious Crisis (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press).

Jenkins, Philip. 2007. The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press).

Martin, D. 2001. Pentecostalism: the World their Parish (Oxford: Blackwell).

Micklethwait, J, and Wooldridge, A. 2009. God is Back: how the global revival of faith is changing the world. (New York: Penguin Press).

Seljak, D. 1996. 'Why the Quiet Revolution was ‘Quiet’: The Catholic Church’s Reaction to the Secularization of Nationalism in Quebec after 1960’, in Historical Studies 62, pp. 109-124 <http:::www.umanitoba.ca:colleges:st_pauls:ccha:Back%20Issues:CCHA1996:Seljak

Wolfe, A. 2003. The Transformation of American Religion: How We Actually Live Our Faith (New York: Free Press).

Wolfe, A. 2005. 'Dieting for Jesus’, in Prospect, January.

JewishEfron, N. J. 2003. Real Jews: Secular Versus Ultra-Orthodox and the Struggle for Jewish Identity in Israel (New York, Basic Books).

Friedman, M. 1992. 'The Lost Kiddush Cup: Changes in Ashkenzic Haredi Culture, a Tradition in Crisis' in Wertheimer, J. The Uses of Tradition (Cambridge, MA and London, Harvard University Press), pp. 175-86.

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Heilman, S. C. 2006. Sliding to the Right: The Contest for the Future of American Jewish Orthodoxy (Berkeley, University of California Press).

Shahak, I. and Mezvinsky, N. 1999. Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel (London; Sterling, VA, Pluto Press).

13. Religious Movements and Nationalism

Required:Fox, J. 2004. 'The Rise of Religious Nationalism and Conflict: Ethnic Conflict and Revolutionary Wars, 1945-2001’, in Journal of Peace Research 41: 6, 715-731.

Hastings, A. 1997. The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press), ch.8.

Recommended:

GeneralMarty, M.E. and Appleby, S.R. (eds.) 1991. Fundamentalisms Observed, The Fundamentalism Project (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

Marty, M.E. and Appleby, S.R. (eds.) 1994 Accounting for Fundamentalisms: the Dynamic Character of Movements (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

Micklethwait, J, and Wooldridge, A. 2009. God is Back: How the Global Revival of Faith is Changing the World (New York: Penguin Press).

O'Brien, Connor Cruise. 1988. God-Land: Reflections on Religion and Nationalism. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

Smith, A.D. 1981. The Ethnic Revival. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Smith, A.D. 2004. Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Strenski, I. 2002. Contesting Sacrifice: Religion, Nationalism, and Social Thought in France (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

MuslimAyubi, N. 1980. 'The Political Revival of Islam - the Case of Egypt’, in International Journal of Middle East Studies 12:4, pp. 481-499.

Choueiri, Y.M. 2000. Arab Nationalism: A History, Nation and State in the Arab World (Oxford et.al.: Blackwell).

Halliday, F. 2000. Nation and Religion in the Middle East (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner).

Hefner, R W. 2005. ‘Introduction: Modernity and the Remaking of Muslim Politics’, in Hefner, R W. (ed.) Remaking Muslim Politics. Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

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Jankowski, M. and Gershoni, I. (eds.) 1997. Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East. (New York: Columbia University Press), esp. essays by Musa Budeiri, James Gelvin, and Zachary Lockman.

Razi, G. Hossein. 1990. 'Legitimacy, Religion and Nationalism in the Middle East’, in American Political Science Review 84:1, pp. 69-91.

Tibi, B. 2002. The Challenge of Fundamentalism. Political Islam and the New World Disorder (Berkeley, Los Angeles et al.: University of California Press), esp. ch. 1.

Wickham, C.R. 2002. Mobilizing Islam. Religion, Activism, and Political Change in Egypt. (New York: Columbia University Press).

Zakariyya, F. 2005. Myth and Reality in Contemporary Islamist Movements (London: Pluto Press), esp. ch. 1.

Zubaida, S. 2011. Beyond Islam. A New Understanding of the Middle East (London: I.B. Tauris), ch. 6.

14. Militant Islamist Movements

Required:Gerges, F. 2005. The Far Enemy. Why Jihad Went Global (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), ch. 3.

Recommended:9:11 Commission Report, in http:::www.gpoaccess.gov:911:index.html. (last seen 29:08:2014)

Alexander, Y. and Swetnam, M S. (eds.) 2001. Usama bin Laden's al-Qaida: Profile of a Terrorist Network (Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers(.

Griffin, M. 2003. Reaping the Whirlwind: Afghanistan, Al-Qaida and the Holy War (London: Pluto Press).

Hafez, M. 2003. Why Muslims Rebel? Repression and Resistance in the Islamic World (London: Lynne Rienner Publishers).

Hegghammer, Th. 2009. ‘Jihadi-Salafis or Revolutionaries? On Religion and Politics in the Study of Militant Islamism’, in Meijer, R. (ed.) Global Salafism. Islam’s New Religious Movement (London: Hurst and Company), pp. 244-26.

Hegghammer, Th. Jihad in Saudi Arabia. Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

Jansen, J.J. 1986. The Neglected Duty: The Creed of Sadat’s Assassins and Islamic Resurgence in the Middle East. (London: Al Saqi Books).

Kepel, Gilles . 2006. Jihad. The Trail of Political Islam. (London: I.B. Tauris)

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Kohlmann, E.F. 2004. Al-Qaida's Jihad in Europe: the Afghan-Bosnian Network (Oxford: Berg).

Kydd, A. and Walter, B. 2006. 'The Strategies of Terrorism', in International Security 31: 1, pp. 49-62.

Lia, B. 2008. Architect of Global Jihad. The Life of al-Qa’ida Strategist Abu Mus‘ab al-Suri (New York and Chichester: Columbia University Press).

Meijer, R. 2009. Global Salafism. Islam’s New Religious Movement. (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Moghadam, A. 2009. 'Motives for Martyrdom Al-Qaida, Salafi Jihad, and the Spread of Suicide Attacks’, in International Security 33: 3, pp. 46– 63

Roy, Olivier. 1994. The Failure of Political Islam. (London: I.B. Tauris).

Sageman, Marc. 2004. Understanding Terrorist Networks. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press), ch. ‘The Evolution of the Jihad’.

Schweitzer, Y. and Shaul, Sh. and Lieberman, R. 2003. The Globalization of Terror: the Challenge of Al-Qaida and the Response of the International Community (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers).

Shapiro, J. 2007. ‘Terrorist Organizations’ Vulnerabilities and Inefficiencies: A Rational Choice Perspective’, in Giraldo, J. and Trinkunas, H. (eds.) Terrorism Financing and State Responses: A Comparative Perspective. (Stanford: Stanford University Press).

Sivan, Emmanuel. 1990. Radical Islam. Medieval Theology and Modern Politics. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press).

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Assessment

Essay deadlines and assessment requirements

Core Module StudentsStudents taking this module as a core are assessed by examination and are, in addition required to submit one essay of 3,000 words in length including footnotes and bibliographic references. See below for a list of approved essay questions.

Essays should be submitted on or before 30 November 2015. Please do not go beyond the maximum word limit; essays that breach this limit by more than 10% might have marks deducted or might not be marked at all.

Marks for core module essays do not contribute towards final assessment, but their submission is a requirement for completing the module and you must achieve a pass mark of 50. Although they do not count towards the final mark, core module essays are extremely valuable. They enable us to monitor your progress, allow you an opportunity to receive feedback on your work, and give students returning to education an opportunity to adjust to the discipline of writing without jeopardising their final results.

Please note that all coursework must be submitted to complete the module.

Option Module StudentsA three-hour unseen written examination will constitute 50% of the final assessment for an option module. The other 50% will be determined by a written assignment of 3,000-4,000 words in length including footnotes and bibliographic references. See below for a list of approved essay questions.

Essays should be submitted on or before 22 February 2016. Please do not go beyond the maximum word limit; essays that breach this limit by more than 10% might have marks deducted or might not be marked at all.

It is important to note that no student may pass an MSc/MRes option module in the Department of Politics if s/he fails either of the two required elements at 39% or below.

Please note that all coursework must be submitted to complete the module.

Coursework SubmissionStudents are required to submit their coursework electronically via Moodle on or before the essay submission date. Please keep an electronic and hard backup of the essay for safekeeping.

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The Department endeavours to maintain anonymity for marking. Students are asked to complete a coursework cover sheet using their student number but not their name. This form should be cut and pasted onto the first page of their coursework document. This file should also be saved using the student number rather than the student name (e.g. 12106999.doc).

A coursework cover sheet is available at: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/politics/current-students/CoverSheet.doc

Students are advised to use the Harvard system of referencing but other established systems are acceptable provided they are correctly and consistently employed. For guidance on how to reference books, journal articles…etc, see:http://www.bbk.ac.uk/mybirkbeck/services/facilities/support/dissertations/ug-dissertations/referencing

Late SubmissionCollege policy dictates how the Department treats work that is due for assessment but submitted after the submission deadline.

Any piece of assessment that is submitted late and for which no application for consideration of mitigating circumstances (see below) has been accepted will be awarded a mark of no more than 50% for postgraduates and 40% for undergraduates.

Where an assessment has not been submitted or attended and no application for consideration of mitigating circumstances has been accepted a mark of zero will be awarded.

As a courtesy, you should tell your module seminar leader if you are going to submit an essay late. However, staff cannot give extensions.

Exams The exam requires students to answer 3 essays in 3 hours from a choice of 11 questions. This method of assessment encourages and tests the development of subject-specific understanding and knowledge, skills of analysis, evaluation and problem solving, and encourages study across the breadth of the syllabus. It discourages plagiarism.

Past exams are available at: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/lib/elib/exam

A practice (mock) examination session is scheduled for the spring term. You may choose to sit a practice exam for any module on which you are due to be examined in the summer. Students must register in advance. For details, please go to: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/politics/current-students/examinations/copy_of_index_html

The exam period is normally between April and June. The precise date will be decided by the College, not the Department, and will not be announced until the spring, usually in March. You will need to make sure that you are available during the full exam period since no alternative arrangements for sitting the exams can be made. In order to accommodate the number of exams set across the College, exams are taken during the working day. It will, therefore, be necessary for you to arrange time-off with your employer once the exam timetable is known.

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Essay Questions

1. What is the relationship between ethnic groups, nations and states?2. What are the leading explanations for the evolution of the modern state?3. How did ethnic groups originate? What maintains them?4. What is the ethnosymbolist critique of modernist theories of nationalism?5. How do states attempt to instill state-nationalism in their populations?6. Why are some states more ethnically diverse than others?7. Assess the usefulness of the 'ethnic-civic' typology for the study of national identity.8. What factors tend to predict whether a group will secede from a state?9. Are nationalism and democracy flip-sides of the same coin?10. Discuss the causes of ethnic cleansing and genocide? 11. 'Ethnic identity is irrelevant when it comes to explaining civil violence’. Critically discuss the RCT perspective. 12. Is God dead? A critical debate of Bruce’s secularisation theory and its political implications.13. Does social deprivation explain the rise of Islamist movements?14. Is militant Jihadism transnational?

Reading WeekReading Week is held in both the autumn and spring terms. Lectures and seminars donot run in Reading Week, the purpose of which is to give you an opportunity to revisethe material covered in the first half of the module and to prepare for the second half.This is also an excellent opportunity for you to make a start on essays and othercoursework.

Workshop WeekIn Workshop Week, which is held in both the autumn and spring terms, lectures andseminars for specific modules are replaced by general study skills sessions and otherevents. These sessions cover topics such as essay writing, exam preparation and howto go about researching and writing your dissertation. Other events include outsidespeakers from the world of research and/or politics. The Departmental Office willprovide you with details in due course.

Further information on studying at Birkbeck

Teaching Arrangements and AttendanceRegular attendance at lectures and seminars is essential. You should contact your lecturers and/or seminar leaders if you are unable to attend.

See MyBirkbeck (www.bbk.ac.uk/mybirkbeck) for details about timetable and room location. During the year, please keep an eye on My Birkbeck or the Moodle site for this module for details about changes to room location.

Attendance at classes is compulsory. Students attending fewer than three quarters of their classes on all modules will not normally be permitted to register for the written examination(s) and thus will not be able to complete the degree.

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Availability of lecturers and seminar leaders Lecturers and seminar leaders are available to answer student queries about their work or to assist where students are experiencing difficulties relating to the subject matter covered during the module. They will let you know the best way of contacting them and when they are available to see you.

Tutors As part of our programme of student support all undergraduate students are assigned to a personal tutor in their first year. Your tutor is available by appointment, and can offer advice and referrals for issues affecting student progress and wellbeing. Postgraduate students should feel free to approach the Director of their MSc or MRes programme about such issues.

Birkbeck LibraryAlthough lectures and seminars are an essential element of the module, success in learning depends largely on the reading and research that is undertaken individually by students. Most items on the module reading lists are available via Moodle or in the Birkbeck Library, which is open seven days a week for most of the year. Essential items for modules can be found either in the Reading Room Collection of reference-only print books and photocopies, or will be made available electronically via Moodle.

Information about the Library’s opening hours, layout and services, and access to the catalogue and electronic resources is available from the web site at: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/lib/

As well as its physical holdings, the Library has a comprehensive range of electronic resources available from the eLibrary section of the web site, including thousands of electronic journals, specialist research databases (which tell you what has been written on a topic or by a particular author) and exam papers, see: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/lib/elib

The Library has an online tutorial called LIFE (Library Induction For Everyone) on accessing electronic journals and using other library facilities, see: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/lib/life/

For an overview of the Library’s resources for Politics, see: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/lib/subguides/socialscience/polsoc

Library Materials by PostThe LAMP Service (LibrAry Materials by Post) is a subscription-based service that enables you to have books and photocopies of articles posted to your home address. You may find it particularly useful if you are not able to visit the library frequently. For more details, see: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/lib/about/how/lamp

Birkbeck students with disabilities may be able to join the service for free on the recommendation of the College Disability Office. If you think you may be eligible for free membership, please first contact the Disability Office on Tel: 020 7631 6630 or email disability@ bbk.ac.uk

Other Libraries

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In the course of your studies it is expected that you will use the research collections located near to Birkbeck. For further information, please see: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/lib/otherlibs/

Get Ahead: Stay Ahead.Studying at Birkbeck is undoubtedly challenging. The College’s Get Ahead: Stay Ahead programme will help you consider how you can achieve your goals, find out what studying at Birkbeck is like and improve your study skills through a range of online tutorials and events. For more details, please visit: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/mybirkbeck/get-ahead-stay-ahead

Mitigating CircumstancesThe College Policy on Mitigating Circumstances determines how boards of examiners will treat assessment that has been affected by adverse circumstances. Mitigating circumstances are defined as unforeseen, unpreventable circumstances that significantly disrupt your academic performance, such as an illness or bereavement.

If you wish mitigating circumstances to be taken into consideration, you should complete the mitigating circumstances form and submit it, with documentary evidence as appropriate, to your module administrator, normally within seven days of the published final assessment deadline or examination. The case will then be considered by the Mitigation Sub-committee of the relevant Board of Examiners. This is in confidence, and you may request that only the Chair of the panel has sight of your form.

The mitigating circumstances form is available at:http://www.bbk.ac.uk/mybirkbeck/services/forms/mitigating_circumstances.doc

The full mitigating circumstances procedure is available at:http://www.bbk.ac.uk/mybirkbeck/services/rules/mitcircspol.pdf

Problems affecting Study If difficulties arise at work or with family, money, health or anything else that may affect your study, please let someone in the Department know, and we will do our best to help out. You are welcome to approach the director of your core or option module.

If you wish to speak to a member of staff who is not teaching you, you might contact the Student Liaison Officer, Dr Barbara Zollner (barbara.zollner@bbk.ac.uk, 020 3073 8226) or the Head of the Department of Politics, Prof. Diana Coole (d.coole@bbk.ac.uk, 020 7631 6782). Alternatively, you might contact the Students’ Union welfare support (http://www.birkbeckunion.org/welfare/) or any of the College services listed on My Birkbeck (http://www.bbk.ac.uk/mybirkbeck/)

Disability Advice and SupportAt Birkbeck there are students with a wide range of disabilities including dyslexia, visual or hearing impairments, mobility difficulties, mental health needs, HIV, M.E., respiratory conditions etc. Many of them have benefited from the advice and support provided by the College’s disability service. Please see the Disability Office website for further details: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/mybirkbeck/services/facilities/disability/disability-office

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Learning Support OfficerThe Learning Support Officer for the School of Social Sciences, History and Philosophy, Helen Fuller, is available to undergraduate students who would like help with their study skills in areas such as: reading, note-taking, time management, writing and exam skills. She teaches a variety of workshops throughout the academic year and is also available for one-to-one tutorials. If you would like some extra help, or are worried about any aspect of your academic work, please do get in touch (h.fuller@bbk.ac.uk, tel: 020 7631 6693).

Birkbeck’s Centre for Transformative Practice in Learning and Teaching also offers a range of academic development workshops for students. Some courses are initially only available to first year undergraduates, but other students can join a standby list. All workshops are free of charge unless stated otherwise. Topics covered in these modules include:

MoodleReading skillsNote takingTime ManagementEssay writingAcademic English

For more details, please see: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/learning-and-teaching/supporting-learning/students-skills-development

Student feedback The Department believes that student feedback is important to the quality of its provision. It invites you to make your views known or to raise issues through the following formal channels:

Class Representatives are elected in the third week of the winter term. They represent the class in the Student’s Union and at the Student-Staff Exchange Meetings (see below), and can also approach the programme director or the Head of Department to raise issues on behalf of the class or individuals in the class.

Student-Staff exchange meetings are scheduled each term. All students are welcome, and class representatives are expected to attend. SSEMs are scheduled to precede Department meetings so that Department staff can consider their responses to the concerns raised and report back to students on action taken.

A Module Evaluation Questionnaire is completed and submitted in the spring term. Students are asked to comment on the module and the quality of teaching. Responses are collated and summarised in a module review, presented by the module director to the Department Teaching and Learning Committee, where they are discussed. The module director examines the issues raised and identifies the follow-up action to be taken. A summary is presented by the Student Liaison Officer at the next Student-Staff Exchange Meeting.

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Personal Tutors (undergraduate) and the Student Liaison Officer (postgraduate) will communicate any concerns you have to the relevant tutor, teacher or administrator. This is a good way of giving feedback to us privately.

Students are also encouraged to convey any concerns or complaints they have informally to module and programme directors or, if necessary, the Head of Department.

Annex: Birkbeck Plagiarism Guidelines

Written by Birkbeck Registry and adapted for TSMB by Nicholas Keep

What is plagiarism?Plagiarism is the most common form of examination offence encountered in universities, partly because of the emphasis now placed on work prepared by candidates unsupervised in their own time, but also because many students fall into it unintentionally, through ignorance of what constitutes plagiarism. Even if unintentional, it will still be considered an examination offence.

This document, developed as guidelines to departments by Birkbeck Registry, is intended to explain clearly what plagiarism is, and how you can avoid it. Acknowledgement is made to guidance issued by the USA Modern Language Association (MLA, 1998).

Plagiarism is the publication of borrowed thoughts as original, or in other words, passing off someone else’s work as your own. In any form, plagiarism is unacceptable in the Department, as it interferes with the proper assessment of students’ academic ability. Plagiarism has been defined as “the false assumption of authorship: the wrongful act of taking the product of another person’s mind, and presenting it as one’s own” (Lindey, 1952, p2). Therefore, using another person’s ideas or expressions or data in your writing without acknowledging the source is to plagiarise.

Borrowing others’ words, ideas or data without acknowledgement. It is acceptable, in your work, to use the words and thoughts of another person or data that another person has gathered but the borrowed material must not appear to be your creation. This includes essays, practical and research reports written by other students including those from previous years, whether you have their permission or not. It also applies to both ‘hard-copy’ material and electronic material, such as Internet documents. Examples include copying someone else’s form of words, or paraphrasing another’s argument, presenting someone else’s data or line of thinking. This form of plagiarism may often be unintentional, caused by making notes from sources such as books or journals without also noting the source, and then repeating those notes in an essay without acknowledging that they are the data, words or ideas belonging to someone else. Guard against this by keeping careful notes that distinguish between your own ideas and researched material and those you obtained from others. Then acknowledge the source.

Example 1

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Original source:

To work as part of a team, to be able and prepared to continue to learn throughout one’s career, and, most important, to take on board both care for the individual and the community, are essential aspects of a doctor’s role today.

Greengross, Sally (1997), “What Patients want from their Doctors”, Choosing Tomorrow’s Doctors, ed. Allen I, Brown PJ, Hughes P, Policy Studies Institute, London.

Plagiarism:

The essential aspects of a doctor’s role today are to work as part of a team, be able and prepared to continue to learn throughout one’s career, and, most importantly, to take on board both care for the individual and the community.

Acceptable:

One social writer believes that the essential aspects of a doctor’s role today are to work as part of a team, be able and prepared to continue to learn throughout one’s career, and, most importantly, to take on board both care for the individual and the community (Greengross, 1997).

Example 2

Original source:

The binary shape of British higher education, until 1992, suggested a simple and misleading, dichotomy of institutions. […] Within their respective classes, universities and polytechnics were imagined to be essentially homogeneous. Their actual diversity was disguised. [….] The abandonment of the binary system, whether or not it encourages future convergence, highlights the pluralism which already exists in British Higher Education.

Scott, Peter (1995), The Meanings of Mass Higher Education, SRHE and Open University Press, Buckingham, p43.

Plagiarism:

Prior to the removal of the binary divide between polytechnics and universities in 1992, there was a misleading appearance of homogeneity in each sector. Now there is only one sector, the diversity of institutions is more apparent, even if convergence may be where we’re heading.

Acceptable:

Peter Scott has argued that prior to the removal of the binary divide between polytechnics and universities in 1992, there was a misleading appearance of homogeneity in each sector. Now there is only one sector, the diversity of institutions is more apparent, even if convergence may be where we’re heading. (Scott, 1994)

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In each revision, the inclusion of the author’s name acknowledges whose ideas these originally were (not the student’s) and the reference refers the reader to the full location of the work when combined with a footnote or bibliography. Note that in the second example, the argument was paraphrased – but even so, this is plagiarism of the idea without acknowledgement of whose idea this really is. In writing any work, therefore (whether for assessment or not) you should document everything that you borrow – not only direct quotations and paraphrases but also information and ideas. There are, of course, some common-sense exceptions to this, such as familiar proverbs, well-known quotations or common knowledge. But you must indicate the source of any appropriated material that readers might otherwise mistake for your own. If in doubt, cite your source or sources.

Copying material verbatimAnother example of plagiarism is the verbatim copying of chunks of material from another source without acknowledgement even where they are accepted facts, because you are still borrowing the phrasing and the order and the idea that this is a correct and complete list. Also, you might be infringing copyright (see below). For example if you wrote based on example 2 above ‘The binary shape of British higher education, until 1992, suggested a simple and misleading, dichotomy of institutions. (Scott, 1995)’ then this still could be regarded as plagiarism as you used his exact words. It is important to rephrase the ideas in your own words, to show that you understand them while still acknowledging the source.

Re-submission of workAnother form of plagiarism is submitting work you previously submitted before for another assignment. While this is obviously not the same as representing someone else’s ideas as your own, it is a form of self-plagiarism and is another form of cheating. If you want to re-work a paper for an assignment, ask your lecturer whether this is acceptable, and acknowledge your re-working in a preface.

Collaboration and collusionIn collaborative work (if this is permitted by the lecturer) joint participation in research and writing does not constitute plagiarism in itself, provided that credit is given for all contributions. One way would be to state in a preface who did what; another, if roles and contributions were merged and truly shared, would be to acknowledge all concerned equally. However, where collaborative projects are allowed, it is usually a requirement that each individual’s contribution and work is distinguishable, so check with your lecturer. Usually, collusion with another candidate on assessed work (such as sharing chunks of writing or copying bits from each other) is not allowed.

Copyright infringementFinally, you must guard against copyright infringement. Even if you acknowledge the source, reproducing a significant portion of any document (including material on the Internet) without permission is a breach of copyright, and a legal offence. You may summarise, paraphrase and make brief quotations (as I have done from my sources), but more than this risks infringing copyright.

References

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Modern Language Association (1998) Guide for Writers of Research Papers (4th edition), MLA, New York

Lindey, A. (1952) Plagiarism and Originality. Harper, New York.

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Annex: Assessment criteria

Essays and exams are assessed using the following criteria (not in order of importance):

Answering the question: the extent to which the work has dealt directly and clearly with the assigned task and provided a focused answer to the particular intellectual problem posed.

Structure: the extent to which the work demonstrates coherent organization of the material and an overall argument that proceeds logically from introduction to conclusion.

Conceptual clarity: the extent to which the work has understood key terms and concepts, defined ambiguous terms, and employed them correctly.

Analytic Content: the extent to which the work provides a critical analysis of the problem that evaluates competing arguments and interpretations rather than a purely descriptive or narrative discussion.

Literature: the extent to which the work demonstrates familiarity with, and command of, the relevant scholarly writings on the subject to which the work is addressed.

Evidence and Examples: the extent to which the work deploys apposite examples and pieces of evidence to support its claims, thereby turning unsupported assertions into critical arguments

Style and Presentation: the extent to which the work makes effective and correct use of the English language and is written in a clear and scholarly style.

The pass mark for postgraduate coursework is 50/100. Essays are marked according to the following schema:

0-29: Totally inadequate work, which does not address the question and shows little or no knowledge of the subject, and fails to deal with any of the issues.

30-39: Inadequate work, which says something relevant to the question, but does not show much evidence of reading or an ability to develop a clear argument.

40-49: Poor work, which shows some knowledge of the literature and addresses the question, but lacks organisation.

50-59: Satisfactory work, which shows an awareness of the major issues, shows knowledge of the sources and of alternative approaches to the subject. Does not show a clear understanding of alternative arguments and makes uncritical use of sources.

60-69: Good work, which treats the issues in a critical and balanced way, and shows an awareness of context, sources and different explanations.

70-79: Excellent work, which displays exceptional knowledge of the literature and/or a substantial measure of originality.

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80-100: Outstanding work in virtually all areas of a calibre far beyond what would be expected at this level. Contains substantial evidence of original and independent thought.

For further information on the assessment of coursework in the Department of Politics and the College more generally, please see: http://www.bbk.ac.uk/politics/current-students and http://www.bbk.ac.uk/reg/regs

Annex: Policy on the Recording of Lectures and Other Teaching Sessions

Please note that the copyright in the lectures and other teaching sessions reside with the teacher responsible for the teaching session. Students may request permission to record any teaching session delivered as part of their programme of study. All such requests should be made prior to the recording to the teacher responsible for the teaching session, and the decision on whether to grant permission is at the discretion of the teacher. Special provisions apply to students with a disability who wish to record teaching sessions. Please see the Disability Office for further details.

http://www.bbk.ac.uk/mybirkbeck/services/facilities/disability/disability-office

Recordings of teaching sessions may only be made for the personal and private use of the student making the recording. Students may not: (a) record teaching sessions on behalf of other students; (b) pass such recordings to any other person (except for the purposes of transcription, in which case they can be passed to one person only); and (c) may not publish such recordings in any form (this includes, but is not limited to, the internet and hard copy publication). Where students breach this policy, the College may regard this as a disciplinary offence. All such breaches will be dealt with in accordance with the College’s Code of Student Discipline.

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